馬寶(1628-1699年),字城璧,號佩瑗,排(pai)行老(lao)(lao)三,亦(yi)稱三寶,明末陜西平涼府隆德轉角嘴人(ren)(ren)(今(jin)寧(ning)夏固原市隆德縣沙塘鎮馬家(jia)河村),1628年孟夏出生,出生時母逝,被父(fu)棄于山野,三日后其(qi)嫂(sao)去看,禽(qin)獸不食(shi),且還活(huo)著,帶回家(jia)撫養,異(yi)人(ren)(ren),食(shi)量大,年少力抵成人(ren)(ren)。魁梧(wu)赤眼(yan),擅使鞣鞭槍,足智(zhi)多謀,英(ying)勇善戰。排(pai)行老(lao)(lao)三,又因唐初,有驍(xiao)騎將馬三寶,人(ren)(ren)羨(xian)其(qi)勇,亦(yi)以三寶呼之。生有五子,次(ci)子自援,恂恂儒雅,諳韻學《等韻》,有詩(shi)集行世(shi)。
祟(sui)楨十六年(nian)(1643年(nian)),李自成部破隆德,馬寶(bao)(bao)投(tou)李自成部隊。李自成入北(bei)京(jing)時(1644年(nian)),馬寶(bao)(bao)已因戰功擢升老營副營總。
1645年,李自(zi)成歿后(hou),寶擁護明桂王朱(zhu)由榔(lang)(1647年稱永歷(li)帝)南(nan)明朝,封安定伯(bo)。
順治(zhi)七年(nian)(nian)(1650)二月,平南(nan)(nan)王(wang)尚可(ke)(ke)喜圍攻廣(guang)州(zhou)。五(wu)月,永歷(li)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)遣寶(bao)襲清遠,以救(jiu)廣(guang)州(zhou),被可(ke)(ke)喜使(shi)將(jiang)擊敗。八年(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)月,永歷(li)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)自南(nan)(nan)寧(ning)退安(an)隆,寶(bao)率(lv)(lv)明軍(jun)(jun)轉(zhuan)戰廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)山(shan)谷(gu)間。九年(nian)(nian)五(wu)月,永歷(li)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)遣李定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)攻兩廣(guang),連陷桂林、柳州(zhou),寶(bao)率(lv)(lv)兵與定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)聚。十(shi)(shi)(shi)月,寶(bao)率(lv)(lv)廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)明軍(jun)(jun)東取陽山(shan)、連州(zhou),占領廣(guang)東西(xi)(xi)北部(bu)(bu)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)四月,攻肇慶兵敗,隨可(ke)(ke)望(wang)走貴州(zhou)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian),定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)奉(feng)永歷(li)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)入云南(nan)(nan)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian),可(ke)(ke)望(wang)據貴州(zhou)叛,永歷(li)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)遣定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)討之,可(ke)(ke)望(wang)使(shi)寶(bao)間道(dao)襲云南(nan)(nan),欲(yu)掩(yan)執(zhi)永歷(li)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。然可(ke)(ke)望(wang)拔扈,部(bu)(bu)下不(bu)執(zhi)其令。寶(bao)得知沐天波守云南(nan)(nan),停兵不(bu)進,暗示(shi)定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)襲擊可(ke)(ke)望(wang),可(ke)(ke)望(wang)敗逃(tao)。寶(bao)歸云南(nan)(nan),十(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)月永歷(li)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)封寶(bao)淮國(guo)(guo)(guo)公。
十六年(nian),南明朝(chao)兵(bing)敗,永歷帝(di)自騰越奔南甸,寶走鶴慶(qing),又至麗江、蘭(lan)坪(ping)州(zhou),十月(yue)在(zai)劍(jian)川無奈(nai)剃發(fa)降清(qing)(qing)。三(san)桂(gui)見寶獷(guang)猛(meng),厚結之。十七年(nian),三(san)桂(gui)奏請以降兵(bing)為十營(ying)(ying),營(ying)(ying)千二百人,以投誠官(guan)分統之。并擬(ni)寶等為總(zong)兵(bing)官(guan),清(qing)(qing)廷部議如所(suo)請,封寶為右都(dou)督(du)充中營(ying)(ying)總(zong)兵(bing)官(guan)。
十八年,三桂遣寶剿馬乃土司龍(long)兆吉,斬之。康(kang)熙五年,寶調曲靖武營總兵官。
康(kang)熙十二(er)年十一月,三桂復明,改國號為(wei)周元年,鑄印(yin)曰“天下都招討兵馬(ma)大元帥之印(yin)”,封寶國公,銜為(wei)鐵(tie)騎總管將軍。
寶(bao)(bao)自(zi)云南率軍(jun)(jun)先驅(qu)陷(xian)貴州(zhou)(zhou),貴州(zhou)(zhou)提督李(li)本深于貴陽(yang)率部歸迎。寶(bao)(bao)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)至(zhi)(zhi)鎮遠,巡撫(fu)曹申吉(ji)、總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)王永清(qing)(qing)皆降。十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian),寶(bao)(bao)至(zhi)(zhi)湖(hu)南,用(yong)奇兵(bing)(bing)(bing)攻(gong)陷(xian)沅州(zhou)(zhou)、辰州(zhou)(zhou),俘清(qing)(qing)總兵(bing)(bing)(bing)官崔(cui)世(shi)祿;清(qing)(qing)巡撫(fu)盧(lu)震(zhen)棄長(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha),逃往岳(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)。荊(jing)襄的清(qing)(qing)廷兵(bing)(bing)(bing)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),皆不敢渡江(jiang)赴(fu)(fu)援。吳(wu)(wu)應麟(lin)援兵(bing)(bing)(bing)繼至(zhi)(zhi),寶(bao)(bao)先后攻(gong)下(xia)常(chang)德、岳(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)、澧州(zhou)(zhou)、衡陽(yang)等四(si)(si)州(zhou)(zhou)一府.四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)巡撫(fu)盧(lu)森,長(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha)副將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)黃正卿(qing),岳(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)參(can)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)李(li)國棟投(tou)降。寶(bao)(bao)占領(ling)(ling)(ling)了川(chuan)(chuan)湘一帶,聲勢日盛。三(san)桂赴(fu)(fu)常(chang)州(zhou)(zhou)督師,令(ling)寶(bao)(bao)嚴守(shou)岳(yue)州(zhou)(zhou),扼洞(dong)庭湖(hu)口(kou),布(bu)重兵(bing)(bing)(bing)于澧州(zhou)(zhou)、石首、花(hua)容、松(song)滋之間(jian)(jian).為犄角之勢。寶(bao)(bao)續襲江(jiang)西。十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)正月(yue),康熙令(ling)岳(yue)樂進逼長(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha),寶(bao)(bao)據(ju)岳(yue)州(zhou)(zhou),出沒湖(hu)湘間(jian)(jian),道路為梗。十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)三(san)月(yue),清(qing)(qing)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)攻(gong)長(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha),寶(bao)(bao)令(ling)所屬(shu)彝陵、南漳(zhang)諸(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)領(ling)(ling)(ling)分擾清(qing)(qing)營(ying)。十(shi)(shi)一月(yue),清(qing)(qing)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)圍長(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha),寶(bao)(bao)自(zi)岳(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)馳援,長(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha)圍解。十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月(yue),寶(bao)(bao)率大軍(jun)(jun)萬(wan)余攻(gong)克韶州(zhou)(zhou),渡河至(zhi)(zhi)蓮花(hua)山,薄羅江(jiang),被清(qing)(qing)軍(jun)(jun)內(nei)外(wai)夾擊,失利奔帽(mao)峰山。十(shi)(shi)二月(yue),寶(bao)(bao)率軍(jun)(jun)赴(fu)(fu)衡州(zhou)(zhou)。十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)正月(yue),又由宜章入廣西,二月(yue),復(fu)至(zhi)(zhi)衡州(zhou)(zhou),營(ying)江(jiang)東岸為聲援。六(liu)月(yue)初,寶(bao)(bao)攻(gong)下(xia)彬州(zhou)(zhou),率數萬(wan)人馬南下(xia),又攻(gong)衡州(zhou)(zhou)大門(men)永興,清(qing)(qing)都統(tong)伊里(li)布(bu),副都統(tong)哈克山相(xiang)繼戰死。寶(bao)(bao)占領(ling)(ling)(ling)清(qing)(qing)軍(jun)(jun)河外(wai)營(ying)壘,清(qing)(qing)統(tong)領(ling)(ling)(ling)碩岱城中固守(shou)。寶(bao)(bao)三(san)面(mian)環(huan)攻(gong),晝夜不停。八月(yue),永興將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)攻(gong)下(xia),三(san)桂亡,寶(bao)(bao)焚兵(bing)(bing)(bing)營(ying)撤軍(jun)(jun),吳(wu)(wu)諸(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)立世(shi)璠(fan),世(shi)璠(fan)拜(bai)寶(bao)(bao)為少傅兼太(tai)子太(tai)傅、掛大將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)印總統(tong),專司閫外(wai),銜為兵(bing)(bing)(bing)馬大元帥。
十(shi)八年五月(yue),簡(jian)親王(wang)喇(la)布給益陽知縣徐(xu)璫參議道銜,齎諭招(zhao)撫,寶(bao)殺之。十(shi)月(yue),上降(jiang)敕諭寶(bao)曰(yue):“爾(er)(er)等本(ben)系吳三(san)桂藩下人(ren)。三(san)桂反叛,爾(er)(er)等率黨抗(kang)拒(ju)(ju)大兵(bing)(bing),或非本(ben)懷。爾(er)(er)若能悔(hui)罪歸誠,前罪悉赦,仍論功敘(xu)錄(lu)。標下將(jiang)士(shi),概從寬宥,酌量加恩。爾(er)(er)其盡釋疑衷,勉圖后效”。寶(bao)抗(kang)拒(ju)(ju)如故。清(qing)兵(bing)(bing)復(fu)湖南、廣(guang)西,寶(bao)退貴州,守遵義。十(shi)九年正月(yue),清(qing)兵(bing)(bing)攻(gong)克四川(chuan)保寧,王(wang)屏藩窮蹙(cu),自殺。三(san)月(yue),寶(bao)復(fu)襲(xi)四川(chuan),攻(gong)克瀘州、敘(xu)州。在四川(chuan)時(shi),曾(ceng)派人(ren)馱貨捎書至故里,感念嫂(sao)嫂(sao)恩澤.兄長教悔(hui),悔(hui)恨不諳時(shi)勢,恐招(zhao)殃及(ji)己(ji)身。
二(er)(er)十年二(er)(er)月,清將彰(zhang)泰圍吳世(shi)(shi)(shi)璠于(yu)云南昆(kun)明,世(shi)(shi)(shi)璠危迫,趨寶(bao)自四川回援。寶(bao)棄敘(xu)州,退守遵義(yi),五月癸(gui)丑朔(shuo),清提督(du)周卜(bu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)至,寶(bao)曰:“我以(yi)一(yi)旅頓鎮(zhen)遠,則汝輩安(an)得長驅至此!特以(yi)天命已去(qu),雖竊據一(yi)方,亦復何益?故不為耳。”寶(bao)率部棄城走。六月,寶(bao)再次于(yu)烏(wu)蒙(meng)山佯敗以(yi)誘清都督(du)希(xi)福(fu)攻(gong)擊(ji),希(xi)福(fu)等至烏(wu)木山,寶(bao)據險(xian)相持,敵強我弱,未幾,寶(bao)越山遁,僅(jin)以(yi)身(shen)免。(寶(bao)以(yi)偽(wei)身(shen)至姚安(an),偽(wei)身(shen)與潰卒(zu)百人(ren)七(qi)月赴希(xi)福(fu)軍前降,九月磔于(yu)市。)
1681年6月滇黔邊境(jing)烏木(mu)山之(zhi)(zhi)戰,標致反清復(fu)明徹底失(shi)敗,寶(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)子(zi)(zi)自(zi)援氓村,三子(zi)(zi)應(ying)先(xian)遂(sui)跡滇南蒙自(zi);淮(huai)國公與長子(zi)(zi)、四子(zi)(zi)、季子(zi)(zi)自(zi)奇及(ji)家口(kou),在逃避清軍圍(wei)追阻(zu)截的過程中,偶(ou)遇(yu)貨郎(lang)挑壇子(zi)(zi)過路,與人(ren)換了(le)著(zhu)(zhu)裝,接過壇子(zi)(zi)挑肩(jian)上,得以(yi)脫身,后知(zhi)其人(ren)羊(yang)潛虎(hu)死,淮(huai)國公對家人(ren)曰:“不知(zhi)他人(ren)姓(xing)氏名(ming)誰,就(jiu)跟著(zhu)(zhu)壇子(zi)(zi)姓(xing)吧”,一為(wei)紀念他人(ren)救命之(zhi)(zhi)恩,二為(wei)隱(yin)名(ming)埋姓(xing),就(jiu)改姓(xing)譚(取(qu)“壇”之(zhi)(zhi)音)了(le),
一(yi)(yi)代(dai)梟(xiao)雄,從鄉俚走(zou)來,轟(hong)轟(hong)烈烈半生,還(huan)歸鄉俚,隱姓(xing)埋(mai)名,頤養天(tian)年,無疾而終,享年七十一(yi)(yi)歲,葬于岱港村的花(hua)紅樹包包。