王(wang)(wang)遠知 后(hou)為(wei)揚州人。又名遠智(zhi),字德廣。《唐(tang)國師升真(zhen)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)王(wang)(wang)法(fa)主真(zhen)人立觀(guan)碑》、《歷世真(zhen)仙體道通鑒》卷二(er)五載:生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)世宦之(zhi)家。年(nian)十(shi)(shi)五,師事(shi)陶弘景(jing),得上清(qing)(qing)派道法(fa)。弱(ruo)冠,又從宗(zong)道先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)臧(zang)矜學,得諸秘訣(jue)。遂(sui)游歷天下,后(hou)歸隱茅山(shan)。專習辟谷(gu)休(xiu)糧、上清(qing)(qing)道法(fa)。陳(chen)主詔(zhao)入重陽(yang)殿,在山(shan)宣揚法(fa)味,開度后(hou)學。隋(sui)開皇十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(592),楊廣據揚州,厚禮敕見(jian)。大業七年(nian)(611),隋(sui)煬(yang)(yang)帝(di)召見(jian)于(yu)涿州臨(lin)朔宮(gong),親(qin)執(zhi)弟子(zi)禮,問(wen)以仙道事(shi)。煬(yang)(yang)帝(di)歸朝,扈駕洛(luo)都,奉敕于(yu)中(zhong)岳修齋儀,復詔(zhao)移居洛(luo)陽(yang)玉(yu)清(qing)(qing)玄壇(tan)。唐(tang)太(tai)(tai)宗(zong)為(wei)秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)時(shi),親(qin)授(shou)三洞(dong)法(fa)策于(yu)官邸。太(tai)(tai)宗(zong)即位,以疾固辭還山(shan),時(shi)人稱(cheng)為(wei)“王(wang)(wang)法(fa)主”。敕于(yu)茅山(shan)造(zao)太(tai)(tai)平觀(guan)居之(zhi),未畢,卒。史稱(cheng)年(nian)一(yi)百(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)六歲。高宗(zong)調露二(er)年(nian)(680)追贈(zeng)“太(tai)(tai)中(zhong)大夫(fu)”,謚“升真(zhen)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”。則(ze)天武后(hou)嗣(si)圣(sheng)元年(nian)(684)追贈(zeng)“金紫(zi)光祿大夫(fu)”,改謚“升玄先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”。著《易(yi)總》十(shi)(shi)五卷。事(shi)見(jian)《舊唐(tang)書·隱逸傳(chuan)》。
道士王遠知,瑯邪人也(ye)。祖景賢(xian),梁江州(zhou)刺史(shi)。父曇(tan)選,陳揚州(zhou)刺史(shi)。遠知母(mu),梁駕部郎中(zhong)丁超女也(ye)。嘗晝寢(qin),夢(meng)靈(ling)鳳集(ji)其身,因而有娠(shen),又聞腹中(zhong)啼聲(sheng),沙門寶志(zhi)謂(wei)曇(tan)選曰:“生子當為神仙(xian)之宗(zong)伯也(ye)。”
遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)知(zhi)少聰敏,博綜群書。初入茅山,師事(shi)陶弘景,傳(chuan)其龍騰辟谷道法。后又(you)師事(shi)宗(zong)道先生臧兢。陳(chen)主(zhu)聞其名,召入重陽殿,令講論,甚見(jian)嗟賞(shang)。及隋(sui)煬(yang)帝(di)為晉王,鎮(zhen)揚(yang)州(zhou),使王子相(xiang)、柳(liu)顧言相(xiang)次召之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)知(zhi)乃來謁見(jian),斯須而須發變白,晉王懼而遣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),少頃又(you)復(fu)其舊。煬(yang)帝(di)幸涿郡,遣員(yuan)外郎崔鳳舉就邀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)知(zhi)見(jian)于臨朔(shuo)宮(gong),煬(yang)帝(di)親執(zhi)弟子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮,敕都城起(qi)玉清(qing)玄壇以處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及幸揚(yang)州(zhou),遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)知(zhi)諫不宜遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)去京國,煬(yang)帝(di)不從(cong)。
高祖之龍潛也(ye),遠(yuan)知嘗密傳符命。武德(de)中(zhong),太(tai)宗(zong)平王世充,與房(fang)玄(xuan)齡(ling)微服以(yi)(yi)謁之。遠(yuan)知迎謂曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“此中(zhong)有(you)圣人,得(de)非(fei)秦王乎(hu)?”太(tai)宗(zong)因以(yi)(yi)實告。遠(yuan)知曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“方作太(tai)平天子(zi),愿(yuan)自惜也(ye)。”太(tai)宗(zong)登(deng)極,將加重位(wei),固請(qing)歸山。至貞觀九(jiu)年,敕潤州于(yu)茅山置太(tai)受觀,并度(du)道(dao)士二十(shi)七人。降璽書曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“先(xian)生操履夷(yi)簡(jian),德(de)業沖粹,屏棄塵雜,棲志虛玄(xuan),吐故納新,食(shi)芝餌術,念眾(zhong)妙于(yu)三清之表,返華(hua)發于(yu)百齡(ling)之外(wai)(wai),道(dao)邁前烈,聲高自古(gu)。非(fei)夫得(de)秘訣于(yu)金(jin)壇,受幽文于(yu)玉笈(ji)者,其孰能與此乎(hu)!朕昔(xi)在(zai)籓(fan)朝(chao),早(zao)獲(huo)問道(dao),眷言風范,無忘寤寐(mei)。近(jin)覽來(lai)奏(zou),請(qing)歸舊山,已(yi)有(you)別敕,不違高志,并許置觀,用表宿心。未知先(xian)生早(zao)晚已(yi)屆江(jiang)外(wai)(wai),所營棟宇,何當就(jiu)功?佇聞(wen)委曲,副茲引領(ling)。近(jin)已(yi)令(ling)(ling)太(tai)史薛(xue)頤(yi)等往詣,令(ling)(ling)宣朕意。”
其年(nian),遠知(zhi)謂(wei)弟子籓師(shi)正曰:“吾(wu)見仙格,以吾(wu)小時誤損一童子吻,不得白日升(sheng)天(tian)(tian)。見署(shu)少室伯,將行在即。”翌日,沐(mu)浴,加冠衣,焚香而寢。卒(zu),年(nian)一百二十六歲。調露二年(nian),追贈(zeng)遠知(zhi)太中大(da)夫(fu),謚曰升(sheng)真先生。則天(tian)(tian)臨朝,追贈(zeng)金紫光(guang)祿大(da)夫(fu)。天(tian)(tian)授二年(nian),改謚曰升(sheng)玄先生。