洪皓,饒州(zhou)(zhou)鄱陽人(今(jin)江西省鄱陽縣(xian))人。宋徽(hui)宗(zong)政和(he)五年(nian)(1115)進(jin)士。高宗(zong)建炎三(san)年(nian)(1129),以(yi)徽(hui)猷(you)閣(ge)待制(zhi)假(代理)禮(li)部尚書(shu)使金被留(liu),紹興十三(san)年(nian)(1143)始歸(gui)。遷徽(hui)猷(you)閣(ge)直(zhi)學(xue)士從三(san)品,提舉萬壽(shou)觀,兼(jian)權直(zhi)學(xue)士院。尋(xun)因忤秦(qin)檜,出(chu)知饒州(zhou)(zhou)。十七年(nian)(1147),責授濠州(zhou)(zhou)團練副使,英(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)安置。二(er)十五年(nian)(1145),主管(guan)臺州(zhou)(zhou)崇道觀,卒謚(shi)忠(zhong)宣(xuan)。
曾任寧海主簿、秀州(zhou)司錄。南宋(song)(song)(song)(song)建(jian)炎三(san)(san)年(1129年)五月,宋(song)(song)(song)(song)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)準備將都(dou)城由杭州(zhou)遷往建(jian)康(今南京),以避金(jin)兵鋒(feng)芒。洪皓不顧職位(wei)卑(bei)微,上書(shu)(shu)諫(jian)阻。他(ta)(ta)的意見雖未被采納(na),但(dan)卻(que)因此為(wei)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)賞(shang)識(shi)。高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)特意召見他(ta)(ta),擢升其為(wei)徽猷閣待制,假禮部尚書(shu)(shu),出使(shi)金(jin)國(guo)。金(jin)國(guo)留不遣返(fan)。在金(jin)15年,直至紹(shao)興十三(san)(san)年(1143年)歸。在金(jin)期間,威武(wu)不屈,時(shi)人(ren)稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)“宋(song)(song)(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)蘇武(wu)”。后除徽猷閣直學士(shi)、提舉萬壽觀兼權直學士(shi)院,封魏國(guo)公(gong)從一(yi)品(pin)(pin)。謚號“忠宣(xuan)”食邑一(yi)千二百(bai)戶,賜(si)紫金(jin)魚袋,宋(song)(song)(song)(song)高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)于(yu)杭州(zhou)西(xi)湖邊葛嶺賜(si)建(jian)國(guo)公(gong)府。以論(lun)事忤秦檜(gui),謫知饒州(zhou),移英州(zhou)居住九年。明王守仁《謚襄惠兩峰洪公(gong)墓志銘》稱(cheng):“維洪氏(shi)世(shi)顯(xian)于(yu)鄱陽(yang)。自宋(song)(song)(song)(song)太師正一(yi)品(pin)(pin)忠宣(xuan)公(gong)皓始賜(si)第于(yu)錢塘(tang)西(xi)湖之(zhi)(zhi)葛嶺,三(san)(san)子景(jing)伯、景(jing)嚴、景(jing)廬皆以名德相承,遂為(wei)錢塘(tang)望族。”清梁(liang)章(zhang)鉅《楹聯叢(cong)話》云:“西(xi)湖葛嶺下有洪忠宣(xuan)公(gong)皓祠(ci)。
洪皓的一生,是在宋朝統治的艱難(nan)時期度過的。他(ta)出(chu)生于(yu)元(yuan)祐三年(1088年),父親彥先是個位僅通(tong)直(zhi)郎(lang)的六品官員相當于(yu)(副廳級(ji)),政(zheng)治上(shang)并無(wu)有(you)力(li)的奧援(yuan),依靠自己的努力(li),在政(zheng)和五年(1115年),即二(er)十七(qi)歲(sui)時,考中了進(jin)士。由于(yu)他(ta)“少有(you)奇節,慷慨有(you)經略四方”之志,在新科(ke)進(jin)士中頗負盛名(ming),不少達官貴人都欲爭致門(men)下。徽(hui)宗親信“六賊”中的王黼和朱勔(mian)更(geng)是想把女兒嫁給(gei)他(ta)。他(ta)極力(li)推辭,才未上(shang)賊船。當然,從此也就官運不通(tong)。在此后的十多年中,只擔任(ren)海寧縣主簿、秀州(zhou)司(si)錄。
洪(hong)皓出仕(shi)后,每到一(yi)地都(dou)要想辦(ban)法(fa)興利除弊,解除民眾疾苦(ku),即(ji)使擔很大風(feng)險,也在所不顧。宋徽宗政(zheng)和五年(1115年),洪(hong)皓考中進士,出任(ren)海(hai)(hai)寧(ning)縣(今浙江海(hai)(hai)寧(ning)縣)主簿、攝縣令事。當時(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)寧(ning)縣稅(shui)捐不均的情(qing)況相當嚴重(zhong),農(nong)民負擔沉重(zhong),苦(ku)不堪(kan)言。洪(hong)皓體(ti)恤民情(qing),毅然改變原(yuan)來的做法(fa),規定按財力每一(yi)百貫納(na)絹一(yi)匹。這一(yi)舉措的實行,使富(fu)戶納(na)絹增(zeng)加,貧困(kun)戶納(na)絹相對減少。同(tong)時(shi)(shi),他還蠲免了全縣4800戶貧弱人家,深得百姓的擁護。
宣和六年(1124年),洪(hong)皓到秀(xiu)(xiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(今浙江嘉興市)做司錄(lu)時(shi),這年秋(qiu)季,秀(xiu)(xiu)州(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)大(da)水,十分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)九的(de)田地(di)被淹(yan),百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)處于極度饑荒之(zhi)(zhi)中,他便騰出(chu)自己的(de)居地(di),容幾千災(zai)民(min)避難。還主動向郡(jun)守(shou)要求承擔救(jiu)荒任務,把倉府粟米減價(jia)售給(gei)災(zai)民(min)。倉米發(fa)(fa)售一空后,浙東貢(gong)米此時(shi)真(zhen)好(hao)經(jing)過(guo)秀(xiu)(xiu)州(zhou)(zhou),在當時(shi)秀(xiu)(xiu)州(zhou)(zhou)是進貢(gong)皇家糧(liang)食的(de)轉運站,所以(yi)洪(hong)皓再次向郡(jun)守(shou)提議(yi)不轉運,就地(di)賑濟(ji)災(zai)民(min)。當時(shi)知州(zhou)(zhou)不敢擔當,說(shuo):“不可以(yi)。”因為截留皇糧(liang)按宋律(lv)當斬。洪(hong)皓又說(shuo):“我愿意用自己的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)來(lai)換十萬人生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming),希望知州(zhou)(zhou)將糧(liang)發(fa)(fa)放(fang)給(gei)岌(ji)岌(ji)可危的(de)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)。”后來(lai)知州(zhou)(zhou)也深受感動,就同意洪(hong)皓的(de)建(jian)議(yi),這樣(yang)就解(jie)救(jiu)了十萬人的(de)性命(ming)(ming)。人們感之(zhi)(zhi)入骨,大(da)家把他比(bi)喻(yu)跟佛(fo)一樣(yang)救(jiu)苦救(jiu)難,悲(bei)天(tian)憫人,稱他為“洪(hong)佛(fo)子”。廉(lian)訪使王孝(xiao)竭奉旨(zhi)勘察災(zai)情。秀(xiu)(xiu)州(zhou)(zhou)屬(shu)重災(zai)區,但見(jian)當地(di)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)各(ge)安生(sheng)(sheng)計(ji),秩序井然,不像(xiang)其他災(zai)區那(nei)樣(yang)田園荒蕪(wu),百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)離鄉背井,四出(chu)逃(tao)荒,農耕一時(shi)無法恢(hui)復。王孝(xiao)竭得知洪(hong)皓所為,肅然欽佩,不但沒有追究其截留綱(gang)米之(zhi)(zhi)罪責,反而舉薦他升任徽猷(you)閣侍制。在發(fa)(fa)水災(zai)后不久,又遇到了秀(xiu)(xiu)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)軍隊叛變(bian),搶(qiang)掠(lve)民(min)眾(zhong),無一人得免,只有經(jing)過(guo)洪(hong)皓家門時(shi)說(shuo)“:這是洪(hong)佛(fo)子的(de)家.”不敢侵犯.
建(jian)(jian)炎(yan)(yan)二(er)年(nian)(nian),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)父親去世,他(ta)(ta)(ta)回饒州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)料理喪(sang)事。當時,母親董氏及其孫都(dou)留在秀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)從饒州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)返(fan)回秀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)途(tu)中(zhong),路過(guo)杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),這正是(shi)高(gao)(gao)宗遷(qian)至杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以后不久。當時杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發生“明(ming)受(shou)之(zhi)亂”剛剛平息,杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)秩序正在恢(hui)復的(de)時候,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)從故(gu)鄉饒州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)返(fan)回任所(suo)(suo),途(tu)中(zhong)路經杭(hang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。高(gao)(gao)宗本打算暫時遷(qian)往(wang)建(jian)(jian)康(kang)(今南(nan)京(jing)市),但洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)上(shang)疏諫阻(zu)皇帝(di)(di)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)堅決反對(dui)宋高(gao)(gao)宗的(de)退縮(suo)南(nan)遷(qian),認為(wei)(wei)這只會助(zhu)長金(jin)(jin)兵南(nan)侵的(de)氣焰。建(jian)(jian)炎(yan)(yan)三年(nian)(nian)(1129年(nian)(nian))五月,趙(zhao)構(gou)準(zhun)備(bei)由揚(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)再遷(qian)建(jian)(jian)康(kang),在朝廷已(yi)定(ding)的(de)情況下,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)冒(mao)忤逆(ni)之(zhi)罪,上(shang)書諫阻(zu)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)說,金(jin)(jin)兵正擬大舉南(nan)下,"若輕至建(jian)(jian)康(kang),恐金(jin)(jin)人乘(cheng)虛侵軼",建(jian)(jian)議(yi)"選遣(qian)近臣(chen)前往(wang)經營,俟告(gao)辦,回鑾未(wei)晚"。趙(zhao)構(gou)見洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)洞察形勢,直言敢諫,頗(po)有(you)見地,因此召見了他(ta)(ta)(ta)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)接到(dao)召見的(de)命令,不敢怠(dai)慢,匆忙來到(dao)建(jian)(jian)康(kang)。宰相(xiang)呂(lv)頤浩先(xian)與他(ta)(ta)(ta)交談,見他(ta)(ta)(ta)對(dui)答如流,很有(you)學問,非常高(gao)(gao)興(xing)。見他(ta)(ta)(ta)身上(shang)還(huan)穿(chuan)著黑色的(de)喪(sang)服,去見皇帝(di)(di)不太(tai)吉利,便把自己(ji)的(de)衣巾解給他(ta)(ta)(ta)穿(chuan)。趙(zhao)構(gou)稱(cheng)贊洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)說:"卿(qing)(qing)議(yi)論縱(zong)橫,熟于史傳,有(you)專對(dui)之(zhi)才。朕方擇使(shi)(shi)(shi),無以易卿(qing)(qing)。”于是(shi),命洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)為(wei)(wei)大金(jin)(jin)通問使(shi)(shi)(shi),假(代(dai)理)禮(li)部尚書銜,出使(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo),商議(yi)和好,停止戰爭。龔王壽為(wei)(wei)通問副使(shi)(shi)(shi),另有(you)隨員11人。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)被派出使(shi)(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)議(yi)和,但金(jin)(jin)沒有(you)議(yi)和之(zhi)意,所(suo)(suo)以當時的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)節非常危(wei)險。“凡宋使(shi)(shi)(shi)者如(王)倫及宇文虛中(zhong)、魏行可、顧縱(zong)、張邵等,皆留之(zhi)不遣(qian)。”(《金(jin)(jin)史·王倫傳》)
五月八日,洪(hong)皓從建(jian)康(kang)出(chu)發使(shi)(shi)金。途經淮(huai)南,當時(shi)這(zhe)個地區社會秩序很亂,軍賊李成(cheng)據泗州(zhou),靳賽(sai)據揚州(zhou),薛慶據高(gao)(gao)郵,叛服不常。洪(hong)皓根(gen)據高(gao)(gao)宗命令(ling)對這(zhe)些人(ren)多加撫慰。他(ta)先寫信勸李成(cheng),不要(yao)攻打宋的(de)楚州(zhou)。又讓李派(pai)(pai)兵(bing)護送自(zi)己(ji)(ji)去金。李以軍食(shi)匱乏拒絕,并大(da)發牢騷(sao),說(shuo)朝廷待(dai)他(ta)太薄,不加撫諭。洪(hong)皓還打聽(ting)到李成(cheng)想要(yao)扣(kou)留自(zi)己(ji)(ji),便(bian)及時(shi)返回,向高(gao)(gao)宗報告(gao)李成(cheng)欲連絡靳薛,引兵(bing)建(jian)康(kang)的(de)新動向,建(jian)議派(pai)(pai)人(ren)優加撫諭,避(bi)免(mian)兵(bing)端。高(gao)(gao)宗采納建(jian)議,派(pai)(pai)使(shi)(shi)者送去五萬斛大(da)米,使(shi)(shi)建(jian)康(kang)的(de)形(xing)勢(shi)轉(zhuan)危為(wei)安(an)。洪(hong)皓這(zhe)種達權(quan)知(zhi)變處理問題的(de)舉(ju)措,應屬有功(gong)。但呂(lv)頤浩卻惱怒他(ta)不先稟告(gao)自(zi)己(ji)(ji),直接報告(gao)了皇(huang)帝(di),是目(mu)中無宰相.便(bian)借口(kou)他(ta)“稽留生事”,把他(ta)的(de)官職降了兩級(ji)。
洪皓(hao)沒有(you)灰心,又(you)請轉道滁陽(今(jin)安(an)徽滁州)、壽春(今(jin)安(an)徽壽縣)前(qian)往北方(fang)。于八(ba)月中旬渡(du)淮,來(lai)(lai)到潁上,發現(xian)這里的(de)道路仍然不(bu)很(hen)(hen)安(an)靜,主要是以(yi)李(li)閻羅、小張(zhang)俊(jun)為首的(de)軍賊作(zuo)梗。洪皓(hao)進(jin)入順昌 (今(jin)安(an)徽阜陽)后(hou),派人給他(ta)們(men)送信說:“自古(gu)無白頭賊。”希望他(ta)們(men)趁年(nian)青時為國家(jia)建功立(li)業,才能老有(you)所終。做(zuo)賊,決(jue)非長久之計(ji)。二人聽了(le)很(hen)(hen)受感(gan)動,立(li)即表示服從命令,接受改編.領兵入衛(wei)。這件事,看來(lai)(lai)做(zuo)得(de)還不(bu)錯。
洪(hong)皓帶著高宗(zong)求和(he)的(de)國書,大(da)(da)約在(zai)建炎三(san)年的(de)初冬(dong)到(dao)達(da)太(tai)原。這(zhe)時,金(jin)(jin)兵正大(da)(da)舉南侵(qin),不(bu)(bu)久就渡淮渡江(jiang)(jiang),直犯江(jiang)(jiang)浙,氣焰(yan)十分囂張(zhang),那肯接(jie)受(shou)和(he)談。于是,洪(hong)皓等(deng)人便被(bei)(bei)羈(ji)留在(zai)太(tai)原的(de)使館中(zhong),僅有一(yi)名主簿接(jie)待(dai),禮遇日薄,幾近一(yi)年。直到(dao)次年冬(dong)季,金(jin)(jin)兀術(shu)南侵(qin)兵敗,退回北方;改變策略扶持(chi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu)建立偽齊;又派秦檜南歸(gui)之(zhi)后(hou),被(bei)(bei)金(jin)(jin)人扣(kou)留近一(yi)年,第(di)二年轉至云中(zhong)(今山西大(da)(da)同), 云中(zhong)是金(jin)(jin)朝的(de)西京,左副元(yuan)帥宗(zong)翰(han)接(jie)見(jian)洪(hong)皓,完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)宗(zong)翰(han)不(bu)(bu)許洪(hong)皓請(qing)歸(gui)二帝(di)之(zhi)要(yao)求,逼迫他到(dao)金(jin)(jin)廷操縱(zong)的(de)偽齊劉(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu)政權(quan)去當官。洪(hong)皓嚴詞拒絕:“奉(feng)(feng)(feng)了皇(huang)上的(de)使命,走了萬里的(de)遠(yuan)路,不(bu)(bu)能奉(feng)(feng)(feng)侍徽欽兩(liang)帝(di)南歸(gui)。我(wo)恨不(bu)(bu)得把叛逆(ni)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu)給殺(sha)了,哪里能忍受(shou)這(zhe)種(zhong)屈辱來奉(feng)(feng)(feng)侍劉(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu),留在(zai)這(zhe)也是死。不(bu)(bu)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)侍劉(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu)也是死,不(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)像鼠狗(gou)一(yi)樣偷(tou)生,寧愿(yuan)下(xia)(xia)油鍋都(dou)在(zai)所不(bu)(bu)惜。”(《宋史·洪(hong)皓列傳》)完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)宗(zong)翰(han)大(da)(da)怒,下(xia)(xia)令推出斬首。兩(liang)名壯士“執劍夾承”,擁之(zhi)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)。洪(hong)皓面不(bu)(bu)改色,從容而行。一(yi)位(wei)貴族見(jian)狀(zhuang),深受(shou)感(gan)動,不(bu)(bu)覺失聲說(shuo)道:“真忠(zhong)臣也。”遂用目光制止劍士暫(zan)緩行刑,并親自(zi)跪下(xia)(xia)請(qing)求完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)宗(zong)翰(han)免(mian)除洪(hong)皓一(yi)死。完(wan)(wan)顏(yan)宗(zong)翰(han)雖然(ran)免(mian)洪(hong)皓死,但把他流放到(dao)遙遠(yuan)的(de)冷山。 副使龔(gong)王壽害怕被(bei)(bei)殺(sha),投降偽齊。
冷山,在(zai)黃龍府(今(jin)吉林(lin)農安)北(bei),距離金(jin)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)上京(jing)(今(jin)黑龍江阿(a)城),只(zhi)有一百(bai)(bai)來里(li)。由于地(di)(di)勢極北(bei),氣候苦(ku)寒,四(si)月春草方生,八(ba)月即已下雪,人(ren)(ren)戶稀少(shao),僅有百(bai)(bai)家,穴地(di)(di)而(er)(er)居,洪皓(hao)(hao)一行在(zai)金(jin)軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)押(ya)送下行走(zou)了60天才(cai)到達(da)冷山。一路上,洪皓(hao)(hao)始(shi)終(zhong)抱著大(da)宋通問使(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)印(yin)符,打著使(shi)臣的(de)(de)(de)(de)節旄艱難地(di)(di)行進(jin),到達(da)冷山后,那里(li)是女(nv)真貴族(zu)家族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)駐地(di)(di)。金(jin)國陳王完顏(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)常(chang)傲慢,漠視(shi)宋國使(shi)團。他(ta)要洪皓(hao)(hao)獻進(jin)攻四(si)川(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計策,洪皓(hao)(hao)列舉很(hen)(hen)多(duo)事實告訴他(ta)宋軍(jun)防(fang)守堅固,金(jin)軍(jun)是不(bu)可(ke)能取得四(si)川(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de);并(bing)警(jing)告他(ta)“挑起戰爭(zheng)好比玩火,不(bu)要玩火自焚(fen)”。完顏(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)聽(ting)后大(da)怒(nu)道:“你(ni)這(zhe)個(ge)議(yi)(yi)和(he)官(guan),還如此嘴硬,你(ni)以(yi)為我(wo)不(bu)能殺你(ni)嗎?”洪皓(hao)(hao)仰天長笑道:“我(wo)非常(chang)清楚(chu)你(ni)要殺我(wo)。不(bu)過,為了使(shi)你(ni)不(bu)背‘殺來使(shi)’的(de)(de)(de)(de)千古罪名(ming),我(wo)建議(yi)(yi)你(ni)將我(wo)投入水中(zhong)(zhong),假說我(wo)失足(zu)墜淵(yuan),以(yi)欺瞞(man)世人(ren)(ren)耳(er)目。”悟室雖(sui)然早有吞并(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野心,但性情卻很(hen)(hen)剛直,聽(ting)了洪皓(hao)(hao)這(zhe)番(fan)話反而(er)(er)認為洪皓(hao)(hao)是條好漢(han),忠義可(ke)欽(qin)。同時又(you)因為他(ta)久聞洪皓(hao)(hao)文(wen)才(cai)出眾(zhong),就(jiu)以(yi)禮相待(dai),請他(ta)教自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)八(ba)個(ge)兒子讀書(shu)(shu)學漢(han)文(wen)。洪皓(hao)(hao)教書(shu)(shu),經常(chang)出入希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)家中(zhong)(zhong),希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)敬重其(qi)人(ren)(ren)格,欽(qin)佩其(qi)才(cai)識,不(bu)僅叫兒孫(sun)們向他(ta)學習,自己也時常(chang)同他(ta)討(tao)論軍(jun)政國事,很(hen)(hen)重視(shi)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些建議(yi)(yi),希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)協助熙宗(zong)制定(ding)禮儀、制度(du),多(duo)與洪皓(hao)(hao)謀(mou)議(yi)(yi)。洪皓(hao)(hao)"學有本源",又(you)在(zai)官(guan)場上生活多(duo)年,十分熟(shu)悉(xi)漢(han)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)典章制度(du),對(dui)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改革影響很(hen)(hen)大(da)。金(jin)熙宗(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政治制度(du)改革,不(bu)僅極大(da)地(di)(di)加強了中(zhong)(zhong)央集權的(de)(de)(de)(de)皇權統(tong)治,而(er)(er)且對(dui)于輸(shu)入較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漢(han)族(zu)文(wen)化,提高(gao)女(nv)真族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化水平,也發揮(hui)了積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。
洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓在冷(leng)山(shan)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)是十分凄苦的(de)(de),穿著(zhu)粗(cu)布衣裳(shang),常(chang)用野菜充饑,還要(yao)自(zi)己動手上(shang)山(shan)砍(kan)柴。隆冬(dong)時節,大雪(xue)封山(shan),無(wu)法(fa)上(shang)山(shan)砍(kan)柴,只好(hao)四處(chu)奔波,拾取(qu)牛糞(fen)和馬(ma)糞(fen)來取(qu)暖(nuan)做(zuo)飯。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓與當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)廣大女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)民(min)一樣,過著(zhu)含辛茹苦的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo),這就大大地(di)(di)縮(suo)短了同(tong)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)勞(lao)動人(ren)民(min)之間(jian)的(de)(de)距離,給了他更多(duo)的(de)(de)接觸普通人(ren)的(de)(de)機會,增進了他同(tong)女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)勞(lao)動人(ren)民(min)之間(jian)的(de)(de)思想(xiang)感情。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓憎恨發動掠奪戰爭的(de)(de)女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)貴族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),熱愛勤勞(lao)勇敢的(de)(de)女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)勞(lao)動群眾(zhong),經常(chang)同(tong)他們(men)應(ying)酬(chou)往來,促(cu)膝(xi)談(tan)心(xin),同(tong)時還竭盡(jin)全力在女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)民(min)中間(jian)傳播漢族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)。在教授完顏希尹子(zi)弟(di)讀書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)同(tong)時,還主動教授普通群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)子(zi)弟(di)讀書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。由于當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)水(shui)平比較低下,人(ren)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)艱(jian)苦,這些女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)子(zi)弟(di)雖想(xiang)學(xue)習,但無(wu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)讀。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓吸取(qu)女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)民(min)利用樺(hua)樹皮(pi)的(de)(de)豐富經驗,同(tong)女(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)民(min)上(shang)山(shan)一起剝來潔白(bai)柔軟的(de)(de)樺(hua)皮(pi)、曬干當(dang)(dang)紙用。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)皓憑著(zhu)記憶,在樺(hua)皮(pi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉上(shang)默(mo)寫下《論(lun)語(yu)》、《孟子(zi)》、《大學(xue)》、《中庸》的(de)(de)全文(wen)(wen),作為課(ke)本,教授村人(ren)子(zi)弟(di)讀書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),這有(you)名的(de)(de)“樺(hua)葉四書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”,成為千古相傳的(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)史佳話。
建炎四年(nian)(1130年(nian))以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),金(jin)強宋(song)(song)(song)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)勢(shi)開(kai)始逐步向宋(song)(song)(song)強金(jin)弱(ruo)方(fang)面(mian)轉化。到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)紹(shao)興七年(nian)至八(ba)年(nian)間(1137—1138年(nian)),宋(song)(song)(song)強金(jin)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)勢(shi)開(kai)始形(xing)成,金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)遂(sui)有(you)議和(he)(he)(he)思想(xiang)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)宗盤、撻(ta)懶(lan)(lan)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)首的(de)(de)(de)(de)一派(pai),主張在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)交還南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)河南(nan)、陜(shan)西(xi)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下與宋(song)(song)(song)講(jiang)和(he)(he)(he),并(bing)于紹(shao)興八(ba)年(nian)與南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)簽訂了(le)(le)(le)和(he)(he)(he)議。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)議和(he)(he)(he)期(qi)間,完(wan)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)曾就(jiu)所議十(shi)事征(zheng)求洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)意(yi)(yi)見。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)條分(fen)縷析,完(wan)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)說得實(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)誑他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),遂(sui)于紹(shao)興十(shi)年(nian)(1140年(nian))帶領洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)趕赴燕京(jing)(今(jin)北京(jing)),意(yi)(yi)欲遣洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)歸宋(song)(song)(song)進行(xing)議和(he)(he)(he)。但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)是否需要在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)歸宋(song)(song)(song)河南(nan)、陜(shan)西(xi)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下與宋(song)(song)(song)議和(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)上,金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)內部(bu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)嚴重分(fen)歧(qi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)完(wan)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)宗弼(bi)(兀術)為(wei)(wei)(wei)代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)一派(pai)堅決反(fan)對交還,后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai)聯(lian)合完(wan)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin),殺了(le)(le)(le)宗盤、撻(ta)懶(lan)(lan)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),重新發動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)攻宋(song)(song)(song)戰爭。完(wan)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)宗弼(bi)殺了(le)(le)(le)撻(ta)懶(lan)(lan)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之后(hou)(hou)(hou),又(you)殺了(le)(le)(le)完(wan)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)因與完(wan)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)有(you)過異論(lun),才(cai)幸免于難。 不(bu)久,洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)一行(xing)又(you)被(bei)(bei)移至云中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)云中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)探知徽(hui)、欽二帝被(bei)(bei)移囚(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)于五(wu)國城(在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)黑龍江省(sheng)東北角),便遣密(mi)使攜帶書信去見二帝,并(bing)將(jiang)金(jin)國人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)送(song)給他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)桃、梨、粟、果、粉帶去慰問(wen)被(bei)(bei)囚(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)二帝。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)久拘北方(fang),雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)生活條件十(shi)分(fen)艱苦,但(dan)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)急公(gong)好義,仍然(ran)(ran)對身陷艱危苦難中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)胞(bao)們盡(jin)力(li)幫助。皇親趙伯璘(lin)夫(fu)婦被(bei)(bei)掠為(wei)(wei)(wei)希(xi)尹(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)奴隸,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)多次給予周濟。名臣范鎮的(de)(de)(de)(de)孫子為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)傭奴,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)用蘇軾稱贊范鎮的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)章為(wei)(wei)(wei)證,請予優待釋放。大將(jiang)劉光世(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)女兒為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)養豬,他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)設法贖身嫁給衣冠(guan)之人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。被(bei)(bei)金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)擄去的(de)(de)(de)(de)北宋(song)(song)(song)官(guan)宦人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)子女淪為(wei)(wei)(wei)奴隸,被(bei)(bei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)力(li)拔而(er)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)數十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之多。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)千方(fang)百計地與金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)友好人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)多方(fang)斡旋,雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)費(fei)盡(jin)周折(zhe),但(dan)他(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)都想(xiang)辦法為(wei)(wei)(wei)之開(kai)釋。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)鄉(xiang)同(tong)窗隴(long)州功(gong)曹(cao)石昉(fang)于靖康事變時在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)隴(long)州戰斗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被(bei)(bei)金(jin)兵俘獲,不(bu)肯投(tou)降(jiang)被(bei)(bei)長期(qi)囚(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)禁。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)到(dao)(dao)北方(fang)后(hou)(hou)(hou),也想(xiang)了(le)(le)(le)很多辦法予以(yi)(yi)(yi)營救(jiu),然(ran)(ran)而(er)沒(mei)有(you)成功(gong),后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai),石昉(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)絳州(今(jin)山西(xi)新絳縣)殉國。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)這種急公(gong)好義的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)深得漢族和(he)(he)(he)女真族人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)贊譽、敬仰。
在(zai)燕京(jing),洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)見(jian)到(dao)了昔日好(hao)友宇文虛(xu)(xu)中,宇文虛(xu)(xu)中被(bei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)扣(kou)留(liu)(liu)后當了金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)朝(chao)大(da)官(guan)(guan)(guan)。見(jian)到(dao)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后,宇文虛(xu)(xu)中勸他(ta)(ta)留(liu)(liu)在(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)朝(chao)當官(guan)(guan)(guan),并(bing)積極(ji)向(xiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)熙宗(zong)(zong)推薦。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)熙宗(zong)(zong)表示(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)任為(wei)(wei)翰林直(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)士(shi),洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)堅辭不(bu)(bu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)甘心(xin),換官(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)仍(reng)讓洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)職(zhi)。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)請求允(yun)許(xu)(xu)他(ta)(ta)到(dao)臨近(jin)宋(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)定(今(jin)河(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)正定)、大(da)名(今(jin)河(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)名)等地(di)“自養(yang)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)便尋機(ji)逃回(hui)宋(song)(song)朝(chao)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)朝(chao)參政韓昉看出了洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意圖(tu),讓洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)任中京(jing)(今(jin)內蒙古寧(ning)城西(xi)大(da)明(ming)城)副(fu)留(liu)(liu)守,洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)堅決不(bu)(bu)允(yun)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)又(you)降(jiang)其官(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)留(liu)(liu)司判官(guan)(guan)(guan),并(bing)催促他(ta)(ta)盡快起行,洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)置之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)理(li),誓死(si)不(bu)(bu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)見(jian)高(gao)(gao)官(guan)(guan)(guan)厚(hou)祿留(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)住洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao),又(you)想出了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)。根據金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)法(fa)規定,雖未任金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)官(guan)(guan)(guan),但(dan)只(zhi)要被(bei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)任使(shi)(shi),則“永不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)歸”。韓昉為(wei)(wei)了留(liu)(liu)下(xia)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao),遂令其“校云(yun)中進士(shi)試”。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)深(shen)知其意,裝病力辭。但(dan)韓昉不(bu)(bu)允(yun),洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)只(zhi)得前往云(yun)中。到(dao)了云(yun)中以(yi)(yi)(yi)后,他(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)履行職(zhi)責,對(dui)院官(guan)(guan)(guan)說(shuo):“今(jin)取士(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)詩(shi)賦,吾故學(xue)經耳。”云(yun)中院官(guan)(guan)(guan)和考(kao)官(guan)(guan)(guan)沒有(you)辦法(fa),只(zhi)好(hao)將(jiang)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)送回(hui)燕京(jing)。在(zai)燕京(jing)期間,他(ta)(ta)一直(zhi)(zhi)關心(xin)宋(song)(song)朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展和強大(da)。當聽說(shuo)完顏宗(zong)(zong)弼在(zai)順昌(chang)(今(jin)安徽阜(fu)陽)被(bei)劉锜打敗而宋(song)(song)朝(chao)卻撤(che)兵的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)息以(yi)(yi)(yi)后,寫了數萬言的(de)(de)(de)(de)秘(mi)信,謂:“順昌(chang)之(zhi)役,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)震懼奪魄。燕山珍寶盡徙以(yi)(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei),意欲捐燕以(yi)(yi)(yi)南(nan)棄之(zhi)。王師亟還(huan),自失機(ji)會。今(jin)再(zai)舉尚可(ke)(ke)。次年夏,他(ta)(ta)又(you)設(she)法(fa)求得囚(qiu)禁中皇(huang)太后的(de)(de)(de)(de)手書,派人(ren)送回(hui),高(gao)(gao)宗(zong)(zong)大(da)喜說(shuo):“不(bu)(bu)知太后安寧(ning)與否快二(er)十(shi)年了,過去派遣使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)雖多,不(bu)(bu)如得此一書。(《宋(song)(song)史(shi)·洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)列傳(chuan)》)此后又(you)多次送秘(mi)信。”直(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)紹興十(shi)二(er)年,宋(song)(song)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)簽訂《和約》,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)罷兵,開放(fang)互市(shi)榷場(chang),甚至(zhi)皇(huang)太后也準(zhun)許(xu)(xu)回(hui)朝(chao),但(dan)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)等議和的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)仍(reng)被(bei)拘留(liu)(liu),遲(chi)遲(chi)沒有(you)放(fang)還(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)息。又(you)過了一年多,紹興十(shi)三年(1143年),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)熙宗(zong)(zong)喜得貴子,大(da)赦天(tian)下(xia),允(yun)許(xu)(xu)宋(song)(song)朝(chao)使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)回(hui)歸,洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)與張邵、朱弁等都在(zai)被(bei)赦之(zhi)列。他(ta)(ta)們剛一起程,便有(you)人(ren)向(xiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)主報(bao)(bao)告說(shuo):“這種人(ren)若(ruo)放(fang)了,幾時(shi)更有(you)?今(jin)不(bu)(bu)留(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)我用,后必(bi)成為(wei)(wei)我患(huan)。”金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)主悔悟,馬上派人(ren)追趕,但(dan)回(hui)報(bao)(bao)說(shuo)已(yi)經遠去,無法(fa)追回(hui),只(zhi)得罷了。
著(zhu)有文(wen)集五(wu)十卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)及《帝王勇(yong)要》、《姓氏指南(nan)》、《松漠紀(ji)聞(wen)》、《金(jin)國文(wen)具錄(lu)》等書(shu)。有文(wen)集五(wu)十卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)等,已(yi)佚。清四(si)(si)庫館臣據《永樂大典(dian)》輯為(wei)《鄱(po)陽集》四(si)(si)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan),另有《松漠紀(ji)聞(wen)》二卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)行(xing)世。事見《盤洲文(wen)集》卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)七(qi)四(si)(si)《先(xian)君述》,《宋史(shi)》卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)三七(qi)三有傳(chuan)。洪皓詩(shi),以(yi)影(ying)印(yin)文(wen)淵閣《四(si)(si)庫全書(shu)·鄱(po)陽集》為(wei)底本,酌(zhuo)校他書(shu)。新輯集外詩(shi)附于卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)末。
脫(tuo)脫(tuo):孔子(zi)云:"使于四方(fang),不(bu)(bu)辱君命,可謂(wei)(wei)士矣。"當建炎、紹興之(zhi)際,凡使金者,如探(tan)虎口,能全節(jie)而(er)歸,若朱弁、張邵、洪皓其(qi)庶(shu)幾乎,望之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足議也。皓留北十五年,忠(zhong)(zhong)節(jie)尤著(zhu),高(gao)宗謂(wei)(wei)蘇武(wu)不(bu)(bu)能過,誠哉。然(ran)竟以忤秦(qin)檜謫死,悲夫!其(qi)子(zi)適(shi)、遵、邁相繼登詞科,文名滿天下,適(shi)位極臺輔(fu),而(er)邁文學尤高(gao),立朝(chao)議論最多(duo),所(suo)謂(wei)(wei)忠(zhong)(zhong)議之(zhi)報,詎(ju)不(bu)(bu)信夫。
謝肇淛:宋之(zhi)人物,若王沂公、李(li)文正、司馬溫(wen)公之(zhi)相(xiang)業,寇萊公、趙忠(zhong)定之(zhi)應變,韓魏(wei)公之(zhi)德(de)量,李(li)綱、宗澤之(zhi)撥亂,狄(di)青、曹瑋、岳飛、韓世忠(zhong)之(zhi)將略,程明道、朱晦庵之(zhi)真儒,歐陽永叔、蘇子(zi)瞻之(zhi)文章,洪忠(zhong)宣(xuan)(洪皓)、文信國(文天(tian)祥(xiang))之(zhi)忠(zhong)義,皆灼無可議,而(er)且有(you)用于(yu)時(shi)者(zhe),其它瑕瑜不掩,蓋(gai)難言之(zhi)矣。