腸旺(wang)面,是貴州極負盛名的一種傳統(tong)風味(wei)(wei)面食。在貴州眾多的小吃中(zhong),以(yi)色、香(xiang)、味(wei)(wei)“三絕”而(er)著稱。具(ju)有血嫩、面脆、辣(la)香(xiang)、湯鮮的風味(wei)(wei)口(kou)感,以(yi)及紅而(er)不(bu)辣(la)、油而(er)不(bu)膩、脆而(er)不(bu)生的特點。
“腸”即豬(zhu)大腸,“旺(wang)”則是豬(zhu)血,輔以面條,三者相加(jia)便相得益彰。 “腸旺(wang)”是“常旺(wang)”的(de)諧音,寓(yu)意吉祥。貴陽市(shi)區內各小吃街均有(you)賣。
腸(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)(wang)(wang)面(mian)之所以能獨具一(yi)格,不僅因(yin)為它有滋味悠(you)長的(de)(de)肥(fei)腸(chang)(chang)(chang)和血(xue)旺(wang)(wang)(wang),還因(yin)為它有和肥(fei)腸(chang)(chang)(chang)、血(xue)旺(wang)(wang)(wang)一(yi)樣(yang)重要的(de)(de)脆(cui)臊(sao)(sao)。說穿了,它用(yong)肥(fei)腸(chang)(chang)(chang)和血(xue)旺(wang)(wang)(wang)分(fen)別制成(cheng)腸(chang)(chang)(chang)臊(sao)(sao)和旺(wang)(wang)(wang)臊(sao)(sao),再用(yong)豬五(wu)花(hua)肉制成(cheng)脆(cui)臊(sao)(sao),然后用(yong)腸(chang)(chang)(chang)油、脆(cui)臊(sao)(sao)加辣椒油制成(cheng)紅油,由(you)此而形成(cheng)了腸(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)(wang)(wang)面(mian)“三臊(sao)(sao)”加紅油的(de)(de)基(ji)本特(te)色。
腸(chang)(chang)旺(wang)(wang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)特(te)色還在(zai)(zai)于它的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)工藝有(you)些特(te)別。腸(chang)(chang)旺(wang)(wang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)為手工雞蛋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)時用(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)等面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉500克(ke),加入(ru)(ru)4個雞蛋、少許食用(yong)(yong)(yong)堿及適(shi)量清水(shui)(shui)(shui),經(jing)(jing)反(fan)復揉搓制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)調面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)團。然(ran)(ran)后將(jiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)團放在(zai)(zai)特(te)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)案板上(shang),經(jing)(jing)反(fan)復折疊(die)擠壓(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)薄如綢緞(duan)的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮(pi),再(zai)(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)豆粉作(zuo)撲粉撒(sa)在(zai)(zai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮(pi)上(shang),將(jiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)皮(pi)折疊(die)起(qi)來切成(cheng)細絲狀(zhuang)。整(zheng)個操作(zuo)過(guo)程有(you)“三(san)翻四搭(da)九道切”之說。腸(chang)(chang)旺(wang)(wang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)煮(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)也(ye)十分講(jiang)究。正宗的(de)腸(chang)(chang)旺(wang)(wang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)一(yi)碗一(yi)煮(zhu)(zhu),從不一(yi)次煮(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)大鍋。每碗腸(chang)(chang)旺(wang)(wang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)約80克(ke),抖散(san)下入(ru)(ru)燒至微(wei)沸(fei)的(de)開水(shui)(shui)(shui)鍋中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),煮(zhu)(zhu)至鍋中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)翻滾時,用(yong)(yong)(yong)竹筷將(jiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)撈起(qi)看其是(shi)否伸直(zhi),若(ruo)伸直(zhi)了就用(yong)(yong)(yong)漏(lou)勺撈起(qi),再(zai)(zai)往漏(lou)勺中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沖入(ru)(ru)一(yi)碗冷水(shui)(shui)(shui),然(ran)(ran)后迅速(su)將(jiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)放入(ru)(ru)湯鍋中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燙熱(re),讓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)“收筋”后裝入(ru)(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。豆芽墊底的(de)碗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),再(zai)(zai)往碗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)灌(guan)入(ru)(ru)雞湯,放入(ru)(ru)肥腸(chang)(chang)片、血旺(wang)(wang)片和脆臊(sao),最后淋上(shang)紅油,撒(sa)入(ru)(ru)蔥花即(ji)成(cheng)。
豬血
1. 豬(zhu)血血中(zhong)含鐵(tie)量較(jiao)高,而且以(yi)血紅素鐵(tie)的(de)形式存在,容易被人體吸收(shou)利(li)用,處于生長(chang)發育階段(duan)的(de)兒童和孕婦或哺(bu)乳期婦女(nv)多吃(chi)些有(you)動物血的(de)菜肴,可以(yi)防治缺鐵(tie)性貧(pin)血,并(bing)能有(you)效地預防中(zhong)老年人患冠心(xin)病(bing)、動脈硬化等癥;
2. 豬血中(zhong)含有的(de)(de)鈷是防止人體內惡性腫瘤生長的(de)(de)重(zhong)要微量(liang)元素,這在其他食品中(zhong)是難以獲得的(de)(de);
3. 豬血含有(you)維生(sheng)素K,能促使血液凝固(gu),因此有(you)止(zhi)血作(zuo)用(yong);
4. 豬(zhu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)還能為人體提供多種微量元素,對營養(yang)不(bu)良、腎(shen)臟(zang)疾患、心血(xue)(xue)(xue)管疾病的病后(hou)的調養(yang)都有益處,可用于治療頭暈(yun)目(mu)眩、吐血(xue)(xue)(xue)衄血(xue)(xue)(xue)、崩漏(lou)血(xue)(xue)(xue)暈(yun)、損傷出血(xue)(xue)(xue)以及驚厥(jue)癲(dian)癇等癥;
5. 除此之(zhi)外,豬(zhu)血還能較好地清除人(ren)體(ti)(ti)內的(de)(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)和有害(hai)金屬微(wei)粒對人(ren)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)損害(hai);現(xian)代醫學研究發(fa)現(xian),豬(zhu)血中的(de)(de)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)經胃酸分(fen)解(jie)后,可(ke)產生一種消(xiao)毒及潤(run)腸的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi),這種物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)能與(yu)進入人(ren)體(ti)(ti)內的(de)(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)和有害(hai)金屬微(wei)粒起生化(hua)反應(ying),然后通過排泄將這些有害(hai)物(wu)(wu)帶出體(ti)(ti)外,堪稱(cheng)人(ren)體(ti)(ti)污物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)“清道夫”。
腸(chang)旺面(mian)(mian)的(de)主(zhu)要原料是豬大(da)腸(chang)、新鮮的(de)豬血(xue)(xue)旺和(he)搟制的(de)鴨蛋面(mian)(mian)條。配(pei)料和(he)調料有(you)20多種。主(zhu)料和(he)配(pei)料的(de)制作(zuo)都非常講(jiang)究。豬大(da)腸(chang)越肥(fei)越好,里外(wai)洗(xi)凈,用(yong)鹽、醋反復揉(rou)(rou)搓,將(jiang)腸(chang)壁的(de)粘(zhan)狀物揉(rou)(rou)凈,再用(yong)清水(shui)反復浸漂,除去(qu)腥味(wei)。然(ran)后放(fang)在木盆或瓷瓦盆中(忌放(fang)金(jin)屬器皿內),把腸(chang)子花椒、山奈、八(ba)角放(fang)入(ru)鍋內煮熟,撈出切成片。然(ran)后又用(yong)姜、蔥、山奈、八(ba)角放(fang)入(ru)砂鍋小火慢燉。血(xue)(xue)旺要嫩,也切成片吃時在湯(tang)鍋里放(fang)一下。配(pei)料如脆哨即用(yong)豬糟(zao)頭肉或五(wu)花肉,用(yong)以雞蛋面(mian)(mian)、豬腸(chang)、血(xue)(xue)旺、脆哨四大(da)原料為本(ben),再調放(fang)雞湯(tang)、紅油辣椒等(deng)佐料,經12道工序,才(cai)出成品一份。其(qi)湯(tang)色(se)鮮紅、面(mian)(mian)條蛋黃、肥(fei)腸(chang)粉白,蔥花嫩綠,豆芽金(jin)黃,一碗捧(peng)出,使人(ren)頓感(gan)賞心悅目,待舉箸下咽,更是滿(man)口生香。面(mian)(mian)條脆細爽口、食不(bu)粘(zhan)牙;肉哨香脆、腸(chang)旺鮮嫩;辣而不(bu)猛、油而不(bu)膩;湯(tang)鮮味(wei)美、回味(wei)悠長。