永濟市(shi)伍姓(xing)湖(hu)濕(shi)地自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)緊鄰山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省西(xi)(xi)南端永濟市(shi)區(qu)(qu)。以伍姓(xing)湖(hu)水(shui)面為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心,西(xi)(xi)接市(shi)區(qu)(qu)東外(wai)環路(lu),東到涑水(shui)河與(yu)姚暹(xian)渠交叉入(ru)湖(hu)口,南臨(lin)中(zhong)(zhong)條山(shan)下(xia)運風(feng)旅(lv)游(you)路(lu),北(bei)至運風(feng)高速路(lu)以北(bei)約1.5公(gong)里(li)處。東西(xi)(xi)長7.2公(gong)里(li),南北(bei)寬(kuan)5.9公(gong)里(li)。總控制面積38平方(fang)公(gong)里(li),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)核心水(shui)面11.3平方(fang)公(gong)里(li),是(shi)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)乃至華北(bei)半干(gan)旱地區(qu)(qu)罕(han)見的(de)一座大型(xing)濕(shi)地。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內有(you)多(duo)種鳥類(lei)及野生(sheng)植物,是(shi)許多(duo)珍稀鳥類(lei)遷(qian)徙的(de)棲息(xi)地和中(zhong)(zhong)轉(zhuan)站(zhan)。為(wei)有(you)效的(de)保(bao)護濕(shi)地生(sheng)態系統(tong)和野生(sheng)動(dong)植物,開(kai)發(fa)生(sheng)態旅(lv)游(you),永濟市(shi)人(ren)民(min)政府(fu)于(yu)2010年9月批準成(cheng)立(li)了(le)伍姓(xing)湖(hu)濕(shi)地保(bao)護開(kai)發(fa)領導組,負責濕(shi)地的(de)保(bao)護,科(ke)研科(ke)普,開(kai)發(fa)利(li)用等工(gong)作。
伍姓(xing)(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)其實沒(mei)有十分(fen)清(qing)晰的湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)界,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多則湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)大,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)少則湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)小。1959年(nian)(nian)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位最(zui)高,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)容積達(da)4555.6萬立方米(mi)。據多年(nian)(nian)監測(ce),伍姓(xing)(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積一般在10平(ping)方公(gong)里至20平(ping)方公(gong)里,最(zui)大時(shi)可(ke)達(da)40平(ping)方公(gong)里;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深1米(mi)到3米(mi),最(zui)大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深達(da)到過4米(mi)(1956年(nian)(nian))。1946年(nian)(nian),連續(xu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)曾導(dao)致湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)(gan)(gan)涸。20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代(dai),上游涑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河、姚(yao)暹渠(qu)興建多座水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)周邊地區大面(mian)積開采地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),加之(zhi)氣候(hou)干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)少雨,致伍姓(xing)(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)長期干(gan)(gan)(gan)涸無水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),變成荒灘。后來尊村引黃(huang)泵站建成運(yun)行,實施大面(mian)積灌溉,加之(zhi)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量的增多,伍姓(xing)(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)內復又(you)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),并利用其有限的湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發(fa)展起(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產漁業。
翻看歷(li)史(shi)文獻,一個(ge)煙波(bo)浩渺、風景如畫的(de)大(da)湖(hu)迎(ying)面而來。明代襄垣(yuan)人王(wang)子俊(jun)曾(ceng)在伍(wu)姓湖(hu)旁建(jian)起別墅,并自記曰:“煙波(bo)渺彌,沙鳥上(shang)下,秋則蘆花吹雪,夏則蓮葉披云,把釣浮(fu)舟開(kai)窗待月,村樵漁(yu)子共話田園”描繪出當時湖(hu)岸四周山(shan)水依傍(bang)、耕讀漁(yu)樵的(de)美好(hao)生活。明版《永(yong)濟縣(xian)志(zhi)·伍(wu)姓湖(hu)》記載:“湖(hu)旁昔多樓臺,居人環繞,每夏荷花盡(jin)發,燦若霞錦,雜以綠萍、紅(hong)蓼、漁(yu)人、罟師,水鳧(fu)鷺(lu),疑(yi)乃間作,飛浴相(xiang)翔,致為勝觀(guan)”也印證了(le)王(wang)子俊(jun)所(suo)記。公元(yuan)1813年(nian),清代蒲州知府周景柱主持對湖(hu)塘挑挖疏浚,并作賦(fu)《伍(wu)姓湖(hu)歌》:“湖(hu)波(bo)泮淼不(bu)知遠,澄作汪汪千頃波(bo)。平開(kai)鏡面天上(shang)下,靴紋屈織(zhi)鋪琉(liu)璃……”這位(wei)周知府筆下的(de)伍(wu)姓湖(hu),儼然可(ke)與江南魚米之(zhi)鄉洞庭、鄱陽媲(pi)美。