馬寶(bao)(1628-1699年),字城璧,號佩瑗(yuan),排(pai)行(xing)(xing)老三(san)(san),亦稱三(san)(san)寶(bao),明(ming)末陜西平涼府隆德(de)轉角(jiao)嘴人(今寧夏(xia)固原市隆德(de)縣沙(sha)塘鎮馬家河村),1628年孟夏(xia)出(chu)生,出(chu)生時母逝,被父棄(qi)于山野,三(san)(san)日(ri)后其嫂去看,禽獸不食(shi),且還活著,帶回家撫養,異(yi)人,食(shi)量(liang)大,年少(shao)力抵成人。魁梧赤眼(yan),擅(shan)使鞣鞭槍,足智(zhi)多謀,英勇善戰。排(pai)行(xing)(xing)老三(san)(san),又因唐初,有(you)驍騎(qi)將(jiang)馬三(san)(san)寶(bao),人羨其勇,亦以三(san)(san)寶(bao)呼之。生有(you)五(wu)子(zi),次子(zi)自援,恂恂儒雅,諳韻學《等韻》,有(you)詩集行(xing)(xing)世。
祟楨(zhen)十六年(1643年),李自(zi)成部(bu)破隆(long)德,馬寶投李自(zi)成部(bu)隊。李自(zi)成入北京時(1644年),馬寶已(yi)因戰功(gong)擢(zhuo)升(sheng)老營副營總。
1645年,李自成歿后,寶擁(yong)護(hu)明桂(gui)王朱由榔(1647年稱永歷(li)帝)南明朝,封安(an)定伯。
順治(zhi)七年(nian)(1650)二月(yue)(yue)(yue),平南(nan)王尚可(ke)喜圍攻廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)。五月(yue)(yue)(yue),永(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)遣(qian)(qian)寶襲(xi)清遠,以救廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou),被可(ke)喜使將擊(ji)敗。八年(nian)十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),永(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)自(zi)南(nan)寧退(tui)安(an)隆(long),寶率(lv)明軍(jun)轉戰(zhan)廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)山谷(gu)間(jian)。九(jiu)年(nian)五月(yue)(yue)(yue),永(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)遣(qian)(qian)李定(ding)(ding)(ding)國(guo)攻兩廣(guang)(guang),連陷桂林、柳州(zhou),寶率(lv)兵(bing)與定(ding)(ding)(ding)國(guo)聚。十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),寶率(lv)廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)明軍(jun)東取陽山、連州(zhou),占領廣(guang)(guang)東西(xi)北(bei)部。十(shi)年(nian)四月(yue)(yue)(yue),攻肇(zhao)慶兵(bing)敗,隨可(ke)望走(zou)貴州(zhou)。十(shi)三年(nian),定(ding)(ding)(ding)國(guo)奉永(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)入云(yun)(yun)南(nan)。十(shi)四年(nian),可(ke)望據貴州(zhou)叛,永(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)遣(qian)(qian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)國(guo)討之,可(ke)望使寶間(jian)道(dao)襲(xi)云(yun)(yun)南(nan),欲掩(yan)執永(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)。然可(ke)望拔扈,部下不執其(qi)令。寶得知沐天波守云(yun)(yun)南(nan),停兵(bing)不進,暗(an)示定(ding)(ding)(ding)國(guo)襲(xi)擊(ji)可(ke)望,可(ke)望敗逃。寶歸云(yun)(yun)南(nan),十(shi)四年(nian)十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)永(yong)歷帝(di)(di)(di)封(feng)寶淮國(guo)公。
十(shi)六年(nian),南明朝兵(bing)(bing)敗,永(yong)歷帝自(zi)騰(teng)越奔(ben)南甸,寶走鶴慶(qing),又至麗江、蘭坪州,十(shi)月(yue)在劍川(chuan)無(wu)奈剃(ti)發降清(qing)。三桂(gui)見寶獷猛,厚結之。十(shi)七年(nian),三桂(gui)奏請以(yi)降兵(bing)(bing)為十(shi)營(ying)(ying),營(ying)(ying)千二百(bai)人,以(yi)投(tou)誠(cheng)官(guan)分統之。并擬寶等為總兵(bing)(bing)官(guan),清(qing)廷部議如所(suo)請,封寶為右都督充(chong)中(zhong)營(ying)(ying)總兵(bing)(bing)官(guan)。
十八年,三桂遣(qian)寶(bao)剿馬乃(nai)土司龍兆吉,斬(zhan)之。康熙五年,寶(bao)調曲靖武營(ying)總兵(bing)官。
康熙十(shi)(shi)二(er)年十(shi)(shi)一月,三桂復明,改(gai)國號為(wei)周元(yuan)年,鑄(zhu)印曰“天下都(dou)招討兵馬(ma)大元(yuan)帥之印”,封寶國公,銜為(wei)鐵騎(qi)總管(guan)將軍。
寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)自云(yun)南(nan)率(lv)軍(jun)先(xian)(xian)驅(qu)陷(xian)貴州(zhou),貴州(zhou)提督李本深(shen)于貴陽率(lv)部歸迎。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)至(zhi)(zhi)鎮遠(yuan),巡撫曹申吉、總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)王永(yong)清(qing)(qing)皆(jie)降(jiang)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)至(zhi)(zhi)湖南(nan),用奇兵(bing)(bing)(bing)攻陷(xian)沅州(zhou)、辰州(zhou),俘清(qing)(qing)總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)官崔(cui)世祿;清(qing)(qing)巡撫盧震棄長(chang)(chang)沙,逃往岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)。荊襄(xiang)的清(qing)(qing)廷兵(bing)(bing)(bing)將(jiang),皆(jie)不敢渡江(jiang)赴(fu)援(yuan)。吳應麟援(yuan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)繼至(zhi)(zhi),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)先(xian)(xian)后攻下常(chang)德(de)、岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)、澧州(zhou)、衡陽等四州(zhou)一(yi)府.四川巡撫盧森,長(chang)(chang)沙副(fu)將(jiang)黃正(zheng)卿(qing),岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)參將(jiang)李國棟投降(jiang)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)占領(ling)了川湘一(yi)帶(dai),聲(sheng)勢日盛。三(san)(san)桂赴(fu)常(chang)州(zhou)督師,令寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)嚴守(shou)岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou),扼洞庭(ting)湖口,布重兵(bing)(bing)(bing)于澧州(zhou)、石(shi)首、花(hua)(hua)容、松滋(zi)之間(jian).為(wei)(wei)犄角之勢。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)續襲江(jiang)西。十(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月,康熙令岳(yue)(yue)樂進(jin)逼長(chang)(chang)沙,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)據(ju)岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou),出沒湖湘間(jian),道路為(wei)(wei)梗。十(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)三(san)(san)月,清(qing)(qing)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)攻長(chang)(chang)沙,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)令所屬彝陵、南(nan)漳諸(zhu)將(jiang)領(ling)分擾清(qing)(qing)營。十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月,清(qing)(qing)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)圍長(chang)(chang)沙,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)自岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)馳(chi)援(yuan),長(chang)(chang)沙圍解。十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)九月,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)率(lv)大軍(jun)萬(wan)余攻克(ke)韶州(zhou),渡河至(zhi)(zhi)蓮花(hua)(hua)山,薄羅江(jiang),被(bei)清(qing)(qing)軍(jun)內(nei)外夾擊(ji),失利(li)奔帽峰山。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二月,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)率(lv)軍(jun)赴(fu)衡州(zhou)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月,又由宜(yi)章入廣西,二月,復至(zhi)(zhi)衡州(zhou),營江(jiang)東(dong)岸(an)為(wei)(wei)聲(sheng)援(yuan)。六(liu)月初(chu),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)攻下彬(bin)州(zhou),率(lv)數(shu)萬(wan)人(ren)馬(ma)南(nan)下,又攻衡州(zhou)大門永(yong)興,清(qing)(qing)都統(tong)伊里布,副(fu)都統(tong)哈克(ke)山相繼戰(zhan)死(si)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)占領(ling)清(qing)(qing)軍(jun)河外營壘,清(qing)(qing)統(tong)領(ling)碩(shuo)岱城(cheng)中固守(shou)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)三(san)(san)面環攻,晝夜不停。八月,永(yong)興將(jiang)攻下,三(san)(san)桂亡(wang),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)焚兵(bing)(bing)(bing)營撤(che)軍(jun),吳諸(zhu)將(jiang)立世璠,世璠拜寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)為(wei)(wei)少傅兼太(tai)子(zi)太(tai)傅、掛大將(jiang)軍(jun)印總(zong)統(tong),專司閫外,銜為(wei)(wei)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)馬(ma)大元帥。
十(shi)八年五月(yue),簡親王喇布給益陽(yang)知縣徐(xu)璫參議道銜,齎諭(yu)招(zhao)(zhao)撫,寶(bao)(bao)殺之。十(shi)月(yue),上降(jiang)敕(chi)諭(yu)寶(bao)(bao)曰(yue):“爾(er)等本系吳三(san)桂藩(fan)下(xia)人(ren)。三(san)桂反叛(pan),爾(er)等率(lv)黨抗拒大兵,或非本懷。爾(er)若能悔罪(zui)歸誠,前罪(zui)悉赦,仍論功敘(xu)錄。標下(xia)將(jiang)士,概從寬宥(you),酌(zhuo)量加恩(en)。爾(er)其(qi)盡(jin)釋疑(yi)衷,勉圖后效(xiao)”。寶(bao)(bao)抗拒如故。清兵復(fu)湖南、廣西,寶(bao)(bao)退貴州,守遵義。十(shi)九年正(zheng)月(yue),清兵攻(gong)克四川保(bao)寧,王屏藩(fan)窮蹙(cu),自殺。三(san)月(yue),寶(bao)(bao)復(fu)襲(xi)四川,攻(gong)克瀘州、敘(xu)州。在四川時,曾派人(ren)馱貨捎書至故里,感(gan)念嫂(sao)嫂(sao)恩(en)澤.兄長(chang)教悔,悔恨不諳時勢,恐招(zhao)(zhao)殃及己身(shen)。
二十年二月,清將(jiang)彰泰(tai)圍吳世璠于云(yun)南昆(kun)明,世璠危迫,趨寶(bao)(bao)自四川回援。寶(bao)(bao)棄敘(xu)州,退守遵義,五(wu)月癸(gui)丑(chou)朔,清提督周卜世至(zhi),寶(bao)(bao)曰:“我(wo)以一(yi)旅頓鎮遠,則汝輩安得長驅至(zhi)此!特以天命已去,雖竊據一(yi)方,亦(yi)復(fu)何益?故(gu)不(bu)為耳。”寶(bao)(bao)率部棄城走。六月,寶(bao)(bao)再(zai)次于烏(wu)蒙(meng)山佯(yang)敗以誘(you)清都督希福攻擊,希福等(deng)至(zhi)烏(wu)木山,寶(bao)(bao)據險相持,敵強我(wo)弱,未幾,寶(bao)(bao)越山遁,僅(jin)以身免。(寶(bao)(bao)以偽身至(zhi)姚(yao)安,偽身與潰(kui)卒百人七(qi)月赴希福軍前降,九月磔(zhe)于市。)
1681年6月(yue)滇黔(qian)邊境烏木山之(zhi)(zhi)戰,標(biao)致反清(qing)復明徹底(di)失敗,寶之(zhi)(zhi)次子(zi)自(zi)援氓村,三子(zi)應先遂跡(ji)滇南蒙自(zi);淮國公與長子(zi)、四子(zi)、季子(zi)自(zi)奇及家口,在(zai)逃避清(qing)軍圍追阻截的過程中,偶(ou)遇貨郎(lang)挑壇(tan)(tan)子(zi)過路,與人換了著(zhu)裝,接過壇(tan)(tan)子(zi)挑肩(jian)上,得以脫身,后(hou)知(zhi)其(qi)人羊潛虎死(si),淮國公對家人曰:“不知(zhi)他(ta)人姓(xing)氏名(ming)誰(shui),就(jiu)跟著(zhu)壇(tan)(tan)子(zi)姓(xing)吧”,一為紀念他(ta)人救命之(zhi)(zhi)恩,二為隱名(ming)埋姓(xing),就(jiu)改姓(xing)譚(取“壇(tan)(tan)”之(zhi)(zhi)音)了,
一代梟雄,從(cong)鄉俚(li)走來(lai),轟轟烈烈半生,還歸鄉俚(li),隱姓埋(mai)名,頤養天(tian)年,無疾而(er)終,享年七十一歲,葬于(yu)岱(dai)港(gang)村(cun)的花紅樹(shu)包包。