宜興市周(zhou)鐵城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟,道教邑廟,位于周(zhou)鐵鎮老街。城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang),又(you)稱城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)、城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺。是(shi)漢民族(zu)宗教文(wen)化中(zhong)普遍崇祀的重(zhong)要神(shen)(shen)祇之一,由有功(gong)于地方民眾的名臣英雄充當,是(shi)漢族(zu)民間和道教信奉守護城(cheng)池之神(shen)(shen)。
周(zhou)鐵(tie)(tie)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟始建于明朝初年(nian),由(you)大明太祖高皇帝朱元璋下(xia)令敕(chi)建,乾隆和道光(guang)年(nian)間亦有(you)重修(xiu)。前(qian)殿供奉城(cheng)隍(huang)神(shen)四品顯佑伯楊(yang)國興大元帥,后(hou)殿供奉幽冥教(jiao)主、二樓慈航(hang)真人。現門前(qian)存(cun)有(you)1800多(duo)年(nian)歲的(de)(de)古(gu)銀(yin)杏樹,系三(san)國時東吳(wu)主吳(wu)太祖大皇帝孫權之母吳(wu)國太所植(zhi)。周(zhou)鐵(tie)(tie)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟坐落(luo)于宜興市較為寂靜較負(fu)有(you)盛名(ming)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)文化名(ming)鎮周(zhou)鐵(tie)(tie)鎮,是宜興地區(qu)重要的(de)(de)道教(jiao)宮(gong)觀,始建于明代,距(ju)今已有(you)六百多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)。風雨倉桑,朝代更(geng)迭,周(zhou)鐵(tie)(tie)城(cheng)隍(huang)廟也(ye)歷經興衰。
在(zai)素有(you)(you)“陶(tao)的(de)(de)古(gu)都,洞的(de)(de)世界,茶的(de)(de)綠洲,竹的(de)(de)海洋”之(zhi)稱的(de)(de)江蘇省宜興市(shi),有(you)(you)一座(zuo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教宮(gong)觀——周鐵城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)。周鐵城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao),乃無錫(xi)頗富盛名(ming)的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教宮(gong)觀。位于風景秀美的(de)(de)太湖西岸、宜興市(shi)周鐵古(gu)鎮(zhen)小街,西靠橫塘河,東臨北街,建(jian)(jian)筑朝(chao)南(nan)(南(nan)偏西15°)。周鐵城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)始(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)于明朝(chao)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),清代(dai)亦有(you)(you)重修(xiu)(xiu),共兩(liang)進(jin)。一進(jin)建(jian)(jian)筑面闊3間(jian)10.70米(mi),進(jin)深(shen)13.30米(mi)。一進(jin)前院內(nei)有(you)(you)千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)銀杏樹一棵。二進(jin)為(wei)二層樓房,進(jin)深(shen)7.40米(mi),廊檐有(you)(you)精(jing)美的(de)(de)花雕。一、二進(jin)之(zhi)間(jian)天井進(jin)深(shen)4.50米(mi),建(jian)(jian)筑總體較為(wei)完整。一進(jin)建(jian)(jian)筑內(nei)有(you)(you)古(gu)碑(bei)兩(liang)方。西面碑(bei)名(ming):重修(xiu)(xiu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)碑(bei)。落(luo)(luo)款:道(dao)(dao)(dao)光二十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歲次戊(wu)申孟夏。碑(bei)通高2米(mi),寬0.86米(mi),碑(bei)座(zuo)寬1米(mi)。東面碑(bei)文模糊難辨(bian),碑(bei)通高1.84米(mi),寬0.70米(mi)。落(luo)(luo)款:乾(qian)(qian)隆戊(wu)辰年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。據城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)內(nei)乾(qian)(qian)隆十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1748年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))和(he)道(dao)(dao)(dao)光二十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1848年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))兩(liang)塊老(lao)碑(bei)記載,城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟(miao)始(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)于明朝(chao)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),后于乾(qian)(qian)隆十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)道(dao)(dao)(dao)光二十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重修(xiu)(xiu)。
作為(wei)宜興地區(qu)重要的(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)宮觀(guan)(guan),周鐵(tie)城隍廟(miao)在“文革”時期遭受了重大的(de)打擊,神像被(bei)毀,解放后(hou)殘(can)破的(de)老(lao)廟(miao)曾作他用(yong)。后(hou)來隨著宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)信仰自(zi)由政(zheng)策逐步落(luo)實,直(zhi)至2009年經上級主(zhu)管部(bu)門(men)批復重建后(hou),重新成為(wei)正(zheng)式開放的(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)宮觀(guan)(guan)。在各(ge)級領導的(de)關心下(xia),在道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)信徒的(de)支(zhi)持下(xia),由吳氏兄弟投入近(jin)千萬資金重修(xiu)城隍廟(miao),于2015年正(zheng)式登記為(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)活動(dong)場所,并以宜興城隍圣誕日四月(yue)初三(san)為(wei)開光慶典活動(dong)日。
今天(tian)(tian)的周鐵城隍廟,包括(kuo)城隍殿(dian)(dian)、地藏(zang)殿(dian)(dian)(幽(you)冥殿(dian)(dian))、慈(ci)航殿(dian)(dian)三個殿(dian)(dian)堂。每天(tian)(tian)來(lai)自全國各地的朝(chao)拜者(zhe)、還愿信(xin)眾甚多(duo)。不管是普通百姓,還是達官貴(gui)人,都會(hui)虔(qian)誠(cheng)拜神,以求城隍保佑。該廟于(yu)2009年列入宜興市文(wen)物保護單位。
城隍廟大殿正門上(shang)懸“城隍廟”匾額,此匾由第(di)(di)七屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang),曾任世界宗教(jiao)和平會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)席(xi)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)協(xie)(xie)常委(wei)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)宗教(jiao)界和平委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)副主(zhu)(zhu)席(xi)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家民族(zu)宗教(jiao)委(wei)副主(zhu)(zhu)任、陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)名譽(yu)(yu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)學院(yuan)院(yuan)長(chang)(chang)、陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)周至樓觀臺道(dao)(dao)(dao)觀監院(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)咨(zi)議委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)席(xi)任法(fa)融道(dao)(dao)(dao)長(chang)(chang)親手書寫。正門兩側(ce)抱柱的(de)對聯(lian)“天(tian)地你(ni)我怎說(shuo)不知,善惡遲(chi)早定必有報”則(ze)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)第(di)(di)六(liu)屆會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、曾任中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)學院(yuan)院(yuan)長(chang)(chang)、陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)名譽(yu)(yu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)安市(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)長(chang)(chang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)安八仙宮監院(yuan)。陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)人大第(di)(di)七、八、九、十(shi)(shi)屆代表,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)安市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)協(xie)(xie)第(di)(di) 八、九、十(shi)(shi)、十(shi)(shi)一屆常務委(wei)員(yuan)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)協(xie)(xie)第(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)屆常務委(wei)員(yuan)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)協(xie)(xie)民族(zu)宗教(jiao)事務委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)副主(zhu)(zhu)任委(wei)員(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華海(hai)外聯(lian)誼會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)理事閔智亭道(dao)(dao)(dao)長(chang)(chang)留下的(de)墨(mo)寶(bao)。
大(da)殿內(nei)供(gong)奉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神(shen)四品顯佑(you)伯(bo)楊國興大(da)元(yuan)帥坐像(xiang),左(zuo)首為文判(pan)官(guan),等(deng)同于(yu)衙門里的(de)(de)左(zuo)典史(shi),左(zuo)手握有生死(si)簿(bu),調查(cha)(cha)人民素行的(de)(de)善(shan)(shan)惡及壽(shou)夭,執行各司(si)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)判(pan)文或(huo)檢閱(yue)記錄;右(you)首為武判(pan)官(guan)則是(shi)相當于(yu)右(you)典史(shi),對于(yu)犯行業已判(pan)明者(zhe),右(you)手則舉(ju)執行刑罰。立(li)柱懸有對聯“雪逞風威白占田園能(neng)幾日(ri),云從雨勢(shi)黑(hei)漫大(da)地沒多時”以贊揚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神(shen)的(de)(de)功績。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)從屬除了文武判(pan)官(guan)還有六司(si)、牛爺(ye)(ye)馬爺(ye)(ye)、范(fan)將軍謝(xie)將軍、三十六關將。六司(si)即延壽(shou)司(si)、速報司(si)、糾(jiu)察司(si)、獎善(shan)(shan)司(si)、罰惡司(si)、增祿司(si)。牛爺(ye)(ye)與馬爺(ye)(ye)本為閻(yan)羅(luo)王(wang)的(de)(de)從屬,乃站在陰(yin)陽(yang)之間奈何(he)橋(qiao)的(de)(de)守衛。神(shen)座兩(liang)旁邊附祀兩(liang)位大(da)將,左(zuo)為謝(xie)將軍即謝(xie)必安,俗稱“七爺(ye)(ye)”,高(gao)舉(ju)“火簽(qian)”牌。右(you)為范(fan)將軍即范(fan)無救,俗稱“八爺(ye)(ye)”,左(zuo)手掌手銬腳鏈,右(you)手拿(na)“賞善(shan)(shan)罰惡”四字牌,張牙(ya)舞爪,神(shen)氣十分嚇人。范(fan)、謝(xie)將軍,一(yi)高(gao)一(yi)矮、一(yi)黑(hei)一(yi)白,也(ye)就是(shi)俗稱的(de)(de)黑(hei)無常及白無常,其職責(ze)乃是(shi)押解犯人到城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)爺(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)法庭(ting),專司(si)緝捕鬼(gui)魂及惡鬼(gui),負(fu)有維持陰(yin)間秩序的(de)(de)職責(ze)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟大(da)都陰(yin)森肅穆(mu),神(shen)前設判(pan)官(guan)、查(cha)(cha)案司(si)、日(ri)夜巡撫等(deng),手執刑具(ju),兩(liang)廊吏屬、皂隸、牛頭馬面等(deng),設置一(yi)如公堂。
后(hou)殿(dian)被稱(cheng)(cheng)為地(di)藏(zang)殿(dian),也為幽冥(ming)殿(dian),實則供奉(feng)的乃是地(di)藏(zang)王菩薩(sa),民間稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為“幽冥(ming)教主”,二樓供奉(feng)的是慈航(hang)大士仙姑真(zhen)人。