腸旺面,是貴(gui)州(zhou)極負盛名的(de)(de)一種(zhong)傳統風味面食。在(zai)貴(gui)州(zhou)眾多(duo)的(de)(de)小吃中(zhong),以色(se)、香、味“三絕”而(er)(er)著(zhu)稱。具有血嫩、面脆(cui)、辣(la)香、湯鮮的(de)(de)風味口感,以及紅而(er)(er)不辣(la)、油而(er)(er)不膩、脆(cui)而(er)(er)不生的(de)(de)特點。
“腸”即豬大(da)腸,“旺(wang)”則是(shi)(shi)豬血,輔以面(mian)條,三者相加便相得益彰(zhang)。 “腸旺(wang)”是(shi)(shi)“常旺(wang)”的諧音,寓意吉祥。貴陽市區內各小吃(chi)街均(jun)有賣(mai)。
腸旺面之(zhi)所以(yi)能(neng)獨具一格,不僅因為它(ta)(ta)有滋味悠長的(de)(de)肥(fei)腸和(he)血(xue)旺,還因為它(ta)(ta)有和(he)肥(fei)腸、血(xue)旺一樣(yang)重要的(de)(de)脆(cui)臊(sao)(sao)。說穿了,它(ta)(ta)用(yong)肥(fei)腸和(he)血(xue)旺分別制成(cheng)(cheng)腸臊(sao)(sao)和(he)旺臊(sao)(sao),再用(yong)豬五(wu)花肉(rou)制成(cheng)(cheng)脆(cui)臊(sao)(sao),然(ran)后用(yong)腸油(you)、脆(cui)臊(sao)(sao)加辣椒油(you)制成(cheng)(cheng)紅油(you),由此(ci)而形成(cheng)(cheng)了腸旺面“三臊(sao)(sao)”加紅油(you)的(de)(de)基(ji)本特(te)色。
腸旺(wang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的特(te)(te)色還在于它的面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)制(zhi)作(zuo)工(gong)藝(yi)有些特(te)(te)別。腸旺(wang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)為手工(gong)雞(ji)蛋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)。制(zhi)作(zuo)時用(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)等面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉500克,加入(ru)(ru)4個雞(ji)蛋、少許食用(yong)(yong)(yong)堿及(ji)適量清(qing)水(shui),經(jing)反復揉搓制(zhi)成(cheng)水(shui)調面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)團。然后(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)團放在特(te)(te)制(zhi)的案(an)板上(shang)(shang),經(jing)反復折疊擠壓制(zhi)成(cheng)薄如(ru)綢緞的面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮,再用(yong)(yong)(yong)豆粉作(zuo)撲粉撒(sa)在面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮上(shang)(shang),將(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮折疊起(qi)來(lai)切(qie)成(cheng)細(xi)絲狀。整個操作(zuo)過程有“三翻四搭九(jiu)道切(qie)”之說。腸旺(wang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)的煮(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)也十分(fen)講究。正宗的腸旺(wang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是一碗(wan)(wan)(wan)一煮(zhu),從不一次煮(zhu)一大鍋(guo)。每碗(wan)(wan)(wan)腸旺(wang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)約80克,抖散下入(ru)(ru)燒至微沸的開水(shui)鍋(guo)中(zhong)(zhong),煮(zhu)至鍋(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)翻滾時,用(yong)(yong)(yong)竹筷將(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)撈(lao)起(qi)看其是否伸直,若伸直了就用(yong)(yong)(yong)漏勺撈(lao)起(qi),再往(wang)漏勺中(zhong)(zhong)沖入(ru)(ru)一碗(wan)(wan)(wan)冷水(shui),然后(hou)迅(xun)速將(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)放入(ru)(ru)湯鍋(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)燙熱,讓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)“收筋”后(hou)裝入(ru)(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。豆芽墊底的碗(wan)(wan)(wan)中(zhong)(zhong),再往(wang)碗(wan)(wan)(wan)中(zhong)(zhong)灌入(ru)(ru)雞(ji)湯,放入(ru)(ru)肥腸片、血旺(wang)片和(he)脆臊,最(zui)后(hou)淋上(shang)(shang)紅(hong)油,撒(sa)入(ru)(ru)蔥花即成(cheng)。
豬血
1. 豬(zhu)血血中(zhong)含鐵量較高(gao),而且以血紅素鐵的(de)(de)形式(shi)存在(zai),容易被人(ren)體吸收利用,處于生長發育階段的(de)(de)兒(er)童(tong)和孕婦(fu)或哺乳期婦(fu)女多(duo)吃些有(you)動(dong)物血的(de)(de)菜(cai)肴,可以防(fang)治缺(que)鐵性貧(pin)血,并(bing)能(neng)有(you)效地(di)預防(fang)中(zhong)老年(nian)人(ren)患冠心(xin)病、動(dong)脈硬(ying)化等癥;
2. 豬(zhu)血(xue)中含有的(de)鈷(gu)是防止人(ren)體內(nei)惡(e)性腫瘤生長的(de)重(zhong)要微(wei)量元(yuan)素,這在其他食品中是難以獲(huo)得的(de);
3. 豬血含有維生(sheng)素K,能促(cu)使血液凝固,因此(ci)有止(zhi)血作用;
4. 豬血(xue)還能為人(ren)體提供(gong)多種微量元素,對營養不良、腎臟疾(ji)(ji)患(huan)、心血(xue)管疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)的(de)病(bing)后的(de)調養都有益處,可(ke)用于治療頭暈目(mu)眩(xuan)、吐血(xue)衄血(xue)、崩漏血(xue)暈、損傷出血(xue)以(yi)及驚厥(jue)癲癇等癥;
5. 除此之(zhi)外(wai),豬(zhu)血(xue)還能較好地清除人體(ti)(ti)(ti)內的(de)粉塵和有(you)害(hai)金屬微(wei)(wei)粒對人體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)損害(hai);現代醫學(xue)研究發現,豬(zhu)血(xue)中的(de)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)經胃(wei)酸分(fen)解后(hou),可(ke)產生一種消(xiao)毒(du)及潤腸(chang)的(de)物質(zhi)(zhi),這(zhe)種物質(zhi)(zhi)能與(yu)進入人體(ti)(ti)(ti)內的(de)粉塵和有(you)害(hai)金屬微(wei)(wei)粒起生化反應,然后(hou)通(tong)過排泄(xie)將這(zhe)些有(you)害(hai)物帶出體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai),堪稱人體(ti)(ti)(ti)污物的(de)“清道(dao)夫”。
腸(chang)(chang)旺(wang)面(mian)的(de)(de)主要原料(liao)是豬大腸(chang)(chang)、新鮮(xian)的(de)(de)豬血旺(wang)和搟制(zhi)的(de)(de)鴨蛋(dan)面(mian)條。配(pei)料(liao)和調(diao)料(liao)有20多種(zhong)。主料(liao)和配(pei)料(liao)的(de)(de)制(zhi)作都非常講究。豬大腸(chang)(chang)越肥越好,里外洗凈,用(yong)鹽、醋反復(fu)揉搓,將腸(chang)(chang)壁(bi)的(de)(de)粘(zhan)狀物揉凈,再(zai)用(yong)清水反復(fu)浸漂,除去腥味。然(ran)后放在(zai)木(mu)盆或(huo)瓷(ci)瓦(wa)盆中(忌放金屬器皿內),把腸(chang)(chang)子花椒(jiao)、山奈(nai)、八(ba)角放入鍋內煮熟,撈出切(qie)成片。然(ran)后又用(yong)姜、蔥、山奈(nai)、八(ba)角放入砂鍋小火慢燉。血旺(wang)要嫩(nen),也(ye)切(qie)成片吃時在(zai)湯(tang)(tang)鍋里放一下。配(pei)料(liao)如脆(cui)哨即用(yong)豬糟頭(tou)肉(rou)或(huo)五花肉(rou),用(yong)以雞蛋(dan)面(mian)、豬腸(chang)(chang)、血旺(wang)、脆(cui)哨四大原料(liao)為本(ben),再(zai)調(diao)放雞湯(tang)(tang)、紅油(you)辣椒(jiao)等佐(zuo)料(liao),經12道(dao)工序(xu),才出成品一份。其湯(tang)(tang)色鮮(xian)紅、面(mian)條蛋(dan)黃、肥腸(chang)(chang)粉(fen)白,蔥花嫩(nen)綠,豆(dou)芽金黃,一碗捧出,使人頓感賞心悅目(mu),待舉箸下咽,更是滿(man)口生香(xiang)。面(mian)條脆(cui)細爽口、食不粘(zhan)牙;肉(rou)哨香(xiang)脆(cui)、腸(chang)(chang)旺(wang)鮮(xian)嫩(nen);辣而不猛、油(you)而不膩;湯(tang)(tang)鮮(xian)味美(mei)、回味悠(you)長。