硯(yan)(yan)是(shi)中國(guo)傳統的(de)文(wen)(wen)書工具和(he)雕(diao)刻工藝(yi)相結合的(de)特有(you)(you)的(de)藝(yi)術品(pin)，她(ta)體現(xian)了中國(guo)數千年歷史的(de)文(wen)(wen)化，對(dui)傳播(bo)民族文(wen)(wen)化藝(yi)術起著重要(yao)的(de)作用。自南唐始即把她(ta)和(he)筆、墨(mo)、紙合稱為“文(wen)(wen)房四寶”。山(shan)東是(shi)古齊(qi)魯(lu)之邦(bang)，文(wen)(wen)化源遠(yuan)流(liu)長。境內所(suo)產(chan)硯(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，品(pin)類繁多(duo)；琢(zhuo)硯(yan)(yan)工藝(yi)，代有(you)(you)發(fa)展，素有(you)(you)“齊(qi)筆魯(lu)硯(yan)(yan)”之美譽。魯(lu)硯(yan)(yan)，是(shi)山(shan)東各(ge)地(di)所(suo)產(chan)硯(yan)(yan)種(zhong)的(de)總(zong)稱，有(you)(you)十多(duo)種(zhong)，并久負盛名(ming)。像紅(hong)絲石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、淄石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、徐公石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、田橫石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、尼(ni)山(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金星石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、浮來山(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、龜石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、燕子石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等硯(yan)(yan)品(pin)早在唐宋時期就(jiu)被視為稀世珍寶。西晉(jin)《博物(wu)志》有(you)(you)“天下名(ming)硯(yan)(yan)四十有(you)(you)一，以青州(zhou)紅(hong)絲石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為第一”的(de)記載。
魯(lu)硯(yan)：泛指山東境內所產(chan)的(de)各(ge)種硯(yan)品，因(yin)山東古屬魯(lu)地(di)故以山東省所產(chan)諸硯(yan)石(shi)制成的(de)硯(yan)，通常簡稱為“魯(lu)硯(yan)”。
明(ming)確提出“魯(lu)硯”一詞在七十年代末，之(zhi)前(qian)只有單(dan)個硯品(pin)(pin)名稱以紅絲(si)石(shi)(shi)為代表(biao)如；臨(lin)朐青州紅絲(si)石(shi)(shi)、淄博(bo)淄石(shi)(shi)、曲阜尼(ni)山石(shi)(shi)、臨(lin)沂徐公石(shi)(shi)、莒縣浮(fu)萊石(shi)(shi)、田橫石(shi)(shi)、駝基石(shi)(shi)、金星(xing)石(shi)(shi)、溫石(shi)(shi)等計有十三(san)個品(pin)(pin)種遍(bian)布山東境內(nei)臨(lin)朐等十余個縣市區(qu)。
在(zai)魯硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制作(zuo)傳承過程(cheng)中(zhong)，藝人(ren)充分運(yun)用和(he)發揮各種硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)材(cai)的色紋、形態等方面的自然特點(dian)，因材(cai)施(shi)藝、寓粗(cu)巧于簡樸(pu)，逐漸形成了巧用天工、簡樸(pu)大(da)(da)方、文化(hua)底蘊(yun)豐厚、藝術(shu)風(feng)格鮮(xian)明等特色，“出(chu)新意于法度之中(zhong)，寄(ji)妙理于豪放之外(wai)”，在(zai)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)林中(zhong)不斷創(chuang)新的輝(hui)煌。近年來(lai)，魯硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制作(zuo)中(zhong)涌現的《聽(ting)竹(zhu)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》、《黃河情(qing)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》、《甲骨(gu)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》、《相(xiang)思(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》，鬼(gui)斧(fu)神工，技壓群芳，享譽(yu)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壇。其中(zhong)的《聽(ting)竹(zhu)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)禮贈送來(lai)華訪(fang)問的明仁天皇;《相(xiang)思(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》等三件(套)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)被評為(wei)(wei)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)工藝美術(shu)珍品;“唐詩(shi)三百硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”開(kai)創(chuang)了中(zhong)國(guo)大(da)(da)型系(xi)列硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文化(hua)的先(xian)河，讓人(ren)一飽硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)福。1978年魯硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)第(di)一次進京(jing)(jing)展(zhan)出(chu)，當代學者趙樸(pu)初、畫家(jia)(jia)李苦禪(chan)、書法家(jia)(jia)馬千里等人(ren)紛紛題辭祝(zhu)賀。1979年在(zai)廣交會和(he)日本東京(jing)(jing)舉行的魯硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)藝術(shu)展(zhan)產生轟動，并開(kai)始出(chu)口日本、東南(nan)亞等地，被越來(lai)越多的國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文化(hua)愛(ai)好者珍重和(he)收(shou)藏。
西晉。張華《博(bo)物志》：“天(tian)下名硯(yan)(yan)四十(shi)有一(yi)，以青州紅絲石為第一(yi)。”唐代(dai)顏真卿(qing)、柳公權著(zhu)(zhu)作均有記載。宋代(dai)唐彥猷《硯(yan)(yan)錄》、高(gao)似蓀《硯(yan)(yan)箋(jian)》、米芾《硯(yan)(yan)史》高(gao)南阜(fu)《硯(yan)(yan)史》.亦(yi)都有著(zhu)(zhu)述.魯(lu)硯(yan)(yan)石質(zhi)、色澤、紋(wen)彩(cai)、天(tian)然形(xing)狀等方面(mian)，各(ge)具特(te)點。一(yi)九七九年石可先生寫(xie)了《魯(lu)硯(yan)(yan)》、《魯(lu)硯(yan)(yan)譜(pu)》
兩部(bu)專著。詳(xiang)細(xi)記(ji)述和品(pin)評了(le)山東(dong)各種硯(yan)品(pin)的(de)歷史、產地、硯(yan)材質(zhi)地，并(bing)明(ming)確提出了(le)關于‘魯硯(yan)’充分發揮各種硯(yan)材色、紋(wen)、形(xing)態等方(fang)面的(de)自然特(te)點，因(yin)材施藝，寓精巧于簡樸之(zhi)中，形(xing)成了(le)樸實(shi)、大方(fang)、簡潔的(de)獨特(te)的(de)藝術風格和今后的(de)發展(zhan)方(fang)向。
魯硯為(wei)山東境內所產硯石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)成硯臺的通稱，唐、宋(song)時期即享盛名。主(zhu)要硯石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的品(pin)類(lei)有；紅絲(si)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、紫金(jin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、淄石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鼉磯石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、徐公石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、溫石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、田橫石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、尼山石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金(jin)星(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、薛(xue)南石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、浮來山石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、龜石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、燕(yan)子石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)品(pin)種(zhong)，用以上(shang)諸(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)成的硯統稱為(wei)魯硯。另外柘溝(gou)澄(cheng)泥硯也應納入(ru)魯硯范圍。
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