思(si)州(zhou)(zhou)石(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),簡稱(cheng)(cheng)“思(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”或“思(si)州(zhou)(zhou)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”。因硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)材(cai)產于古(gu)(gu)思(si)州(zhou)(zhou)治(zhi)地(di)(今岑(cen)鞏縣(xian)思(si)陽(yang)鎮)而得名(ming)。思(si)州(zhou)(zhou)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是岑(cen)鞏縣(xian)的(de)特產,古(gu)(gu)時即馳名(ming)神州(zhou)(zhou)。相(xiang)傳于漢(han)代前期,已有兩千多年的(de)歷史(shi)(shi)。因內含有天(tian)然的(de)金(jin)星礦石(shi),故又稱(cheng)(cheng)“金(jin)星石(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”。思(si)州(zhou)(zhou)石(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是中(zhong)國歷史(shi)(shi)上開發與(yu)利用較早(zao)的(de)八(ba)大(da)石(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之一。有文人贊曰:“水石(shi)殊質,云(yun)滋露液(ye),渾(hun)金(jin)璞玉(yu),惜墨惜筆”。當今的(de)思(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)保持了高超的(de)傳統工藝(yi),揉和當代藝(yi)術,造型(xing)奇(qi)巧而精(jing)細(xi),結構復雜而嚴謹。雕(diao)刻有“雙龍(long)搶寶(bao)”、“單(dan)龍(long)戲珠(zhu)”、“雙鳳(feng)朝(chao)陽(yang)”、“龍(long)鳳(feng)呈祥(xiang)”、“鴛鴦戲水”、“犀牛(niu)望月(yue)”、“喜鵲(que)鬧梅(mei)”、“青松(song)白鶴(he)”、“松(song)鼠偷葡萄”、“鯉魚(yu)躍龍(long)門”、“龜硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”、“蛙硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”、“金(jin)魚(yu)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”等60余(yu)種(zhong)圖(tu)案,優(you)美而古(gu)(gu)樸。尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)是圖(tu)案中(zhong)的(de)動物(wu)眼睛(jing),植物(wu)花蕊,珍寶(bao)奇(qi)珠(zhu)以(yi)及日月(yue)星辰等都(dou)是用天(tian)然金(jin)星石(shi)制成(cheng)。成(cheng)品通(tong)體漆(qi)亮(liang),光(guang)可鑒人,金(jin)星閃爍(shuo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)間,如哈(ha)氣硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)塘,則(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)云(yun)滋露液(ye)久(jiu)久(jiu)不(bu)收。思(si)州(zhou)(zhou)石(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)自古(gu)(gu)以(yi)來被文人墨客視為珍奇(qi),備(bei)受喜歡。是我國“八(ba)大(da)名(ming)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”之一。北(bei)宋大(da)文豪蘇(su)東(dong)坡譽之為“珙(gong)璧(bi)”,清康熙皇帝作(zuo)為御(yu)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),是當地(di)歷代官府進奉(feng)朝(chao)廷的(de)珍貴貢(gong)品。日本前首相(xiang)田中(zhong)角榮當年訪問我國時,曾向周總理求取思(si)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。
一(yi)方石硯(yan)(yan)(yan)從(cong)打胚到(dao)制成硯(yan)(yan)(yan)臺須歷30道工序,費時20余天。其敲、琢(zhuo)、雕(diao)、刻全靠手(shou)上工夫(fu),工序一(yi)道比一(yi)道艱難,稍有不(bu)慎(shen)便毀于一(yi)旦。思硯(yan)(yan)(yan)圖案(an)設計精巧,結構復雜嚴謹,工藝考究,題材廣泛,無(wu)論是龍(long)、鳳(feng)、麟、魚(yu)(yu),或是人(ren)、物、山、水,飛禽走獸,都能濃(nong)縮其間。其圖案(an)造型(xing)有:雙龍(long)搶(qiang)寶(bao)、單(dan)龍(long)戲(xi)珠、雙鳳(feng)朝(chao)陽、龍(long)鳳(feng)呈祥(xiang)、九(jiu)龍(long)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)、金(jin)魚(yu)(yu)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)、荷葉(xie)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)、八卦硯(yan)(yan)(yan)、福壽硯(yan)(yan)(yan)、墀牛望月、喜鵲含梅、鯉魚(yu)(yu)躍龍(long)門(men)、獅子滾繡球(qiu)等上百種。
思(si)硯不(bu)僅石(shi)色美觀,且質地優(you)良(liang)。它通體墨(mo)黑發亮,光(guang)可鑒人(ren)(ren),又堅實如(ru)(ru)(ru)玉(yu),細膩如(ru)(ru)(ru)膚(fu);硯上點點金星,圓如(ru)(ru)(ru)古錢(qian)、形如(ru)(ru)(ru)彎月,熒光(guang)閃(shan)爍,皎(jiao)美絕侖。它具有工于(yu)發墨(mo),貯(zhu)水不(bu)干,耐磨(mo)不(bu)嶙,研汁如(ru)(ru)(ru)油,明亮生輝(hui),惜筆惜墨(mo)等優(you)點。在(zai)無水時(shi),若(ruo)哈氣(qi)于(yu)硯中,便自出露液,即可磨(mo)墨(mo)寫字,故深受(shou)歷代文人(ren)(ren)墨(mo)客(ke)的喜歡(huan)。
唐、宋(song)時期,思州石硯(yan)在(zai)文人書齋中,受到蘇軾、黃庭堅、歐陽(yang)修等(deng)書畫名人的鐘愛。后經(jing)過元、明兩代(dai)藝人的努力,制硯(yan)技藝得到進一步(bu)的提高(gao),被明朝廷列為(wei)貢品。清朝康熙皇帝對思州石硯(yan)尤為(wei)贊賞,把它(ta)選作(zuo)“御硯(yan)”收藏。
北宋大文豪(hao)蘇東坡(po)譽之為(wei)“珙璧”,清(qing)康(kang)熙皇帝作(zuo)為(wei)御(yu)硯,是(shi)當地歷代官府進奉(feng)朝廷的珍貴貢品。
日本前首相田中角榮當年(nian)訪問我國(guo)時(shi),曾向周總理(li)索取思硯。
晉朝(chao)(chao)(chao)“書圣”王羲之臺前(qian)擺的就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)思州(zhou)(zhou)石硯,清(qing)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)康熙(xi)帝臺前(qian)也有(you)思州(zhou)(zhou)石硯,清(qing)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)末期,思州(zhou)(zhou)石硯流(liu)傳國(guo)(guo)外,在(zai)(zai)日本頗受歡(huan)迎。民國(guo)(guo)十九年(1930年),岑鞏縣制硯藝(yi)人聶寶善(shan)的作品榮獲“貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)省工(gong)業(ye)實業(ye)展(zhan)覽會甲級銀(yin)質獎章”。從而,思州(zhou)(zhou)石硯作坊也相繼(ji)興旺起來。特別是(shi)(shi)星石潭一(yi)帶,幾乎家(jia)家(jia)都有(you)制硯能手,在(zai)(zai)全國(guo)(guo)名硯林中占有(you)一(yi)席重要之地。
1960年(nian)1月,周恩(en)來總(zong)理視察貴州(zhou),他根(gen)據辦(ban)公桌上存放的思州(zhou)石(shi)硯,在他親自過問和關懷下,思州(zhou)石(shi)硯生產得以恢復(fu)和發(fa)展。1973年(nian)成立了“岑(cen)鞏(gong)縣工藝美術廠”,周樹南等(deng)老(lao)人積(ji)極擇(ze)徒授(shou)藝,組(zu)織生產,思州(zhou)石(shi)硯得以再次(ci)走出(chu)國門,先后出(chu)口(kou)東(dong)南亞各國。
1979年(nian)1月1日,國(guo)(guo)家輕工(gong)業部將(jiang)“思州石(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”列為全國(guo)(guo)傳統工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)美術品(pin)“刻(ke)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”的八大名(ming)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(端硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、歙(she)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、洮硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、賀(he)蘭(lan)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、思州石(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、羅(luo)紋硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、金星硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、魯(lu)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan))中的第(di)五位。1995年(nian),思硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)貿易部、國(guo)(guo)家專(zhuan)利局(ju)主辦的中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)技術產品(pin)展覽會上(shang)榮獲(huo)金獎(jiang)。2003年(nian),張小平(ping)同(tong)志(zhi)所刻(ke)的《思州春(chun)曉》、《榮華(hua)富貴》二方思硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),在(zai)第(di)三(san)屆中國(guo)(guo)文房(fang)四(si)寶當代名(ming)人名(ming)作(zuo)精品(pin)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大賽中獲(huo)銅獎(jiang);同(tong)年(nian)9月。在(zai)第(di)十屆全國(guo)(guo)文房(fang)四(si)寶藝(yi)(yi)博會上(shang)思硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)獲(huo)得2次(ci)“國(guo)(guo)之寶”——中國(guo)(guo)十大名(ming)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的殊榮。2006年(nian)3月,張小平(ping)同(tong)志(zhi)制作(zuo)的《龍(long)珠》硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),作(zuo)為禮品(pin)贈送給泰(tai)國(guo)(guo)公主詩琳(lin)通殿(dian)下。2006年(nian)4月,蘭(lan)干武(wu)同(tong)志(zhi)在(zai)《書法報》上(shang)以“誰(shui)感動了上(shang)帝”對“思州石(shi)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”作(zuo)過詳細報道。
“思州石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硯(yan)”石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材產地----岑鞏星石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)潭,方(fang)圓2華里范圍(wei),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體厚(hou)度(du)均達20米以上。山體藏石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豐富,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材量大,極具開采價值,尚待有(you)識之士前來考察、投資(zi)、開發。
岑鞏人民相信:思硯(yan)作為一(yi)種(zhong)文(wen)化品牌,一(yi)定會像茅臺(tai)酒那樣令婦孺皆知。到那時,感動上帝的不是哪一(yi)個(ge)人,而是思硯(yan)----國之(zhi)寶,是思硯(yan)經(jing)久不息的歷史和文(wen)化!