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萬里長城-寧武關
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寧武關是一個景點。它是為晉北古樓煩(古部落名)地。戰國時,趙武靈王曾在此置樓煩關,以防匈奴。寧武,秦漢為樓煩縣地,置有樓煩關,今縣南的寧化村,即為樓煩關南口,縣北的陽方口,即為樓煩關北口。北魏時廣寧、神武二郡先后治此,隋時先后屬崞縣、靜樂縣。唐置寧武郡,始用寧武之稱,取廣寧、神武二郡尾字而得。或說其地有舊寧文堡,取文武對應之義,因有此稱。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 山(shan)西省忻州市寧武縣人民(min)大街12號附(fu)近
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附近有 1 個景點: 山西管涔山國家森林公園(2km)   
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基本介紹

寧武(wu)關(guan)是三(san)(san)關(guan)鎮守(shou)總兵駐所所在(zai)地。關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建(jian)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)景泰元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1450年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),在(zai)明(ming)(ming)成(cheng)化、正(zheng)(zheng)德(de)、隆慶年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),均有修繕。關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雄踞于(yu)(yu)恒山(shan)余(yu)脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)華(hua)蓋山(shan)之(zhi)上,臨恢河,俯瞰東、西(xi)(xi)(xi)、南(nan)三(san)(san)面,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)2公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),開東、西(xi)(xi)(xi)、南(nan)三(san)(san)門。成(cheng)化二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1466年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))增修之(zhi)后,關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)約2公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li),基(ji)寬15米,頂(ding)寬7.5米,墻(qiang)高約10米,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東、西(xi)(xi)(xi)、南(nan)三(san)(san)面開門。成(cheng)化十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1479年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),由(you)(you)巡撫魏紳(shen)主持,拓(tuo)廣關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)3500多米,加(jia)辟(pi)北(bei)(bei)門,建(jian)飛樓(lou)(lou)于(yu)(yu)其上,起名為鎮朔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)較狹,東西(xi)(xi)(xi)為長(chang),關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)七(qi)里(li)(li)(li),呈長(chang)方(fang)形,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高大堅固,四周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)炮(pao)臺、敵樓(lou)(lou)星羅棋布。到弘治(zhi)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1498年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又被擴展(zhan)為周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)約3.5公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)增高了(le)(le)(le)1.5米,并加(jia)開了(le)(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)門,不過這時的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)仍(reng)為黃土夯(hang)筑,磚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)是萬(wan)(wan)歷三(san)(san)十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1606年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))包(bao)砌(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。萬(wan)(wan)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),在(zai)全部(bu)用青磚包(bao)砌(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時,還修建(jian)了(le)(le)(le)東西(xi)(xi)(xi)2座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門樓(lou)(lou),在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)華(hua)蓋山(shan)頂(ding)修筑了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)座(zuo)巍峨聳峙的(de)(de)(de)(de)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墩,墩上筑有一(yi)座(zuo)三(san)(san)層重樓(lou)(lou),名為華(hua)蓋樓(lou)(lou)。關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不僅與內長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相連,而且在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)還修筑了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)條長(chang)達二(er)十公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)邊墻(qiang)。寧武(wu)據鳳(feng)凰山(shan)之(zhi)北(bei)(bei),傳說由(you)(you)鳳(feng)凰所變,故有“鳳(feng)凰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”之(zhi)稱(cheng),遇(yu)敵侵犯可神奇地飛走。但見城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池猶如鳳(feng)身(shen),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)華(hua)蓋山(shan)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墩酷似鳳(feng)首,東西(xi)(xi)(xi)延伸的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩堡儼然鳳(feng)翅,南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)迎薰樓(lou)(lou),正(zheng)(zheng)如高翹的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳳(feng)尾。雄居城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)鼓樓(lou)(lou),堪稱(cheng)鳳(feng)凰的(de)(de)(de)(de)心臟,使人產生(sheng)美妙的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯想(xiang)。萬(wan)(wan)歷末年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),增高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang),加(jia)以磚包(bao),關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)更為堅固雄壯。

當時(shi)為(wei)了抵御蒙(meng)古(gu)的(de)進攻,在北方不斷設(she)險置關(guan)(guan)、修(xiu)筑防線,形(xing)成了外(wai)邊(bian)(bian)與(yu)內(nei)邊(bian)(bian)。而內(nei)邊(bian)(bian)者,就是指西(xi)起(qi)山西(xi)偏關(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian),經(jing)神池、寧武(wu)、代縣(xian)(xian)、朔(shuo)(shuo)縣(xian)(xian)、河北蔚縣(xian)(xian)等(deng)地,抵河北延慶縣(xian)(xian)的(de)內(nei)線長城(cheng),蜿蜒1000多公里(li)。在這條防線上,創關(guan)(guan)設(she)堡,駐(zhu)守軍隊(dui)。在河北境(jing)內(nei)者,沿線設(she)紫荊(jing)、倒馬、居庸三關(guan)(guan),稱為(wei)內(nei)三關(guan)(guan)。在山西(xi)境(jing)內(nei),設(she)偏頭、寧武(wu)、雁(yan)門三關(guan)(guan),稱為(wei)外(wai)三關(guan)(guan)。外(wai)三關(guan)(guan)之(zhi)中(zhong),偏頭為(wei)極(ji)邊(bian)(bian),雁(yan)門為(wei)沖要,而寧武(wu)介二關(guan)(guan)之(zhi)中(zhong),控扼(e)內(nei)邊(bian)(bian)之(zhi)首,形(xing)勢尤為(wei)重(zhong)要。故(gu)《邊(bian)(bian)防考》上說:“以(yi)(yi)重(zhong)兵駐(zhu)此,東可以(yi)(yi)衛(wei)雁(yan)門,西(xi)可以(yi)(yi)援偏關(guan)(guan),北可以(yi)(yi)應云(yun)朔(shuo)(shuo),蓋地利得勢。”

寧武(wu)(wu)關是三(san)關中歷代戰爭(zheng)最為(wei)頻(pin)繁的(de)(de)關口。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)北方游(you)牧(mu)民(min)族(zu)南(nan)下,必經三(san)關。偏關由于(yu)有(you)黃(huang)河作(zuo)為(wei)天(tian)險(xian),只(zhi)有(you)冬季匈奴的(de)(de)騎兵才可以踏(ta)冰而過,而雁門(men)以山(shan)為(wei)天(tian)險(xian),騎兵難(nan)以突破。寧武(wu)(wu)關所(suo)靠(kao)的(de)(de)恢河是季節性河流,在(zai)(zai)恢河斷流的(de)(de)季節,匈奴騎兵就沿河谷(gu)揮師南(nan)進,直抵關下,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)恢河河谷(gu)可容“十騎并(bing)進”,所(suo)以大(da)多數時(shi)(shi)候,寧武(wu)(wu)關成為(wei)游(you)牧(mu)民(min)族(zu)和農耕民(min)族(zu)交戰的(de)(de)主要戰場(chang)。歷史上因鮮卑、突厥(jue)、契丹、蒙(meng)古等游(you)牧(mu)民(min)族(zu)南(nan)下掠擄(lu),經常選擇寧武(wu)(wu)關為(wei)突破口,所(suo)以在(zai)(zai)很多歷史時(shi)(shi)期,這(zhe)里的(de)(de)戰爭(zheng)幾乎(hu)連年(nian)不(bu)斷。在(zai)(zai)寧武(wu)(wu)關千百年(nian)來的(de)(de)戰爭(zheng)紀錄中,最后(hou)一場(chang)大(da)仗發生在(zai)(zai)明(ming)末崇禎年(nian)間。

當(dang)(dang)北(bei)同(tong)蒲鐵路(lu)線(xian)上(shang)北(bei)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)列車像一(yi)條巨龍一(yi)樣,由煤鄉軒崗西(xi)北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)崇(chong)山(shan)(shan)峻(jun)嶺中(zhong)穿越(yue)而過之(zhi)后,眼前,一(yi)座(zuo)現代化的(de)(de)(de)(de)小城(cheng)(cheng)便(bian)出(chu)現在(zai)鐵路(lu)線(xian)西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)河谷(gu)中(zhong),這就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)古代的(de)(de)(de)(de)晉北(bei)重鎮——寧武(wu)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)所在(zai)地(di)(di)。寧武(wu)關故址(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)今山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省寧武(wu)縣城(cheng)(cheng),當(dang)(dang)呂梁山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)北(bei)支(zhi)蘆芽山(shan)(shan)和云中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)交會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)谷(gu)口(kou)。谷(gu)口(kou)寬廣,敞向北(bei)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朔縣盆(pen)地(di)(di)。三面(mian)環(huan)山(shan)(shan),北(bei)倚內長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng),深居(ju)于(yu)(yu)四面(mian)屏蔽的(de)(de)(de)(de)腹地(di)(di),形勢(shi)穩固,易守難(nan)攻(gong)。這里處于(yu)(yu)大同(tong)、朔縣聯合盆(pen)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)緣(yuan),地(di)(di)形高亢(kang)。山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省內兩條大河桑(sang)干河和汾河即源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)此,分流南(nan)北(bei)。東西(xi)兩面(mian)又有(you)滹沱(tuo)河、黃河的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)流由此流出(chu)。因此,這里雖是(shi)山(shan)(shan)區(qu),卻具路(lu)通(tong)四方之(zhi)利,交通(tong)方便(bian)。由此北(bei)上(shang)可到(dao)大同(tong),南(nan)下(xia)可達太原。

寧(ning)武關(guan),在今寧(ning)武縣城(cheng)區。始建于明代中期,為(wei)萬里(li)長城(cheng)上的重要關(guan)隘,地(di)勢險要,因(yin)其地(di)處“三關(guan)”中路,素有(you)“北屏大同,南扼太原,西應偏關(guan),東援雁門”的戰略(lve)作用。

歷史沿革

明代(dai)在(zai)中國(guo)(guo)歷史(shi)上是(shi)(shi)一個很(hen)難用(yong)一句話概括(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)朝(chao)(chao)代(dai)。從推翻元朝(chao)(chao)開(kai)始(shi),明朝(chao)(chao)就不斷(duan)與北(bei)方少數民族征戰(zhan)(zhan)。先是(shi)(shi)蒙古(gu),最后亡(wang)于清。朱元璋建國(guo)(guo)之初(chu),深知國(guo)(guo)力衰(shuai)弱,而(er)又沒能(neng)將“大元”殘(can)余勢力掃清。于是(shi)(shi)派遣朱棣駐北(bei),從戰(zhan)(zhan)略上來說就是(shi)(shi)遏制蒙古(gu)入侵。而(er)燕王(wang)征南之后,可能(neng)源于奪(duo)了侄(zhi)子帝位而(er)愧對(dui)祖先,于是(shi)(shi)遷(qian)都北(bei)京(jing)。然(ran)而(er)這個遷(qian)都的(de)(de)(de)舉動,卻將大明王(wang)朝(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)中心近(jin)距離地展(zhan)現在(zai)蒙古(gu)面前。于是(shi)(shi)朱棣在(zai)永樂十年以(yi)后開(kai)始(shi)北(bei)征。五次(ci)北(bei)征之后,除(chu)前兩次(ci)有所斬獲外(wai),其(qi)余多(duo)為勞民傷(shang)財(cai),使得剛(gang)剛(gang)恢復的(de)(de)(de)經濟又背(bei)上了沉重的(de)(de)(de)包袱,為后世子孫留下了長(chang)久不息的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭隱患。

明憲(xian)宗朱見深是朱棣之后明代(dai)不多幾個有(you)些作為的(de)(de)(de)(de)皇帝(di)(di)之一。在(zai)(zai)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)代(dai)建(jian)立寧武關(guan)其實是有(you)特(te)殊含(han)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)。明憲(xian)宗的(de)(de)(de)(de)父(fu)親(qin)就(jiu)是創造被生(sheng)擒“奇(qi)跡”的(de)(de)(de)(de)魯莽皇帝(di)(di)明英(ying)(ying)宗。在(zai)(zai)明英(ying)(ying)宗時,當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙古在(zai)(zai)漠北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勢力已經(jing)一分為二,瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)剌與韃(da)靼,瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)剌強大了起來,并不斷騷(sao)擾明朝(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)邊。太監王振(zhen)鼓動英(ying)(ying)宗對(dui)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)剌御(yu)駕親(qin)征,但是準備不足(zu),糧餉(xiang)接濟(ji)不足(zu),前線屢(lv)屢(lv)失(shi)(shi)敗。形勢不好,英(ying)(ying)宗撤軍,在(zai)(zai)懷來城外的(de)(de)(de)(de)土木堡被包圍。全(quan)軍覆(fu)沒,英(ying)(ying)宗被俘(fu)。為了避免被瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)剌威脅,在(zai)(zai)大臣于謙的(de)(de)(de)(de)倡議下立英(ying)(ying)宗弟弟朱祁鈺為帝(di)(di),年(nian)號景(jing)泰。隨后朱見深太子位置被廢。“奪(duo)門(men)之變”后,他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太子之位也失(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)復(fu)得。然而(er)(er)這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)歷,使他(ta)精(jing)神壓力非常大,朱見深繼位的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)二年(nian)改年(nian)號為“成(cheng)化”,而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)化三年(nian)就(jiu)建(jian)立寧武關(guan),希望明王朝(chao)(chao)(chao)不要重蹈覆(fu)轍,防患于未(wei)然。在(zai)(zai)此之后,寧武關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防御(yu)功能被發揮到淋(lin)漓盡致,有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擋住了蒙古的(de)(de)(de)(de)入侵(qin)。

明(ming)正德八年(1513)蒙(meng)古(gu)騎(qi)兵從(cong)大(da)同(tong)南(nan)下,進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan),企圖由此進(jin)(jin)入(ru)晉(jin)中。守關(guan)官兵奮(fen)起抵(di)抗,打敗蒙(meng)古(gu)兵,保(bao)衛了晉(jin)中的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)創設(she)、加固以及沿關(guan)防(fang)戍的(de)(de)(de)修筑,將(jiang)偏頭(tou)、雁門、寧(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)三關(guan)連為一線,有效地加強(qiang)了明(ming)朝(chao)北部邊防(fang),在相當時(shi)期內,保(bao)障了三晉(jin)人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。

當時關防(fang)的(de)(de)(de)設置,不僅有警邊御(yu)敵的(de)(de)(de)意圖(tu),同時也有防(fang)止和(he)鎮壓國(guo)內(nei)反抗的(de)(de)(de)意圖(tu)。由(you)于(yu)前(qian)幾任皇(huang)帝(di)的(de)(de)(de)橫征暴(bao)斂,以(yi)及對(dui)于(yu)蒙古的(de)(de)(de)多次用兵,到(dao)了崇禎皇(huang)帝(di)期間,國(guo)庫空虛(xu)。而此時蒙古勢力逐(zhu)漸弱小,滿洲勢力大增。為取得戰(zhan)(zhan)爭勝(sheng)利(li),崇禎皇(huang)帝(di)加征兵餉(xiang)。朝廷征一分(fen),官員(yuan)征十分(fen)。在(zai)朝野腐敗的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下,激(ji)起(qi)了民變,李自成從(cong)陜北(bei)(bei)起(qi)義。在(zai)對(dui)大明(ming)朝的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭中(zhong),寧武一戰(zhan)(zhan)非常慘烈。寧武破則北(bei)(bei)京危險。因此在(zai)此戰(zhan)(zhan)上,雙方(fang)都拼盡(jin)全(quan)力。明(ming)末(mo)這(zhe)里曾發(fa)生過一場極其(qi)重要的(de)(de)(de)大戰(zhan)(zhan)。但攻關的(de)(de)(de)卻不是來自北(bei)(bei)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)入侵(qin),而是來自后方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)攻擊。

當明末(mo)農民(min)(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)暴(bao)席卷陜、晉大(da)(da)地(di)時(shi),寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)又(you)成為(wei)抵御李(li)自(zi)(zi)成農民(min)(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)軍(jun)北上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堡壘。公元(yuan)1644年初,李(li)自(zi)(zi)成在(zai)(zai)(zai)西安稱(cheng)王(wang)后(hou),隨(sui)即率(lv)大(da)(da)軍(jun)北渡黃河,取道山(shan)西進行北伐。起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)軍(jun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路勢如(ru)破(po)(po)竹,很(hen)快便攻(gong)(gong)(gong)占(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)太(tai)原。當向北攻(gong)(gong)(gong)克雁(yan)門關(guan)(guan)準備攻(gong)(gong)(gong)擊(ji)大(da)(da)同時(shi),發現(xian)明軍(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)聚集了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)批軍(jun)隊,有(you)(you)側擊(ji)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企圖。當時(shi)李(li)自(zi)(zi)成由(you)于曾(ceng)經(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)羅(luo)城(cheng)吃過周遇吉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敗(bai)仗,認(ren)為(wei)他是一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊硬骨頭,是有(you)(you)些害怕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)準備放棄攻(gong)(gong)(gong)打寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan),繞城(cheng)而(er)走,直取大(da)(da)同,盡快攻(gong)(gong)(gong)擊(ji)北京(jing)(jing)皇城(cheng),然后(hou)再攻(gong)(gong)(gong)擊(ji)無援的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)。后(hou)來(lai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)軍(jun)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勸說(shuo)(shuo)下(xia),以(yi)及寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)三關(guan)(guan)中相互策應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要位(wei)置,李(li)自(zi)(zi)又(you)返身(shen)南下(xia),奮戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)七(qi)晝(zhou)(zhou)夜(ye)以(yi)慘重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)價(jia)擊(ji)敗(bai)鎮守(shou)雁(yan)門關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三關(guan)(guan)總兵周遇吉,為(wei)奪取北京(jing)(jing)掃清了(le)(le)(le)障礙。如(ru)今在(zai)(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)恢河東(dong)岸,仍有(you)(you)周遇吉之(zhi)(zhi)墓,為(wei)磚(zhuan)石(shi)所筑。這一(yi)(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)整整打了(le)(le)(le)七(qi)個(ge)晝(zhou)(zhou)夜(ye),起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)軍(jun)經(jing)血戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)最終破(po)(po)城(cheng)全(quan)殲了(le)(le)(le)守(shou)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明軍(jun),但打的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卻十(shi)分艱(jian)苦(ku)。這一(yi)(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)充分見證了(le)(le)(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)險(xian)(xian)要和堅固。也(ye)(ye)(ye)正是因為(wei)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),堅定了(le)(le)(le)崇禎誓(shi)不(bu)(bu)南遷(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決心。他認(ren)為(wei)憑借(jie)層層險(xian)(xian)關(guan)(guan)足可阻擋起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)勢,可從容等待各路勤王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)來(lai)。但他怎么也(ye)(ye)(ye)想(xiang)不(bu)(bu)到(dao),自(zi)(zi)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),大(da)(da)同、宣(xuan)化(hua)、居(ju)庸(yong)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三處守(shou)軍(jun),以(yi)及調去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)援軍(jun),竟(jing)(jing)然全(quan)部不(bu)(bu)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)而(er)降。層層險(xian)(xian)關(guan)(guan)要塞全(quan)成了(le)(le)(le)擺設,致使(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)軍(jun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)路長驅直入(ru),迅(xun)速包圍(wei)了(le)(le)(le)北京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)那(nei)場勢如(ru)破(po)(po)竹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農民(min)(min)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)中,農民(min)(min)軍(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)竟(jing)(jing)然苦(ku)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)七(qi)晝(zhou)(zhou)夜(ye),付出了(le)(le)(le)慘重代(dai)價(jia),以(yi)至于到(dao)處開(kai)倉放糧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)李(li)自(zi)(zi)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)怒之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)火(huo)燒寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan),說(shuo)(shuo)明了(le)(le)(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅固與險(xian)(xian)要,如(ru)此慘烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭也(ye)(ye)(ye)說(shuo)(shuo)明了(le)(le)(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)軍(jun)事地(di)理位(wei)置上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要作用,寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)因此聞名天下(xia)。寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)關(guan)(guan)見證明王(wang)朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衰敗(bai),其實某(mou)種程(cheng)度上不(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)說(shuo)(shuo)明:真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)口不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)外(wai)形(xing),而(er)更(geng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人心。

在(zai)(zai)現代戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong),寧(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也是戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)。抗日(ri)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)時期,寧(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為晉(jin)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)抗日(ri)根(gen)據地(di)(di)(di)的(de)一部分(fen)。1938年(nian)(nian),日(ri)偽軍(jun)一萬余人(ren)分(fen)四路(lu)(lu)(lu)圍攻(gong)晉(jin)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)根(gen)據地(di)(di)(di),并占(zhan)領了(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等七縣城(cheng)(cheng)。八(ba)路(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)120師(shi)采取集中(zhong)兵力(li)(li)各(ge)(ge)個擊(ji)破(po)的(de)策略(lve),首先擊(ji)敗(bai)其它各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)敵(di)人(ren),然后以(yi)主力(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)外圍活(huo)動,切斷敵(di)軍(jun)歸(gui)路(lu)(lu)(lu),并以(yi)一部分(fen)緊逼寧(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)。這(zhe)時寧(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)敵(di)便在(zai)(zai)從陽(yang)方口南下敵(di)人(ren)的(de)接應下,棄(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)竄,120師(shi)予以(yi)沉重打(da)擊(ji),終于收復(fu)了(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)1940年(nian)(nian)的(de)百團大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong),八(ba)路(lu)(lu)(lu)軍(jun)120師(shi)曾以(yi)截斷同蒲路(lu)(lu)(lu)北(bei)(bei)段交通為目的(de),以(yi)主力(li)(li)破(po)擊(ji)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)——軒崗(gang)段,在(zai)(zai)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、忻州展開破(po)擊(ji)戰(zhan)(zhan),有力(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)打(da)擊(ji)了(le)日(ri)本侵(qin)略(lve)軍(jun)。現今山西(xi)(xi)南北(bei)(bei)交通大(da)動脈同蒲鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)從寧(ning)(ning)(ning)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)關穿(chuan)過,又有公路(lu)(lu)(lu)通向四方。這(zhe)里仍為晉(jin)北(bei)(bei)的(de)交通要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)。

清(qing)朝建(jian)(jian)立以后,因為與蒙古的(de)(de)和睦關(guan)(guan)(guan)系,寧武關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)要(yao)沖、防(fang)(fang)御作用基(ji)(ji)本(ben)喪失,成了(le)祥(xiang)和的(de)(de)聚(ju)居之地,遂將關(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)改為府城(cheng)。其防(fang)(fang)御設施和內長(chang)城(cheng)也逐漸廢(fei)棄,成為了(le)還尚可辨認的(de)(de)遺跡(ji)。現存(cun)關(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)舊址范圍分西關(guan)(guan)(guan)和東關(guan)(guan)(guan)兩部分,城(cheng)墻(qiang)依山(shan)勢(shi)而建(jian)(jian),十分壯(zhuang)觀。據史(shi)書記載,明弘治十一年(nian)(1498)擴城(cheng)七里。萬歷(li)三十四年(nian)(1606)城(cheng)墻(qiang)砌磚,周長(chang)3567米。城(cheng)中(zhong)鼓(gu)樓為寧武關(guan)(guan)(guan)代表(biao)性建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。周圍烽(feng)火臺峙立,氣勢(shi)雄偉。寧武關(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)筑(zhu)于呂梁山(shan)脈北(bei)部支脈的(de)(de)山(shan)口(kou),周長(chang)3.5公里余,襟山(shan)帶水(shui),地形險要(yao),今已傾(qing)圮,兩側山(shan)上的(de)(de)內長(chang)城(cheng)遺跡(ji)尚存(cun)。今除存(cun)極少的(de)(de)零星(xing)夯土殘墻(qiang)外,基(ji)(ji)本(ben)上全已被(bei)拆毀,只剩(sheng)下位于城(cheng)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)一座鼓(gu)樓在春風里笑傲紅塵(chen),留下滄(cang)桑(sang)歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)裊(niao)裊(niao)余音,至今尚保存(cun)良好。

寧武關鼓樓(lou),位于今寧武縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)人(ren)民大街,平面布局基(ji)本呈正(zheng)方形,此樓(lou)下座為(wei)(wei)磚砌券拱十字穿心(xin)洞,樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)三(san)層(ceng)三(san)檐木(mu)結(jie)構歇山頂式建筑,通高(gao)30余米(mi),氣勢宏偉,為(wei)(wei)省重點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單位。鼓樓(lou)內(nei)的(de)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)陳(chen)列中,有寧武縣(xian)(xian)古寺出土,當(dang)年修(xiu)筑長城(cheng)時(shi)用(yong)過(guo)的(de)大水(shui)缸和戍守(shou)長城(cheng)的(de)將士們(men)使用(yong)過(guo)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)兵器。

陽(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)口(kou)(kou)是明長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)關隘。位于山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省寧(ning)武(wu)縣北約13公(gong)里.陽(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)鎮重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)口(kou)(kou)舊(jiu)為九(jiu)牛(niu)口(kou)(kou)。長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)過(guo)恢(hui)河地(di)段,原建有(you)(you)九(jiu)孔石橋一座(zuo),與兩(liang)(liang)側長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)銜接(jie),每(mei)個(ge)橋孔內又有(you)(you)一鐵牛(niu)鎮守。后(hou)鐵牛(niu)被(bei)水(shui)沖走,橋亦坍塌,更(geng)今名。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)口(kou)(kou)堡城(cheng),東(dong)靠長(chang)(chang)方(fang)山(shan)(shan),西(xi)傍(bang)恢(hui)河,為明嘉靖十八年(1539)巡撫(fu)陳講所筑,萬(wan)歷四年(1576)增修。堡城(cheng)周1公(gong)里左右。有(you)(you)“山(shan)(shan)西(xi)鎮中路第一沖口(kou)(kou)”之稱(cheng)。顧祖禹在《讀史方(fang)輿紀要(yao)(yao)》中論(lun)述陽(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)口(kou)(kou)堡戰略(lve)地(di)位時說:“大同有(you)(you)事(shi),以(yi)重(zhong)兵駐(zhu)此,東(dong)可(ke)以(yi)衛雁門,西(xi)可(ke)以(yi)援偏關,北可(ke)以(yi)應云朔,蓋地(di)利得也。’現陽(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)口(kou)(kou)亦為晉(jin)西(xi)北、大同、大原的(de)交(jiao)通樞(shu)紐。北有(you)(you)同蒲、寧(ning)苛(ke)兩(liang)(liang)條鐵路,還有(you)(you)忻州至(zhi)保德,崞陽(yang)(yang)(yang)至(zhi)偏關,水(shui)泉(quan)、陽(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)口(kou)(kou)至(zhi)平魯等三條公(gong)路干線通過(guo)。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)口(kou)(kou)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)今已殘毀(hui),尚(shang)存城(cheng)北磚券拱門,用橫木支撐著,供(gong)行(xing)人來(lai)往。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)口(kou)(kou)西(xi)的(de)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)存夯土殘墻和土筑墩臺。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)口(kou)(kou)東(dong)長(chang)(chang)城(cheng)尚(shang)存部分磚砌墻體,井有(you)(you)三座(zuo)磚砌空心敵樓(lou)保存較好(hao)。

榮譽及其他

歷史古跡

概述

古長(chang)(chang)城:在(zai)樓子山上有古長(chang)(chang)城遺(yi)跡(ji),明(ming)正德中,兵備張鳳羾立石(shi)山下,曰“紫塞(sai)長(chang)(chang)城”,或疑為六國趙時所筑(zhu)之(zhi)舊。

古襄陽城:《太原(yuan)志》云:“在(zai)(zai)靜樂(le)縣(xian)北九十里,古寧化(hua)軍南。”遺址微(wei)在(zai)(zai)。

林溪(xi)鎮城(cheng):在林溪(xi)山下,世傳隋煬帝避暑處,金(jin)天會間,即其地改為(wei)圣壽(shou)寺。

隋汾陽宮:在縣(xian)西南六(liu)十里,即林(lin)溪(xi)鎮城(cheng)處。

古樓煩關(guan):在寧化南,靜樂界(jie)。

天(tian)池故城(cheng)、元(yuan)池故城(cheng):并李克用表置者。

汾陽(yang)故縣(xian)、六度故縣(xian):上并唐(tang)筑。

用武(wu)(wu)池:高(gao)齊于此大蒐,因名。《崞縣志》稱:在寧(ning)武(wu)(wu)關。《魏志》云(yun):疑即天池是。

天池監牧、元池監牧、樓煩(fan)監牧:并(bing)唐時(shi)置(zhi),使牧馬處。自樓煩(fan)關以下,今皆(jie)無跡。

橐(tuo)蓮臺(tai)(tai):在縣(xian)(xian)東北二十五里。《二鎮三關志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun):“今陽方口(kou)河西高山(shan)謂之(zhi)‘橐(tuo)蓮臺(tai)(tai)’,世傳宋王(wang)侁望楊業(ye)兵處(chu)(chu)。”《朔州(zhou)志(zhi)》亦載之(zhi),唯《崞縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》但記(ji)臺(tai)(tai)名,不言王(wang)侁事。考元魏滅赫連(lian)氏(shi),遷其子孫散處(chu)(chu)雁門、代(dai),北依山(shan)谷以居,故其地有赫連(lian)臺(tai)(tai),所云(yun)(yun)橐(tuo)蓮或是赫連(lian)之(zhi)訛。

宋摩崖題名(ming):在樓子山崖,題云:元(yuan)佑缺年秋(qiu)七月己(ji)卯,文思(si)。副使知寧化軍事(shi)太原王(wang)余、應定(ding)山與前朝奉郎(lang)通(tong)判軍事(shi)汝(ru)南(nan)趙(zhao)審道同游樓子山,飲于(yu)漏崖之(zhi)足,以(yi)觀汾水(shui)之(zhi)源。酒(jiu)酣,公為安懿(yi)王(wang)泠(ling)(ling)瓏之(zhi)琹,以(yi)撫秋(qiu)思(si)之(zhi)美,既(ji)闕,而奏雪中松之(zhi)曲。是(shi)行也(ye),部吏劉喜、王(wang)錫(xi)、魏廓、陸思(si)誠、鞏(gong)裕、李(li)昌(chang)言、秋(qiu)球、榆次尉石伯倫(lun)預焉,洛陽鞏(gong)裕書(shu)。右依《魏志(zhi)》書(shu)之(zhi)“為安懿(yi)王(wang)泠(ling)(ling)”,五字(zi)疑筆跡稍(shao)泐,文有(you)訛隱,若“王(wang)”當為“玉”,“泠(ling)(ling)”當為“玲”,余三字(zi)則未詳也(ye)。

相關古跡

寧武府屬

在郡城中(zhong)少東(dong)(dong)(dong)北七百(bai)戶街,負山臨逵(kui),地勢高(gao)爽。雍正四(si)年(nian)(1726年(nian)),知(zhi)府(fu)郎瀚建,即(ji)故(gu)寧(ning)武道(dao)署(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)舊,改創(chuang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)府(fu)。經歷(li)謝(xie)廷恕董其(qi)事,署(shu)成規局,宏整門屏,東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩坊翼之(zhi)(zhi),坊門高(gao)廣,太(tai)守車騎(qi)所出入(ru)也;循坊列柵(zha),以(yi)禁行者(zhe),柵(zha)周方寬闊,中(zhong)容吏士數百(bai)人(ren)。大(da)(da)門三(san)(san)楹,正南(nan)面(mian)啟,入(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)儀門,自(zi)儀門入(ru),為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)堂(tang)(tang),堂(tang)(tang)前有抱廈堂(tang)(tang),左為(wei)(wei)(wei)兵(bing)餉庫,右為(wei)(wei)(wei)庫軍(jun)房(fang)(fang);堂(tang)(tang)下東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)吏舍各(ge)六,東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)官廳(ting)在焉,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)則隸卒夜值者(zhe)居之(zhi)(zhi)。儀門外(wai),東(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)土神(shen)祠,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)庫神(shen)廟(miao)。由(you)大(da)(da)堂(tang)(tang)而后為(wei)(wei)(wei)宅門,門外(wai),左、右班房(fang)(fang)各(ge)一(yi);門內(nei),左、右各(ge)有房(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),皆(jie)北向(xiang)。其(qi)北為(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)堂(tang)(tang),堂(tang)(tang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)屋(wu)各(ge)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),堂(tang)(tang)下門東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)啟;自(zi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)門入(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)書室(shi)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian),皆(jie)南(nan)向(xiang),后有屋(wu)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),北與書室(shi)對門;由(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)門入(ru),書室(shi)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、客(ke)廳(ting)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),客(ke)廳(ting)南(nan)對者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“琴鶴軒”,亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)射廳(ting),凡三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian);射廳(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)馬(ma)廄,有井以(yi)飲馬(ma),有祠屋(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)間(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)四(si)而庳,以(yi)祀馬(ma)祖。自(zi)二(er)(er)堂(tang)(tang)后入(ru)門,為(wei)(wei)(wei)知(zhi)府(fu)內(nei)宅,住房(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)洞房(fang)(fang)各(ge)二(er)(er),廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)各(ge)三(san)(san),門外(wai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)偏房(fang)(fang)各(ge)一(yi),又(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)廚,最后房(fang)(fang)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian),因山為(wei)(wei)(wei)趾,勢獨高(gao),見(jian)郭外(wai)諸峰(feng);房(fang)(fang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)屋(wu)各(ge)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),又(you)夾道(dao)中(zhong)屋(wu)二(er)(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)(dong)如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)。

清(qing)代(dai)寧武府(fu)疆域:在山西(xi)布政司西(xi)北(bei)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。東西(xi)廣三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五里(li)(li)(li)(li),南(nan)北(bei)袤二百(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。東至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朔(shuo)平(ping)府(fu)朔(shuo)州(zhou)界(jie)(jie)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li),又東至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大同府(fu)應州(zhou)界(jie)(jie)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li),山陰(yin)縣界(jie)(jie)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li);西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太原府(fu)岢嵐(lan)州(zhou)界(jie)(jie)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五里(li)(li)(li)(li),又西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保德(de)州(zhou)界(jie)(jie)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li);南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)代(dai)州(zhou)崞縣界(jie)(jie)七(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li);北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水泉營(ying)邊墻界(jie)(jie)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li);西(xi)南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忻州(zhou)靜(jing)樂(le)縣界(jie)(jie)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li);東北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朔(shuo)平(ping)府(fu)平(ping)魯(lu)縣界(jie)(jie)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)老營(ying)堡(bao)邊二百(bai)(bai)(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朔(shuo)平(ping)府(fu)治(zhi)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li);至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大同府(fu)治(zhi)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li);西(xi)北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保德(de)州(zhou)河(he)曲(qu)縣界(jie)(jie)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)老牛灣蒙古界(jie)(jie)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。自府(fu)治(zhi)由山西(xi)大同府(fu)經直隸宣化(hua)府(fu),入居庸關(guan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)京師一(yi)(yi)千四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li);由代(dai)州(zhou)東至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易州(zhou),入紫(zi)荊(jing)關(guan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)京師九百(bai)(bai)(bai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。

乾隆年間寧武(wu)府屬四縣人口:

寧武府屬四(si)(si)縣,乾隆(long)十(shi)年分(fen)至十(shi)四(si)(si)年,審定戶口(kou)共:土(tu)著民二(er)萬(wan)(wan)二(er)千五百七十(shi)戶,男(nan)女共十(shi)二(er)萬(wan)(wan)六(liu)(liu)千四(si)(si)百十(shi)六(liu)(liu)口(kou);大口(kou)六(liu)(liu)萬(wan)(wan)五千六(liu)(liu)百三十(shi)九(jiu),小口(kou)六(liu)(liu)萬(wan)(wan)七百七十(shi)七。

縣倚郭

筑(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)成化二年(nian)(nian)(1466年(nian)(nian)),初為(wei)(wei)關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng),巡(xun)撫都(dou)御(yu)史李侃請即古(gu)寧(ning)化軍口置關(guan),設都(dou)指(zhi)揮(hui)領軍守備。乃(nai)以是年(nian)(nian)丁亥(1467年(nian)(nian))三月始事,明(ming)’年(nian)(nian)(1467年(nian)(nian))四(si)(si)(si)月城(cheng)(cheng)訖(qi),以總(zong)兵鎮之(zhi)(zhi),遂為(wei)(wei)鎮城(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)踞華蓋山,因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)而俯其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、南(nan)(nan)、西(xi)三面,周四(si)(si)(si)里(li)許,基五(wu)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),面廣(guang)(guang)半之(zhi)(zhi),高(gao)三丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)有奇,門(men)(men)(men)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)(nan)三面而閉(bi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)北(bei)(bei)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)(yue)“仁(ren)勝”,西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)(yue)“人和”,南(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)“迎熏(xun)”,上(shang)(shang)建重(zhong)樓。(宏)治十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1498年(nian)(nian)),巡(xun)撫魏紳(shen)拓廣(guang)(guang)之(zhi)(zhi),周七(qi)里(li)一(yi)百(bai)二十(shi)步,增埤五(wu)尺(chi)(chi),加開北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men),亦(yi)建飛樓于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang),名之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)“鎮朔(shuo)”。城(cheng)(cheng)狹(xia)于(yu)(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei),長于(yu)(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形科橢,望之(zhi)(zhi)若敷巾幅然(ran),然(ran)皆土筑(zhu)。萬(歷)元年(nian)(nian)(1573年(nian)(nian)),巡(xun)撫趙某議包以石,益加增高(gao),連女墻(qiang)四(si)(si)(si)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二尺(chi)(chi),然(ran)未果。行至三十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(1606年(nian)(nian)),寧(ning)武(wu)道郭(guo)光復始甃(zhou)(zhou)以磚(zhuan),又(you)筑(zhu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng),皆磚(zhuan)甃(zhou)(zhou),共長一(yi)千七(qi)十(shi)余丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)三丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)尺(chi)(chi)。西(xi)關(guan)門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)(yue)“永寧(ning)”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)南(nan)(nan)出者曰(yue)(yue)“阜財”;東(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)門(men)(men)(men)曰(yue)(yue)“久安(an)”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)南(nan)(nan)出者曰(yue)(yue)“解慍(yun)”,下有塹。先是萬(歷)二年(nian)(nian)(1574年(nian)(nian)),寧(ning)武(wu)守備某筑(zhu)護城(cheng)(cheng)墩于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)山上(shang)(shang),方二十(shi)八丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)二丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)為(wei)(wei)基,基上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)臺(tai),臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)樓三重(zhong),樓外(wai)列(lie)堞二十(shi)四(si)(si)(si),登(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)眺(tiao)百(bai)里(li);臺(tai)下周以磚(zhuan)墻(qiang),直(zhi)一(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),環廣(guang)(guang)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),墻(qiang)上(shang)(shang)列(lie)垛(duo)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi),屹然(ran)與城(cheng)(cheng)表里(li),巡(xun)撫魏允貞所使也,今(jin)樓垛(duo)以廢。國朝置府城(cheng)(cheng),因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)舊(jiu)寧(ning)武(wu)營在(zai)焉。乾隆(long)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1741年(nian)(nian)),東(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)門(men)(men)(men)樓圮,知府魏元樞(shu)重(zhong)葺之(zhi)(zhi)顏,曰(yue)(yue)“望華”,并修(xiu)南(nan)(nan)、北(bei)(bei)二角樓。城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)接鳳凰(huang)山,寧(ning)武(wu)人又(you)呼為(wei)(wei)“鳳城(cheng)(cheng)”。

社(she)稷壇(tan):在南關河外,雍正三年(1725年)建。壇(tan)廣(guang)二(er)丈五尺(chi),高二(er)尺(chi)一寸,陛,東、南、西(xi)各(ge)三級,無封樹。

風云雷雨山川壇:在北關山坳(ao),雍正三年建。壇基、高、廣與社稷壇同(tong),無封樹(shu)。

先農(nong)壇:在(zai)郡(jun)東門(men)外,教(jiao)場東北(bei)。雍(yong)正五(wu)年(1727年),署(shu)寧武令、太原府西糧同(tong)知(zhi)董泗儒奉文建。壇制與山川、社稷(ji)同(tong)。大殿五(wu)間(jian),門(men)樓一(yi)座(zuo),左(zuo)右(you)角門(men)二,農(nong)器(qi)庫二間(jian),官廳二間(jian),壇旁地四畝九分以為田,季春亥日,郡(jun)、縣官九,推行事如制。

八蠟廟:在府(fu)東關外。

厲壇:在郡(jun)西關(guan)。

城隍廟:在府(fu)治西北,華蓋山之陽。

寧武府學

在(zai)(zai)府(fu)(fu)治西(xi)(xi)北(bei)城之(zhi)陽(yang),繚以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)垣(yuan),外為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)門(men),門(men)外樹以(yi)(yi)屏壁,夾以(yi)(yi)兩坊。自(zi)(zi)大(da)門(men)入,為(wei)(wei)(wei)泮池(chi),池(chi)上有橋,橋南(nan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)欞星(xing)(xing)門(men),凡三(san)間。入欞星(xing)(xing)門(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)戟(ji)門(men),入自(zi)(zi)戟(ji)門(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)成殿(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)五楹(ying)(ying),左右為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩廡(wu),廡(wu)各(ge)五楹(ying)(ying);其(qi)戟(ji)門(men)傍東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)角門(men)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)間。名宦(huan)祠在(zai)(zai)戟(ji)門(men)左,鄉賢祠在(zai)(zai)戟(ji)門(men)右,各(ge)凡三(san)楹(ying)(ying)。齋宿房在(zai)(zai)欞星(xing)(xing)門(men)內(nei)左,省牲所(suo)在(zai)(zai)欞星(xing)(xing)門(men)內(nei)右,各(ge)凡三(san)楹(ying)(ying)。明(ming)倫堂(tang)在(zai)(zai)大(da)成殿(dian)(dian)后,堂(tang)左右齋房各(ge)三(san)間;崇圣(sheng)祠三(san)楹(ying)(ying),在(zai)(zai)明(ming)倫堂(tang)東(dong)(dong);其(qi)在(zai)(zai)崇圣(sheng)祠南(nan),欞星(xing)(xing)門(men)之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)者,為(wei)(wei)(wei)魁星(xing)(xing)樓。學(xue)建于雍正(zheng)五年(1757年)三(san)月,唯尊(zun)經堂(tang)未及構云(yun)。寧(ning)武(wu)府(fu)(fu)儒(ru)學(xue)教授一(yi)(yi)人,訓導(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)人,署在(zai)(zai)文廟西(xi)(xi)偏。講堂(tang)三(san)間,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)門(men)斗(dou)、班房各(ge)一(yi)(yi)間。教授宅門(men)樓一(yi)(yi)座,住(zhu)房三(san)間,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)配(pei)房各(ge)一(yi)(yi)間。訓導(dao)(dao)宅如之(zhi),其(qi)外為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)門(men)。學(xue)中所(suo)貯書:《十(shi)(shi)三(san)經注疏》一(yi)(yi)部(bu),通一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)本(ben),為(wei)(wei)(wei)函(han)十(shi)(shi)二(er);《二(er)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)史》一(yi)(yi)部(bu),通五百(bai)(bai)本(ben),為(wei)(wei)(wei)函(han)五十(shi)(shi);《明(ming)史》一(yi)(yi)部(bu),通百(bai)(bai)十(shi)(shi)二(er)本(ben),為(wei)(wei)(wei)函(han)十(shi)(shi)二(er)。先是經史皆買于布政(zheng)司,而使郡縣學(xue)領焉。獨寧(ning)武(wu)府(fu)(fu)學(xue),以(yi)(yi)無尊(zun)經閣(ge),與(yu)禮部(bu)例不(bu)相比,且不(bu)得領。時永平魏侯元樞知郡事(shi),乃(nai)與(yu)寧(ning)武(wu)令施作楫、神池(chi)令李識蒙、五寨令劉耀珪,共捐俸銀(yin)輸官以(yi)(yi)當(dang)書值,遂得領歸。郡學(xue)與(yu)舊所(suo)有:《周(zhou)易折中》、《書》、《詩》、《春秋三(san)經傳(chuan)》;說若(ruo)《朱子全書》、《康(kang)熙字典(dian)》、《康(kang)濟錄(lu)》、《急公自(zi)(zi)愛書》、《四書講義》、《學(xue)政(zheng)全書》等,凡十(shi)(shi)部(bu),使學(xue)廣(guang)文掌(zhang)藏之(zhi)。

寧(ning)化城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):宋(song)嘉祐六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1061年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),以(yi)河西(xi)西(xi)夏(xia)人(ren)往(wang)來隘口(kou),乃立寧(ning)化軍,因(yin)隋汾陽宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之舊(jiu)址,廓而筑(zhu)之,金、元因(yin)之。明洪武二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1369年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))設寧(ning)化巡檢司(si),山(shan)西(xi)都(dou)指揮使(shi)常守道帥官軍來屯,將舊(jiu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)六里(li)二百七(qi)十步、南邊關(guan)廂裁去,于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東山(shan)坡上,隨地形(xing)勢筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二里(li)一(yi)(yi)百九(jiu)十七(qi)步,未完調去。五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1372年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),延安侯(hou)唐(tang)宗勝、千戶(hu)唐(tang)成(cheng)繼成(cheng)其功,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)三丈一(yi)(yi)尺(chi),壕深一(yi)(yi)丈,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓六座。十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1378年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),改巡檢為(wei)寧(ning)化守御千戶(hu)所(suo),隸山(shan)西(xi)都(dou)司(si)。嘉靖中,改隸寧(ning)武。至萬(歷)十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1586年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),甃土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)磚(zhuan),當(dang)改寧(ning)化所(suo),時設掌印千戶(hu)、巡捕、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)操(cao)吏目各(ge)一(yi)(yi)。中有靜樂倉,今仍為(wei)寧(ning)化巡檢司(si)。

本路(lu)參將設于嘉(jia)靖二(er)十(shi)七年,駐(zhu)扎利(li)民,所轄寧武、盤道梁、神(shen)池、利(li)民、八(ba)(ba)角、寧化、長林、陽方八(ba)(ba)城堡,凡屬守備五(wu),防守二(er),千戶所者三(san)(san),分(fen)管內邊東起(qi)廣(guang)武界神(shen)樹梁,西盡老(lao)營(ying)(ying)界地椒峁,沿長二(er)百(bai)(bai)九里零四(si)(si)十(shi)丈,邊墩一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)四(si)(si)座,火路(lu)墩一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)座。邊之(zhi)(zhi)內外續設小蓮(lian)花、夾柳樹、燕兒水(shui)、雕窩(wo)梁、玄岡口、朔寧、狗兒澗、圪(土老(lao))罐、石(shi)湖嶺、西溝口、得勝、勒馬(ma)溝、蔣家峪、乾柴溝、野豬溝一(yi)(yi)十(shi)五(wu)堡以為犄(ji)角。兵(bing)(bing)(bing)馬(ma)除軍(jun)(jun)門標(biao)下兩掖營(ying)(ying)散兵(bing)(bing)(bing)及標(biao)正二(er)營(ying)(ying)外,闔路(lu)見在官軍(jun)(jun)九千八(ba)(ba)百(bai)(bai)八(ba)(ba)十(shi)七員(yuan)名,馬(ma)騾三(san)(san)千七百(bai)(bai)七十(shi)匹頭(tou),內援兵(bing)(bing)(bing)官軍(jun)(jun)二(er)千六百(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)五(wu)員(yuan)名,馬(ma)騾二(er)千三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)九匹頭(tou)。本路(lu)東西援雁、平、偏老(lao),北(bei)控三(san)(san)云,南(nan)藩全晉,蓋山(shan)西鎮(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)要害也。嘉(jia)隆間頻遭(zao)虜患,故于沖(chong)緊各處續添前項小堡,分(fen)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)據守以扼虜沖(chong)。款(kuan)后(hou)烽火不(bu)警,干戈載戢,軍(jun)(jun)民幸(xing)帖枕席之(zhi)(zhi)安(an)。顧(gu)款(kuan)久(jiu)則弛,兵(bing)(bing)(bing)驕則玩,乘此(ci)閃暇(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)時,正當圖綢繆之(zhi)(zhi)計(ji),一(yi)(yi)切詰兵(bing)(bing)(bing)儲餉,未可以款(kuan)事(shi)而遽忽之(zhi)(zhi)也。

寧文堡

本城(cheng)(cheng)舊筑小(xiao)土堡于今城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)西(xi),是為寧文(wen)堡。景(jing)泰元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)筑寧武土城(cheng)(cheng),成(cheng)化間展修之(zhi),隆慶四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始議磚石包砌焉,周(zhou)七里(li)零二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)步,高(gao)(gao)連女墻(qiang)四(si)丈(zhang)二(er)(er)(er)尺。萬(wan)歷(li)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)添筑西(xi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)土堡一(yi)座,周(zhou)四(si)百(bai)六(liu)(liu)丈(zhang)三(san)尺,二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又建東關(guan)(guan)(guan)土堡一(yi)座,周(zhou)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)八十(shi)六(liu)(liu)丈(zhang)九(jiu)(jiu)尺,俱高(gao)(gao)三(san)丈(zhang)五(wu)(wu)尺。初設守(shou)備(bei)(bei)一(yi)員,弘(hong)治十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)添設守(shou)御千戶(hu)所(suo)(suo),嘉靖(jing)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)移偏頭(tou)關(guan)(guan)(guan),副(fu)總(zong)兵(bing)改為總(zong)兵(bing)鎮守(shou)于此,添正(zheng)兵(bing),坐營(ying)(ying)標兵(bing),守(shou)備(bei)(bei)各(ge)一(yi)員,三(san)十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)設寧武兵(bing)備(bei)(bei)道及管(guan)糧通判,建學(xue)立(li)倉(cang),規制大備(bei)(bei),屹然稱(cheng)雄鎮矣(yi)。見(jian)在(zai)官軍標,正(zheng)營(ying)(ying)六(liu)(liu)千一(yi)百(bai)三(san)十(shi)四(si)員名(ming),馬(ma)騾五(wu)(wu)千九(jiu)(jiu)百(bai)三(san)十(shi)三(san)匹頭(tou),守(shou)備(bei)(bei)所(suo)(suo)領并寧武所(suo)(suo)二(er)(er)(er)千二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)員名(ming),馬(ma)騾三(san)百(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)匹頭(tou)。分管(guan)內邊沿(yan)長四(si)十(shi)里(li)零四(si)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)丈(zhang),邊墩五(wu)(wu)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)座,火路墩二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)座,與所(suo)(suo)轄朔寧,陽(yang)方(fang)(fang),狗兒三(san)堡防守(shou)把總(zong)畫地(di)守(shou)之(zhi)。內陽(yang)方(fang)(fang)并西(xi)溝口,苦參窊等處皆虜馬(ma)經涉之(zhi)處,嘉靖(jing)十(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大舉二(er)(er)(er)次,皆由此入搶(qiang)至(zhi)忻州,崞縣,地(di)方(fang)(fang)大遭(zao)荼毒。故(gu)設總(zong)兵(bing)據險扼吭(hang),統重兵(bing)以(yi)彈壓(ya)之(zhi)。無事(shi)則(ze)居(ju)中調(diao)度,有虎豹在(zai)山之(zhi)勢,遇警則(ze)隨(sui)在(zai)策應(ying),無豺狼嗥野之(zhi)虞。三(san)關(guan)(guan)(guan)保障胥有賴焉,非(fei)止寧武一(yi)隅(yu)已(yi)也(ye)。惟(wei)(wei)是地(di)當孤懸,兵(bing)鮮土著,總(zong)兵(bing)所(suo)(suo)統標、正(zheng)各(ge)兵(bing)雖多驍(xiao)健,然半(ban)系四(si)方(fang)(fang)烏(wu)合之(zhi)眾,驕(jiao)悍(han)素號難(nan)制,駕馭頗費調(diao)停(ting)。惟(wei)(wei)在(zai)大將平日威(wei)愛并濟,鼓舞有方(fang)(fang),使烏(wu)合之(zhi)人心樂為我用,臨(lin)時(shi)調(diao)發應(ying)敵,以(yi)之(zhi)克捷不難(nan)矣(yi)。至(zhi)一(yi)切兵(bing)食之(zhi)計,鎮道同心,謀必(bi)萬(wan)全云。

陽方堡

本(ben)堡于(yu)(yu)嘉靖(jing)于(yu)(yu)十(shi)八年土筑,萬歷(li)四年磚包,周二里零八十(shi)步(bu)(bu),高(gao)三(san)(san)丈(zhang)五尺(chi).設(she)防守(shou)一(yi)員(yuan)分領守(shou)備營及改(gai)撥見在旗軍(jun)三(san)(san)百四十(shi)九名,管邊(bian)一(yi)十(shi)三(san)(san)里零一(yi)百五十(shi)步(bu)(bu),邊(bian)墩三(san)(san)十(shi)座,內西水(shui)口,苦參窊(yu)二處極沖,通大虜(lu).本(ben)堡雖離虜(lu)巢稍(shao)遠,實為三(san)(san)關屏翰,寧武要沖.議者謂虜(lu)犯大同,大將當提(ti)兵移駐(zhu)于(yu)(yu)此,一(yi)以(yi)擁(yong)護雁門(men)而虜(lu)不敢(gan)東視(shi),一(yi)以(yi)策應偏(pian),利而虜(lu)不敢(gan)西下,朔,云且藉以(yi)聲(sheng)援而虜(lu)不敢(gan)外住蹂躪(lin)矣.蓋門(men)戶鞏固,則堂奧自安(an),此最得肯綮云.

寧化城

本城洪武(wu)十(shi)二年土(tu)筑,萬歷十(shi)年磚(zhuan)包,周(zhou)三里(li)零二百(bai)一十(shi)二步,高三丈三尺.設(she)守御(yu)千戶所,掌印巡(xun)捕,城操各一員(yuan),所領(ling)見在官軍(jun)七百(bai)四十(shi)員(yuan)名,火路墩九座(zuo).本城地近(jin)腹里(li),雖非沖劇,然(ran)支鍋石,小嶺兒虜騎可通,亦屬(shu)要害,嘉靖(jing)間曾兩(liang)經入犯,地方頗遭(zao)花毒.必須防守嚴密,庶可保障無恐,甚勿以近(jin)腹而少忽之(zhi).

盤道梁堡

本(ben)堡新(xin)舊磚(zhuan)城(cheng)二(er)(er)座,一(yi)(yi)土建于嘉靖(jing)三(san)十(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian),萬歷十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)磚(zhuan)包,今在邊(bian)外(wai)(wai),二(er)(er)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)因地勢低洼,改(gai)移新(xin)城(cheng)于邊(bian)內,周一(yi)(yi)里(li)零(ling)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)四步,高三(san)丈(zhang)五尺.初設防(fang)守(shou)(shou),繼(ji)改(gai)操守(shou)(shou),二(er)(er)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)始設守(shou)(shou)備,先屬(shu)雁平(ping),后(hou)改(gai)寧武,所(suo)領見在官軍七百(bai)三(san)員名,馬(ma)騾一(yi)(yi)百(bai)四十(shi)匹頭.分管(guan)內邊(bian)沿長(chang)四十(shi)八(ba)里(li)零(ling)四十(shi)丈(zhang),內磚(zhuan)石包砌三(san)十(shi)五里(li),靠山(shan)(shan)鏟削一(yi)(yi)十(shi)三(san)里(li)零(ling)四十(shi)丈(zhang),邊(bian)墩(dun)二(er)(er)十(shi)六座,火路墩(dun)二(er)(er)十(shi)四座,與所(suo)轄小(xiao)蓮花(hua),惡化(hua)柳樹,燕兒水(shui),雕窩梁,玄岡口五堡防(fang)守(shou)(shou)畫地守(shou)(shou)之(zhi).本(ben)堡坐落山(shan)(shan)巔(dian),汲(ji)水(shui)外(wai)(wai)溝,土脈砂松,墻垣易圯.且邊(bian)長(chang)兵(bing)寡,分布為難,極沖凡一(yi)(yi)十(shi)二(er)(er)處,嘉靖(jing)間大虜(lu)兩次內犯忻州等處,俱由此出入(ru)(ru).內火燒梁駱(luo)駝梁,金(jin)家嘴舊有邊(bian)壕(hao),今宜(yi)(yi)挑浚,雕窩梁山(shan)(shan)徑可通虜(lu)馬(ma),今宜(yi)(yi)阻塞(sai).其(qi)(qi)燕兒水(shui)之(zhi)臥羊坡尤虜(lu)屯牧之(zhi)處,相連漫坡,易于馳突.若修墻臺,浚壕(hao)塹以(yi)遏其(qi)(qi)入(ru)(ru),庶可免侵軼之(zhi)患,此在守(shou)(shou)土者所(suo)當加(jia)之(zhi)意(yi)耳.

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《寧武關》,傳統戲曲曲目,事(shi)見《鐵(tie)冠圖》傳奇(qi)。

《寧武(wu)關》,京(jing)劇(ju)又名《別母亂箭》、《一門(men)忠(zhong)烈》,該劇(ju)早年曾為(wei)余叔巖、言菊朋的代表劇(ju)目(mu),因(yin)世(shi)人對(dui)該劇(ju)主題及(ji)人物褒貶(bian)各(ge)異,故不常演以至今已失傳。

故事大意:明(ming)末,李(li)自成率部攻打寧武關,守將周(zhou)(zhou)遇吉固守,終(zhong)難(nan)抵(di)擋。周(zhou)(zhou)遇吉突(tu)圍探(tan)母(mu),欲保護老(lao)母(mu)及妻兒等逃離,周(zhou)(zhou)母(mu)誓(shi)與(yu)城池共存,令其再戰。李(li)自成兵逼城關,周(zhou)(zhou)母(mu)令媳、孫自殺,然后(hou)放火自焚。周(zhou)(zhou)遇吉力抗義軍,被亂箭射傷,后(hou)自刎身亡(wang)。

此(ci)劇(ju)為京(jing)劇(ju)、昆曲文武老生傳統戲(xi)之一,全劇(ju)通唱曲牌(pai),亦(yi)文亦(yi)武,在(zai)別(bie)母、中箭、殉(xun)城等場次中,有繁難(nan)的身段表演(yan)及(ji)曲牌(pai)演(yan)唱。川(chuan)劇(ju)、湘(xiang)劇(ju)、桂劇(ju)、秦腔、同(tong)州梆子、河北梆子均(jun)有此(ci)劇(ju)目,徽(hui)劇(ju)名《別(bie)母亂箭》。

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