宋(song)寧宗慶元四年(nian)(nian)(1198年(nian)(nian))十(shi)月(yue)十(shi)六日,江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)今江西省都(dou)昌(chang)縣陽(yang)峰鄉共(gong)升府(fu)(fu)前村(cun),名(ming)(ming)臨,字(zi)子(zi)遠,號(hao)古(gu)心(xin),萬(wan)(wan)里(li)是其(qi)出(chu)仕后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)用名(ming)(ming)。與(yu)弟江萬(wan)(wan)載、江萬(wan)(wan)頃因為(wei)先后(hou)科(ke)舉(ju)高中(zhong)(zhong),且又(you)都(dou)登仕宋(song)庭(ting)高官,最(zui)后(hou)又(you)先后(hou)殉(xun)國(guo),被(bei)時(shi)人(ren)(ren)和(he)后(hou)世雅稱為(wei)江氏(shi)“三(san)古(gu)”或江氏(shi)“三(san)昆玉”。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)著名(ming)(ming)愛(ai)國(guo)丞相(xiang),民(min)族英雄(xiong),是南(nan)(nan)宋(song)末年(nian)(nian)仕林和(he)文壇領袖,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)十(shi)三(san)世紀著名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治家和(he)教育家。一(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)獨自(zi)(zi)創(chuang)立三(san)所高等學(xue)府(fu)(fu),為(wei)古(gu)今中(zhong)(zhong)外之(zhi)(zhi)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren),尤其(qi)是其(qi)所創(chuang)辦的(de)(de)(de)白鷺(lu)洲書院(yuan),延續千(qian)年(nian)(nian),在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)科(ke)舉(ju)時(shi)代(dai)共(gong)培(pei)養出(chu)文天祥等十(shi)七位狀元,2700多名(ming)(ming)進士(shi),書院(yuan)所在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)江西吉(ji)安(an)科(ke)舉(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)選人(ren)(ren)數幾近(jin)此后(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)科(ke)舉(ju)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)半,被(bei)稱為(wei)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)“文章(zhang)節義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)邦”為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)書院(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)。江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)為(wei)官清廉(lian),敢言直諫,無論朝官還(huan)是放任地(di)方府(fu)(fu)省均政(zheng)績斐然(ran),為(wei)官府(fu)(fu)和(he)百(bai)姓(xing)所稱道;一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)雖(sui)屢受權(quan)(quan)奸排擠,屢遭罷(ba)貶,而(er)始終(zhong)不畏權(quan)(quan)奸,不泯憂國(guo)愛(ai)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin);在(zai)南(nan)(nan)宋(song)末民(min)族矛盾激化,國(guo)家危難之(zhi)(zhi)際(ji),始則“手培(pei)國(guo)本,力(li)(li)濟時(shi)艱”,“但(dan)見拳拳于(yu)(yu)國(guo)事,未嘗(chang)汲汲于(yu)(yu)身(shen)謀”,“極力(li)(li)破權(quan)(quan)門之(zhi)(zhi)死黨(dang),奮身(shen)生(sheng)(sheng)善類之(zhi)(zhi)齊盟,精(jing)白一(yi)(yi)(yi)心(xin),創(chuang)切百(bai)奏,風彩聳聞(wen)于(yu)(yu)列辟,霜棱(leng)愈棱(leng)于(yu)(yu)內臺(tai),其(qi)序升橫(heng)榻(ta)之(zhi)(zhi)班,以增重本朝之(zhi)(zhi)勢”,“以淳心(xin)正學(xue),輔國(guo)視政(zheng),起賢遠識(shi),為(wei)時(shi)奇艾(ai),若(ruo)朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)典章(zhang),軍國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)機務,生(sheng)(sheng)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)休(xiu)戚,政(zheng)治之(zhi)(zhi)得失,皆常履而(er)知(zhi)矣(yi)”當其(qi)窮盡一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng),年(nian)(nian)老體(ti)弱,無力(li)(li)補天之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),則“從容坐守,以為(wei)民(min)望(wang)”“死不離城(cheng)”繼而(er)“去生(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)死,義(yi)節忠(zhong)肝”恨“生(sheng)(sheng)面被(bei)執,為(wei)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)恥”,“憤國(guo)家云之(zhi)(zhi)亡(wang),恥腥膻之(zhi)(zhi)移(yi)(yi),雖(sui)神林故鄉可以終(zhong)其(qi)天年(nian)(nian),旦不肯為(wei),而(er)況于(yu)(yu)屈身(shen)事虜(lu)者(zhe)哉!”最(zui)終(zhong)“左右攜(xie)孫,自(zi)(zi)為(wei)紛紛,父忠(zhong)子(zi)孝,兄貞弟烈(lie)(lie),天義(yi)婦順(shun),笑赴止水”“從之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)同知(zhi)君,積(ji)尸如疊,不審(shen)其(qi)偕老之(zhi)(zhi)媛,而(er)婢仆亦(yi)爭以盡”。在(zai)國(guo)破家亡(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)際(ji),江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)與(yu)其(qi)子(zi)江鎬,毅然(ran)率(lv)180多家人(ren)(ren)投止水池殉(xun)國(guo),希(xi)望(wang)以自(zi)(zi)己及家人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)死喚醒(xing)“天下忠(zhong)義(yi)節烈(lie)(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)聞(wen)風而(er)起,聚(ju)集萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)眾人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)力(li)(li),保江山社稷不移(yi)(yi)腥膻,道德文章(zhang)不墮(duo)宇內”,其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)堪稱古(gu)今之(zhi)(zhi)完人(ren)(ren),千(qian)古(gu)道德風范(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)楷模。
宋嘉定(ding)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(1222年(nian)(nian)),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬里(li)貢(gong)入(ru)大學(xue)(xue),太(tai)子趙昀(宋理宗(zong))極為(wei)(wei)(wei)賞識,曾書(shu)“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬里(li)”三(san)字(zi)于(yu)(yu)幾硯之間(jian)(jian)。寶(bao)(bao)慶二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1226年(nian)(nian))以舍(she)(she)選登進(jin)士(shi)第,所作(zuo)策論(lun),《郭(guo)(guo)子儀(yi)單騎見虎》文(wen)中(zhong)表(biao)露對郭(guo)(guo)子儀(yi)的(de)膽識和愛國情操仰慕(mu)之情,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)考官(guan)(guan)閱卷為(wei)(wei)(wei)之動情,欣然批道:“立(li)意新而措詞妙(miao),高古文(wen)也。”寶(bao)(bao)慶六年(nian)(nian),以舍(she)(she)選出(chu)身,任(ren)(ren)(ren)池州(zhou)教授。后召館試,歷任(ren)(ren)(ren)著作(zuo)佐郎,權(quan)尚左(zuo)郎官(guan)(guan)兼(jian)(jian)樞密院(yuan)檢(jian)詳文(wen)字(zi)。嘉熙四年(nian)(nian)(1240年(nian)(nian))出(chu)知(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)州(zhou)軍,其(qi)(qi)所作(zuo)《勸農(nong)詩(shi)》云(yun):“父(fu)老前來(lai)吾語(yu)爾,官(guan)(guan)民相(xiang)近(jin)古遺(yi)風。欲知(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)守樂(le)其(qi)(qi)樂(le),樂(le)在田(tian)家歡笑中(zhong)。”從政(zheng)之余,特別熱心教育。淳祜元年(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian))于(yu)(yu)吉(ji)州(zhou)州(zhou)治(zhi)廬陵(ling)縣(xian)城東贛江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之心,創建白鷺(lu)州(zhou)書(shu)院(yuan),廣(guang)泛收(shou)藏圖書(shu),收(shou)授門徒(tu)。奏聞(wen)朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting),理宗(zong)御(yu)書(shu)賜(si)匾額(e)“白鷺(lu)州(zhou)書(shu)院(yuan)”。當時書(shu)院(yuan)沒有(you)(you)另任(ren)(ren)(ren)山長,他(ta)(ta)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)(qi)事,自(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)生(sheng)講(jiang)(jiang)授,忘其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大府(fu)。后人為(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)立(li)碑,表(biao)彰他(ta)(ta)的(de)辦學(xue)(xue)功(gong)道:江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬里(li)創白鷺(lu)書(shu)院(yuan),使(shi)(shi)“縉紳(即(ji)官(guan)(guan)宦代稱)德之,吏民憐之,悍(han)卒(zu)(勇猛(meng)之人)化(hua)之”。第二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian),遷(qian)(qian)直(zhi)秘(mi)閣(ge),知(zhi)(zhi)隆(long)興(xing)府(fu),又在隆(long)興(xing)府(fu)建宗(zong)濂精舍(she)(she),廣(guang)聚生(sheng)徒(tu),講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)。奏聞(wen)朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting),理宗(zong)又親賜(si)書(shu)御(yu)書(shu)匾額(e)。這期間(jian)(jian),他(ta)(ta)還囑告南安(an)知(zhi)(zhi)軍林(lin)壽公在其(qi)(qi)軍治(zhi)大庾縣(xian)源三(san)先生(sheng)祠(祀周敦頤,程頤,程顥(hao))擴(kuo)建為(wei)(wei)(wei)周程書(shu)院(yuan)。因辦學(xue)(xue)成績卓(zhuo)著,于(yu)(yu)淳祜三(san)年(nian)(nian)遷(qian)(qian)考功(gong)郎官(guan)(guan),兼(jian)(jian)直(zhi)秘(mi)閣(ge),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管健康(kang)府(fu)崇禧觀。不(bu)久,改任(ren)(ren)(ren)紹興(xing)府(fu)千秋鳴禧觀,后又以駕部郎官(guan)(guan)召,遷(qian)(qian)尚右兼(jian)(jian)侍(shi)講(jiang)(jiang)。五年(nian)(nian)(1245年(nian)(nian))三(san)月(yue)(yue),與理宗(zong)談論(lun)諸(zhu)事得(de)失,曾說(shuo):“君子只知(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)事非,不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)利(li)害(hai)。”他(ta)(ta)秉性(xing)耿直(zhi),剛正不(bu)阿,十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)上書(shu)彈劾(he)林(lin)光遷(qian)(qian)等依權(quan)附勢之徒(tu)。十(shi)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)不(bu)顧主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)降派反對,勸說(shuo)理宗(zong)啟用趙葵主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)兵(bing)事,陳韋單主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)財政(zheng),使(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)戰派一(yi)度得(de)以執掌朝(chao)(chao)政(zheng),為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)屢(lv)遭主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)降派攻擊。六年(nian)(nian),他(ta)(ta)升遷(qian)(qian)監察御(yu)史兼(jian)(jian)侍(shi)講(jiang)(jiang),未幾,又升殿(dian)中(zhong)侍(shi)御(yu)史。這時的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬里(li),“器望(wang)清峻(jun),論(lun)議風采(cai),傾動于(yu)(yu)時。”但(dan)忤者嫉妒(du),謗言興(xing)起,言其(qi)(qi)母病未能及時到家送(song)終(zhong),使(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)遭受酷罰(fa),坐廢(fei)十(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)。
寶祐三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1255年(nian)(nian)(nian)),由于陸德(de)興為江萬(wan)(wan)里(li)辨白而(er)(er)得(de)以啟用(yong),任(ren)(ren)福(fu)建(jian)轉運使。開慶元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1259年(nian)(nian)(nian))正月,投入京湖宣撫大使賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道幕(mu)下任(ren)(ren)參謀官。十(shi)月賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道入相,萬(wan)(wan)里(li)同(tong)時(shi)入朝兼(jian)國子監(jian)祭灑,侍讀(du)。景定(ding)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1260年(nian)(nian)(nian))入對。遷刑部(bu)侍郎。不(bu)久(jiu),升吏部(bu)尚書。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1261年(nian)(nian)(nian))。進遷端明殿學士,同(tong)簽書樞密(mi)院院事兼(jian)太子賓(bin)客(ke)。這年(nian)(nian)(nian),萬(wan)(wan)里(li)已年(nian)(nian)(nian)逾六十(shi),是賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道府(fu)(fu)中之任(ren)(ren)職最(zui)久(jiu)者。他開始雖府(fu)(fu)仰(yang)默客(ke),為賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道所(suo)用(yong),但他秉性耿直,臨(lin)(lin)事不(bu)能無(wu)言。賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道惡(討(tao)厭)其輕(qing)發(輕(qing)率,說話不(bu)夠(gou)慎重),經常(chang)觸(chu)怒(nu)賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道,故(gu)第每次都不(bu)能久(jiu)在(zai)其位。這年(nian)(nian)(nian)。又因(yin)言論而(er)(er)被解職,只以端明殿學士提臨(lin)(lin)安府(fu)(fu)洞霄宮。至(zhi)景定(ding)四年(nian)(nian)(nian),才以原職出任(ren)(ren)福(fu)州知州兼(jian)福(fu)建(jian)安撫使。
景(jing)定四年(nian)十(shi)一月(yue),宋(song)度宗即(ji)位,詔求直言善諫之士,召江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)回行都臨安(an)。咸淳(chun)(chun)元年(nian)(1265年(nian))二(er)月(yue),任(ren)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)同(tong)知樞密院事(shi)(shi),兼(jian)參知政(zheng)事(shi)(shi),又(you)(you)與賈(jia)似道(dao)同(tong)朝。賈(jia)似道(dao)擅政(zheng)后(hou),位極(ji)人臣,極(ji)力推行賣國張(zhang),使疆(jiang)土日削,國勢日危,萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)不(bu)能耐(nai)何(he),便于同(tong)年(nian)七(qi)月(yue),奏請歸田,未允。十(shi)二(er)月(yue),賈(jia)似道(dao)辭職(zhi)要挾度宗,宋(song)度宗涕泣,欲拜(bai)留,萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)當即(ji)以(yi)身掖帝(di)云:“自古(gu)無(wu)此君(jun)臣禮,陛下不(bu)可拜(bai)。”又(you)(you)一次觸怒了(le)賈(jia)。帝(di)在(zai)講(jiang)筵,每(mei)問經史及古(gu)人姓名(ming),賈(jia)不(bu)能對,萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)常從(cong)旁代(dai)答,使賈(jia)積怒而謀逐出萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)。江萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)與賈(jia)似道(dao)每(mei)每(mei)相忤,不(bu)得已(yi)四次上(shang)書求退,于咸淳(chun)(chun)三年(nian)出知太平州(zhou)兼(jian)江東轉運(yun)使,后(hou)又(you)(you)轉湖(hu)南(nan)任(ren)安(an)撫大(da)使,咸淳(chun)(chun)五年(nian),又(you)(you)自湖(hu)南(nan)召拜(bai)參知政(zheng)事(shi)(shi),封南(nan)康郡公(gong),剛到任(ren),又(you)(you)拜(bai)左丞相兼(jian)樞密使。六年(nian),蒙古(gu)軍圍攻襄(xiang)陽,萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)屢請派援軍救護,賈(jia)似道(dao)不(bu)許,于是(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)又(you)(you)因此被委以(yi)觀文殿(dian)大(da)學(xue)士出知福州(zhou)兼(jian)福建安(an)撫大(da)使,萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)堅持,依舊職(zhi)提舉洞霄(xiao)宮。
咸淳(chun)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1274),元(yuan)兵(bing)大(da)舉渡江(jiang)(jiang),江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),泰然處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)走不(bu)逃。憤而怒曰:“大(da)勢不(bu)可支,余雖不(bu)在位,當(dang)與宋(song)嘉(jia)定十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1222年(nian)(nian)(nian)),江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)貢入大(da)學,太(tai)子趙昀(宋(song)理宗(zong))極為(wei)賞識,曾書(shu)(shu)(shu)“江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)”三(san)字于(yu)幾(ji)(ji)硯(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。寶(bao)慶二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1226年(nian)(nian)(nian))以舍選(xuan)登進士(shi)第,所作(zuo)策論(lun),《郭子儀(yi)單騎(qi)見虎(hu)》文中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)露(lu)對郭子儀(yi)的(de)膽(dan)識和愛(ai)國情(qing)操仰慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)考官(guan)閱卷為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動情(qing),欣然批道(dao):“立意新而措詞妙,高古文也。”寶(bao)慶六年(nian)(nian)(nian),以舍選(xuan)出(chu)身(shen),任(ren)(ren)池州(zhou)(zhou)教授。后召館試,歷(li)任(ren)(ren)著(zhu)作(zuo)佐郎(lang)(lang),權尚左郎(lang)(lang)官(guan)兼樞密院(yuan)檢詳文字。嘉(jia)熙四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1240年(nian)(nian)(nian))出(chu)知(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)軍(jun),其(qi)(qi)所作(zuo)《勸農詩》云:“父老(lao)前(qian)來吾(wu)語(yu)爾,官(guan)民(min)相近古遺風(feng)(feng)。欲知(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)守(shou)樂其(qi)(qi)樂,樂在田家歡笑(xiao)中(zhong)(zhong)。”從(cong)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余,特別熱心(xin)(xin)教育。淳(chun)祜元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian)(nian))于(yu)吉(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)州(zhou)(zhou)治(zhi)廬陵縣城東贛江(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin),創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)白(bai)鷺(lu)州(zhou)(zhou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan),廣(guang)泛收藏圖(tu)書(shu)(shu)(shu),收授門(men)徒。奏(zou)聞朝(chao)廷,理宗(zong)御書(shu)(shu)(shu)賜匾額(e)(e)“白(bai)鷺(lu)州(zhou)(zhou)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)”。當(dang)時(shi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)沒有另任(ren)(ren)山長(chang),他自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)(qi)事,自(zi)(zi)為(wei)諸生(sheng)(sheng)講(jiang)授,忘其(qi)(qi)為(wei)大(da)府(fu)。后人為(wei)他立碑,表(biao)彰他的(de)辦學功(gong)道(dao):江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)創(chuang)白(bai)鷺(lu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan),使“縉(jin)紳(shen)(即官(guan)宦代稱(cheng))德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吏民(min)憐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),悍卒(zu)(勇猛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。第二年(nian)(nian)(nian),遷直(zhi)秘閣,知(zhi)(zhi)隆興府(fu),又(you)(you)在隆興府(fu)建(jian)(jian)宗(zong)濂精(jing)舍,廣(guang)聚生(sheng)(sheng)徒,講(jiang)學其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)。奏(zou)聞朝(chao)廷,理宗(zong)又(you)(you)親賜書(shu)(shu)(shu)御書(shu)(shu)(shu)匾額(e)(e)。這期間(jian),他還(huan)囑告南安知(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)林壽(shou)公(gong)在其(qi)(qi)軍(jun)治(zhi)大(da)庾(yu)縣源三(san)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)祠(祀周敦頤,程頤,程顥(hao))擴建(jian)(jian)為(wei)周程書(shu)(shu)(shu)院(yuan)。因辦學成績卓著(zhu),于(yu)淳(chun)祜三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)遷考功(gong)郎(lang)(lang)官(guan),兼直(zhi)秘閣,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)健康(kang)府(fu)崇(chong)禧觀(guan)。不(bu)久(jiu),改任(ren)(ren)紹興府(fu)千秋鳴禧觀(guan),后又(you)(you)以駕(jia)部郎(lang)(lang)官(guan)召,遷尚右兼侍講(jiang)。五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1245年(nian)(nian)(nian))三(san)月,與理宗(zong)談論(lun)諸事得(de)失,曾說:“君子只知(zhi)(zhi)有事非(fei),不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)有利害(hai)。”他秉性耿直(zhi),剛(gang)正不(bu)阿,十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月上書(shu)(shu)(shu)彈劾林光遷等依權附勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒。十(shi)二月不(bu)顧主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)降派(pai)反(fan)對,勸說理宗(zong)啟用趙葵(kui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持兵(bing)事,陳韋單主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持財政(zheng),使主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)戰(zhan)派(pai)一(yi)(yi)度得(de)以執掌朝(chao)政(zheng),為(wei)此屢遭主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)降派(pai)攻擊。六年(nian)(nian)(nian),他升(sheng)遷監(jian)察(cha)御史兼侍講(jiang),未幾(ji)(ji),又(you)(you)升(sheng)殿中(zhong)(zhong)侍御史。這時(shi)的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li),“器望清峻,論(lun)議(yi)風(feng)(feng)采,傾動于(yu)時(shi)。”但忤者嫉妒,謗言興起(qi),言其(qi)(qi)母病(bing)未能及時(shi)到(dao)家送終,使其(qi)(qi)遭受酷罰,坐廢十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)。
寶祐三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1255年(nian)(nian)(nian)),由于陸德興為(wei)江萬里(li)辨白而得以啟用(yong),任福(fu)建轉(zhuan)運使。開(kai)慶元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1259年(nian)(nian)(nian))正月,投入(ru)(ru)京湖宣撫大使賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)幕下任參謀官(guan)。十月賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)入(ru)(ru)相,萬里(li)同時(shi)入(ru)(ru)朝兼國子監祭灑,侍讀。景(jing)定元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1260年(nian)(nian)(nian))入(ru)(ru)對。遷(qian)(qian)刑部侍郎。不(bu)久(jiu),升吏部尚書(shu)。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1261年(nian)(nian)(nian))。進遷(qian)(qian)端明殿(dian)學士,同簽書(shu)樞密院(yuan)院(yuan)事(shi)(shi)兼太子賓(bin)客。這年(nian)(nian)(nian),萬里(li)已(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)逾六十,是賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)府中(zhong)之任職(zhi)最久(jiu)者。他開(kai)始雖府仰默客,為(wei)賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)所用(yong),但(dan)他秉性耿直,臨事(shi)(shi)不(bu)能無言。賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao)惡(討(tao)厭)其輕發(fa)(輕率,說話不(bu)夠慎重),經(jing)常觸怒(nu)賈(jia)(jia)似(si)道(dao),故(gu)第每次(ci)都(dou)不(bu)能久(jiu)在其位。這年(nian)(nian)(nian)。又因言論(lun)而被解職(zhi),只以端明殿(dian)學士提臨安(an)府洞(dong)霄宮。至景(jing)定四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian),才(cai)以原職(zhi)出任福(fu)州知州兼福(fu)建安(an)撫使。
景(jing)定四年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue),宋(song)度宗(zong)即(ji)位(wei),詔求(qiu)直(zhi)言善諫之(zhi)士,召(zhao)(zhao)江萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)回行(xing)都臨(lin)安。咸淳(chun)(chun)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1265年(nian)(nian)(nian))二月(yue)(yue),任(ren)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)同知樞密(mi)院事(shi),兼參(can)知政(zheng)事(shi),又(you)與賈(jia)(jia)(jia)似道(dao)同朝。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)似道(dao)擅政(zheng)后(hou),位(wei)極人臣,極力推行(xing)賣國張,使(shi)(shi)(shi)疆土日削(xue),國勢日危,萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)能(neng)耐(nai)何,便于同年(nian)(nian)(nian)七月(yue)(yue),奏請歸(gui)田,未允。十(shi)二月(yue)(yue),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)似道(dao)辭職(zhi)要挾度宗(zong),宋(song)度宗(zong)涕泣(qi),欲拜(bai)(bai)留,萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)當即(ji)以身掖帝云(yun):“自古(gu)無此君臣禮,陛下(xia)不(bu)可拜(bai)(bai)。”又(you)一(yi)次(ci)觸(chu)怒了(le)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)。帝在講筵(yan),每(mei)問經史及古(gu)人姓(xing)名,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)不(bu)能(neng)對(dui),萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)常(chang)從(cong)旁代答(da),使(shi)(shi)(shi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)積怒而謀逐出(chu)萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。江萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與賈(jia)(jia)(jia)似道(dao)每(mei)每(mei)相忤,不(bu)得已四次(ci)上書(shu)求(qiu)退(tui),于咸淳(chun)(chun)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)知太平州兼江東轉運使(shi)(shi)(shi),后(hou)又(you)轉湖(hu)南任(ren)安撫(fu)大(da)(da)使(shi)(shi)(shi),咸淳(chun)(chun)五年(nian)(nian)(nian),又(you)自湖(hu)南召(zhao)(zhao)拜(bai)(bai)參(can)知政(zheng)事(shi),封南康郡公,剛(gang)到任(ren),又(you)拜(bai)(bai)左丞(cheng)相兼樞密(mi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)。六年(nian)(nian)(nian),蒙古(gu)軍(jun)圍(wei)攻襄陽,萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)屢請派(pai)援軍(jun)救護,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)似道(dao)不(bu)許,于是萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)又(you)因此被委以觀文殿大(da)(da)學士出(chu)知福州兼福建安撫(fu)大(da)(da)使(shi)(shi)(shi),萬(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)堅持(chi),依(yi)舊職(zhi)提舉洞霄(xiao)宮(gong)。
咸(xian)淳十(shi)年(nian)(1274),元(yuan)兵大(da)舉渡江,江萬(wan)里(li)聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),泰然處(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不走不逃(tao)。憤而怒曰:“大(da)勢不可支,余雖不在位,當與(yu)國(guo)共存亡。”德祐元(yuan)年(nian)(1275),饒(rao)州城破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,正是(shi)江萬(wan)里(li)率(lv)子(zi)侄多(duo)人(ren)投止水自盡殉國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時。朝(chao)野上下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)震動,國(guo)人(ren)志(zhi)士無不致哀,文(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥(xiang)更是(shi)哭(ku)曰:“星(xing)抒臺衡地,斯文(wen)(wen)去(qu)矣休(xiu)。湖光與(yu)天(tian)遠,屈注滄江流。”后張世杰收復(fu)饒(rao)州,宋恭帝為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輟(chuo)朝(chao)哀悼(dao),詔贈(zeng)太(tai)傅、益國(guo)公。后加贈(zeng)太(tai)師,謚(shi)號(hao)文(wen)(wen)忠(zhong)。江萬(wan)里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門人(ren)后學(xue)(xue),或(huo)(huo)(huo)追(zhui)隨文(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥(xiang)起(qi)兵,或(huo)(huo)(huo)與(yu)義(yi)軍(jun)轉戰南(nan)北,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)岳麓(lu)書(shu)院(yuan)諸(zhu)生(sheng)保(bao)衛潭州,或(huo)(huo)(huo)隱(yin)匿山林(lin)屢征不出,或(huo)(huo)(huo)就(jiu)教(jiao)書(shu)院(yuan)終老(lao)林(lin)泉。國(guo)共存亡。”德祐元(yuan)年(nian)(1275),饒(rao)州城破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,正是(shi)江萬(wan)里(li)率(lv)子(zi)侄多(duo)人(ren)投止水自盡殉國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時。朝(chao)野上下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)震動,國(guo)人(ren)志(zhi)士無不致哀,文(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥(xiang)更是(shi)哭(ku)曰:“星(xing)抒臺衡地,斯文(wen)(wen)去(qu)矣休(xiu)。湖光與(yu)天(tian)遠,屈注滄江流。”后張世杰收復(fu)饒(rao)州,宋恭帝為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輟(chuo)朝(chao)哀悼(dao),詔贈(zeng)太(tai)傅、益國(guo)公。后加贈(zeng)太(tai)師,謚(shi)號(hao)文(wen)(wen)忠(zhong)。江萬(wan)里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門人(ren)后學(xue)(xue),或(huo)(huo)(huo)追(zhui)隨文(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥(xiang)起(qi)兵,或(huo)(huo)(huo)與(yu)義(yi)軍(jun)轉戰南(nan)北,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)岳麓(lu)書(shu)院(yuan)諸(zhu)生(sheng)保(bao)衛潭州,或(huo)(huo)(huo)隱(yin)匿山林(lin)屢征不出,或(huo)(huo)(huo)就(jiu)教(jiao)書(shu)院(yuan)終老(lao)林(lin)泉。
江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)一(yi)生歷兩朝(chao),宦海幾度沉浮,先后任過吉州、隆興知府、駕御郎官(guan)、尚右(you)兼(jian)侍讀、監察御史(shi)、右(you)正言殿(dian)中(zhong)待御史(shi)、左丞相(xiang)兼(jian)樞(shu)(shu)密使,但他(ta)無(wu)論是位(wei)高權重(zhong)還是貶(bian)謫(zhe)期間(jian),始終不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忘(wang)愛國,正所謂“屆(jie)廟堂(tang)之(zhi)高,則憂其(qi)君;處(chu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖(hu)(hu)之(zhi)遠,則憂其(qi)民(min)”。南宋理宗時(shi),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)任待御史(shi),其(qi)母(mu)病(bing)危(wei)(wei),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)因公務繁(fan)忙不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能脫身(shen)(shen),只是派其(qi)弟回家探(tan)望(wang),當他(ta)親自返家里(li)(li),其(qi)母(mu)已病(bing)故(gu)。這時(shi),朝(chao)中(zhong)有(you)人誹議說(shuo)他(ta)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忠不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)孝”,這在當時(shi)可(ke)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小的(de)罪狀,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)因此在家賦閑(xian)(xian)12年。宋度宗即位(wei),度宗念江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)之(zhi)遠見卓(zhuo)識,任命(ming)他(ta)擔任同知樞(shu)(shu)密院事(shi)兼(jian)參知政事(shi),逢權臣賈似(si)道得寵,與賈曲阿(a)逢迎不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)因剛直(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)阿(a)而為(wei)(wei)賈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)被再次罷(ba)官(guan)。南宋將亡,宋度宗再次想起曾被自己(ji)譽為(wei)(wei)“國之(zhi)柱石”的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li),遂任命(ming)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)左丞相(xiang)兼(jian)樞(shu)(shu)密院使。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)一(yi)身(shen)(shen)領兩府,加上時(shi)局(ju)維艱,公務更為(wei)(wei)繁(fan)忙。因湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)襄(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)被元兵圍困,臨安危(wei)(wei)在旦夕(軍(jun)事(shi)家有(you)“襄(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)破,南宋亡”之(zhi)說(shuo)),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)力(li)主抗元,提出襄(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)解圍良策,與賈似(si)道相(xiang)抵觸被再度罷(ba)官(guan)。罷(ba)官(guan)賦閑(xian)(xian)后的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)對(dui)前來(lai)探(tan)望(wang)的(de)學生文天祥執手相(xiang)看淚眼,囑予國事(shi)并寄予殷(yin)切的(de)希望(wang)。
作(zuo)為著名(ming)學者,史(shi)書稱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里“問(wen)學德望(wang),優于諸(zhu)臣(chen)”,“議論風采,傾動(dong)一(yi)時(shi)”,是歷史(shi)公(gong)認的與歐(ou)陽修(xiu)、司馬(ma)光(guang)齊名(ming)的歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化名(ming)人,文(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥稱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里“都范(fan)(范(fan)仲(zhong)俺)、馬(ma)(司馬(ma)光(guang))之望(wang)于一(yi)身(shen)”。文(wen)(wen)天(tian)祥曾在《賀江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)左丞相除湖南安(an)撫使(shi)判潭(tan)洲(zhou)》一(yi)文(wen)(wen)中(zhong)對(dui)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里的學問(wen)名(ming)節有過精彩的評述:“……修(xiu)名(ming)偉(wei)節,以日月為明,泰山為高;奧學精言,為天(tian)地立心(xin),生民立命……”江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)萬(wan)(wan)里壯(zhuang)烈殉國后,門(men)生劉辰翁(著名(ming)愛國詩人)在《江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)文(wen)(wen)忠公(gong)祠堂記》中(zhong)說:“自(zi)斯文(wen)(wen)一(yi)變而至(zhi)歐(ou)公(gong),再變而至(zhi)先生……其好士似(si)(si)(si)歐(ou)公(gong)”論諫似(si)(si)(si)歐(ou)公(gong),變文(wen)(wen)體似(si)(si)(si)歐(ou)公(gong),而又得謚似(si)(si)(si)歐(ou)公(gong)”。
作(zuo)為書(shu)院(yuan)教(jiao)育家,江(jiang)萬里依(yi)然成就斐然。他先后創辦了白(bai)鷺洲書(shu)院(yuan)、道源書(shu)院(yuan)、宗濂精舍等(deng)三所書(shu)院(yuan),就是(shi)在被(bei)(bei)貶期間還被(bei)(bei)邀請(qing)到安徽黟(yi)縣石鼓寺講學(xue)。江(jiang)萬里一(yi)生獎掖人才,培(pei)養(yang)出了一(yi)批以文天(tian)祥為代表的(de)(de)杰出人士,另外(wai)還有劉南(nan)圃(pu)、劉辰翁(weng)、歐(ou)陽守(shou)道、鄧光(guang)薦等(deng)都是(shi)他的(de)(de)學(xue)生。