洪皓(hao),饒州(zhou)鄱陽(yang)人(ren)(今江西省鄱陽(yang)縣)人(ren)。宋徽宗(zong)政和(he)五年(1115)進(jin)士(shi)。高宗(zong)建炎三年(1129),以徽猷(you)閣(ge)待制假(代理)禮部(bu)尚書使金被留,紹(shao)興十(shi)(shi)三年(1143)始歸。遷徽猷(you)閣(ge)直學士(shi)從三品,提舉(ju)萬壽(shou)觀,兼權直學士(shi)院。尋因忤秦檜(gui),出(chu)知饒州(zhou)。十(shi)(shi)七年(1147),責授濠州(zhou)團練(lian)副(fu)使,英州(zhou)安置。二十(shi)(shi)五年(1145),主(zhu)管臺州(zhou)崇道觀,卒謚忠宣。
曾任寧(ning)海主簿(bu)、秀州(zhou)(zhou)司(si)錄。南宋(song)建(jian)炎三年(nian)(1129年(nian))五月,宋(song)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)準備將都城由杭州(zhou)(zhou)遷往建(jian)康(今南京),以避金(jin)兵鋒芒。洪(hong)(hong)皓不(bu)顧職位卑微,上書(shu)諫阻。他的意見雖未被(bei)采納,但卻因(yin)此為(wei)(wei)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)賞識。高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)特意召見他,擢升其為(wei)(wei)徽猷(you)閣待制,假禮部尚書(shu),出使金(jin)國。金(jin)國留不(bu)遣返。在金(jin)15年(nian),直(zhi)(zhi)至紹興(xing)十三年(nian)(1143年(nian))歸。在金(jin)期(qi)間,威武不(bu)屈,時人稱之為(wei)(wei)“宋(song)之蘇武”。后(hou)除徽猷(you)閣直(zhi)(zhi)學士、提舉萬壽觀兼權(quan)直(zhi)(zhi)學士院,封魏(wei)國公(gong)(gong)從(cong)一品。謚號“忠宣”食邑一千二百戶,賜(si)紫(zi)金(jin)魚袋(dai),宋(song)高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)于(yu)杭州(zhou)(zhou)西湖(hu)邊葛嶺賜(si)建(jian)國公(gong)(gong)府(fu)。以論(lun)事忤秦檜,謫(zhe)知饒州(zhou)(zhou),移(yi)英州(zhou)(zhou)居住九年(nian)。明(ming)王守仁(ren)《謚襄惠兩(liang)峰洪(hong)(hong)公(gong)(gong)墓志銘(ming)》稱:“維洪(hong)(hong)氏世顯于(yu)鄱陽。自宋(song)太師(shi)正(zheng)一品忠宣公(gong)(gong)皓始賜(si)第于(yu)錢塘西湖(hu)之葛嶺,三子景伯、景嚴、景廬皆以名德(de)相承(cheng),遂為(wei)(wei)錢塘望族。”清梁章鉅《楹聯叢(cong)話》云:“西湖(hu)葛嶺下有洪(hong)(hong)忠宣公(gong)(gong)皓祠。
洪(hong)皓(hao)的(de)(de)一(yi)生,是(shi)在(zai)(zai)宋朝(chao)統治(zhi)的(de)(de)艱難時期度過的(de)(de)。他(ta)出(chu)生于(yu)元祐(you)三(san)年(1088年),父親彥先是(shi)個位僅通直郎的(de)(de)六(liu)(liu)品官(guan)員相當(dang)于(yu)(副(fu)廳級(ji)),政治(zhi)上并無有(you)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)奧(ao)援(yuan),依(yi)靠自己(ji)的(de)(de)努(nu)力(li)(li),在(zai)(zai)政和(he)(he)五年(1115年),即二十七(qi)歲(sui)時,考(kao)中(zhong)(zhong)了進士。由于(yu)他(ta)“少(shao)(shao)有(you)奇節,慷慨有(you)經略四方”之(zhi)志,在(zai)(zai)新科進士中(zhong)(zhong)頗負盛名(ming),不(bu)少(shao)(shao)達官(guan)貴(gui)人都欲爭致門下。徽宗親信“六(liu)(liu)賊”中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)王黼和(he)(he)朱勔更(geng)是(shi)想把女兒(er)嫁給(gei)他(ta)。他(ta)極力(li)(li)推辭(ci),才未上賊船。當(dang)然,從(cong)此(ci)也就官(guan)運不(bu)通。在(zai)(zai)此(ci)后(hou)的(de)(de)十多年中(zhong)(zhong),只擔任(ren)海寧縣主簿、秀州司(si)錄。
洪皓出(chu)仕后,每到(dao)一(yi)地都要想辦法興利(li)除弊,解除民眾疾苦,即使(shi)擔(dan)很大風險,也在所不(bu)顧。宋(song)徽宗政和五年(nian)(1115年(nian)),洪皓考中(zhong)進士,出(chu)任(ren)海(hai)(hai)寧(ning)縣(xian)(今浙江海(hai)(hai)寧(ning)縣(xian))主簿(bu)、攝縣(xian)令事。當時海(hai)(hai)寧(ning)縣(xian)稅捐不(bu)均(jun)的情(qing)況相當嚴(yan)重,農民負擔(dan)沉重,苦不(bu)堪言。洪皓體恤民情(qing),毅(yi)然改(gai)變原來的做法,規定按財力(li)每一(yi)百貫納(na)絹一(yi)匹。這一(yi)舉措的實(shi)行,使(shi)富戶納(na)絹增加,貧困戶納(na)絹相對減少(shao)。同(tong)時,他還蠲免了(le)全縣(xian)4800戶貧弱人家,深得百姓的擁護。
宣(xuan)和(he)六年(1124年),洪皓(hao)(hao)到秀(xiu)州(zhou)(今浙江嘉興市)做司錄時(shi)(shi)(shi),這(zhe)(zhe)年秋季(ji),秀(xiu)州(zhou)發大(da)水(shui),十(shi)(shi)分之九的田(tian)地(di)被淹,百姓(xing)處(chu)于(yu)極度(du)饑荒(huang)(huang)之中,他(ta)便騰出自(zi)己的居(ju)地(di),容幾(ji)千災民避難。還主動(dong)向郡(jun)守要求承擔救荒(huang)(huang)任(ren)務(wu),把倉府(fu)粟米(mi)減價售給(gei)災民。倉米(mi)發售一(yi)空后,浙東貢(gong)米(mi)此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)好經過秀(xiu)州(zhou),在當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)秀(xiu)州(zhou)是(shi)進貢(gong)皇(huang)家糧(liang)食的轉運站,所以洪皓(hao)(hao)再次向郡(jun)守提(ti)議不(bu)轉運,就地(di)賑濟災民。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)知州(zhou)不(bu)敢擔當(dang),說:“不(bu)可(ke)以。”因為截留皇(huang)糧(liang)按(an)宋(song)律當(dang)斬。洪皓(hao)(hao)又說:“我愿(yuan)意用自(zi)己的生(sheng)命(ming)來換(huan)十(shi)(shi)萬人(ren)生(sheng)命(ming),希望知州(zhou)將糧(liang)發放給(gei)岌岌可(ke)危(wei)的百姓(xing)。”后來知州(zhou)也深受感動(dong),就同意洪皓(hao)(hao)的建議,這(zhe)(zhe)樣就解(jie)救了十(shi)(shi)萬人(ren)的性命(ming)。人(ren)們感之入骨,大(da)家把他(ta)比(bi)喻跟(gen)佛一(yi)樣救苦救難,悲天憫(min)人(ren),稱他(ta)為“洪佛子”。廉訪(fang)使王孝竭(jie)奉旨勘察災情。秀(xiu)州(zhou)屬重(zhong)災區,但見當(dang)地(di)百姓(xing)各安生(sheng)計,秩序(xu)井然,不(bu)像其(qi)他(ta)災區那樣田(tian)園荒(huang)(huang)蕪(wu),百姓(xing)離鄉背井,四出逃荒(huang)(huang),農耕一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)無法(fa)恢復。王孝竭(jie)得知洪皓(hao)(hao)所為,肅(su)然欽佩,不(bu)但沒有追究其(qi)截留綱米(mi)之罪責,反而舉薦他(ta)升任(ren)徽猷閣侍制。在發水(shui)災后不(bu)久,又遇到了秀(xiu)州(zhou)的軍(jun)隊叛(pan)變(bian),搶掠民眾(zhong),無一(yi)人(ren)得免(mian),只有經過洪皓(hao)(hao)家門時(shi)(shi)(shi)說“:這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)洪佛子的家.”不(bu)敢侵犯.
建(jian)(jian)炎(yan)二年,洪皓(hao)(hao)父(fu)親去(qu)世,他(ta)(ta)回(hui)饒州(zhou)(zhou)料(liao)理喪(sang)事(shi)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi),母親董氏及(ji)其孫都(dou)留(liu)在秀州(zhou)(zhou),洪皓(hao)(hao)從饒州(zhou)(zhou)返回(hui)秀州(zhou)(zhou)途中,路過(guo)杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou),這(zhe)正(zheng)是高(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)遷(qian)至(zhi)杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)以后不(bu)久。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)生(sheng)“明(ming)受之(zhi)亂”剛剛平息,杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)秩序正(zheng)在恢復的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候,洪皓(hao)(hao)從故鄉饒州(zhou)(zhou)返回(hui)任所(suo),途中路經杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)本打算(suan)暫(zan)時(shi)(shi)遷(qian)往建(jian)(jian)康(kang)(今南京市),但洪皓(hao)(hao)上(shang)疏(shu)諫(jian)阻(zu)皇帝(di)。洪皓(hao)(hao)堅(jian)決反對(dui)宋高(gao)(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)退(tui)縮南遷(qian),認為這(zhe)只會助長金(jin)(jin)兵南侵(qin)的(de)(de)氣焰。建(jian)(jian)炎(yan)三年(1129年)五月,趙構(gou)準備由揚(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)再(zai)遷(qian)建(jian)(jian)康(kang),在朝(chao)廷(ting)已(yi)定的(de)(de)情況下(xia),洪皓(hao)(hao)冒忤逆之(zhi)罪,上(shang)書諫(jian)阻(zu)。他(ta)(ta)說,金(jin)(jin)兵正(zheng)擬大舉(ju)南下(xia),"若(ruo)輕至(zhi)建(jian)(jian)康(kang),恐金(jin)(jin)人(ren)乘虛侵(qin)軼",建(jian)(jian)議"選遣近(jin)臣前往經營,俟告辦,回(hui)鑾未(wei)晚"。趙構(gou)見(jian)洪皓(hao)(hao)洞察形勢,直言敢(gan)諫(jian),頗有(you)見(jian)地,因此召(zhao)見(jian)了他(ta)(ta)。洪皓(hao)(hao)接到召(zhao)見(jian)的(de)(de)命(ming)令(ling),不(bu)敢(gan)怠(dai)慢,匆忙來到建(jian)(jian)康(kang)。宰相呂頤浩先與他(ta)(ta)交談,見(jian)他(ta)(ta)對(dui)答(da)如(ru)流,很(hen)有(you)學問(wen),非常(chang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)興。見(jian)他(ta)(ta)身上(shang)還穿著黑(hei)色的(de)(de)喪(sang)服(fu),去(qu)見(jian)皇帝(di)不(bu)太吉(ji)利,便把自己的(de)(de)衣(yi)巾解(jie)給他(ta)(ta)穿。趙構(gou)稱贊洪皓(hao)(hao)說:"卿(qing)議論(lun)縱(zong)橫,熟于(yu)史傳(chuan),有(you)專對(dui)之(zhi)才。朕方擇使(shi)(shi),無以易卿(qing)。”于(yu)是,命(ming)洪皓(hao)(hao)為大金(jin)(jin)通問(wen)使(shi)(shi),假(代理)禮部尚書銜,出(chu)使(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)國(guo),商議和(he)(he)好,停(ting)止戰爭(zheng)。龔王(wang)壽為通問(wen)副(fu)使(shi)(shi),另有(you)隨員11人(ren)。洪皓(hao)(hao)被派(pai)出(chu)使(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)國(guo)議和(he)(he),但金(jin)(jin)沒(mei)有(you)議和(he)(he)之(zhi)意,所(suo)以當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)節(jie)非常(chang)危險。“凡宋使(shi)(shi)者如(ru)(王(wang))倫及(ji)宇文(wen)虛中、魏行可、顧縱(zong)、張邵等,皆留(liu)之(zhi)不(bu)遣。”(《金(jin)(jin)史·王(wang)倫傳(chuan)》)
五月(yue)八日,洪(hong)皓從建(jian)康出(chu)發(fa)使金。途經淮南,當時這(zhe)個地區社會秩序(xu)很亂(luan),軍賊李(li)成(cheng)據(ju)泗州(zhou),靳(jin)賽據(ju)揚州(zhou),薛慶據(ju)高郵,叛服(fu)不(bu)(bu)常。洪(hong)皓根據(ju)高宗(zong)命令對這(zhe)些人多加(jia)撫慰。他(ta)先寫信(xin)勸李(li)成(cheng),不(bu)(bu)要攻打宋(song)的(de)(de)楚州(zhou)。又讓李(li)派(pai)兵(bing)護送自己去金。李(li)以軍食匱(kui)乏拒絕(jue),并大(da)發(fa)牢(lao)騷,說朝廷待(dai)他(ta)太薄,不(bu)(bu)加(jia)撫諭。洪(hong)皓還打聽到(dao)李(li)成(cheng)想(xiang)要扣留自己,便(bian)及時返回,向高宗(zong)報(bao)告(gao)李(li)成(cheng)欲連(lian)絡靳(jin)薛,引兵(bing)建(jian)康的(de)(de)新動向,建(jian)議派(pai)人優加(jia)撫諭,避免兵(bing)端。高宗(zong)采納建(jian)議,派(pai)使者(zhe)送去五萬斛大(da)米,使建(jian)康的(de)(de)形(xing)勢轉危(wei)為安。洪(hong)皓這(zhe)種達(da)權(quan)知(zhi)變處(chu)理問題的(de)(de)舉措,應(ying)屬有(you)功。但呂頤(yi)浩卻惱怒他(ta)不(bu)(bu)先稟告(gao)自己,直接報(bao)告(gao)了皇帝,是目中無宰(zai)相.便(bian)借口他(ta)“稽留生事”,把他(ta)的(de)(de)官(guan)職(zhi)降了兩級。
洪皓(hao)沒有灰心(xin),又請轉道滁(chu)陽(今安徽(hui)(hui)(hui)滁(chu)州)、壽春(今安徽(hui)(hui)(hui)壽縣)前往北方(fang)。于八月中旬渡淮,來到潁上,發現(xian)這里的道路仍然不很安靜,主要是以李閻羅、小(xiao)張俊為(wei)首的軍賊作梗。洪皓(hao)進(jin)入順昌 (今安徽(hui)(hui)(hui)阜陽)后(hou),派人給他們(men)送(song)信說:“自古無(wu)白(bai)頭賊。”希望他們(men)趁年青時為(wei)國(guo)家建功(gong)立業,才(cai)能老有所終。做(zuo)(zuo)賊,決非(fei)長久之(zhi)計。二(er)人聽了很受感動,立即表(biao)示服從命(ming)令(ling),接受改編.領兵入衛。這件事,看來做(zuo)(zuo)得還不錯。
洪(hong)(hong)皓帶著高(gao)宗(zong)求和的(de)(de)國(guo)書,大約在(zai)建炎三年(nian)的(de)(de)初冬(dong)到(dao)達太原(yuan)。這(zhe)時,金(jin)兵正大舉南侵,不(bu)(bu)久就渡(du)淮渡(du)江(jiang),直(zhi)(zhi)犯江(jiang)浙,氣焰十分囂(xiao)張,那肯接受(shou)(shou)和談。于是(shi)(shi),洪(hong)(hong)皓等人(ren)便(bian)被(bei)羈留在(zai)太原(yuan)的(de)(de)使(shi)館中,僅有(you)一(yi)名主(zhu)簿接待,禮遇日(ri)薄,幾近(jin)一(yi)年(nian)。直(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)次年(nian)冬(dong)季,金(jin)兀(wu)術南侵兵敗(bai),退回北方;改變策略扶持劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu)建立偽齊(qi);又(you)派(pai)秦檜南歸之后,被(bei)金(jin)人(ren)扣留近(jin)一(yi)年(nian),第二(er)年(nian)轉至云(yun)中(今山西大同), 云(yun)中是(shi)(shi)金(jin)朝的(de)(de)西京,左副元帥宗(zong)翰接見洪(hong)(hong)皓,完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)(yan)宗(zong)翰不(bu)(bu)許洪(hong)(hong)皓請歸二(er)帝之要求,逼迫他到(dao)金(jin)廷(ting)操縱的(de)(de)偽齊(qi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu)政(zheng)權去(qu)當官。洪(hong)(hong)皓嚴詞拒絕:“奉(feng)了皇上的(de)(de)使(shi)命,走了萬里的(de)(de)遠路,不(bu)(bu)能奉(feng)侍徽欽兩(liang)帝南歸。我恨不(bu)(bu)得把叛逆(ni)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu)給殺(sha)了,哪里能忍受(shou)(shou)這(zhe)種(zhong)屈辱來奉(feng)侍劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu),留在(zai)這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)。不(bu)(bu)奉(feng)侍劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)死(si)(si),不(bu)(bu)愿像鼠(shu)狗一(yi)樣偷生,寧(ning)愿下(xia)(xia)(xia)油(you)鍋都在(zai)所不(bu)(bu)惜。”(《宋史(shi)·洪(hong)(hong)皓列傳》)完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)(yan)宗(zong)翰大怒,下(xia)(xia)(xia)令推出斬(zhan)首。兩(liang)名壯士“執劍(jian)夾承”,擁之以下(xia)(xia)(xia)。洪(hong)(hong)皓面不(bu)(bu)改色,從容而(er)行。一(yi)位貴族(zu)見狀,深受(shou)(shou)感動,不(bu)(bu)覺失聲說(shuo)道(dao):“真忠(zhong)臣也(ye)。”遂用(yong)目光制止劍(jian)士暫緩(huan)行刑,并親自(zi)跪下(xia)(xia)(xia)請求完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)(yan)宗(zong)翰免(mian)除洪(hong)(hong)皓一(yi)死(si)(si)。完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)(yan)宗(zong)翰雖然免(mian)洪(hong)(hong)皓死(si)(si),但把他流放到(dao)遙(yao)遠的(de)(de)冷山。 副使(shi)龔(gong)王壽害(hai)怕被(bei)殺(sha),投降偽齊(qi)。
冷(leng)山(shan),在(zai)黃(huang)龍府(今吉林農安)北,距離金(jin)(jin)(jin)主的(de)(de)(de)上京(今黑龍江阿(a)城(cheng)),只有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百來(lai)里。由于(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)勢極(ji)北,氣(qi)候苦寒(han),四月春草方生(sheng),八月即已下雪,人戶稀(xi)少,僅有(you)(you)百家,穴地(di)(di)而(er)居,洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)行在(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)押送下行走了(le)60天才到(dao)達冷(leng)山(shan)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)路上,洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)始終(zhong)抱著(zhu)大(da)(da)宋(song)通問使(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)印符(fu),打著(zhu)使(shi)(shi)臣的(de)(de)(de)節旄艱(jian)難地(di)(di)行進,到(dao)達冷(leng)山(shan)后,那(nei)里是女真貴族(zu)家族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)駐地(di)(di)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)國陳王完顏(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)常(chang)傲慢(man),漠視宋(song)國使(shi)(shi)團(tuan)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)要洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)獻進攻四川的(de)(de)(de)計策(ce),洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)列(lie)舉很(hen)(hen)多(duo)事(shi)實告訴他(ta)(ta)(ta)宋(song)軍(jun)防(fang)守堅固(gu),金(jin)(jin)(jin)軍(jun)是不(bu)(bu)可(ke)能取(qu)得四川的(de)(de)(de);并警告他(ta)(ta)(ta)“挑起戰爭好(hao)(hao)比玩(wan)火(huo),不(bu)(bu)要玩(wan)火(huo)自焚”。完顏(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)聽(ting)后大(da)(da)怒道:“你(ni)這(zhe)個(ge)議(yi)和(he)官,還如(ru)此嘴硬,你(ni)以為(wei)我(wo)不(bu)(bu)能殺你(ni)嗎(ma)?”洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)仰天長笑(xiao)道:“我(wo)非常(chang)清(qing)楚你(ni)要殺我(wo)。不(bu)(bu)過,為(wei)了(le)使(shi)(shi)你(ni)不(bu)(bu)背‘殺來(lai)使(shi)(shi)’的(de)(de)(de)千古罪名,我(wo)建議(yi)你(ni)將我(wo)投入(ru)水中,假說(shuo)我(wo)失足(zu)墜(zhui)淵,以欺(qi)瞞世(shi)人耳目。”悟室雖然早有(you)(you)吞并中原的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)心,但性情卻很(hen)(hen)剛直,聽(ting)了(le)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)這(zhe)番(fan)話反而(er)認(ren)為(wei)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)是條好(hao)(hao)漢(han),忠義可(ke)欽。同時又因為(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)久聞洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)文(wen)(wen)才出眾,就以禮(li)相待,請他(ta)(ta)(ta)教(jiao)自己的(de)(de)(de)八個(ge)兒子讀書(shu)(shu)學漢(han)文(wen)(wen)。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)教(jiao)書(shu)(shu),經(jing)常(chang)出入(ru)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)家中,希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)敬重其(qi)人格(ge),欽佩其(qi)才識,不(bu)(bu)僅叫兒孫們向他(ta)(ta)(ta)學習,自己也(ye)時常(chang)同他(ta)(ta)(ta)討論軍(jun)政國事(shi),很(hen)(hen)重視他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些建議(yi),希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)協助熙(xi)宗制(zhi)(zhi)定禮(li)儀、制(zhi)(zhi)度,多(duo)與洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)謀(mou)議(yi)。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)"學有(you)(you)本(ben)源",又在(zai)官場上生(sheng)活多(duo)年,十分熟(shu)悉漢(han)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)典章(zhang)制(zhi)(zhi)度,對(dui)(dui)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)改革影響很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)熙(xi)宗的(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度改革,不(bu)(bu)僅極(ji)大(da)(da)地(di)(di)加強了(le)中央集權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)皇權(quan)統治(zhi),而(er)且(qie)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)輸入(ru)較高的(de)(de)(de)漢(han)族(zu)文(wen)(wen)化,提高女真族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化水平(ping),也(ye)發揮了(le)積極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。
洪(hong)皓在冷山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)是(shi)十分凄苦的(de)(de)(de)(de),穿著粗布衣裳,常用野菜充饑,還要自己動(dong)手上(shang)山(shan)(shan)砍柴。隆冬時節,大雪封山(shan)(shan),無法上(shang)山(shan)(shan)砍柴,只好四處奔波(bo),拾取(qu)牛糞和馬(ma)糞來取(qu)暖做飯。洪(hong)皓與當(dang)(dang)地廣大女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)族人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)一樣,過(guo)著含(han)辛茹(ru)苦的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo),這(zhe)就大大地縮短(duan)了(le)同(tong)當(dang)(dang)地勞(lao)動(dong)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離(li),給了(le)他(ta)(ta)更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸普通人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機會(hui),增(zeng)進了(le)他(ta)(ta)同(tong)女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)勞(lao)動(dong)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)思想感情。洪(hong)皓憎(zeng)恨發(fa)動(dong)掠奪戰爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)貴族,熱愛(ai)勤勞(lao)勇敢的(de)(de)(de)(de)女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)族勞(lao)動(dong)群眾(zhong),經常同(tong)他(ta)(ta)們(men)應(ying)酬往來,促膝談心,同(tong)時還竭盡全力在女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)族人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)中間傳播漢族文化(hua)。在教授(shou)完顏希尹子(zi)(zi)弟(di)讀書的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時,還主(zhu)動(dong)教授(shou)普通群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)(zi)弟(di)讀書。由于當(dang)(dang)地生(sheng)產水(shui)平比較低下,人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)生(sheng)活(huo)艱苦,這(zhe)些女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)族子(zi)(zi)弟(di)雖想學習,但(dan)無書可讀。洪(hong)皓吸取(qu)女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)利用樺(hua)(hua)樹皮的(de)(de)(de)(de)豐富(fu)經驗,同(tong)女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)上(shang)山(shan)(shan)一起剝來潔(jie)白柔軟的(de)(de)(de)(de)樺(hua)(hua)皮、曬干(gan)當(dang)(dang)紙(zhi)用。洪(hong)皓憑著記憶,在樺(hua)(hua)皮書葉(xie)上(shang)默寫下《論語》、《孟子(zi)(zi)》、《大學》、《中庸》的(de)(de)(de)(de)全文,作(zuo)為課本,教授(shou)村人(ren)(ren)子(zi)(zi)弟(di)讀書,這(zhe)有名的(de)(de)(de)(de)“樺(hua)(hua)葉(xie)四書”,成為千古相傳的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)族史佳(jia)話(hua)。
建炎四年(1130年)以(yi)后(hou)(hou),金(jin)(jin)強(qiang)(qiang)宋(song)(song)弱的(de)(de)形(xing)勢開(kai)始(shi)逐步(bu)向(xiang)宋(song)(song)強(qiang)(qiang)金(jin)(jin)弱方面(mian)轉化(hua)。到了(le)(le)紹(shao)興(xing)(xing)七年至八(ba)年間(jian)(1137—1138年),宋(song)(song)強(qiang)(qiang)金(jin)(jin)弱的(de)(de)形(xing)勢開(kai)始(shi)形(xing)成(cheng),金(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)遂(sui)有議(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)思想(xiang)。以(yi)宗(zong)盤(pan)、撻懶(lan)等人(ren)(ren)為(wei)首的(de)(de)一(yi)派(pai),主(zhu)張(zhang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)交還南宋(song)(song)河南、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)地的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下與(yu)宋(song)(song)講和(he)(he),并(bing)于(yu)(yu)紹(shao)興(xing)(xing)八(ba)年與(yu)南宋(song)(song)簽訂了(le)(le)和(he)(he)議(yi)(yi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)議(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)期間(jian),完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)曾就所議(yi)(yi)十(shi)事征求洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)意(yi)見。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)條(tiao)分縷析(xi),完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)以(yi)為(wei)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)說(shuo)得(de)實在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),并(bing)沒有誑他(ta),遂(sui)于(yu)(yu)紹(shao)興(xing)(xing)十(shi)年(1140年)帶領洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)趕赴燕京(jing)(jing)(今(jin)(jin)北京(jing)(jing)),意(yi)欲遣(qian)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)歸宋(song)(song)進行議(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)。但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)是否需要(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)歸宋(song)(song)河南、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)地的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下與(yu)宋(song)(song)議(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題上,金(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)內(nei)部(bu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著嚴(yan)重分歧。以(yi)完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)宗(zong)弼(bi)(兀術)為(wei)代表的(de)(de)一(yi)派(pai)堅決反對(dui)交還,后(hou)(hou)來聯(lian)合完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin),殺(sha)了(le)(le)宗(zong)盤(pan)、撻懶(lan)等人(ren)(ren),重新發動了(le)(le)攻宋(song)(song)戰爭。完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)宗(zong)弼(bi)殺(sha)了(le)(le)撻懶(lan)等人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),又殺(sha)了(le)(le)完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)因與(yu)完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)有過(guo)異(yi)論,才幸免于(yu)(yu)難。 不(bu)(bu)久,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)一(yi)行又被(bei)(bei)(bei)移至云中(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)云中(zhong)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)探(tan)知徽、欽二(er)帝(di)(di)被(bei)(bei)(bei)移囚(qiu)(qiu)于(yu)(yu)五國城(在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)黑龍江省東北角),便遣(qian)密(mi)使攜帶書信(xin)去見二(er)帝(di)(di),并(bing)將金(jin)(jin)國人(ren)(ren)送給他(ta)的(de)(de)桃、梨(li)、粟(su)、果、粉帶去慰問(wen)(wen)被(bei)(bei)(bei)囚(qiu)(qiu)二(er)帝(di)(di)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)久拘北方,雖然(ran)(ran)(ran)生活條(tiao)件(jian)十(shi)分艱(jian)苦,但(dan)他(ta)急公好義,仍然(ran)(ran)(ran)對(dui)身陷艱(jian)危苦難中(zhong)的(de)(de)同(tong)胞們盡力幫助。皇(huang)親(qin)趙伯璘夫婦被(bei)(bei)(bei)掠為(wei)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)奴隸,他(ta)多(duo)次給予周(zhou)濟。名臣范(fan)鎮的(de)(de)孫子為(wei)人(ren)(ren)傭(yong)奴,他(ta)用蘇軾稱贊(zan)范(fan)鎮的(de)(de)文章(zhang)為(wei)證,請(qing)予優待釋(shi)(shi)放。大(da)將劉光世的(de)(de)女(nv)兒為(wei)人(ren)(ren)養豬,他(ta)設法贖身嫁給衣(yi)冠(guan)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。被(bei)(bei)(bei)金(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)擄(lu)去的(de)(de)北宋(song)(song)官宦人(ren)(ren)家(jia)的(de)(de)子女(nv)淪(lun)為(wei)奴隸,被(bei)(bei)(bei)他(ta)力拔而(er)出的(de)(de)有數十(shi)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)多(duo)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)千方百計地與(yu)金(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)中(zhong)的(de)(de)友(you)好人(ren)(ren)士多(duo)方斡旋(xuan),雖然(ran)(ran)(ran)費盡周(zhou)折,但(dan)他(ta)都想(xiang)辦法為(wei)之(zhi)開(kai)釋(shi)(shi)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)同(tong)鄉同(tong)窗(chuang)隴州(zhou)功曹(cao)石昉(fang)于(yu)(yu)靖(jing)康事變時在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)隴州(zhou)戰斗中(zhong)被(bei)(bei)(bei)金(jin)(jin)兵俘獲,不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)投降被(bei)(bei)(bei)長期囚(qiu)(qiu)禁。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)到北方后(hou)(hou),也想(xiang)了(le)(le)很多(duo)辦法予以(yi)營救,然(ran)(ran)(ran)而(er)沒有成(cheng)功,后(hou)(hou)來,石昉(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)絳(jiang)州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)山西(xi)(xi)新絳(jiang)縣)殉(xun)國。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)這種急公好義的(de)(de)行為(wei)深(shen)得(de)漢族(zu)和(he)(he)女(nv)真(zhen)族(zu)人(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)贊(zan)譽、敬(jing)仰。
在燕(yan)(yan)京,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓見到(dao)了昔(xi)日好(hao)(hao)友宇(yu)文(wen)虛中(zhong),宇(yu)文(wen)虛中(zhong)被金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)扣留(liu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)當了金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)朝大(da)官(guan)(guan)。見到(dao)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),宇(yu)文(wen)虛中(zhong)勸(quan)他(ta)留(liu)在金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)朝當官(guan)(guan),并(bing)積極向金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)熙宗(zong)推(tui)薦。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)熙宗(zong)表示可以(yi)(yi)任為(wei)翰林直(zhi)(zhi)學士(shi),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓堅辭不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)就(jiu)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)甘心(xin),換官(guan)(guan)時(shi)仍讓洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓就(jiu)職(zhi)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓請求允許他(ta)到(dao)臨近宋的(de)真(zhen)定(今河(he)北正定)、大(da)名(今河(he)北大(da)名)等(deng)地(di)“自(zi)養”,以(yi)(yi)便(bian)尋(xun)機(ji)逃回(hui)宋朝。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)朝參政韓(han)昉看出了洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓的(de)意(yi)圖(tu),讓洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓任中(zhong)京(今內蒙古寧(ning)(ning)城(cheng)西大(da)明城(cheng))副留(liu)守,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓堅決不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)允。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)又(you)降其官(guan)(guan)為(wei)留(liu)司判官(guan)(guan),并(bing)催促他(ta)盡(jin)快起行,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓置之不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)理,誓死(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)就(jiu)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)見高官(guan)(guan)厚(hou)祿留(liu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)住(zhu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓,又(you)想(xiang)出了新(xin)的(de)辦法(fa)(fa)。根據(ju)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)法(fa)(fa)規定,雖(sui)未任金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)官(guan)(guan),但(dan)(dan)只(zhi)要被金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)任使,則“永(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可歸”。韓(han)昉為(wei)了留(liu)下洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓,遂(sui)令(ling)其“校云(yun)(yun)中(zhong)進(jin)士(shi)試”。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓深知其意(yi),裝病力辭。但(dan)(dan)韓(han)昉不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)允,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓只(zhi)得(de)前往云(yun)(yun)中(zhong)。到(dao)了云(yun)(yun)中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),他(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)履(lv)行職(zhi)責,對(dui)院(yuan)官(guan)(guan)說:“今取(qu)士(shi)以(yi)(yi)詩賦,吾故學經(jing)耳。”云(yun)(yun)中(zhong)院(yuan)官(guan)(guan)和(he)考(kao)官(guan)(guan)沒有(you)辦法(fa)(fa),只(zhi)好(hao)(hao)將(jiang)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓送(song)回(hui)燕(yan)(yan)京。在燕(yan)(yan)京期間,他(ta)一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)心(xin)宋朝的(de)發展和(he)強大(da)。當聽說完顏(yan)宗(zong)弼在順(shun)昌(今安徽阜陽)被劉锜(qi)打(da)敗而(er)宋朝卻(que)撤兵的(de)消(xiao)息(xi)(xi)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),寫了數萬言的(de)秘信,謂(wei):“順(shun)昌之役,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)震懼奪魄。燕(yan)(yan)山珍寶盡(jin)徙(xi)以(yi)(yi)北,意(yi)欲捐燕(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)南棄(qi)之。王(wang)師亟還,自(zi)失機(ji)會(hui)。今再舉尚可。次年(nian)(nian)夏,他(ta)又(you)設(she)法(fa)(fa)求得(de)囚禁中(zhong)皇(huang)太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)手書(shu),派(pai)人(ren)送(song)回(hui),高宗(zong)大(da)喜說:“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)安寧(ning)(ning)與否快二(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)了,過去派(pai)遣(qian)使者雖(sui)多,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如得(de)此一(yi)書(shu)。(《宋史·洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓列(lie)傳(chuan)》)此后(hou)(hou)(hou)又(you)多次送(song)秘信。”直(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)紹興十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian),宋金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)簽訂《和(he)約(yue)》,南北罷(ba)兵,開放互市榷(que)場(chang),甚至(zhi)皇(huang)太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)也準(zhun)許回(hui)朝,但(dan)(dan)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓等(deng)議(yi)和(he)的(de)使者仍被拘留(liu),遲遲沒有(you)放還的(de)消(xiao)息(xi)(xi)。又(you)過了一(yi)年(nian)(nian)多,紹興十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(1143年(nian)(nian)),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)熙宗(zong)喜得(de)貴(gui)子,大(da)赦天下,允許宋朝使者回(hui)歸,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓與張邵(shao)、朱弁等(deng)都在被赦之列(lie)。他(ta)們剛(gang)一(yi)起程,便(bian)有(you)人(ren)向金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)主(zhu)報告說:“這種(zhong)人(ren)若放了,幾時(shi)更有(you)?今不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)留(liu)為(wei)我用,后(hou)(hou)(hou)必成為(wei)我患。”金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)主(zhu)悔悟,馬上派(pai)人(ren)追趕,但(dan)(dan)回(hui)報說已(yi)經(jing)遠去,無法(fa)(fa)追回(hui),只(zhi)得(de)罷(ba)了。
著有(you)文(wen)(wen)集(ji)五(wu)十卷(juan)及《帝(di)王勇要(yao)》、《姓氏指南》、《松漠紀聞(wen)》、《金國文(wen)(wen)具錄(lu)》等(deng)書。有(you)文(wen)(wen)集(ji)五(wu)十卷(juan)等(deng),已佚。清(qing)四庫(ku)館臣據(ju)《永樂大典》輯為《鄱(po)陽集(ji)》四卷(juan),另有(you)《松漠紀聞(wen)》二卷(juan)行世。事(shi)見(jian)《盤洲文(wen)(wen)集(ji)》卷(juan)七四《先君述》,《宋史》卷(juan)三七三有(you)傳(chuan)。洪皓詩(shi),以(yi)影(ying)印文(wen)(wen)淵閣(ge)《四庫(ku)全(quan)書·鄱(po)陽集(ji)》為底本,酌校他書。新輯集(ji)外詩(shi)附于卷(juan)末。
脫脫:孔子云:"使于四(si)方,不(bu)辱君命(ming),可謂士矣。"當(dang)建炎、紹興之際,凡使金者,如探虎口,能全(quan)節(jie)而(er)歸,若朱弁、張邵、洪皓(hao)其庶幾乎,望之不(bu)足議(yi)也。皓(hao)留北十(shi)五(wu)年,忠節(jie)尤著,高宗謂蘇(su)武不(bu)能過,誠哉。然竟以忤(wu)秦檜謫死,悲夫(fu)!其子適、遵、邁相繼登詞科,文名滿天下,適位極臺輔,而(er)邁文學尤高,立(li)朝議(yi)論最(zui)多,所謂忠議(yi)之報(bao),詎不(bu)信夫(fu)。
謝肇淛(zhi):宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人物,若王沂公(gong)、李文(wen)(wen)正(zheng)、司(si)馬溫(wen)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相業,寇(kou)萊公(gong)、趙(zhao)忠(zhong)定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)變,韓魏(wei)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)量,李綱、宗(zong)澤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撥亂,狄(di)青、曹瑋、岳飛、韓世(shi)忠(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將略(lve),程(cheng)明道、朱晦庵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)真儒,歐(ou)陽(yang)永叔(shu)、蘇子瞻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)章,洪(hong)(hong)忠(zhong)宣(洪(hong)(hong)皓)、文(wen)(wen)信(xin)國(文(wen)(wen)天祥)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忠(zhong)義,皆灼(zhuo)無可議,而且有(you)用(yong)于時(shi)者,其它(ta)瑕瑜不(bu)掩,蓋(gai)難(nan)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。