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基本介紹

倒(dao)馬關，因山路險峻，戰(zhan)馬到此經常要摔倒(dao)而得(de)名(ming)。

原關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)長約2．5公里(li)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池占(zhan)地約7萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻底寬(kuan)6米(mi)，頂寬(kuan)4米(mi)，高約10米(mi)。關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)條石(shi)(shi)和自然石(shi)(shi)加青磚筑成(cheng)，東(dong)西二(er)(er)門(men)上(shang)有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)，外(wai)以溝壕環(huan)繞，南面(mian)依山(shan)，北(bei)臨唐(tang)河(he)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣上(shang)列(lie)敵樓(lou)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)7座(zuo)。關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)東(dong)、西、北(bei)三個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)，東(dong)門(men)稱“居(ju)仁”，西門(men)稱“由(you)羲”，北(bei)門(men)稱“宣(xuan)威”。東(dong)西門(men)外(wai)各設甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，東(dong)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設有(you)(you)南北(bei)二(er)(er)門(men)。西甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅設南門(men)一座(zuo)，出(chu)南門(men)往西約百米(mi)處唐(tang)河(he)岸(an)邊設水關(guan)戰臺(tai)(tai)(tai)樓(lou)一座(zuo)，樓(lou)下設有(you)(you)關(guan)門(men)，是由(you)下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)通往上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)惟一通道。北(bei)門(men)外(wai)原設戰臺(tai)(tai)(tai)樓(lou)一座(zuo)，民國二(er)(er)十(shi)八年被洪水沖毀。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內正街寬(kuan)12米(mi)，十(shi)字(zi)街正中(zhong)原來建有(you)(you)兩層(ceng)的(de)閱兵樓(lou)，樓(lou)上(shang)設有(you)(you)十(shi)字(zi)通道，樓(lou)北(bei)為(wei)官(guan)署所在地，有(you)(you)大堂、二(er)(er)堂、三堂。

實用信息

交通信息

乘坐(zuo)661路至(zhi)“倒馬關”站下

歷史沿革

倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)置關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)較早，《戰國策》稱其為(wei)鴻上關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，漢(han)稱常山(shan)(shan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。但目(mu)前可見到的關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)于修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的記(ji)載，都是明朝的。倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)分上城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，上城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是明洪武初年(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)的，后改名(ming)上城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)口；下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)即(ji)今倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。現倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鄉政府院(yuan)內，保存著一塊已從中折(zhe)斷的漢(han)白玉石碑，為(wei)《倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)建(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)碑》。碑文記(ji)載了1465年(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的情況。由此(ci)可知，倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建(jian)于1452年(nian)，后又于1465年(nian)又進行了一次大規模的修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)。倒(dao)(dao)(dao)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，周長約(yue)2.5公里(li)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻底寬(kuan)(kuan)6米，頂寬(kuan)(kuan)4米，高約(yue)10米，墻為(wei)黃土夯筑外(wai)砌磚石。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)、西、北設有3個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)筑設計獨特，它依(yi)峭壁，傍深(shen)澗(jian)，一半在溝谷(gu)，一半在山(shan)(shan)上，整座關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)依(yi)地勢而(er)(er)建(jian)，唐河水(shui)由西、北、東(dong)三面環繞關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)而(er)(er)流。山(shan)(shan)、水(shui)、關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在這里(li)相得益彰(zhang)，互為(wei)險阻。古人謀(mou)略之(zhi)深(shen)，設防之(zhi)嚴，建(jian)筑之(zhi)奇，令人嘆為(wei)觀止。

據《畿(ji)輔通志》記載(zai)，倒(dao)馬(ma)關在河北(bei)(bei)唐縣西(xi)北(bei)(bei)60公里，山路險峻，馬(ma)為之(zhi)倒(dao)，故而得名。倒(dao)馬(ma)關位于(yu)太行山東(dong)麓，北(bei)(bei)臨內長城，背靠(kao)唐河。東(dong)南(nan)為險要的(de)十八盤嶺。自古以(yi)來，倒(dao)馬(ma)關就(jiu)為戰略要沖(chong)。據《后漢(han)書》記載(zai)，建(jian)武十五（公元39年）年，因匈(xiong)奴常(chang)犯東(dong)漢(han)北(bei)(bei)部邊境，東(dong)漢(han)政府(fu)遷徙雁門、代郡、上谷三郡居民于(yu)常(chang)山關（倒(dao)馬(ma)關）、居庸關以(yi)東(dong)地(di)方居住，防止匈(xiong)奴的(de)侵擾(rao)，由(you)此可見倒(dao)馬(ma)關的(de)屏(ping)障作用。

倒(dao)馬關(guan)處于一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)古老的通(tong)(tong)道(dao)上(shang)(shang)，這(zhe)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)道(dao)稱為“靈(ling)(ling)丘(qiu)道(dao)”。《魏書(shu)·高祖紀(ji)》載，太(tai)(tai)和六年(nian)（公元(yuan)482年(nian)）曾調集州郡5萬人(ren)修(xiu)治靈(ling)(ling)丘(qiu)道(dao)。靈(ling)(ling)丘(qiu)道(dao)北起平城（山(shan)西大同(tong)市東北），南越恒山(shan)，自靈(ling)(ling)丘(qiu)以下，略循今(jin)唐(tang)河谷道(dao)出太(tai)(tai)行(xing)山(shan)，南抵中山(shan)（今(jin)河北定縣），是當時山(shan)西高原北部通(tong)(tong)向華北平原的交通(tong)(tong)要(yao)道(dao)，倒(dao)馬關(guan)就是這(zhe)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)道(dao)路上(shang)(shang)的重(zhong)要(yao)關(guan)隘。

明朝馬(ma)中(zhong)錫《倒(dao)(dao)馬(ma)關(guan)詩并(bing)序(xu)》中(zhong)說：“關(guan)有兩(liang)山(shan)對峙(zhi)，其(qi)路(lu)極險，相傳楊六郎到此馬(ma)踣，故名。”后人為紀念楊延(yan)昭（六郎）鎮(zhen)守(shou)三關(guan)的功績(ji)，于明正德十五年（公(gong)元1520年），在倒(dao)(dao)馬(ma)關(guan)城西(xi)3公(gong)里(li)的馬(ma)圈山(shan)上修建了“六郎碑(bei)(bei)”。碑(bei)(bei)通體(ti)高1.8米，寬60厘米，為漢白(bai)玉雕鑿而成，碑(bei)(bei)額抹角及兩(liang)邊(bian)雕云(yun)紋花邊(bian)圖(tu)案。碑(bei)(bei)文為：“宋(song)將楊六郎拒(ju)守(shou)之處。”楊延(yan)昭是并(bing)州（今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)太原(yuan)）人，宋(song)真宗(zong)時為保州（今(jin)河北(bei)保定）緣邊(bian)都巡(xun)檢(jian)使，后因與遼(liao)兵(bing)作戰有功升為保州防(fang)御使。楊延(yan)昭在邊(bian)防(fang)鎮(zhen)守(shou)20余年，遼(liao)兵(bing)甚為畏懼，千百年來，許多文人學士到倒(dao)(dao)馬(ma)關(guan)憑(ping)吊六郎碑(bei)(bei)，稱頌吟懷楊六郎威鎮(zhen)邊(bian)關(guan)的不朽業績(ji)。