宜興市周鐵(tie)城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟,道教邑廟,位(wei)于周鐵(tie)鎮老(lao)街。城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang),又稱城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)、城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺。是漢民(min)族(zu)宗教文化中普遍崇祀的重(zhong)要神(shen)(shen)祇(zhi)之(zhi)一(yi),由(you)有(you)功于地方民(min)眾的名(ming)臣英雄充(chong)當(dang),是漢族(zu)民(min)間和道教信奉(feng)守護(hu)城(cheng)池之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)。
周(zhou)鐵(tie)(tie)城(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)始(shi)建(jian)于明(ming)朝初年(nian),由大(da)明(ming)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)高皇(huang)帝(di)朱元璋下(xia)令敕建(jian),乾隆(long)和道光年(nian)間(jian)亦有(you)(you)重修。前殿(dian)供奉城(cheng)隍神四品顯佑伯楊(yang)國興大(da)元帥(shuai),后殿(dian)供奉幽冥教(jiao)主、二樓慈航真人(ren)。現門前存有(you)(you)1800多年(nian)歲的(de)古銀杏樹,系三國時東吳主吳太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)大(da)皇(huang)帝(di)孫權之母吳國太(tai)所植。周(zhou)鐵(tie)(tie)城(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)坐(zuo)落于宜興市(shi)較為(wei)寂(ji)靜較負(fu)有(you)(you)盛(sheng)名的(de)的(de)歷史(shi)文化名鎮周(zhou)鐵(tie)(tie)鎮,是宜興地(di)區重要的(de)道教(jiao)宮觀(guan),始(shi)建(jian)于明(ming)代,距今已有(you)(you)六百多年(nian)的(de)歷史(shi)。風雨倉桑,朝代更迭,周(zhou)鐵(tie)(tie)城(cheng)隍廟(miao)(miao)也歷經興衰。
在素有(you)“陶的古都,洞的世界,茶的綠洲,竹的海洋”之稱的江蘇省宜興(xing)市(shi),有(you)一座(zuo)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)的道教宮觀(guan)——周鐵城隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。周鐵城隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),乃無錫頗富盛名(ming)(ming)(ming)的道教宮觀(guan)。位于(yu)(yu)(yu)風景秀(xiu)美(mei)的太湖西(xi)岸、宜興(xing)市(shi)周鐵古鎮小街,西(xi)靠橫塘河,東(dong)臨(lin)北(bei)街,建筑(zhu)朝(chao)(chao)南(nan)(南(nan)偏西(xi)15°)。周鐵城隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)始建于(yu)(yu)(yu)明朝(chao)(chao)初年(nian)(nian),清代亦有(you)重修,共兩(liang)進(jin)(jin)。一進(jin)(jin)建筑(zhu)面(mian)闊(kuo)3間10.70米(mi),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)13.30米(mi)。一進(jin)(jin)前院內有(you)千年(nian)(nian)銀杏樹一棵。二(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)為(wei)二(er)(er)層樓房,進(jin)(jin)深(shen)7.40米(mi),廊檐(yan)有(you)精美(mei)的花(hua)雕。一、二(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)之間天(tian)井進(jin)(jin)深(shen)4.50米(mi),建筑(zhu)總體較為(wei)完整。一進(jin)(jin)建筑(zhu)內有(you)古碑(bei)兩(liang)方。西(xi)面(mian)碑(bei)名(ming)(ming)(ming):重修城隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)碑(bei)。落款:道光(guang)二(er)(er)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)歲次戊(wu)(wu)申孟夏。碑(bei)通(tong)高(gao)2米(mi),寬(kuan)0.86米(mi),碑(bei)座(zuo)寬(kuan)1米(mi)。東(dong)面(mian)碑(bei)文(wen)模糊難辨(bian),碑(bei)通(tong)高(gao)1.84米(mi),寬(kuan)0.70米(mi)。落款:乾(qian)隆(long)戊(wu)(wu)辰(chen)年(nian)(nian)。據城隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)內乾(qian)隆(long)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1748年(nian)(nian))和(he)道光(guang)二(er)(er)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(1848年(nian)(nian))兩(liang)塊老碑(bei)記載,城隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)始建于(yu)(yu)(yu)明朝(chao)(chao)初年(nian)(nian),后于(yu)(yu)(yu)乾(qian)隆(long)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)和(he)道光(guang)二(er)(er)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)重修。
作為(wei)宜興地區重(zhong)要的(de)道教(jiao)宮(gong)(gong)觀(guan),周(zhou)鐵城隍(huang)廟在“文革”時期遭受了(le)重(zhong)大的(de)打擊,神像被毀,解放后(hou)殘破的(de)老廟曾作他用。后(hou)來隨(sui)著宗教(jiao)信(xin)仰自由(you)(you)政策逐步落實,直至(zhi)2009年經上級(ji)主管部門批復重(zhong)建后(hou),重(zhong)新(xin)成(cheng)為(wei)正式開放的(de)道教(jiao)宮(gong)(gong)觀(guan)。在各級(ji)領導的(de)關心(xin)下,在道教(jiao)信(xin)徒的(de)支持下,由(you)(you)吳(wu)氏(shi)兄弟投入近千萬資金重(zhong)修(xiu)城隍(huang)廟,于2015年正式登記為(wei)道教(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)場所,并以(yi)宜興城隍(huang)圣(sheng)誕(dan)日(ri)四月(yue)初三為(wei)開光慶典(dian)活(huo)動(dong)日(ri)。
今天(tian)的周鐵城隍廟,包括城隍殿、地藏殿(幽冥殿)、慈航殿三個殿堂。每(mei)天(tian)來(lai)自全國各地的朝拜者(zhe)、還愿(yuan)信眾甚(shen)多。不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)普通百姓,還是(shi)達官(guan)貴人,都(dou)會虔誠(cheng)拜神,以求城隍保佑(you)。該廟于2009年列入宜興(xing)市文(wen)物保護(hu)單位。
城(cheng)隍(huang)廟大殿(dian)正(zheng)門(men)上懸“城(cheng)隍(huang)廟”匾額,此匾由(you)第七(qi)屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang),曾任(ren)世界(jie)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)和平會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)席(xi)(xi)、全國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)常委(wei)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)界(jie)和平委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)副(fu)主(zhu)席(xi)(xi)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)民(min)族宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)委(wei)副(fu)主(zhu)任(ren)、陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、山西(xi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)名(ming)譽(yu)會(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)院(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)(chang)、陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)周至樓觀臺道(dao)(dao)(dao)觀監院(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)咨議(yi)委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)主(zhu)席(xi)(xi)任(ren)法融(rong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)長(chang)(chang)親(qin)手書寫。正(zheng)門(men)兩側抱(bao)柱的(de)(de)對聯(lian)“天地你我怎說不(bu)知,善(shan)惡(e)遲早定必(bi)有報”則是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)第六屆(jie)會(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、曾任(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)院(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)(chang)、陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)名(ming)譽(yu)會(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、西(xi)安(an)市(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、西(xi)安(an)八(ba)(ba)仙宮監院(yuan)(yuan)。陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省人大第七(qi)、八(ba)(ba)、九、十(shi)(shi)屆(jie)代表,西(xi)安(an)市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)第 八(ba)(ba)、九、十(shi)(shi)、十(shi)(shi)一屆(jie)常務委(wei)員、全國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)第十(shi)(shi)屆(jie)常務委(wei)員、全國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)民(min)族宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)事務委(wei)員會(hui)(hui)副(fu)主(zhu)任(ren)委(wei)員、中(zhong)(zhong)華海外聯(lian)誼會(hui)(hui)理事閔智(zhi)亭道(dao)(dao)(dao)長(chang)(chang)留下的(de)(de)墨寶(bao)。
大殿內供奉城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神四(si)(si)品顯佑伯楊(yang)國興大元帥坐像,左(zuo)首為(wei)文判(pan)(pan)官,等(deng)同于衙門里的(de)(de)左(zuo)典史,左(zuo)手(shou)握(wo)有生死簿,調查人民素行(xing)的(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)惡(e)及壽(shou)夭(yao),執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)各(ge)司(si)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)判(pan)(pan)文或檢閱記錄(lu);右(you)首為(wei)武(wu)判(pan)(pan)官則是(shi)相當于右(you)典史,對(dui)于犯行(xing)業已判(pan)(pan)明者,右(you)手(shou)則舉(ju)(ju)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)刑罰(fa)。立柱懸有對(dui)聯“雪(xue)逞風威白占田園能(neng)幾日(ri)(ri),云從(cong)雨勢黑漫大地(di)沒多時”以贊揚城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神的(de)(de)功績。城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)從(cong)屬(shu)除了文武(wu)判(pan)(pan)官還有六司(si)、牛爺(ye)(ye)馬爺(ye)(ye)、范(fan)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)謝將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)、三十(shi)六關將(jiang)(jiang)。六司(si)即(ji)延壽(shou)司(si)、速報司(si)、糾察(cha)司(si)、獎善(shan)(shan)司(si)、罰(fa)惡(e)司(si)、增(zeng)祿(lu)司(si)。牛爺(ye)(ye)與馬爺(ye)(ye)本為(wei)閻羅王的(de)(de)從(cong)屬(shu),乃站在陰陽之間奈何橋(qiao)的(de)(de)守衛。神座兩旁(pang)邊附祀兩位大將(jiang)(jiang),左(zuo)為(wei)謝將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)即(ji)謝必安,俗稱“七爺(ye)(ye)”,高舉(ju)(ju)“火(huo)簽”牌(pai)。右(you)為(wei)范(fan)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)即(ji)范(fan)無救,俗稱“八爺(ye)(ye)”,左(zuo)手(shou)掌手(shou)銬腳(jiao)鏈(lian),右(you)手(shou)拿“賞(shang)善(shan)(shan)罰(fa)惡(e)”四(si)(si)字牌(pai),張牙(ya)舞爪,神氣十(shi)分(fen)嚇人。范(fan)、謝將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun),一高一矮、一黑一白,也(ye)就是(shi)俗稱的(de)(de)黑無常(chang)及白無常(chang),其職責(ze)乃是(shi)押解犯人到城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)法庭,專司(si)緝捕鬼(gui)(gui)魂及惡(e)鬼(gui)(gui),負有維持陰間秩(zhi)序(xu)的(de)(de)職責(ze)。城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)大都陰森肅穆,神前設判(pan)(pan)官、查案司(si)、日(ri)(ri)夜巡(xun)撫等(deng),手(shou)執(zhi)(zhi)刑具,兩廊吏屬(shu)、皂隸(li)、牛頭馬面等(deng),設置一如公堂(tang)。
后殿(dian)被稱為地藏殿(dian),也為幽冥殿(dian),實則(ze)供(gong)奉的(de)(de)乃(nai)是地藏王菩薩,民間稱之為“幽冥教主”,二(er)樓供(gong)奉的(de)(de)是慈航(hang)大士(shi)仙姑(gu)真人(ren)。