馬寶(bao)(1628-1699年(nian)),字城璧,號佩瑗,排行老(lao)三(san)(san),亦稱三(san)(san)寶(bao),明末陜西(xi)平涼府(fu)隆(long)德轉角(jiao)嘴人(ren)(ren)(今(jin)寧夏固原市隆(long)德縣(xian)沙塘鎮馬家(jia)河村),1628年(nian)孟夏出生,出生時母逝,被(bei)父棄于(yu)山野,三(san)(san)日后其嫂去看,禽獸不食,且還活著(zhu),帶回家(jia)撫養,異人(ren)(ren),食量大(da),年(nian)少力抵成(cheng)人(ren)(ren)。魁(kui)梧赤(chi)眼,擅使(shi)鞣鞭(bian)槍(qiang),足智多(duo)謀,英勇善戰(zhan)。排行老(lao)三(san)(san),又因唐初,有驍騎將馬三(san)(san)寶(bao),人(ren)(ren)羨(xian)其勇,亦以三(san)(san)寶(bao)呼之(zhi)。生有五(wu)子,次(ci)子自援,恂恂儒雅,諳韻學《等韻》,有詩集行世。
祟楨十六年(1643年),李(li)(li)自成(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)破隆德,馬寶投(tou)李(li)(li)自成(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)隊。李(li)(li)自成(cheng)(cheng)入北京(jing)時(1644年),馬寶已(yi)因戰(zhan)功擢升(sheng)老營(ying)副營(ying)總。
1645年(nian),李自成歿后,寶擁護(hu)明桂王朱由榔(1647年(nian)稱永歷帝)南(nan)明朝,封安定伯。
順治(zhi)七年(nian)(nian)(1650)二月(yue),平南王(wang)尚可(ke)(ke)喜圍攻(gong)(gong)廣州(zhou)。五月(yue),永(yong)(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)(di)遣寶襲清遠(yuan),以(yi)救廣州(zhou),被可(ke)(ke)喜使(shi)將擊敗。八(ba)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)月(yue),永(yong)(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)(di)自南寧退安隆,寶率(lv)明軍(jun)轉戰(zhan)廣西(xi)山(shan)谷間。九年(nian)(nian)五月(yue),永(yong)(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)(di)遣李(li)定(ding)國(guo)攻(gong)(gong)兩廣,連陷桂林(lin)、柳(liu)州(zhou),寶率(lv)兵(bing)(bing)與定(ding)國(guo)聚。十(shi)(shi)月(yue),寶率(lv)廣西(xi)明軍(jun)東(dong)(dong)取(qu)陽(yang)山(shan)、連州(zhou),占領廣東(dong)(dong)西(xi)北部(bu)。十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)四(si)月(yue),攻(gong)(gong)肇慶兵(bing)(bing)敗,隨可(ke)(ke)望(wang)(wang)走貴州(zhou)。十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian),定(ding)國(guo)奉(feng)永(yong)(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)(di)入(ru)云(yun)南。十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian),可(ke)(ke)望(wang)(wang)據貴州(zhou)叛(pan),永(yong)(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)(di)遣定(ding)國(guo)討之,可(ke)(ke)望(wang)(wang)使(shi)寶間道襲云(yun)南,欲(yu)掩執(zhi)(zhi)永(yong)(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。然(ran)可(ke)(ke)望(wang)(wang)拔扈,部(bu)下不執(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)令。寶得知沐天波(bo)守云(yun)南,停兵(bing)(bing)不進,暗示定(ding)國(guo)襲擊可(ke)(ke)望(wang)(wang),可(ke)(ke)望(wang)(wang)敗逃。寶歸云(yun)南,十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)永(yong)(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)(di)封寶淮國(guo)公。
十六年,南明(ming)朝兵(bing)敗,永歷帝自騰越奔南甸,寶走鶴(he)慶,又至麗(li)江、蘭坪州,十月在(zai)劍川無(wu)奈剃(ti)發降清。三桂(gui)見寶獷(guang)猛,厚結之(zhi)(zhi)。十七年,三桂(gui)奏請以降兵(bing)為十營(ying),營(ying)千二(er)百人,以投誠(cheng)官(guan)分統之(zhi)(zhi)。并(bing)擬寶等為總兵(bing)官(guan),清廷部(bu)議如所(suo)請,封寶為右都督充中營(ying)總兵(bing)官(guan)。
十八年(nian),三桂遣寶(bao)剿馬乃土司龍兆(zhao)吉,斬(zhan)之。康熙五年(nian),寶(bao)調曲(qu)靖武營總兵官。
康熙十二(er)年(nian)十一月,三桂復明,改國(guo)號為周元(yuan)年(nian),鑄印(yin)曰“天下都招討兵(bing)馬大(da)元(yuan)帥之印(yin)”,封寶國(guo)公,銜(xian)為鐵騎總管(guan)將(jiang)軍(jun)。
寶自(zi)云南率軍(jun)(jun)先(xian)驅陷貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)提督李本深于(yu)貴(gui)陽(yang)率部(bu)歸迎(ying)。寶兵(bing)(bing)(bing)至鎮(zhen)遠(yuan),巡撫曹申吉、總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)王永清皆降。十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),寶至湖(hu)南,用奇兵(bing)(bing)(bing)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)陷沅(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、辰州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),俘清總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)官崔世(shi)祿;清巡撫盧(lu)震棄(qi)長(chang)沙(sha),逃往岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。荊襄的清廷兵(bing)(bing)(bing)將(jiang),皆不(bu)敢渡江(jiang)(jiang)赴援。吳應麟(lin)援兵(bing)(bing)(bing)繼至,寶先(xian)后攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)常德、岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、澧州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、衡(heng)陽(yang)等(deng)四(si)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)一(yi)(yi)府.四(si)川(chuan)巡撫盧(lu)森,長(chang)沙(sha)副(fu)將(jiang)黃正(zheng)(zheng)卿,岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)參(can)將(jiang)李國棟投降。寶占領了川(chuan)湘一(yi)(yi)帶,聲勢日(ri)盛(sheng)。三桂(gui)赴常州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)督師(shi),令寶嚴守(shou)岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),扼洞庭(ting)湖(hu)口,布重(zhong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)于(yu)澧州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、石首、花容(rong)、松滋(zi)之間.為(wei)(wei)犄角之勢。寶續(xu)襲(xi)江(jiang)(jiang)西。十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正(zheng)(zheng)月,康熙令岳(yue)(yue)樂進(jin)逼長(chang)沙(sha),寶據岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),出沒湖(hu)湘間,道路為(wei)(wei)梗。十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三月,清兵(bing)(bing)(bing)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)長(chang)沙(sha),寶令所屬彝陵(ling)、南漳諸將(jiang)領分(fen)擾(rao)清營。十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月,清兵(bing)(bing)(bing)圍長(chang)沙(sha),寶自(zi)岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)馳援,長(chang)沙(sha)圍解。十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月,寶率大軍(jun)(jun)萬(wan)余攻(gong)(gong)(gong)克(ke)(ke)韶州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),渡河至蓮花山,薄羅江(jiang)(jiang),被清軍(jun)(jun)內外(wai)夾擊,失利奔帽峰山。十(shi)二月,寶率軍(jun)(jun)赴衡(heng)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。十(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正(zheng)(zheng)月,又(you)由宜章入廣西,二月,復(fu)至衡(heng)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),營江(jiang)(jiang)東岸為(wei)(wei)聲援。六月初,寶攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)彬(bin)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),率數(shu)萬(wan)人(ren)馬南下(xia),又(you)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)衡(heng)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)大門永興,清都(dou)統伊(yi)里布,副(fu)都(dou)統哈(ha)克(ke)(ke)山相繼戰死。寶占領清軍(jun)(jun)河外(wai)營壘,清統領碩岱城(cheng)中固守(shou)。寶三面環(huan)攻(gong)(gong)(gong),晝夜不(bu)停。八(ba)月,永興將(jiang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia),三桂(gui)亡,寶焚兵(bing)(bing)(bing)營撤軍(jun)(jun),吳諸將(jiang)立世(shi)璠,世(shi)璠拜(bai)寶為(wei)(wei)少傅(fu)兼太子(zi)太傅(fu)、掛大將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)印總統,專司閫外(wai),銜為(wei)(wei)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)馬大元(yuan)帥。
十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)五(wu)月(yue),簡親王(wang)喇布給(gei)益陽知縣徐(xu)璫參議道銜,齎諭(yu)招撫,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)殺之。十(shi)(shi)月(yue),上降敕諭(yu)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)曰:“爾(er)(er)等(deng)本系吳三(san)(san)(san)桂藩下人。三(san)(san)(san)桂反叛,爾(er)(er)等(deng)率黨抗拒大(da)兵,或(huo)非本懷。爾(er)(er)若(ruo)能(neng)悔罪(zui)歸誠,前罪(zui)悉赦,仍(reng)論功敘錄。標下將士,概從(cong)寬宥(you),酌量加(jia)恩。爾(er)(er)其盡釋(shi)疑(yi)衷,勉圖后效”。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)抗拒如故。清兵復(fu)湖南、廣西,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)退貴州,守遵義。十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月(yue),清兵攻克(ke)四川保寧,王(wang)屏藩窮(qiong)蹙(cu),自殺。三(san)(san)(san)月(yue),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)復(fu)襲四川,攻克(ke)瀘州、敘州。在四川時,曾派人馱貨(huo)捎(shao)書(shu)至故里,感念嫂(sao)嫂(sao)恩澤.兄長教(jiao)悔,悔恨不諳時勢,恐招殃及(ji)己身。
二(er)十年二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue),清(qing)將(jiang)彰泰圍吳世璠(fan)于云南(nan)昆(kun)明,世璠(fan)危(wei)迫,趨寶(bao)自四川回援。寶(bao)棄敘州(zhou),退守遵義(yi),五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)癸(gui)丑朔,清(qing)提督周卜世至(zhi),寶(bao)曰(yue):“我以(yi)一旅頓鎮遠,則汝輩安得長驅至(zhi)此!特以(yi)天(tian)命(ming)已(yi)去,雖竊據一方(fang),亦復(fu)何益?故不為耳。”寶(bao)率部(bu)棄城走。六月(yue)(yue)(yue),寶(bao)再次于烏蒙山佯敗以(yi)誘清(qing)都督希(xi)福攻擊,希(xi)福等至(zhi)烏木山,寶(bao)據險相(xiang)持,敵強我弱,未(wei)幾,寶(bao)越山遁,僅以(yi)身免。(寶(bao)以(yi)偽身至(zhi)姚安,偽身與潰卒百(bai)人(ren)七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)赴(fu)希(xi)福軍(jun)前降,九月(yue)(yue)(yue)磔于市(shi)。)
1681年6月滇黔邊境(jing)烏木山之(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan),標致反(fan)清復(fu)明(ming)徹底失(shi)敗,寶之(zhi)(zhi)次子(zi)自(zi)(zi)援氓村,三(san)子(zi)應(ying)先遂(sui)跡(ji)滇南(nan)蒙自(zi)(zi);淮國公與長子(zi)、四子(zi)、季子(zi)自(zi)(zi)奇及(ji)家口(kou),在逃(tao)避清軍(jun)圍追(zhui)阻截的過程中,偶遇(yu)貨郎(lang)挑壇(tan)子(zi)過路(lu),與人(ren)(ren)換了(le)(le)著裝,接(jie)過壇(tan)子(zi)挑肩上,得以(yi)脫身(shen),后知(zhi)其人(ren)(ren)羊潛虎(hu)死,淮國公對家人(ren)(ren)曰:“不知(zhi)他人(ren)(ren)姓(xing)氏名(ming)(ming)誰,就(jiu)跟著壇(tan)子(zi)姓(xing)吧(ba)”,一(yi)為紀念他人(ren)(ren)救命之(zhi)(zhi)恩,二為隱名(ming)(ming)埋姓(xing),就(jiu)改(gai)姓(xing)譚(取“壇(tan)”之(zhi)(zhi)音(yin))了(le)(le),
一代梟雄,從(cong)鄉俚走(zou)來,轟(hong)轟(hong)烈烈半生,還歸鄉俚,隱姓(xing)埋名(ming),頤養(yang)天(tian)年,無疾而終(zhong),享年七十一歲,葬于岱港(gang)村的花紅樹包包。