馬(ma)寶(1628-1699年),字城(cheng)璧,號佩瑗,排(pai)行(xing)(xing)老三,亦稱(cheng)三寶,明末陜西平涼府隆(long)德(de)轉(zhuan)角嘴人(ren)(今(jin)寧夏固原市(shi)隆(long)德(de)縣沙塘鎮馬(ma)家河村),1628年孟(meng)夏出(chu)生(sheng),出(chu)生(sheng)時(shi)母逝,被父棄于山野,三日后其(qi)(qi)嫂去看,禽(qin)獸不食(shi),且還活著,帶(dai)回家撫(fu)養,異人(ren),食(shi)量大,年少力抵成人(ren)。魁梧赤眼,擅使鞣鞭槍,足智多(duo)謀(mou),英勇(yong)(yong)善(shan)戰(zhan)。排(pai)行(xing)(xing)老三,又因唐(tang)初(chu),有驍騎將馬(ma)三寶,人(ren)羨其(qi)(qi)勇(yong)(yong),亦以(yi)三寶呼之。生(sheng)有五子,次(ci)子自援,恂恂儒雅,諳韻(yun)學(xue)《等韻(yun)》,有詩(shi)集行(xing)(xing)世。
祟楨十(shi)六年(nian)(1643年(nian)),李(li)自成部破隆德,馬(ma)寶投李(li)自成部隊。李(li)自成入北京(jing)時(shi)(1644年(nian)),馬(ma)寶已因戰功擢升(sheng)老營副營總(zong)。
1645年(nian)(nian),李(li)自成歿后,寶(bao)擁護(hu)明桂王朱由(you)榔(lang)(1647年(nian)(nian)稱永歷(li)帝)南明朝,封安(an)定伯。
順(shun)治七年(nian)(1650)二(er)月(yue)(yue),平南王尚可喜圍攻(gong)廣州(zhou)。五(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue),永(yong)(yong)歷(li)(li)帝(di)遣寶(bao)(bao)襲清遠,以救廣州(zhou),被可喜使將擊敗(bai)。八年(nian)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue),永(yong)(yong)歷(li)(li)帝(di)自南寧退安隆,寶(bao)(bao)率(lv)明(ming)軍(jun)轉(zhuan)戰廣西(xi)(xi)山(shan)谷間。九年(nian)五(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue),永(yong)(yong)歷(li)(li)帝(di)遣李定(ding)國(guo)攻(gong)兩廣,連陷(xian)桂(gui)林、柳州(zhou),寶(bao)(bao)率(lv)兵與(yu)定(ding)國(guo)聚。十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue),寶(bao)(bao)率(lv)廣西(xi)(xi)明(ming)軍(jun)東取陽山(shan)、連州(zhou),占領廣東西(xi)(xi)北部。十(shi)(shi)年(nian)四月(yue)(yue),攻(gong)肇慶兵敗(bai),隨可望(wang)(wang)走(zou)貴州(zhou)。十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian),定(ding)國(guo)奉永(yong)(yong)歷(li)(li)帝(di)入云南。十(shi)(shi)四年(nian),可望(wang)(wang)據貴州(zhou)叛,永(yong)(yong)歷(li)(li)帝(di)遣定(ding)國(guo)討之,可望(wang)(wang)使寶(bao)(bao)間道襲云南,欲掩執永(yong)(yong)歷(li)(li)帝(di)。然可望(wang)(wang)拔扈(hu),部下不執其(qi)令。寶(bao)(bao)得知沐天波守云南,停兵不進,暗示(shi)定(ding)國(guo)襲擊可望(wang)(wang),可望(wang)(wang)敗(bai)逃(tao)。寶(bao)(bao)歸(gui)云南,十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)永(yong)(yong)歷(li)(li)帝(di)封寶(bao)(bao)淮(huai)國(guo)公。
十六(liu)年,南明朝兵(bing)(bing)(bing)敗,永歷帝自(zi)騰越奔南甸,寶(bao)(bao)走鶴慶,又至麗江、蘭坪州,十月在劍川(chuan)無奈(nai)剃(ti)發降清(qing)。三桂見寶(bao)(bao)獷猛,厚(hou)結之。十七(qi)年,三桂奏請以降兵(bing)(bing)(bing)為十營(ying)(ying),營(ying)(ying)千(qian)二百(bai)人(ren),以投誠官分統之。并(bing)擬寶(bao)(bao)等為總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)官,清(qing)廷部(bu)議如所(suo)請,封寶(bao)(bao)為右都督充中營(ying)(ying)總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)官。
十(shi)八年,三桂(gui)遣寶剿馬乃土司龍(long)兆吉,斬之。康(kang)熙五年,寶調曲靖武(wu)營總兵官。
康(kang)熙十二年(nian)(nian)十一月,三(san)桂復明,改(gai)國號為(wei)周元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian),鑄印曰“天下都招討兵馬(ma)大元(yuan)(yuan)帥(shuai)之印”,封寶國公,銜為(wei)鐵騎總(zong)管將軍。
寶(bao)自云(yun)南(nan)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)先(xian)驅陷(xian)貴州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),貴州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)提督(du)李本深(shen)于貴陽(yang)率(lv)(lv)部歸迎。寶(bao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)至(zhi)鎮遠(yuan),巡(xun)撫曹申(shen)吉(ji)、總(zong)(zong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)王永清(qing)(qing)(qing)皆降(jiang)。十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),寶(bao)至(zhi)湖(hu)南(nan),用奇兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)攻(gong)陷(xian)沅州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、辰(chen)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),俘清(qing)(qing)(qing)總(zong)(zong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)官崔世祿;清(qing)(qing)(qing)巡(xun)撫盧震棄長(chang)沙(sha)(sha),逃往岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。荊襄的清(qing)(qing)(qing)廷(ting)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)將(jiang),皆不(bu)敢渡(du)江(jiang)赴援(yuan)。吳應麟援(yuan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)繼至(zhi),寶(bao)先(xian)后攻(gong)下常德、岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、澧州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、衡(heng)陽(yang)等四州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)一(yi)(yi)府.四川巡(xun)撫盧森,長(chang)沙(sha)(sha)副(fu)將(jiang)黃正卿(qing),岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)參將(jiang)李國棟(dong)投(tou)降(jiang)。寶(bao)占領(ling)了川湘一(yi)(yi)帶(dai),聲(sheng)勢日盛。三(san)(san)桂赴常州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)督(du)師(shi),令寶(bao)嚴(yan)守(shou)岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),扼洞庭湖(hu)口,布重(zhong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)于澧州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、石首、花容、松滋之(zhi)間.為(wei)(wei)犄角之(zhi)勢。寶(bao)續(xu)襲江(jiang)西(xi)。十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),康熙令岳(yue)(yue)樂進(jin)逼長(chang)沙(sha)(sha),寶(bao)據岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),出沒湖(hu)湘間,道路為(wei)(wei)梗。十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),清(qing)(qing)(qing)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)攻(gong)長(chang)沙(sha)(sha),寶(bao)令所(suo)屬彝陵、南(nan)漳(zhang)諸(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)領(ling)分(fen)擾清(qing)(qing)(qing)營。十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),清(qing)(qing)(qing)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)圍長(chang)沙(sha)(sha),寶(bao)自岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)馳援(yuan),長(chang)沙(sha)(sha)圍解。十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),寶(bao)率(lv)(lv)大(da)軍(jun)萬余攻(gong)克(ke)韶州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),渡(du)河至(zhi)蓮(lian)花山(shan),薄羅江(jiang),被(bei)清(qing)(qing)(qing)軍(jun)內外(wai)(wai)夾擊,失利奔帽(mao)峰山(shan)。十(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),寶(bao)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)赴衡(heng)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),又由宜(yi)章入(ru)廣西(xi),二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),復至(zhi)衡(heng)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),營江(jiang)東岸為(wei)(wei)聲(sheng)援(yuan)。六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初,寶(bao)攻(gong)下彬(bin)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),率(lv)(lv)數萬人馬南(nan)下,又攻(gong)衡(heng)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)大(da)門(men)永興,清(qing)(qing)(qing)都(dou)統(tong)伊里布,副(fu)都(dou)統(tong)哈(ha)克(ke)山(shan)相繼戰死。寶(bao)占領(ling)清(qing)(qing)(qing)軍(jun)河外(wai)(wai)營壘(lei),清(qing)(qing)(qing)統(tong)領(ling)碩岱城中固守(shou)。寶(bao)三(san)(san)面(mian)環攻(gong),晝(zhou)夜(ye)不(bu)停。八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),永興將(jiang)攻(gong)下,三(san)(san)桂亡,寶(bao)焚兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)營撤軍(jun),吳諸(zhu)(zhu)將(jiang)立世璠(fan),世璠(fan)拜(bai)寶(bao)為(wei)(wei)少傅兼太子(zi)太傅、掛大(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)印總(zong)(zong)統(tong),專司(si)閫外(wai)(wai),銜為(wei)(wei)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)馬大(da)元帥。
十(shi)八年五月(yue),簡親王(wang)喇布給(gei)益陽知(zhi)縣(xian)徐(xu)璫參議道銜(xian),齎(ji)諭招撫,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)殺(sha)之(zhi)。十(shi)月(yue),上降敕諭寶(bao)(bao)(bao)曰:“爾(er)等本系吳三(san)桂藩下人。三(san)桂反叛,爾(er)等率黨抗拒大兵(bing),或非本懷。爾(er)若能悔罪歸誠(cheng),前(qian)罪悉赦,仍論功敘錄(lu)。標下將士(shi),概(gai)從寬宥,酌量加恩(en)(en)。爾(er)其盡釋疑衷,勉圖后(hou)效(xiao)”。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)抗拒如故(gu)。清兵(bing)復湖南(nan)、廣(guang)西,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)退貴州(zhou),守遵(zun)義。十(shi)九年正(zheng)月(yue),清兵(bing)攻克四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)保寧,王(wang)屏藩窮蹙,自(zi)殺(sha)。三(san)月(yue),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)復襲四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),攻克瀘(lu)州(zhou)、敘州(zhou)。在(zai)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)時(shi),曾派人馱(tuo)貨捎書至(zhi)故(gu)里,感念嫂(sao)嫂(sao)恩(en)(en)澤.兄長教悔,悔恨不(bu)諳時(shi)勢,恐招殃(yang)及己身。
二十年二月,清將彰(zhang)泰圍吳(wu)世(shi)璠(fan)于云南(nan)昆明,世(shi)璠(fan)危迫,趨寶(bao)自四川回援。寶(bao)棄(qi)敘州,退守遵(zun)義,五月癸丑朔,清提督(du)周(zhou)卜世(shi)至(zhi)(zhi),寶(bao)曰:“我以(yi)一(yi)旅頓鎮遠,則汝輩(bei)安得長驅至(zhi)(zhi)此!特(te)以(yi)天(tian)命已去(qu),雖竊據(ju)一(yi)方(fang),亦復何益?故(gu)不為耳。”寶(bao)率部棄(qi)城走(zou)。六(liu)月,寶(bao)再次(ci)于烏蒙(meng)山佯敗以(yi)誘清都督(du)希福攻擊,希福等至(zhi)(zhi)烏木山,寶(bao)據(ju)險(xian)相持,敵強(qiang)我弱,未幾,寶(bao)越山遁(dun),僅以(yi)身(shen)(shen)免。(寶(bao)以(yi)偽(wei)身(shen)(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)姚(yao)安,偽(wei)身(shen)(shen)與潰(kui)卒百(bai)人七(qi)月赴(fu)希福軍(jun)前降,九月磔(zhe)于市。)
1681年(nian)6月滇(dian)黔邊境烏木山之戰(zhan),標致反(fan)清(qing)(qing)復明徹底失敗,寶之次(ci)子(zi)(zi)自(zi)(zi)援(yuan)氓村,三子(zi)(zi)應(ying)先遂(sui)跡滇(dian)南蒙自(zi)(zi);淮國公與(yu)長子(zi)(zi)、四子(zi)(zi)、季子(zi)(zi)自(zi)(zi)奇(qi)及家口,在逃避清(qing)(qing)軍圍追阻截的(de)過程(cheng)中,偶遇貨郎挑壇子(zi)(zi)過路,與(yu)人(ren)(ren)換(huan)了(le)著裝(zhuang),接(jie)過壇子(zi)(zi)挑肩(jian)上,得以脫身(shen),后(hou)知其人(ren)(ren)羊潛(qian)虎(hu)死(si),淮國公對家人(ren)(ren)曰:“不知他人(ren)(ren)姓(xing)(xing)氏名誰,就跟著壇子(zi)(zi)姓(xing)(xing)吧”,一為(wei)紀念他人(ren)(ren)救命之恩,二(er)為(wei)隱名埋姓(xing)(xing),就改姓(xing)(xing)譚(取“壇”之音)了(le),
一代梟雄(xiong),從鄉俚(li)走來,轟轟烈烈半生,還歸鄉俚(li),隱(yin)姓埋名,頤養天年(nian),無(wu)疾而終,享年(nian)七十一歲,葬于岱(dai)港村的花紅(hong)樹包包。