昌化(hua)雞(ji)血石產地在(zai)浙江省(sheng)臨安市上溪鄉玉巖(yan)山,礦(kuang)洞分(fen)布在(zai)康山嶺一帶。
雞血(xue)石(shi)(shi)含(han)有(you)辰砂(sha)、(朱砂(sha))、石(shi)(shi)英、方解(jie)石(shi)(shi)、輝銻礦、地開石(shi)(shi)、高嶺石(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)等(deng)礦物(wu),且大部分含(han)硫化(hua)(hua)汞等(deng)多種成份(fen)的硫化(hua)(hua)物(wu)以及硅酸鹽(yan)礦物(wu)。產地不(bu)同,質(zhi)地成分也不(bu)同,但都(dou)離不(bu)開硫化(hua)(hua)汞成分,也有(you)‘氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鐵’的橄(gan)欖石(shi)(shi)成分。
雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi)由“地(di)(di)”和(he)“血(xue)(xue)(xue)”兩部組成。一般認為“血(xue)(xue)(xue)”的(de)礦(kuang)物成分主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)辰(chen)(chen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)。“地(di)(di)“的(de)成分,如昌化(hua)雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi),其“地(di)(di)”的(de)礦(kuang)物成分以(yi)粘土礦(kuang)物中(zhong)的(de)地(di)(di)開石(shi)(shi)(shi)為主(zhu)(zhu),也(ye)含有(you)相(xiang)當(dang)量(liang)的(de)高(gao)嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi),明礬石(shi)(shi)(shi)、埃洛石(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)英、黃鐵礦(kuang)等。在早期,古(gu)代文人(ren)雅士及官僚就采用雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi)制作印章,是(shi)極(ji)富盛(sheng)名(ming)的(de)章料(liao)奇石(shi)(shi)(shi)。巴林雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)高(gao)嶺石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)硬水鋁石(shi)(shi)(shi);而其質(zhi)地(di)(di)較(jiao)為細(xi)膩(ni)(ni)的(de)黑凍雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)芙蓉凍雞血(xue)(xue)(xue)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要礦(kuang)物成分為地(di)(di)開石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)辰(chen)(chen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha);前些(xie)年在吉林某金礦(kuang)之頂(ding)部發現(xian)有(you)近(jin)似“金頂(ding)紅”的(de)脈石(shi)(shi)(shi)英致密塊體,其中(zhong)辰(chen)(chen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)非常細(xi)小,質(zhi)地(di)(di)堅硬細(xi)膩(ni)(ni),也(ye)是(shi)硬地(di)(di)含辰(chen)(chen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao),當(dang)地(di)(di)稱朱砂(sha)(sha)(sha)玉。
雞血石沒有固定的(de)形狀,叫(jiao)塊石狀,它的(de)色狀有塊血、條血、梅花血、浮云血。
塊(kuai)(kuai)血(xue):分布沒有(you)(you)規律,東生—塊(kuai)(kuai)、西生一(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai),有(you)(you)的塊(kuai)(kuai)石表面有(you)(you)一(yi)大(da)(da)塊(kuai)(kuai)紅(hong)(hong)色,而里(li)面一(yi)點紅(hong)(hong)的都沒有(you)(you);有(you)(you)的恰(qia)恰(qia)相反,所以購(gou)買雞血(xue)石毛料風險很大(da)(da)。
條血:分布有規律。
梅(mei)花血:象梅(mei)被開(kai)放一(yi)樣,整(zheng)個石頭都是星星點。
浮云血(xue):它生在寬帶或(huo)條(tiao)帶的間接處,即象(xiang)條(tiao)血(xue)又象(xiang)梅花血(xue),血(xue)形象(xiang)天上的浮云一樣,故名。
雞(ji)血石為朱砂(sha)(硫化汞)滲透到(dao)高(gao)嶺石中,地開石之中而緩慢形(xing)成,這樣兩者交融,共(gong)生一體(ti)的(de)天(tian)然寶石,在國內外是極為罕見(jian)的(de)一種。也有(you)的(de)雞(ji)血石含有(you)‘橄(gan)欖石’輝石凝結。
雞血(xue)的成份是(shi)(shi)硫化汞,石(shi)質則為地開(kai)石(shi)或(huo)高(gao)嶺石(shi),硬度為2—3度。石(shi)中時常帶有水(shui)銀(yin)斑及少(shao)(shao)量的石(shi)英顆粒(li)突起于石(shi)表面。雞血(xue)中除主要成份為硫化汞外(wai),還含有少(shao)(shao)量的致(zhi)色(se)(se)元(yuan)(yuan)素鐵、鈦,它們是(shi)(shi)深色(se)(se)染劑,它的含量多少(shao)(shao)是(shi)(shi)雞血(xue)呈(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)(xian)不同紅(hong)色(se)(se)的主要原因(yin),含量多則血(xue)色(se)(se)呈(cheng)(cheng)暗紅(hong)色(se)(se)。另外(wai),雞血(xue)石(shi)也含有不同的感光(guang)元(yuan)(yuan)素硒、碲,這也是(shi)(shi)雞血(xue)在(zai)光(guang)照和(he)熱烤(kao)下退色(se)(se)或(huo)變色(se)(se)(呈(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)(xian)暗紅(hong))的主要原因(yin)。
雞血石(shi)(shi)按產(chan)地劃分(fen)可分(fen)為昌(chang)化雞血石(shi)(shi)、巴林雞血石(shi)(shi)和其他產(chan)地雞血石(shi)(shi)三(san)大類。
巴林(lin)(lin)雞血石(shi)是指產于(yu)內蒙古巴林(lin)(lin)的雞血石(shi)。其“地(di)(di)”細膩滋(zi)潤(run),透(tou)明度好,并以凍地(di)(di)為主,幾乎沒有軟地(di)(di)、剛地(di)(di)、硬地(di)(di),且(qie)不(bu)含砂釘(ding),但血色淡薄嬌嫩(nen),因(yin)而有“北地(di)(di)”之稱。
昌(chang)化(hua)(hua)雞血石(shi)可分為凍(dong)地(di)(di)、軟(ruan)地(di)(di)、剛(gang)地(di)(di)和硬(ying)地(di)(di)四大類。凍(dong)地(di)(di)雞血石(shi)為玻璃凍(dong)、羊脂凍(dong)、牛角凍(dong)、桃花凍(dong)等,微透明(ming)或(huo)半透明(ming),硬(ying)度在2—3級(ji)。軟(ruan)地(di)(di)雞血石(shi)的硬(ying)度為2—4級(ji),剛(gang)地(di)(di)雞血石(shi)是高(gao)嶺石(shi)、明(ming)礬石(shi)巖(yan)經(jing)后期硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)的產物(wu),硬(ying)度在4—7級(ji)。硬(ying)地(di)(di)雞血石(shi)是成礦過程中硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)作用的產物(wu),地(di)(di)質學名為辰砂(sha)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)凝灰巖(yan)或(huo)含辰砂(sha)硅(gui)質巖(yan),主(zhu)要(yao)成份SiO2,其(qi)硬(ying)度大于7級(ji)。
昌化雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)血(xue)(xue)石(shi)的(de)品質(zhi)(zhi)是血(xue)(xue)和地。血(xue)(xue)色(se)(se)為(wei)(wei)鮮(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、正紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、深紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、紫紅(hong)(hong)(hong)等,雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)血(xue)(xue)的(de)形狀有塊紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、條紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、星紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、霞紅(hong)(hong)(hong)等,并能達到鮮(xian)(xian)、凝、厚(hou)為(wei)(wei)佳(jia),深沉(chen)有厚(hou)度,深透石(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),有集結或斑(ban)布均(jun)衡為(wei)(wei)佳(jia)。血(xue)(xue)量少于10%者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)般,少于30%為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)檔,大(da)于50%者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)珍(zhen)品,70%以(yi)上(shang)者(zhe)珍(zhen)貴難得。全紅(hong)(hong)(hong)或六面(mian)血(xue)(xue)為(wei)(wei)極(ji)品。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)而通靈的(de)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)血(xue)(xue)石(shi)稱為(wei)(wei)“大(da)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)袍”,除了紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)“雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)血(xue)(xue)”以(yi)外(wai),底色(se)(se)尚有黑、白、黃、綠(lv)、藍、灰褐、紫、青等基(ji)本顏色(se)(se),再加上(shang)濃淡深淺(qian)不(bu)一(yi)的(de)各種色(se)(se)彩(cai)相(xiang)互(hu)融合(he),天(tian)然(ran)渾成,不(bu)須人工(gong)雕鑿(zao),已(yi)構成一(yi)幅(fu)幅(fu)自然(ran)美麗的(de)圖案。黑白地與雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)血(xue)(xue)三色(se)(se)的(de)稱為(wei)(wei)“劉關張”,也是奇(qi)妙之(zhi)品,色(se)(se)彩(cai)奇(qi)麗,變化萬千(qian)。除此之(zhi)外(wai),昌化雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)血(xue)(xue)石(shi)石(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),還具有“細(xi)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、潤、膩、溫、凝”之(zhi)六德(de)。
桂林雞(ji)血石顏色豐富,以(yi)紅色為主(zhu),兼(jian)備了和田玉的(de)白、翡翠的(de)綠,另一(yi)方面雞(ji)血石以(yi)紅為上,紅色越(yue)(yue)鮮明越(yue)(yue)有(you)收藏價值。
根據雞血石的血色和質地(di)可分為:大紅袍、玻璃凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、田黃凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、羊脂(zhi)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、牛角凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、朱砂凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、藕粉凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、五(wu)彩凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、桃紅凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、豆青凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、瑪瑙凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、木紋凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、魚腦凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、魚子(zi)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、蛇皮凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、雪花凍(dong)(dong)(dong)等。