王(wang)(wang)遠(yuan)知(zhi) 后(hou)(hou)(hou)為揚(yang)州(zhou)人(ren)(ren)。又名遠(yuan)智(zhi),字德廣。《唐(tang)(tang)國師(shi)升真先(xian)生王(wang)(wang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)主真人(ren)(ren)立觀碑》、《歷(li)(li)世真仙體道(dao)通鑒(jian)》卷二五載:生于世宦之家。年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)五,師(shi)事(shi)陶弘景,得上清派(pai)道(dao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。弱(ruo)冠,又從宗(zong)(zong)道(dao)先(xian)生臧矜學(xue)(xue),得諸秘訣。遂游歷(li)(li)天下,后(hou)(hou)(hou)歸隱茅(mao)山(shan)。專習辟(pi)谷休糧、上清道(dao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。陳主詔入重陽(yang)殿,在山(shan)宣(xuan)揚(yang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)味,開度后(hou)(hou)(hou)學(xue)(xue)。隋(sui)(sui)開皇十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(592),楊廣據揚(yang)州(zhou),厚(hou)禮敕(chi)見(jian)(jian)。大(da)(da)(da)業七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(611),隋(sui)(sui)煬帝召見(jian)(jian)于涿州(zhou)臨朔(shuo)宮,親執弟子禮,問(wen)以仙道(dao)事(shi)。煬帝歸朝,扈駕洛(luo)都,奉敕(chi)于中岳修齋(zhai)儀,復詔移居洛(luo)陽(yang)玉清玄(xuan)壇。唐(tang)(tang)太(tai)宗(zong)(zong)為秦王(wang)(wang)時,親授三洞法(fa)(fa)(fa)策于官邸。太(tai)宗(zong)(zong)即位(wei),以疾固辭還山(shan),時人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)為“王(wang)(wang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)主”。敕(chi)于茅(mao)山(shan)造太(tai)平觀居之,未畢,卒。史稱(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)一百二十(shi)六歲。高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)調露二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(680)追(zhui)贈“太(tai)中大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)”,謚(shi)“升真先(xian)生”。則天武后(hou)(hou)(hou)嗣(si)圣元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(684)追(zhui)贈“金(jin)紫光祿大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)”,改謚(shi)“升玄(xuan)先(xian)生”。著《易(yi)總(zong)》十(shi)五卷。事(shi)見(jian)(jian)《舊唐(tang)(tang)書·隱逸(yi)傳(chuan)》。
道士王(wang)遠知,瑯邪人也(ye)(ye)。祖景賢,梁江州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。父曇(tan)選(xuan)(xuan),陳(chen)揚州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。遠知母,梁駕(jia)部郎中(zhong)(zhong)丁超(chao)女(nv)也(ye)(ye)。嘗(chang)晝寢,夢靈鳳(feng)集(ji)其身,因而(er)有娠,又聞(wen)腹(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)啼聲(sheng),沙門寶志謂曇(tan)選(xuan)(xuan)曰:“生(sheng)子當為(wei)神仙之宗伯也(ye)(ye)。”
遠知(zhi)少(shao)聰敏,博綜群(qun)書(shu)。初入(ru)(ru)茅山,師(shi)事陶弘景,傳其龍騰辟谷道(dao)法。后(hou)又師(shi)事宗道(dao)先(xian)生(sheng)臧兢。陳主聞其名(ming),召入(ru)(ru)重陽殿,令講論(lun),甚見嗟賞。及(ji)隋煬帝(di)(di)為晉(jin)王,鎮揚(yang)州,使王子(zi)相、柳顧言(yan)相次召之(zhi)。遠知(zhi)乃來謁見,斯須而須發變白,晉(jin)王懼而遣(qian)之(zhi),少(shao)頃(qing)又復(fu)其舊。煬帝(di)(di)幸涿郡,遣(qian)員(yuan)外(wai)郎崔(cui)鳳舉(ju)就邀(yao)之(zhi),遠知(zhi)見于(yu)臨(lin)朔(shuo)宮,煬帝(di)(di)親執弟子(zi)之(zhi)禮,敕都城起玉清玄壇(tan)以處之(zhi)。及(ji)幸揚(yang)州,遠知(zhi)諫不宜(yi)遠去京國,煬帝(di)(di)不從。
高(gao)(gao)祖之(zhi)(zhi)龍(long)潛(qian)也,遠知嘗密傳符命。武德中,太宗(zong)平王世充(chong),與(yu)房(fang)玄(xuan)齡(ling)微服以謁之(zhi)(zhi)。遠知迎(ying)謂曰:“此(ci)中有圣人(ren),得非秦王乎?”太宗(zong)因以實告(gao)。遠知曰:“方作太平天(tian)子,愿自惜也。”太宗(zong)登極,將加重位(wei),固請歸山(shan)(shan)。至貞觀九(jiu)年(nian),敕潤州于(yu)(yu)茅山(shan)(shan)置(zhi)太受觀,并(bing)度道士二(er)十七(qi)人(ren)。降璽書(shu)曰:“先(xian)生(sheng)操履夷簡(jian),德業沖粹,屏(ping)棄塵雜,棲志(zhi)虛玄(xuan),吐(tu)故納新,食芝餌術,念眾妙于(yu)(yu)三清之(zhi)(zhi)表,返華發于(yu)(yu)百齡(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),道邁(mai)前烈,聲高(gao)(gao)自古。非夫(fu)得秘訣(jue)于(yu)(yu)金壇(tan),受幽文于(yu)(yu)玉笈者,其孰能與(yu)此(ci)乎!朕(zhen)昔(xi)在籓朝,早獲問道,眷言風范,無忘寤(wu)寐。近(jin)覽來奏,請歸舊山(shan)(shan),已有別敕,不違高(gao)(gao)志(zhi),并(bing)許置(zhi)觀,用表宿(su)心。未知先(xian)生(sheng)早晚已屆江外(wai),所(suo)營(ying)棟(dong)宇(yu),何當就(jiu)功(gong)?佇聞委曲,副茲引領。近(jin)已令太史(shi)薛(xue)頤等往詣,令宣朕(zhen)意。”
其年(nian)(nian),遠知謂(wei)弟子(zi)籓(fan)師(shi)正曰:“吾見仙格,以吾小時(shi)誤損一童子(zi)吻,不(bu)得白日(ri)升天。見署少室伯(bo),將行在(zai)即。”翌日(ri),沐(mu)浴,加冠衣,焚(fen)香而寢。卒(zu),年(nian)(nian)一百二十六歲。調(diao)露二年(nian)(nian),追贈(zeng)遠知太中大夫(fu),謚(shi)曰升真(zhen)先生(sheng)。則天臨朝(chao),追贈(zeng)金紫光祿大夫(fu)。天授二年(nian)(nian),改謚(shi)曰升玄先生(sheng)。