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萬里長城-寧武關
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寧武關是一個景點。它是為晉北古樓煩(古部落名)地。戰國時,趙武靈王曾在此置樓煩關,以防匈奴。寧武,秦漢為樓煩縣地,置有樓煩關,今縣南的寧化村,即為樓煩關南口,縣北的陽方口,即為樓煩關北口。北魏時廣寧、神武二郡先后治此,隋時先后屬崞縣、靜樂縣。唐置寧武郡,始用寧武之稱,取廣寧、神武二郡尾字而得。或說其地有舊寧文堡,取文武對應之義,因有此稱。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 山西(xi)省忻州市寧(ning)武縣人民大街12號附(fu)近
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基本介紹

寧(ning)武(wu)關(guan)是(shi)三(san)(san)關(guan)鎮守總兵駐(zhu)所所在(zai)地。關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始(shi)建(jian)于明景泰元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1450年(nian)(nian)),在(zai)明成化、正德(de)、隆(long)慶年(nian)(nian)間(jian),均有修(xiu)繕。關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雄踞(ju)于恒山余脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)華(hua)(hua)蓋(gai)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,臨(lin)恢河,俯瞰東、西(xi)、南(nan)三(san)(san)面(mian),周(zhou)長2公(gong)里(li),開(kai)東、西(xi)、南(nan)三(san)(san)門(men)。成化二年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1466年(nian)(nian))增(zeng)(zeng)修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)圍(wei)約2公(gong)里(li),基寬15米,頂(ding)寬7.5米,墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)約10米,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東、西(xi)、南(nan)三(san)(san)面(mian)開(kai)門(men)。成化十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1479年(nian)(nian)),由巡撫(fu)魏紳主持,拓廣關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),周(zhou)長3500多米,加辟北(bei)門(men),建(jian)飛(fei)樓(lou)(lou)于其上,起名為鎮朔(shuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),南(nan)北(bei)較狹,東西(xi)為長,關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)長七里(li),呈長方形(xing),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)高(gao)大堅(jian)固,四(si)(si)周(zhou)炮臺、敵(di)樓(lou)(lou)星羅棋布。到(dao)弘治十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1498年(nian)(nian)),關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又被(bei)擴展為周(zhou)圍(wei)約3.5公(gong)里(li)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)了(le)1.5米,并加開(kai)了(le)北(bei)門(men),不(bu)過這時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)仍為黃土夯筑(zhu),磚(zhuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)萬歷(li)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1606年(nian)(nian))包(bao)砌的(de)(de)(de)(de)。萬歷(li)年(nian)(nian)間(jian),在(zai)全(quan)部用青磚(zhuan)包(bao)砌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi),還(huan)修(xiu)建(jian)了(le)東西(xi)2座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)(lou),在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)華(hua)(hua)蓋(gai)山頂(ding)修(xiu)筑(zhu)了(le)一(yi)座巍峨聳峙的(de)(de)(de)(de)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墩(dun),墩(dun)上筑(zhu)有一(yi)座三(san)(san)層重(zhong)樓(lou)(lou),名為華(hua)(hua)蓋(gai)樓(lou)(lou)。關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)僅(jin)與內長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相連,而且在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)還(huan)修(xiu)筑(zhu)了(le)一(yi)條(tiao)長達二十(shi)(shi)公(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)。寧(ning)武(wu)據鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei),傳說由鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰所變,故有“鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng),遇(yu)敵(di)侵犯可神奇地飛(fei)走。但見城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池猶如鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)身,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)華(hua)(hua)蓋(gai)山護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墩(dun)酷似鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)首,東西(xi)延(yan)伸的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩堡(bao)儼(yan)然(ran)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)翅,南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迎薰樓(lou)(lou),正如高(gao)翹的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)尾(wei)。雄居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou),堪稱(cheng)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰的(de)(de)(de)(de)心臟,使人產生美妙的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)想。萬歷(li)末(mo)年(nian)(nian),增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),加以(yi)磚(zhuan)包(bao),關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)更為堅(jian)固雄壯。

當(dang)時為了抵(di)(di)御蒙古的(de)進攻,在北方不斷設險置關(guan)、修筑防線(xian),形成了外(wai)邊(bian)(bian)與內邊(bian)(bian)。而內邊(bian)(bian)者,就是指(zhi)西起山(shan)西偏(pian)關(guan)縣(xian),經神池、寧(ning)武、代縣(xian)、朔縣(xian)、河(he)北蔚縣(xian)等地(di),抵(di)(di)河(he)北延(yan)慶縣(xian)的(de)內線(xian)長城,蜿蜒1000多公里。在這條(tiao)防線(xian)上,創(chuang)關(guan)設堡,駐(zhu)守軍隊。在河(he)北境(jing)內者,沿線(xian)設紫荊(jing)、倒馬、居庸三(san)(san)關(guan),稱(cheng)為內三(san)(san)關(guan)。在山(shan)西境(jing)內,設偏(pian)頭(tou)、寧(ning)武、雁(yan)門三(san)(san)關(guan),稱(cheng)為外(wai)三(san)(san)關(guan)。外(wai)三(san)(san)關(guan)之中,偏(pian)頭(tou)為極(ji)邊(bian)(bian),雁(yan)門為沖要,而寧(ning)武介(jie)二關(guan)之中,控(kong)扼內邊(bian)(bian)之首(shou),形勢尤(you)為重(zhong)要。故《邊(bian)(bian)防考》上說:“以(yi)重(zhong)兵(bing)駐(zhu)此,東(dong)可以(yi)衛雁(yan)門,西可以(yi)援偏(pian)關(guan),北可以(yi)應云朔,蓋地(di)利得勢。”

寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)三關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)歷代戰爭最為(wei)(wei)(wei)頻(pin)繁的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)口。當時北(bei)方游(you)牧民族南(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia),必經三關(guan)(guan)(guan)。偏關(guan)(guan)(guan)由(you)于有(you)黃河(he)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)天險,只有(you)冬(dong)季(ji)匈(xiong)奴(nu)的(de)(de)(de)騎(qi)(qi)兵才可以(yi)踏冰而過,而雁門以(yi)山為(wei)(wei)(wei)天險,騎(qi)(qi)兵難以(yi)突破。寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)所靠的(de)(de)(de)恢(hui)河(he)是(shi)季(ji)節(jie)性河(he)流(liu),在(zai)恢(hui)河(he)斷流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)季(ji)節(jie),匈(xiong)奴(nu)騎(qi)(qi)兵就沿河(he)谷揮師南(nan)(nan)進,直抵關(guan)(guan)(guan)下(xia)(xia),當時恢(hui)河(he)河(he)谷可容“十騎(qi)(qi)并進”,所以(yi)大(da)多(duo)(duo)數時候,寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)游(you)牧民族和農耕民族交戰的(de)(de)(de)主要戰場(chang)。歷史上因鮮卑(bei)、突厥、契丹、蒙古等游(you)牧民族南(nan)(nan)下(xia)(xia)掠擄,經常(chang)選(xuan)擇(ze)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)突破口,所以(yi)在(zai)很多(duo)(duo)歷史時期,這里(li)的(de)(de)(de)戰爭幾乎連年(nian)不斷。在(zai)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)千百年(nian)來的(de)(de)(de)戰爭紀錄中(zhong),最后(hou)一場(chang)大(da)仗發生在(zai)明末崇禎年(nian)間。

當北(bei)(bei)(bei)同蒲鐵路(lu)線(xian)上北(bei)(bei)(bei)上的(de)列車像(xiang)一(yi)條(tiao)巨龍一(yi)樣,由煤鄉軒崗西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺中穿越而過之后,眼前(qian),一(yi)座(zuo)現代(dai)化的(de)小城便出現在鐵路(lu)線(xian)西(xi)的(de)河谷(gu)中,這就(jiu)是(shi)古代(dai)的(de)晉北(bei)(bei)(bei)重(zhong)鎮——寧武(wu)關的(de)所在地(di)。寧武(wu)關故址就(jiu)是(shi)今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)寧武(wu)縣(xian)(xian)城,當呂(lv)梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)北(bei)(bei)(bei)支蘆(lu)芽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和云(yun)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)交會的(de)谷(gu)口。谷(gu)口寬廣,敞向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)面的(de)朔縣(xian)(xian)盆(pen)地(di)。三面環(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),北(bei)(bei)(bei)倚內長城,深居于(yu)四面屏(ping)蔽(bi)的(de)腹地(di),形(xing)勢穩固,易守難攻。這里處于(yu)大同、朔縣(xian)(xian)聯合盆(pen)地(di)的(de)南緣,地(di)形(xing)高亢(kang)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)內兩(liang)條(tiao)大河桑干河和汾河即源于(yu)此(ci),分流南北(bei)(bei)(bei)。東西(xi)兩(liang)面又有滹沱河、黃河的(de)支流由此(ci)流出。因此(ci),這里雖是(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu),卻具(ju)路(lu)通(tong)四方之利,交通(tong)方便。由此(ci)北(bei)(bei)(bei)上可到大同,南下可達太原。

寧武關(guan)(guan),在今寧武縣城區(qu)。始建于明代(dai)中(zhong)期,為萬里長城上的重要(yao)關(guan)(guan)隘,地勢險(xian)要(yao),因其地處(chu)“三(san)關(guan)(guan)”中(zhong)路,素有“北屏(ping)大同,南(nan)扼太(tai)原,西應偏關(guan)(guan),東援雁門(men)”的戰略作用。

歷史沿革

明(ming)代(dai)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)歷史(shi)上(shang)是一個(ge)很難用(yong)一句話概(gai)括的(de)(de)(de)朝代(dai)。從推翻元朝開始(shi),明(ming)朝就不(bu)斷(duan)與北(bei)方少數民族(zu)征(zheng)戰(zhan)。先是蒙(meng)古,最后亡于清。朱元璋(zhang)建國(guo)之(zhi)初,深知(zhi)國(guo)力(li)衰弱(ruo),而又沒能將“大元”殘余(yu)勢力(li)掃清。于是派遣朱棣(di)駐(zhu)北(bei),從戰(zhan)略上(shang)來說就是遏制(zhi)蒙(meng)古入侵。而燕王(wang)(wang)征(zheng)南之(zhi)后,可能源于奪了(le)(le)侄子帝位而愧對祖先,于是遷都北(bei)京。然(ran)而這個(ge)遷都的(de)(de)(de)舉動,卻(que)將大明(ming)王(wang)(wang)朝的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心近距離地展(zhan)現在(zai)(zai)蒙(meng)古面(mian)前。于是朱棣(di)在(zai)(zai)永(yong)樂(le)十年以后開始(shi)北(bei)征(zheng)。五次(ci)北(bei)征(zheng)之(zhi)后,除前兩(liang)次(ci)有所斬獲外,其余(yu)多為勞民傷財,使得(de)剛剛恢(hui)復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)經濟又背上(shang)了(le)(le)沉(chen)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)包袱,為后世子孫留下了(le)(le)長久不(bu)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)隱患(huan)。

明(ming)(ming)憲宗(zong)朱(zhu)見(jian)深(shen)(shen)是朱(zhu)棣(di)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)明(ming)(ming)代不(bu)多幾個有(you)些作為(wei)的(de)(de)皇帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一。在(zai)他的(de)(de)朝(chao)代建立(li)寧(ning)(ning)武關其實(shi)是有(you)特(te)殊含義的(de)(de)。明(ming)(ming)憲宗(zong)的(de)(de)父親就是創造被生擒“奇跡”的(de)(de)魯莽皇帝(di)明(ming)(ming)英(ying)(ying)宗(zong)。在(zai)明(ming)(ming)英(ying)(ying)宗(zong)時,當時的(de)(de)蒙古在(zai)漠北(bei)的(de)(de)勢(shi)(shi)力(li)已經(jing)一分為(wei)二(er),瓦(wa)剌(la)(la)與韃靼(da),瓦(wa)剌(la)(la)強(qiang)大(da)(da)了起來(lai),并不(bu)斷騷(sao)擾明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)的(de)(de)北(bei)邊。太監王振(zhen)鼓動英(ying)(ying)宗(zong)對瓦(wa)剌(la)(la)御駕親征(zheng),但是準備不(bu)足,糧餉接(jie)濟(ji)不(bu)足,前線屢(lv)(lv)屢(lv)(lv)失(shi)敗。形勢(shi)(shi)不(bu)好(hao),英(ying)(ying)宗(zong)撤軍,在(zai)懷來(lai)城外的(de)(de)土木堡被包圍。全(quan)軍覆(fu)沒,英(ying)(ying)宗(zong)被俘。為(wei)了避免被瓦(wa)剌(la)(la)威(wei)脅,在(zai)大(da)(da)臣于謙的(de)(de)倡議下(xia)立(li)英(ying)(ying)宗(zong)弟弟朱(zhu)祁鈺為(wei)帝(di),年(nian)號景泰(tai)。隨后(hou)朱(zhu)見(jian)深(shen)(shen)太子(zi)(zi)位(wei)置被廢。“奪門之(zhi)(zhi)變”后(hou),他的(de)(de)太子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)也失(shi)而(er)復得。然而(er)這樣的(de)(de)經(jing)歷,使(shi)他精神壓力(li)非(fei)常大(da)(da),朱(zhu)見(jian)深(shen)(shen)繼位(wei)的(de)(de)第二(er)年(nian)改年(nian)號為(wei)“成(cheng)化(hua)”,而(er)在(zai)成(cheng)化(hua)三年(nian)就建立(li)寧(ning)(ning)武關,希望明(ming)(ming)王朝(chao)不(bu)要重蹈覆(fu)轍,防患于未(wei)然。在(zai)此之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),寧(ning)(ning)武關的(de)(de)防御功能(neng)被發揮到淋漓盡致,有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)擋住了蒙古的(de)(de)入侵。

明正德八年(1513)蒙古騎兵(bing)從大同南下,進(jin)攻(gong)寧(ning)武關(guan),企圖由此進(jin)入晉(jin)(jin)中(zhong)。守關(guan)官兵(bing)奮起(qi)抵抗(kang),打(da)敗(bai)蒙古兵(bing),保衛了(le)晉(jin)(jin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。寧(ning)武關(guan)的(de)(de)創設、加固(gu)以及沿關(guan)防(fang)戍的(de)(de)修筑,將偏頭、雁門、寧(ning)武三關(guan)連為一(yi)線,有效地加強了(le)明朝北部邊(bian)防(fang),在相當時(shi)期(qi)內,保障了(le)三晉(jin)(jin)人民(min)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。

當時(shi)關防的(de)(de)(de)(de)設置,不僅有警邊御(yu)敵的(de)(de)(de)(de)意圖(tu),同時(shi)也(ye)有防止和(he)鎮壓國(guo)內反抗的(de)(de)(de)(de)意圖(tu)。由于前幾任皇帝的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫征(zheng)暴斂(lian),以及對(dui)于蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多次用兵(bing),到了崇(chong)禎(zhen)皇帝期(qi)間,國(guo)庫空(kong)虛。而(er)此時(shi)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)勢力逐漸弱小(xiao),滿(man)洲(zhou)勢力大增。為取得戰(zhan)爭勝利,崇(chong)禎(zhen)皇帝加(jia)征(zheng)兵(bing)餉。朝(chao)廷征(zheng)一(yi)分,官員(yuan)征(zheng)十分。在(zai)(zai)朝(chao)野腐敗的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下,激起了民變,李(li)自成(cheng)從陜北(bei)起義(yi)。在(zai)(zai)對(dui)大明(ming)朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭中,寧(ning)武(wu)一(yi)戰(zhan)非常慘烈。寧(ning)武(wu)破則北(bei)京危險。因此在(zai)(zai)此戰(zhan)上(shang),雙方(fang)都拼盡全力。明(ming)末這(zhe)里(li)曾發生過一(yi)場(chang)極(ji)其重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)大戰(zhan)。但攻(gong)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)卻不是來自北(bei)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)入侵,而(er)是來自后方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)攻(gong)擊。

當明(ming)末農(nong)民起(qi)(qi)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風暴席(xi)卷陜、晉大(da)(da)地(di)時,寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)又(you)(you)成為(wei)(wei)抵御李自(zi)成農(nong)民起(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)(jun)北(bei)(bei)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堡壘。公元(yuan)1644年初,李自(zi)成在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西安稱王后(hou),隨即率大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)北(bei)(bei)渡(du)黃河,取道山西進行北(bei)(bei)伐。起(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)(jun)一路(lu)勢如(ru)破竹(zhu),很快(kuai)(kuai)便攻占了(le)(le)太原。當向北(bei)(bei)攻克雁門(men)關(guan)(guan)(guan)準備攻擊(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)同(tong)時,發(fa)現明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)聚集了(le)(le)大(da)(da)批(pi)軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui),有(you)側擊(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企圖。當時李自(zi)成由于曾(ceng)經在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)羅城(cheng)(cheng)吃過周遇吉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敗(bai)(bai)仗,認為(wei)(wei)他是一塊硬骨頭(tou),是有(you)些害怕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)準備放(fang)棄攻打(da)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan),繞城(cheng)(cheng)而走(zou),直(zhi)取大(da)(da)同(tong),盡快(kuai)(kuai)攻擊(ji)(ji)(ji)北(bei)(bei)京皇城(cheng)(cheng),然(ran)后(hou)再(zai)攻擊(ji)(ji)(ji)無援(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)。后(hou)來在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)軍(jun)(jun)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勸說下,以(yi)及寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)三關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)相互策應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)位置,李自(zi)又(you)(you)返(fan)身南(nan)下,奮戰(zhan)七(qi)(qi)晝(zhou)夜(ye)以(yi)慘重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代價擊(ji)(ji)(ji)敗(bai)(bai)鎮(zhen)守雁門(men)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三關(guan)(guan)(guan)總兵周遇吉,為(wei)(wei)奪(duo)取北(bei)(bei)京掃清了(le)(le)障礙。如(ru)今在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)恢河東(dong)岸,仍有(you)周遇吉之墓(mu),為(wei)(wei)磚石(shi)所筑。這一戰(zhan)整(zheng)整(zheng)打(da)了(le)(le)七(qi)(qi)個晝(zhou)夜(ye),起(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)(jun)經血戰(zhan)最終破城(cheng)(cheng)全殲了(le)(le)守關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)軍(jun)(jun),但(dan)打(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卻十(shi)分艱苦。這一戰(zhan)也(ye)充分見證了(le)(le)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)險(xian)要(yao)(yao)和堅固。也(ye)正是因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這一戰(zhan),堅定了(le)(le)崇禎誓不(bu)南(nan)遷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決心。他認為(wei)(wei)憑借層(ceng)層(ceng)險(xian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)足(zu)可阻擋起(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攻勢,可從容等待各(ge)路(lu)勤王之師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)來。但(dan)他怎么(me)也(ye)想(xiang)不(bu)到(dao),自(zi)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)戰(zhan)之后(hou),大(da)(da)同(tong)、宣化、居(ju)庸關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三處守軍(jun)(jun),以(yi)及調去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)援(yuan)軍(jun)(jun),竟然(ran)全部不(bu)戰(zhan)而降。層(ceng)層(ceng)險(xian)關(guan)(guan)(guan)要(yao)(yao)塞全成了(le)(le)擺設,致使起(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)(jun)一路(lu)長驅直(zhi)入,迅速包圍了(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)京城(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)那(nei)場勢如(ru)破竹(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)民起(qi)(qi)義中(zhong),農(nong)民軍(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)竟然(ran)苦戰(zhan)七(qi)(qi)晝(zhou)夜(ye),付出了(le)(le)慘重(zhong)(zhong)代價,以(yi)至(zhi)于到(dao)處開倉(cang)放(fang)糧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)李自(zi)成一怒之下火燒寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan),說明(ming)了(le)(le)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅固與險(xian)要(yao)(yao),如(ru)此慘烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭也(ye)說明(ming)了(le)(le)寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)軍(jun)(jun)事地(di)理位置上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用,寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)因(yin)此聞名天(tian)下。寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)見證明(ming)王朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衰敗(bai)(bai),其實某(mou)種(zhong)程(cheng)度(du)上不(bu)也(ye)說明(ming):真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)口不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)外(wai)形,而更在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人心。

在(zai)現代戰爭(zheng)中,寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)也是(shi)戰略(lve)要地(di)(di)。抗日戰爭(zheng)時期,寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)為(wei)晉西北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗日根據地(di)(di)的(de)(de)一部分(fen)。1938年,日偽(wei)軍(jun)(jun)一萬余(yu)人(ren)(ren)分(fen)四路(lu)(lu)(lu)圍攻(gong)晉西北(bei)(bei)(bei)根據地(di)(di),并占領了寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)等(deng)七縣城(cheng)。八路(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)120師采取集中兵(bing)力(li)(li)各個擊(ji)破的(de)(de)策略(lve),首先擊(ji)敗其它各地(di)(di)的(de)(de)敵人(ren)(ren),然(ran)后以(yi)(yi)主力(li)(li)在(zai)寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)外圍活動,切(qie)斷(duan)敵軍(jun)(jun)歸路(lu)(lu)(lu),并以(yi)(yi)一部分(fen)緊逼寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)城(cheng)。這時寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)之敵便(bian)在(zai)從陽方(fang)(fang)口南下敵人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)接(jie)應下,棄城(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)竄,120師予以(yi)(yi)沉重打(da)擊(ji),終(zhong)于收復了寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)城(cheng)。在(zai)1940年的(de)(de)百(bai)團(tuan)大戰中,八路(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)120師曾以(yi)(yi)截斷(duan)同(tong)蒲路(lu)(lu)(lu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)段交通(tong)為(wei)目的(de)(de),以(yi)(yi)主力(li)(li)破擊(ji)寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)——軒崗段,在(zai)寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)、忻州(zhou)展(zhan)開破擊(ji)戰,有力(li)(li)地(di)(di)打(da)擊(ji)了日本侵略(lve)軍(jun)(jun)。現今山西南北(bei)(bei)(bei)交通(tong)大動脈同(tong)蒲鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)從寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關穿(chuan)過(guo),又有公路(lu)(lu)(lu)通(tong)向(xiang)四方(fang)(fang)。這里仍為(wei)晉北(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)交通(tong)要地(di)(di)。

清朝建立以后(hou),因為(wei)與蒙古(gu)的(de)(de)和睦關(guan)(guan)系(xi),寧(ning)武(wu)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)要(yao)沖、防御作用(yong)基本(ben)喪失(shi),成了祥和的(de)(de)聚居之地(di),遂將關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)改為(wei)府(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)。其防御設施和內長城(cheng)(cheng)也逐漸(jian)廢棄,成為(wei)了還尚(shang)(shang)可(ke)辨(bian)認的(de)(de)遺跡。現存(cun)(cun)關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)舊址范圍分(fen)西關(guan)(guan)和東關(guan)(guan)兩(liang)部分(fen),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)依山勢而建,十(shi)分(fen)壯觀。據(ju)史書記載(zai),明(ming)弘(hong)治十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(1498)擴城(cheng)(cheng)七里。萬歷三十(shi)四年(nian)(1606)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)砌磚,周(zhou)(zhou)長3567米。城(cheng)(cheng)中鼓樓為(wei)寧(ning)武(wu)關(guan)(guan)代表性建筑。周(zhou)(zhou)圍烽火臺峙立,氣勢雄偉(wei)。寧(ning)武(wu)關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)筑于呂梁(liang)山脈(mo)北部支脈(mo)的(de)(de)山口,周(zhou)(zhou)長3.5公里余,襟山帶水,地(di)形險要(yao),今已傾(qing)圮,兩(liang)側山上的(de)(de)內長城(cheng)(cheng)遺跡尚(shang)(shang)存(cun)(cun)。今除存(cun)(cun)極(ji)少的(de)(de)零星(xing)夯土殘墻(qiang)外,基本(ben)上全已被拆毀,只剩下位于城(cheng)(cheng)中心的(de)(de)一(yi)座(zuo)鼓樓在春風里笑(xiao)傲紅(hong)塵(chen),留下滄(cang)桑歷史的(de)(de)裊裊余音,至今尚(shang)(shang)保存(cun)(cun)良好。

寧武(wu)關(guan)鼓(gu)樓,位于今寧武(wu)縣(xian)城(cheng)人民(min)大街,平面布局基(ji)本(ben)呈正方形,此樓下座為(wei)磚砌券拱(gong)十(shi)字穿心洞,樓為(wei)三層三檐(yan)木結構歇山頂式(shi)建筑(zhu),通高30余米(mi),氣勢(shi)宏(hong)偉,為(wei)省重點文物(wu)保護單(dan)位。鼓(gu)樓內的(de)(de)文物(wu)陳列(lie)中,有(you)寧武(wu)縣(xian)古寺出土,當年修(xiu)筑(zhu)長城(cheng)時用過的(de)(de)大水(shui)缸和戍守長城(cheng)的(de)(de)將士們使用過的(de)(de)各種兵器(qi)。

陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口是明長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)關(guan)隘。位(wei)于山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)寧武縣北(bei)約(yue)13公里(li).陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鎮重要口舊為九(jiu)牛口。長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)過恢(hui)河地段,原建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)九(jiu)孔石橋(qiao)(qiao)一座(zuo),與兩側長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)銜接,每個橋(qiao)(qiao)孔內又有(you)(you)(you)一鐵(tie)牛鎮守。后鐵(tie)牛被水沖(chong)(chong)走,橋(qiao)(qiao)亦(yi)坍塌(ta),更今(jin)名。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口堡(bao)城(cheng)(cheng),東(dong)靠長(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)山(shan),西(xi)(xi)傍(bang)恢(hui)河,為明嘉(jia)靖十八年(nian)(1539)巡撫陳講(jiang)所筑(zhu),萬歷四年(nian)(1576)增(zeng)修。堡(bao)城(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)1公里(li)左右。有(you)(you)(you)“山(shan)西(xi)(xi)鎮中路第一沖(chong)(chong)口”之稱。顧祖(zu)禹(yu)在《讀(du)史方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)輿紀要》中論(lun)述陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口堡(bao)戰略(lve)地位(wei)時說:“大(da)同有(you)(you)(you)事,以(yi)重兵(bing)駐(zhu)此,東(dong)可(ke)以(yi)衛雁門,西(xi)(xi)可(ke)以(yi)援偏(pian)關(guan),北(bei)可(ke)以(yi)應云朔(shuo),蓋地利得也。’現陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口亦(yi)為晉西(xi)(xi)北(bei)、大(da)同、大(da)原的(de)交通樞紐。北(bei)有(you)(you)(you)同蒲(pu)、寧苛(ke)兩條(tiao)鐵(tie)路,還有(you)(you)(you)忻州至(zhi)保德,崞(guo)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)至(zhi)偏(pian)關(guan),水泉、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口至(zhi)平魯(lu)等三條(tiao)公路干線通過。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)今(jin)已殘毀(hui),尚存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)磚券拱門,用(yong)橫木支(zhi)撐著,供行人來往。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口西(xi)(xi)的(de)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)存(cun)夯土殘墻和土筑(zhu)墩臺。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口東(dong)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)尚存(cun)部分磚砌墻體,井有(you)(you)(you)三座(zuo)磚砌空心敵樓(lou)保存(cun)較好。

榮譽及其他

歷史古跡

概述

古(gu)(gu)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng):在樓子(zi)山(shan)上(shang)有古(gu)(gu)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)跡,明正德中,兵備張(zhang)鳳(feng)羾立石山(shan)下,曰“紫塞長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)”,或疑(yi)為六國趙時所筑之舊。

古(gu)襄陽城:《太(tai)原志(zhi)》云:“在靜樂縣北九十里,古(gu)寧化軍南。”遺(yi)址微在。

林溪鎮城(cheng):在林溪山下,世傳隋(sui)煬(yang)帝避暑(shu)處,金天會間,即其地改為圣壽寺。

隋汾陽宮:在縣(xian)西(xi)南六十里,即林溪鎮城處。

古(gu)樓煩關:在寧化南,靜樂(le)界。

天(tian)池(chi)故城(cheng)、元池(chi)故城(cheng):并李克用表置者。

汾陽(yang)故縣、六度故縣:上并唐筑。

用武池:高齊于(yu)此大(da)蒐(sou),因名。《崞縣志》稱:在寧(ning)武關。《魏(wei)志》云:疑(yi)即天(tian)池是。

天池監(jian)(jian)牧(mu)(mu)、元池監(jian)(jian)牧(mu)(mu)、樓(lou)煩(fan)監(jian)(jian)牧(mu)(mu):并唐時置,使牧(mu)(mu)馬(ma)處(chu)。自樓(lou)煩(fan)關(guan)以下,今皆無(wu)跡。

橐(tuo)蓮臺(tai)(tai):在縣東北二(er)十五里。《二(er)鎮三(san)關志(zhi)》云:“今陽(yang)方口河西高山謂之‘橐(tuo)蓮臺(tai)(tai)’,世傳宋王(wang)侁望楊(yang)業兵處(chu)(chu)。”《朔州(zhou)志(zhi)》亦(yi)載之,唯《崞縣志(zhi)》但記臺(tai)(tai)名,不言王(wang)侁事。考元魏(wei)滅赫(he)連氏,遷其子孫散處(chu)(chu)雁門、代(dai),北依山谷以居,故其地有(you)赫(he)連臺(tai)(tai),所云橐(tuo)蓮或是赫(he)連之訛。

宋摩崖(ya)題(ti)名:在(zai)樓子山崖(ya),題(ti)云:元(yuan)佑缺年秋(qiu)(qiu)七(qi)月(yue)己卯,文(wen)思(si)。副使知寧化軍事(shi)太原王余、應定山與前朝奉(feng)郎(lang)通判軍事(shi)汝南趙審道同(tong)游樓子山,飲于漏崖(ya)之(zhi)足,以觀汾水之(zhi)源。酒酣(han),公(gong)為(wei)安(an)懿(yi)王泠瓏之(zhi)琹,以撫秋(qiu)(qiu)思(si)之(zhi)美,既闕,而(er)奏雪中松(song)之(zhi)曲。是行也,部吏劉喜、王錫、魏廓、陸思(si)誠、鞏(gong)裕、李(li)昌(chang)言、秋(qiu)(qiu)球、榆次尉石伯倫預焉(yan),洛陽鞏(gong)裕書。右依(yi)《魏志(zhi)》書之(zhi)“為(wei)安(an)懿(yi)王泠”,五字疑筆跡(ji)稍泐(le),文(wen)有訛隱(yin),若“王”當為(wei)“玉(yu)”,“泠”當為(wei)“玲”,余三字則未(wei)詳也。

相關古跡

寧武府屬

在郡(jun)城中少東(dong)(dong)北七百(bai)戶街(jie),負山(shan)臨逵,地勢高爽。雍正(zheng)四(si)年(1726年),知府郎(lang)瀚建,即故寧武道署之(zhi)舊,改創為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)府。經歷謝廷恕董其事,署成(cheng)規局,宏(hong)整門(men)(men)(men)屏,東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)兩坊翼之(zhi),坊門(men)(men)(men)高廣,太守車騎所出入(ru)(ru)也;循坊列柵(zha),以(yi)(yi)禁行(xing)者,柵(zha)周方寬闊,中容(rong)吏士數百(bai)人。大門(men)(men)(men)三(san)楹,正(zheng)南面啟(qi),入(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)儀門(men)(men)(men),自儀門(men)(men)(men)入(ru)(ru),為(wei)(wei)大堂(tang),堂(tang)前有(you)(you)抱(bao)廈(sha)堂(tang),左為(wei)(wei)兵餉庫(ku)(ku),右為(wei)(wei)庫(ku)(ku)軍房(fang)(fang);堂(tang)下(xia)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)吏舍各(ge)(ge)六,東(dong)(dong)南官廳在焉(yan),西(xi)(xi)南則隸卒夜值(zhi)者居之(zhi)。儀門(men)(men)(men)外,東(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)土神祠,西(xi)(xi)庫(ku)(ku)神廟。由大堂(tang)而后為(wei)(wei)宅門(men)(men)(men),門(men)(men)(men)外,左、右班(ban)房(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)一;門(men)(men)(men)內(nei),左、右各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)房(fang)(fang)三(san)間(jian)(jian),皆(jie)(jie)北向。其北為(wei)(wei)二(er)堂(tang),堂(tang)東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)屋(wu)各(ge)(ge)三(san)間(jian)(jian),堂(tang)下(xia)門(men)(men)(men)東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)啟(qi);自東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)入(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)書室五間(jian)(jian),皆(jie)(jie)南向,后有(you)(you)屋(wu)三(san)間(jian)(jian),北與書室對門(men)(men)(men);由西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)入(ru)(ru),書室二(er)間(jian)(jian)、客廳三(san)間(jian)(jian),客廳南對者為(wei)(wei)“琴鶴軒”,亦為(wei)(wei)射(she)(she)廳,凡三(san)間(jian)(jian);射(she)(she)廳之(zhi)西(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)馬(ma)(ma)廄(jiu),有(you)(you)井以(yi)(yi)飲馬(ma)(ma),有(you)(you)祠屋(wu)為(wei)(wei)間(jian)(jian)者四(si)而庳,以(yi)(yi)祀(si)馬(ma)(ma)祖(zu)。自二(er)堂(tang)后入(ru)(ru)門(men)(men)(men),為(wei)(wei)知府內(nei)宅,住房(fang)(fang)三(san)間(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)洞房(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)二(er),廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)三(san),門(men)(men)(men)外東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)偏房(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)一,又東(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)廚,最后房(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian),因山(shan)為(wei)(wei)趾,勢獨(du)高,見郭(guo)外諸峰(feng);房(fang)(fang)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)屋(wu)各(ge)(ge)三(san)間(jian)(jian),又夾道中屋(wu)二(er)間(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)如之(zhi)。

清代(dai)寧武府(fu)(fu)(fu)疆域:在(zai)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)布政司西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)三(san)百(bai)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)。東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)廣(guang)三(san)百(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五里(li),南北(bei)袤二百(bai)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)。東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)朔(shuo)(shuo)平(ping)府(fu)(fu)(fu)朔(shuo)(shuo)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)(jie)(jie)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)里(li),又(you)東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)大(da)同(tong)府(fu)(fu)(fu)應(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)(jie)(jie)二百(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li),山(shan)陰(yin)縣界(jie)(jie)(jie)一(yi)百(bai)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li);西(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)太原府(fu)(fu)(fu)岢(ke)嵐(lan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)(jie)(jie)一(yi)百(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五里(li),又(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)保德州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)界(jie)(jie)(jie)二百(bai)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li);南至(zhi)(zhi)代(dai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)崞縣界(jie)(jie)(jie)七(qi)里(li);北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)水泉(quan)營(ying)邊墻界(jie)(jie)(jie)二百(bai)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li);西(xi)(xi)(xi)南至(zhi)(zhi)忻州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)靜樂(le)縣界(jie)(jie)(jie)一(yi)百(bai)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li);東(dong)北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)朔(shuo)(shuo)平(ping)府(fu)(fu)(fu)平(ping)魯(lu)縣界(jie)(jie)(jie)二百(bai)里(li);至(zhi)(zhi)老營(ying)堡(bao)邊二百(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li);至(zhi)(zhi)朔(shuo)(shuo)平(ping)府(fu)(fu)(fu)治三(san)百(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li);至(zhi)(zhi)大(da)同(tong)府(fu)(fu)(fu)治三(san)百(bai)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li);西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)保德州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)河(he)曲縣界(jie)(jie)(jie)一(yi)百(bai)八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li),至(zhi)(zhi)老牛灣蒙古(gu)界(jie)(jie)(jie)二百(bai)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)。自(zi)府(fu)(fu)(fu)治由山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)同(tong)府(fu)(fu)(fu)經直隸宣化府(fu)(fu)(fu),入(ru)(ru)居庸關至(zhi)(zhi)京師(shi)一(yi)千四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li);由代(dai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)易州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),入(ru)(ru)紫荊關至(zhi)(zhi)京師(shi)九百(bai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)。

乾隆年(nian)間(jian)寧武府(fu)屬四縣人口(kou):

寧(ning)武府屬四縣,乾隆(long)十(shi)年(nian)分至十(shi)四年(nian),審定戶(hu)口(kou)(kou)共(gong):土著民二萬二千(qian)五百(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)戶(hu),男女共(gong)十(shi)二萬六(liu)千(qian)四百(bai)十(shi)六(liu)口(kou)(kou);大口(kou)(kou)六(liu)萬五千(qian)六(liu)百(bai)三十(shi)九(jiu),小口(kou)(kou)六(liu)萬七(qi)(qi)百(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)七(qi)(qi)。

縣倚郭

筑于(yu)(yu)(yu)成化二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1466年(nian)(nian)(nian)),初為(wei)關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),巡(xun)撫(fu)(fu)都(dou)御(yu)史李(li)侃請即古寧化軍(jun)口置關(guan)(guan),設都(dou)指揮領軍(jun)守(shou)備。乃(nai)以是(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)丁亥(hai)(1467年(nian)(nian)(nian))三(san)(san)月(yue)始(shi)事,明(ming)’年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1467年(nian)(nian)(nian))四月(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)訖,以總兵(bing)鎮(zhen)之(zhi),遂為(wei)鎮(zhen)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)踞(ju)華(hua)蓋山,因其(qi)高(gao)(gao)而(er)俯其(qi)東(dong)(dong)、南(nan)(nan)、西(xi)三(san)(san)面(mian),周四里(li)(li)許(xu),基(ji)五(wu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),面(mian)廣半之(zhi),高(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)有奇,門(men)其(qi)東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)(nan)三(san)(san)面(mian)而(er)閉其(qi)北(bei)。東(dong)(dong)門(men)曰(yue)“仁(ren)勝”,西(xi)門(men)曰(yue)“人和(he)”,南(nan)(nan)曰(yue)“迎熏(xun)”,上(shang)建重樓(lou)(lou)(lou)。(宏)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1498年(nian)(nian)(nian)),巡(xun)撫(fu)(fu)魏紳拓(tuo)廣之(zhi),周七(qi)里(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百二(er)十(shi)(shi)步(bu),增(zeng)埤五(wu)尺,加開北(bei)門(men),亦建飛樓(lou)(lou)(lou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang),名之(zhi)曰(yue)“鎮(zhen)朔(shuo)”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)狹于(yu)(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)北(bei),長于(yu)(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)西(xi),其(qi)形科橢,望(wang)(wang)之(zhi)若敷巾幅(fu)然(ran)(ran),然(ran)(ran)皆(jie)土筑。萬(歷)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1573年(nian)(nian)(nian)),巡(xun)撫(fu)(fu)趙某議包以石,益(yi)加增(zeng)高(gao)(gao),連(lian)女墻(qiang)(qiang)四丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二(er)尺,然(ran)(ran)未(wei)果(guo)。行至三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1606年(nian)(nian)(nian)),寧武(wu)道(dao)郭光復始(shi)甃(zhou)以磚(zhuan),又筑東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)關(guan)(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),皆(jie)磚(zhuan)甃(zhou),共(gong)長一(yi)(yi)(yi)千七(qi)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)尺。西(xi)關(guan)(guan)門(men)曰(yue)“永(yong)寧”,其(qi)南(nan)(nan)出(chu)者(zhe)曰(yue)“阜(fu)財”;東(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)門(men)曰(yue)“久安(an)”,其(qi)南(nan)(nan)出(chu)者(zhe)曰(yue)“解(jie)慍”,下有塹。先(xian)是(shi)萬(歷)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1574年(nian)(nian)(nian)),寧武(wu)守(shou)備某筑護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墩于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)山上(shang),方二(er)十(shi)(shi)八丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)(gao)二(er)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)為(wei)基(ji),基(ji)上(shang)為(wei)臺,臺上(shang)為(wei)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)三(san)(san)重,樓(lou)(lou)(lou)外列堞二(er)十(shi)(shi)四,登之(zhi)可眺百里(li)(li);臺下周以磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)(qiang),直(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),環廣四十(shi)(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)列垛四十(shi)(shi),屹然(ran)(ran)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)表里(li)(li),巡(xun)撫(fu)(fu)魏允貞(zhen)所使(shi)也,今樓(lou)(lou)(lou)垛以廢。國朝(chao)置府(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),因其(qi)舊寧武(wu)營在焉。乾隆六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1741年(nian)(nian)(nian)),東(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)圮,知府(fu)(fu)魏元樞重葺之(zhi)顏(yan),曰(yue)“望(wang)(wang)華(hua)”,并修(xiu)南(nan)(nan)、北(bei)二(er)角樓(lou)(lou)(lou)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)接鳳(feng)凰山,寧武(wu)人又呼為(wei)“鳳(feng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。

社稷壇:在南(nan)關河外,雍正三年(nian)(1725年(nian))建。壇廣二丈五尺(chi),高(gao)二尺(chi)一寸,陛(bi),東(dong)、南(nan)、西各(ge)三級,無(wu)封樹。

風云雷(lei)雨山(shan)川壇(tan)(tan):在(zai)北關山(shan)坳,雍正三(san)年建。壇(tan)(tan)基、高、廣與社稷壇(tan)(tan)同,無封樹。

先農壇:在郡(jun)東門(men)外,教場東北(bei)。雍正五(wu)年(1727年),署寧武令、太原府(fu)西糧(liang)同知董泗(si)儒奉文建。壇制與山川、社稷同。大殿五(wu)間(jian)(jian),門(men)樓(lou)一座,左右角(jiao)門(men)二,農器庫(ku)二間(jian)(jian),官(guan)廳二間(jian)(jian),壇旁地四(si)畝九分(fen)以(yi)為田,季春亥(hai)日,郡(jun)、縣官(guan)九,推行(xing)事如(ru)制。

八蠟廟:在府(fu)東關外。

厲壇:在郡西關。

城隍廟:在(zai)府治西北,華蓋山之陽。

寧武府學

在(zai)府治西(xi)北城之(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang),繚以(yi)周垣(yuan),外為(wei)大門(men)(men),門(men)(men)外樹(shu)以(yi)屏壁,夾(jia)以(yi)兩坊。自(zi)大門(men)(men)入,為(wei)泮池(chi),池(chi)上有橋(qiao),橋(qiao)南(nan)為(wei)欞星(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)(men),凡(fan)三(san)間(jian)(jian)。入欞星(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)為(wei)戟門(men)(men),入自(zi)戟門(men)(men)為(wei)大成殿,殿五(wu)(wu)楹,左右為(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩廡(wu),廡(wu)各五(wu)(wu)楹;其(qi)戟門(men)(men)傍東(dong)(dong)西(xi)角門(men)(men)各一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)。名宦祠在(zai)戟門(men)(men)左,鄉賢(xian)祠在(zai)戟門(men)(men)右,各凡(fan)三(san)楹。齋宿房(fang)在(zai)欞星(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)內(nei)左,省牲(sheng)所(suo)在(zai)欞星(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)內(nei)右,各凡(fan)三(san)楹。明倫堂在(zai)大成殿后,堂左右齋房(fang)各三(san)間(jian)(jian);崇圣祠三(san)楹,在(zai)明倫堂東(dong)(dong);其(qi)在(zai)崇圣祠南(nan),欞星(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)者,為(wei)魁星(xing)(xing)(xing)樓。學(xue)(xue)建于雍(yong)正五(wu)(wu)年(1757年)三(san)月(yue),唯尊(zun)經(jing)堂未(wei)及(ji)構云。寧武(wu)府儒學(xue)(xue)教授一(yi)(yi)人,訓導一(yi)(yi)人,署在(zai)文(wen)廟西(xi)偏。講(jiang)堂三(san)間(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)門(men)(men)斗、班房(fang)各一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)。教授宅門(men)(men)樓一(yi)(yi)座,住房(fang)三(san)間(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)配房(fang)各一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)。訓導宅如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)外為(wei)大門(men)(men)。學(xue)(xue)中所(suo)貯書(shu):《十三(san)經(jing)注疏》一(yi)(yi)部(bu),通一(yi)(yi)百二(er)十本,為(wei)函(han)十二(er);《二(er)十一(yi)(yi)史(shi)》一(yi)(yi)部(bu),通五(wu)(wu)百本,為(wei)函(han)五(wu)(wu)十;《明史(shi)》一(yi)(yi)部(bu),通百十二(er)本,為(wei)函(han)十二(er)。先是經(jing)史(shi)皆(jie)買于布政司,而使(shi)(shi)郡(jun)縣(xian)學(xue)(xue)領(ling)焉。獨(du)寧武(wu)府學(xue)(xue),以(yi)無(wu)尊(zun)經(jing)閣(ge),與(yu)禮部(bu)例(li)不(bu)相(xiang)比(bi),且不(bu)得(de)領(ling)。時永平魏侯(hou)元樞知郡(jun)事,乃(nai)與(yu)寧武(wu)令(ling)施作楫、神(shen)池(chi)令(ling)李識(shi)蒙、五(wu)(wu)寨令(ling)劉(liu)耀(yao)珪,共捐俸銀輸官以(yi)當書(shu)值,遂得(de)領(ling)歸。郡(jun)學(xue)(xue)與(yu)舊所(suo)有:《周易(yi)折中》、《書(shu)》、《詩》、《春(chun)秋三(san)經(jing)傳》;說若(ruo)《朱子(zi)全(quan)書(shu)》、《康熙字(zi)典》、《康濟(ji)錄》、《急公自(zi)愛書(shu)》、《四書(shu)講(jiang)義(yi)》、《學(xue)(xue)政全(quan)書(shu)》等(deng),凡(fan)十部(bu),使(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)廣文(wen)掌藏之(zhi)(zhi)。

寧化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):宋嘉祐六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1061年(nian)(nian)(nian)),以河西西夏人往來隘(ai)口,乃立(li)寧化(hua)(hua)軍(jun),因(yin)隋汾陽宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之舊(jiu)址,廓(kuo)而筑之,金(jin)、元因(yin)之。明洪武(wu)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1369年(nian)(nian)(nian))設寧化(hua)(hua)巡檢(jian)司,山(shan)西都指揮使(shi)常守道帥官軍(jun)來屯,將舊(jiu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)六(liu)(liu)里二百(bai)七(qi)十(shi)步(bu)、南邊關廂裁去,于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東山(shan)坡上,隨(sui)地形勢筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二里一百(bai)九十(shi)七(qi)步(bu),未完(wan)調去。五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1372年(nian)(nian)(nian)),延安(an)侯(hou)唐宗勝、千戶唐成繼成其功(gong),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高三丈一尺(chi),壕(hao)深一丈,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓六(liu)(liu)座。十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1378年(nian)(nian)(nian)),改(gai)巡檢(jian)為寧化(hua)(hua)守御(yu)千戶所,隸(li)山(shan)西都司。嘉靖中(zhong),改(gai)隸(li)寧武(wu)。至萬(歷)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1586年(nian)(nian)(nian)),甃土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以磚,當改(gai)寧化(hua)(hua)所,時設掌印千戶、巡捕、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)操吏(li)目各(ge)一。中(zhong)有(you)靜樂倉,今仍為寧化(hua)(hua)巡檢(jian)司。

本(ben)路參將設于嘉靖二(er)十七年(nian),駐(zhu)扎(zha)利(li)(li)民,所(suo)轄寧(ning)武、盤道梁(liang)、神(shen)(shen)池、利(li)(li)民、八角(jiao)、寧(ning)化、長(chang)林、陽方(fang)八城堡,凡屬守(shou)備(bei)五(wu),防守(shou)二(er),千(qian)戶所(suo)者三,分管內邊(bian)東起廣(guang)武界(jie)神(shen)(shen)樹(shu)梁(liang),西盡老(lao)營界(jie)地椒峁,沿長(chang)二(er)百九里零四十丈,邊(bian)墩一(yi)百二(er)十四座,火(huo)路墩一(yi)百二(er)十一(yi)座。邊(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內外(wai)續(xu)設小蓮花(hua)、夾柳樹(shu)、燕(yan)兒水、雕窩梁(liang)、玄岡口(kou)、朔寧(ning)、狗兒澗、圪(土老(lao))罐(guan)、石湖(hu)嶺、西溝(gou)口(kou)、得(de)勝、勒馬(ma)溝(gou)、蔣家峪(yu)、乾柴溝(gou)、野豬溝(gou)一(yi)十五(wu)堡以(yi)為犄(ji)角(jiao)。兵(bing)馬(ma)除軍門標下兩掖營散(san)兵(bing)及標正(zheng)二(er)營外(wai),闔路見在官(guan)軍九千(qian)八百八十七員名(ming),馬(ma)騾(luo)(luo)三千(qian)七百七十匹(pi)頭,內援兵(bing)官(guan)軍二(er)千(qian)六百四十五(wu)員名(ming),馬(ma)騾(luo)(luo)二(er)千(qian)三百九匹(pi)頭。本(ben)路東西援雁、平、偏老(lao),北(bei)控三云,南(nan)藩全晉,蓋山西鎮(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要害也(ye)。嘉隆間頻(pin)遭虜患,故于沖(chong)緊(jin)各處續(xu)添(tian)前項小堡,分兵(bing)據守(shou)以(yi)扼虜沖(chong)。款(kuan)后烽火(huo)不(bu)警,干(gan)戈載(zai)戢,軍民幸帖枕(zhen)席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安。顧款(kuan)久(jiu)則弛(chi),兵(bing)驕則玩(wan),乘此閃暇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,正(zheng)當圖綢繆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計,一(yi)切詰(jie)兵(bing)儲餉,未可以(yi)款(kuan)事(shi)而遽忽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。

寧文堡

本城(cheng)舊筑(zhu)(zhu)小土(tu)堡(bao)(bao)于今城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)西,是(shi)為(wei)(wei)寧文堡(bao)(bao)。景泰元年(nian)筑(zhu)(zhu)寧武(wu)土(tu)城(cheng),成(cheng)化間展(zhan)修之(zhi)(zhi),隆慶四(si)年(nian)始(shi)議磚石包砌焉(yan),周(zhou)七里零二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)六步(bu),高連女墻四(si)丈(zhang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尺。萬(wan)歷二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)添筑(zhu)(zhu)西關(guan)土(tu)堡(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo),周(zhou)四(si)百六丈(zhang)三(san)尺,二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)又(you)建東關(guan)土(tu)堡(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo),周(zhou)五(wu)(wu)百八十(shi)(shi)六丈(zhang)九(jiu)尺,俱高三(san)丈(zhang)五(wu)(wu)尺。初(chu)設(she)(she)(she)守備(bei)一(yi)(yi)員(yuan),弘(hong)治十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)添設(she)(she)(she)守御(yu)千(qian)戶所,嘉(jia)靖二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)移偏頭關(guan),副總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)鎮守于此,添正兵(bing)(bing)(bing),坐營標(biao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),守備(bei)各一(yi)(yi)員(yuan),三(san)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)設(she)(she)(she)寧武(wu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)備(bei)道(dao)及(ji)管(guan)糧通判(pan),建學立(li)倉,規制大備(bei),屹然稱(cheng)雄鎮矣。見(jian)在(zai)官軍標(biao),正營六千(qian)一(yi)(yi)百三(san)十(shi)(shi)四(si)員(yuan)名(ming),馬騾五(wu)(wu)千(qian)九(jiu)百三(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)匹(pi)頭,守備(bei)所領并寧武(wu)所二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)千(qian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)六員(yuan)名(ming),馬騾三(san)百五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)匹(pi)頭。分管(guan)內邊沿長四(si)十(shi)(shi)里零四(si)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)丈(zhang),邊墩五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)座(zuo),火路(lu)墩二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)座(zuo),與所轄朔寧,陽(yang)方,狗兒三(san)堡(bao)(bao)防守把總畫地(di)守之(zhi)(zhi)。內陽(yang)方并西溝口,苦參窊等處皆虜馬經涉之(zhi)(zhi)處,嘉(jia)靖十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)大舉二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)次,皆由此入搶(qiang)至(zhi)忻州(zhou),崞縣(xian),地(di)方大遭荼毒。故設(she)(she)(she)總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)據(ju)險扼吭(hang),統重(zhong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)以彈壓之(zhi)(zhi)。無事則居中調度,有虎豹在(zai)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)勢,遇警則隨在(zai)策應,無豺狼(lang)嗥野之(zhi)(zhi)虞。三(san)關(guan)保障胥有賴焉(yan),非止(zhi)寧武(wu)一(yi)(yi)隅已也。惟是(shi)地(di)當孤懸,兵(bing)(bing)(bing)鮮(xian)土(tu)著(zhu),總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)所統標(biao)、正各兵(bing)(bing)(bing)雖多驍健(jian),然半(ban)系四(si)方烏合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong),驕悍素號難(nan)制,駕(jia)馭頗(po)費(fei)調停(ting)。惟在(zai)大將平日(ri)威愛并濟,鼓(gu)舞有方,使(shi)烏合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)人心(xin)樂為(wei)(wei)我用,臨時調發(fa)應敵,以之(zhi)(zhi)克捷不難(nan)矣。至(zhi)一(yi)(yi)切兵(bing)(bing)(bing)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)計,鎮道(dao)同心(xin),謀必萬(wan)全云。

陽方堡

本堡(bao)于(yu)嘉靖于(yu)十八(ba)年土筑,萬(wan)歷四年磚包(bao),周(zhou)二里(li)零八(ba)十步,高(gao)三(san)丈五(wu)尺.設防守一(yi)員分領守備(bei)營及改(gai)撥見在旗(qi)軍三(san)百(bai)四十九名,管邊一(yi)十三(san)里(li)零一(yi)百(bai)五(wu)十步,邊墩三(san)十座,內西水口,苦參窊二處極(ji)沖(chong),通大(da)虜(lu)(lu).本堡(bao)雖離虜(lu)(lu)巢稍遠,實為三(san)關(guan)屏翰,寧武要沖(chong).議者謂(wei)虜(lu)(lu)犯大(da)同,大(da)將當提兵(bing)移駐于(yu)此,一(yi)以擁(yong)護(hu)雁(yan)門(men)而(er)(er)虜(lu)(lu)不(bu)敢東視,一(yi)以策(ce)應偏,利(li)而(er)(er)虜(lu)(lu)不(bu)敢西下,朔,云且藉以聲援而(er)(er)虜(lu)(lu)不(bu)敢外住蹂躪矣.蓋門(men)戶鞏(gong)固,則堂奧自安(an),此最得肯綮云.

寧化城

本(ben)城(cheng)洪武十二年(nian)(nian)土筑,萬歷十年(nian)(nian)磚包,周三(san)里(li)零二百一(yi)十二步,高三(san)丈三(san)尺.設守(shou)御千(qian)戶所,掌印巡(xun)捕,城(cheng)操各一(yi)員(yuan)(yuan),所領見在官軍(jun)七百四十員(yuan)(yuan)名(ming),火路(lu)墩九座.本(ben)城(cheng)地近(jin)腹里(li),雖非沖劇,然支鍋石,小(xiao)嶺兒(er)虜騎(qi)可通,亦屬(shu)要害,嘉靖間(jian)曾兩經入犯,地方頗遭花毒.必須防守(shou)嚴密,庶可保障(zhang)無恐(kong),甚勿以近(jin)腹而少忽之.

盤道梁堡

本(ben)堡(bao)新(xin)舊磚(zhuan)城二(er)(er)(er)座(zuo),一土(tu)建于嘉靖三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian),萬歷(li)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)磚(zhuan)包(bao),今在(zai)邊外,二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)因地勢低洼,改移新(xin)城于邊內(nei)(nei),周一里(li)零(ling)(ling)(ling)一百(bai)四(si)步(bu),高三(san)丈五尺.初設防守,繼(ji)改操守,二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)始設守備,先屬(shu)雁平,后改寧武,所領見(jian)在(zai)官軍(jun)七百(bai)三(san)員名,馬騾一百(bai)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)匹頭(tou).分管(guan)內(nei)(nei)邊沿長四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)里(li)零(ling)(ling)(ling)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)丈,內(nei)(nei)磚(zhuan)石包(bao)砌三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五里(li),靠山(shan)鏟削(xue)一十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)里(li)零(ling)(ling)(ling)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)丈,邊墩二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六座(zuo),火路(lu)墩二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)座(zuo),與所轄小蓮(lian)花(hua),惡化柳(liu)樹(shu),燕兒水(shui),雕窩梁,玄(xuan)岡(gang)口五堡(bao)防守畫地守之.本(ben)堡(bao)坐落山(shan)巔,汲水(shui)外溝,土(tu)脈(mo)砂松(song),墻(qiang)垣易圯.且邊長兵寡,分布為(wei)難(nan),極沖凡一十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)處,嘉靖間大虜(lu)(lu)(lu)兩次內(nei)(nei)犯(fan)忻州(zhou)等處,俱由此(ci)出入.內(nei)(nei)火燒梁駱(luo)駝梁,金家嘴舊有邊壕,今宜(yi)挑浚(jun),雕窩梁山(shan)徑可通虜(lu)(lu)(lu)馬,今宜(yi)阻塞.其燕兒水(shui)之臥羊坡(po)尤虜(lu)(lu)(lu)屯牧之處,相(xiang)連漫(man)坡(po),易于馳突.若(ruo)修墻(qiang)臺,浚(jun)壕塹以遏其入,庶可免(mian)侵軼之患,此(ci)在(zai)守土(tu)者(zhe)所當加之意耳.

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《寧武(wu)關》,傳(chuan)統戲曲(qu)曲(qu)目,事見《鐵(tie)冠(guan)圖》傳(chuan)奇(qi)。

《寧武關》,京劇(ju)又名《別母亂箭》、《一門忠烈》,該劇(ju)早年曾為余(yu)叔巖、言菊朋(peng)的代表劇(ju)目,因(yin)世人(ren)對該劇(ju)主題(ti)及人(ren)物褒貶(bian)各異,故不(bu)常演以至今已失傳。

故事大意:明末,李自(zi)成率部攻打(da)寧(ning)武關,守(shou)將周(zhou)遇(yu)(yu)吉固(gu)守(shou),終(zhong)難抵擋。周(zhou)遇(yu)(yu)吉突圍探母(mu)(mu),欲(yu)保護老母(mu)(mu)及(ji)妻(qi)兒等逃離,周(zhou)母(mu)(mu)誓(shi)與城池(chi)共存,令其再戰(zhan)。李自(zi)成兵逼城關,周(zhou)母(mu)(mu)令媳、孫(sun)自(zi)殺(sha),然后放火(huo)自(zi)焚。周(zhou)遇(yu)(yu)吉力(li)抗(kang)義軍,被亂箭射(she)傷,后自(zi)刎身亡。

此劇為京劇、昆曲文武(wu)(wu)老生傳統(tong)戲之一(yi),全劇通(tong)唱曲牌(pai),亦文亦武(wu)(wu),在別母、中(zhong)箭、殉城等場次中(zhong),有繁難的(de)身段(duan)表演及(ji)曲牌(pai)演唱。川劇、湘劇、桂劇、秦(qin)腔、同州梆子(zi)、河北梆子(zi)均有此劇目,徽劇名《別母亂箭》。

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