宜興市周鐵城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao),道教(jiao)(jiao)邑廟(miao),位于(yu)周鐵鎮老街。城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang),又稱城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)、城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺。是漢民(min)族(zu)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)化中普遍崇(chong)祀(si)的(de)重要神(shen)(shen)祇之一,由有功于(yu)地方民(min)眾的(de)名臣(chen)英雄充當,是漢族(zu)民(min)間和道教(jiao)(jiao)信奉守護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)池之神(shen)(shen)。
周鐵城隍廟始(shi)建于明朝(chao)初年(nian),由大(da)明太祖高皇帝朱(zhu)元璋下令敕建,乾隆和道光年(nian)間亦有(you)重修。前殿供(gong)(gong)奉城隍神(shen)四品顯(xian)佑伯楊國興大(da)元帥,后(hou)殿供(gong)(gong)奉幽冥(ming)教主(zhu)、二樓慈(ci)航真人。現(xian)門前存(cun)有(you)1800多年(nian)歲的古(gu)銀杏樹(shu),系三國時東吳(wu)主(zhu)吳(wu)太祖大(da)皇帝孫權(quan)之母(mu)吳(wu)國太所植。周鐵城隍廟坐落于宜興市(shi)較(jiao)為寂靜較(jiao)負有(you)盛名的的歷史文化名鎮周鐵鎮,是宜興地區(qu)重要的道教宮觀,始(shi)建于明代,距今已有(you)六百多年(nian)的歷史。風雨倉桑(sang),朝(chao)代更迭,周鐵城隍廟也(ye)歷經興衰。
在素有(you)(you)“陶(tao)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)都(dou),洞(dong)的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界,茶的(de)(de)(de)綠洲,竹的(de)(de)(de)海洋”之稱(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)江蘇省(sheng)宜興市(shi),有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)宮(gong)觀——周鐵(tie)城(cheng)隍廟。周鐵(tie)城(cheng)隍廟,乃無(wu)錫頗富盛名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)宮(gong)觀。位于(yu)風(feng)景秀美的(de)(de)(de)太湖西(xi)(xi)岸、宜興市(shi)周鐵(tie)古(gu)鎮(zhen)小(xiao)街,西(xi)(xi)靠橫塘河,東臨北街,建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)朝(chao)(chao)南(南偏西(xi)(xi)15°)。周鐵(tie)城(cheng)隍廟始建(jian)于(yu)明朝(chao)(chao)初年(nian)(nian)(nian),清(qing)代亦有(you)(you)重修(xiu),共兩進(jin)(jin)。一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)闊3間10.70米(mi)(mi),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)13.30米(mi)(mi)。一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)前院內有(you)(you)千年(nian)(nian)(nian)銀杏樹一(yi)(yi)棵。二(er)進(jin)(jin)為(wei)二(er)層樓房,進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)7.40米(mi)(mi),廊(lang)檐(yan)有(you)(you)精美的(de)(de)(de)花雕。一(yi)(yi)、二(er)進(jin)(jin)之間天井進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)4.50米(mi)(mi),建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)總體較(jiao)為(wei)完整。一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)內有(you)(you)古(gu)碑(bei)(bei)兩方。西(xi)(xi)面(mian)碑(bei)(bei)名(ming):重修(xiu)城(cheng)隍廟碑(bei)(bei)。落款(kuan)(kuan):道(dao)(dao)光二(er)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)歲次戊申孟夏。碑(bei)(bei)通高2米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)0.86米(mi)(mi),碑(bei)(bei)座寬(kuan)(kuan)1米(mi)(mi)。東面(mian)碑(bei)(bei)文模糊難辨,碑(bei)(bei)通高1.84米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)0.70米(mi)(mi)。落款(kuan)(kuan):乾(qian)隆戊辰年(nian)(nian)(nian)。據城(cheng)隍廟內乾(qian)隆十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1748年(nian)(nian)(nian))和道(dao)(dao)光二(er)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1848年(nian)(nian)(nian))兩塊老(lao)碑(bei)(bei)記載,城(cheng)隍廟始建(jian)于(yu)明朝(chao)(chao)初年(nian)(nian)(nian),后于(yu)乾(qian)隆十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)和道(dao)(dao)光二(er)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)重修(xiu)。
作(zuo)為(wei)宜興地區(qu)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)道(dao)教(jiao)宮觀,周鐵城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)在(zai)“文革”時期遭受了重(zhong)(zhong)大的(de)(de)打擊,神(shen)像被(bei)毀,解放(fang)后(hou)殘破的(de)(de)老廟(miao)曾作(zuo)他(ta)用。后(hou)來隨(sui)著宗教(jiao)信仰(yang)自由政(zheng)策逐步落(luo)實,直至(zhi)2009年(nian)經(jing)上級(ji)主(zhu)管部門批復(fu)重(zhong)(zhong)建后(hou),重(zhong)(zhong)新成為(wei)正式(shi)開放(fang)的(de)(de)道(dao)教(jiao)宮觀。在(zai)各級(ji)領(ling)導的(de)(de)關心下,在(zai)道(dao)教(jiao)信徒的(de)(de)支(zhi)持下,由吳氏兄弟投入近千萬(wan)資(zi)金重(zhong)(zhong)修城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao),于2015年(nian)正式(shi)登記(ji)為(wei)道(dao)教(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)場所,并以宜興城(cheng)隍(huang)圣誕日四月(yue)初(chu)三(san)為(wei)開光慶(qing)典(dian)活(huo)動(dong)日。
今天(tian)的周鐵城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟,包括城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿(dian)、地(di)藏(zang)殿(dian)(幽冥殿(dian))、慈航殿(dian)三個(ge)殿(dian)堂。每天(tian)來自(zi)全國各(ge)地(di)的朝拜者、還愿(yuan)信眾甚多。不管是普通百姓,還是達官貴人,都(dou)會虔誠拜神(shen),以求城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)保佑。該(gai)廟于2009年列入宜興市文物保護單位。
城(cheng)隍廟(miao)大(da)殿正門上懸“城(cheng)隍廟(miao)”匾額,此(ci)匾由第(di)七屆(jie)(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang),曾任世界宗(zong)教(jiao)和平會(hui)(hui)(hui)主席、全國(guo)(guo)(guo)政協(xie)常委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)宗(zong)教(jiao)界和平委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(hui)(hui)(hui)副主席、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家民族(zu)宗(zong)教(jiao)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)副主任、陜(shan)西(xi)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、山西(xi)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)名(ming)譽會(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)學(xue)院(yuan)院(yuan)長(chang)(chang)、陜(shan)西(xi)周至樓觀臺(tai)道(dao)(dao)觀監(jian)院(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)咨議委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(hui)(hui)(hui)主席任法融道(dao)(dao)長(chang)(chang)親手書寫。正門兩側抱柱的對聯“天地你我怎說不知,善(shan)惡遲早定必(bi)有報”則是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)第(di)六屆(jie)(jie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、曾任中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)學(xue)院(yuan)院(yuan)長(chang)(chang)、陜(shan)西(xi)省道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)名(ming)譽會(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、西(xi)安市道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、西(xi)安八仙宮監(jian)院(yuan)。陜(shan)西(xi)省人(ren)大(da)第(di)七、八、九(jiu)、十(shi)屆(jie)(jie)代表,西(xi)安市政協(xie)第(di) 八、九(jiu)、十(shi)、十(shi)一屆(jie)(jie)常務委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員、全國(guo)(guo)(guo)政協(xie)第(di)十(shi)屆(jie)(jie)常務委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員、全國(guo)(guo)(guo)政協(xie)民族(zu)宗(zong)教(jiao)事(shi)務委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會(hui)(hui)(hui)副主任委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華海外(wai)聯誼會(hui)(hui)(hui)理事(shi)閔智亭道(dao)(dao)長(chang)(chang)留下的墨寶(bao)。
大(da)殿(dian)內(nei)供奉城(cheng)隍神四品顯佑伯楊國興大(da)元帥坐像,左(zuo)(zuo)首(shou)為文(wen)(wen)判(pan)(pan)官(guan),等(deng)同于(yu)(yu)衙(ya)門(men)里(li)的(de)(de)左(zuo)(zuo)典(dian)史,左(zuo)(zuo)手(shou)(shou)握有生(sheng)死(si)簿(bu),調查(cha)人民素行(xing)的(de)(de)善(shan)惡(e)(e)及壽(shou)夭(yao),執(zhi)行(xing)各司(si)(si)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)判(pan)(pan)文(wen)(wen)或檢閱記錄;右(you)(you)(you)首(shou)為武判(pan)(pan)官(guan)則是(shi)相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)右(you)(you)(you)典(dian)史,對(dui)于(yu)(yu)犯行(xing)業已判(pan)(pan)明者,右(you)(you)(you)手(shou)(shou)則舉(ju)執(zhi)行(xing)刑罰。立柱懸(xuan)有對(dui)聯“雪逞風威白占田園能幾(ji)日,云從(cong)雨勢黑漫大(da)地沒多時(shi)”以(yi)贊揚城(cheng)隍神的(de)(de)功績(ji)。城(cheng)隍爺(ye)的(de)(de)從(cong)屬(shu)除了文(wen)(wen)武判(pan)(pan)官(guan)還有六司(si)(si)、牛(niu)爺(ye)馬爺(ye)、范將軍謝將軍、三十六關將。六司(si)(si)即(ji)延壽(shou)司(si)(si)、速報(bao)司(si)(si)、糾察司(si)(si)、獎(jiang)善(shan)司(si)(si)、罰惡(e)(e)司(si)(si)、增(zeng)祿(lu)司(si)(si)。牛(niu)爺(ye)與(yu)馬爺(ye)本為閻羅王的(de)(de)從(cong)屬(shu),乃站在陰陽之間(jian)奈(nai)何橋的(de)(de)守衛。神座兩旁邊附祀兩位大(da)將,左(zuo)(zuo)為謝將軍即(ji)謝必安(an),俗稱(cheng)“七爺(ye)”,高舉(ju)“火簽”牌。右(you)(you)(you)為范將軍即(ji)范無救,俗稱(cheng)“八爺(ye)”,左(zuo)(zuo)手(shou)(shou)掌手(shou)(shou)銬腳鏈,右(you)(you)(you)手(shou)(shou)拿(na)“賞善(shan)罰惡(e)(e)”四字(zi)牌,張牙舞爪,神氣十分嚇(xia)人。范、謝將軍,一(yi)(yi)高一(yi)(yi)矮(ai)、一(yi)(yi)黑一(yi)(yi)白,也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)俗稱(cheng)的(de)(de)黑無常及白無常,其職(zhi)責乃是(shi)押解犯人到城(cheng)隍爺(ye)的(de)(de)法庭(ting),專司(si)(si)緝捕鬼(gui)魂及惡(e)(e)鬼(gui),負有維持陰間(jian)秩序的(de)(de)職(zhi)責。城(cheng)隍廟(miao)大(da)都陰森肅穆,神前設(she)判(pan)(pan)官(guan)、查(cha)案司(si)(si)、日夜巡撫等(deng),手(shou)(shou)執(zhi)刑具(ju),兩廊(lang)吏屬(shu)、皂隸、牛(niu)頭(tou)馬面等(deng),設(she)置一(yi)(yi)如公堂。
后殿(dian)被稱(cheng)為(wei)地(di)藏殿(dian),也為(wei)幽冥(ming)殿(dian),實則供(gong)奉(feng)的(de)乃是(shi)地(di)藏王(wang)菩(pu)薩(sa),民間稱(cheng)之為(wei)“幽冥(ming)教主”,二樓供(gong)奉(feng)的(de)是(shi)慈航大士仙(xian)姑(gu)真人。