廖(liao)均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(1350——1413),字兆保,號玉峰,江西省興(xing)國縣梅窖鄉三僚村(cun)人。明永(yong)(yong)樂(le)八年(nian),以建(jian)明十三陵之(zhi)長陵有功,被封(feng)為(wei)欽天(tian)監靈臺(tai)博士(shi)。撰(zhuan)有《行程(cheng)記》等。永(yong)(yong)樂(le)五年(nian),由禮部尚書趙羾(gong)引均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)入京(jing)選擇陵址。時經兩年(nian),終于擇取(qu)北(bei)京(jing)西郊昌(chang)平東北(bei)的黃土山為(wei)陵區。于是(shi)成(cheng)祖(zu)即日(ri)車駕臨(lin)視,封(feng)為(wei)天(tian)壽山,并授均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)為(wei)靈臺(tai)博士(shi),開始建(jian)陵。陵寢建(jian)成(cheng),均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)不愿再封(feng)官受(shou)金,成(cheng)祖(zu)便賜(si)其紙扇一柄,并題(ti)詩云:“江西一老叟,腹內藏星斗。斷下(xia)(xia)金石鯉,果中(zhong)神仙口。賜(si)官官不要,賜(si)金金不受(shou)。賜(si)爾一清風,任卿(qing)(qing)(qing)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)走(zou)。”此之(zhi)后北(bei)京(jing)故(gu)宮(gong)大皇(huang)城的勘測也出(chu)自于廖(liao)均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)手。廖(liao)均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)因此被皇(huang)帝以四(si)品職銜供(gong)養(yang)至(zhi)老死(si),他的墓(mu)地至(zhi)今還在三僚村(cun)的半山腰上。這座蘊蕆(chan)著很多(duo)奧(ao)秘(mi)的古(gu)代墓(mu)穴(xue),走(zou)勢猶(you)如猛虎下(xia)(xia)山,氣宇軒昂。1984年(nian)廖(liao)均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)墓(mu)被確(que)定為(wei)興(xing)國縣文物保護單位(wei)。
精通風水
據《興(xing)國(guo)衣錦(jin)三僚廖(liao)氏族譜》記載,明(ming)(ming)永樂五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1407年(nian)(nian)),明(ming)(ming)成祖(zu)的徐皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)病故,明(ming)(ming)成祖(zu)早已想遷都北京,便將徐皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)棺材暫時安放于南(nan)京的皇宮內,命令禮(li)部尚書趙羾等(deng)大(da)(da)臣,遍訪精通(tong)風(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)士。當時訪得江西贛州(zhou)府興(xing)國(guo)縣(xian)三僚村的廖(liao)均卿(qing),因他(ta)的先(xian)祖(zu)廖(liao)三傳(chuan)是唐(tang)朝著(zhu)名(ming)風(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)大(da)(da)師(shi)楊救貧的傳(chuan)人(ren),廖(liao)均卿(qing)被召傳(chuan)南(nan)京后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),先(xian)察(cha)(cha)看(kan)了(le)在南(nan)京的孝陵(ling)(ling)風(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),便到北京找(zhao)風(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)寶地(di),察(cha)(cha)看(kan)了(le)京西燕臺驛(yi)、玉泉山(shan)(shan)(shan)、譚柘寺、香(xiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan),又(you)察(cha)(cha)看(kan)了(le)京北的陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)茶(cha)湖(hu)嶺和懷柔的洪羅山(shan)(shan)(shan)、百葉山(shan)(shan)(shan),先(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)又(you)察(cha)(cha)看(kan)了(le)辛(xin)家(jia)(jia)莊、斧口(kou)、谷山(shan)(shan)(shan)、文(wen)家(jia)(jia)莊、石門驛(yi)、湯泉、禪峰寺,遍鑒了(le)京郊之后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),于永樂五(wu)年(nian)(nian)六月初(chu)一前往(wang)昌(chang)平黃土山(shan)(shan)(shan)(即后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)來的天(tian)壽山(shan)(shan)(shan)十三陵(ling)(ling)所(suo)在地(di))登高縱目,見該處(chu)(chu)風(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)絕妙,為他(ta)處(chu)(chu)所(suo)不(bu)及,便繪(hui)成地(di)圖(tu),于八(ba)月初(chu)一日到南(nan)京上(shang)朝,獻上(shang)地(di)圖(tu),并建議明(ming)(ming)成祖(zu)親臨黃土山(shan)(shan)(shan)觀察(cha)(cha),希望明(ming)(ming)成祖(zu)“高張慧目,廣邁皇風(feng)”,并說,如(ru)將皇陵(ling)(ling)定(ding)于此處(chu)(chu),則“玉燭清明(ming)(ming),并三辰(chen)而永耀;金符浩蕩,亙萬古以長存:國(guo)祚無疆,邦(bang)家(jia)(jia)有慶”。
初見皇陵
明(ming)成(cheng)祖聽了(le)非常(chang)高(gao)興(xing),決定初(chu)八日(ri)(ri)吉辰與各風(feng)水師一(yi)同往(wang)黃土(tu)山(shan)定穴位(wei)。當時還有(you)另外兩名(ming)知名(ming)風(feng)水大師王侃、巫涯,他(ta)(ta)們也各自(zi)上了(le)奏本(ben)。明(ming)成(cheng)祖在比較之后,決定采(cai)納廖(liao)均卿建議。初(chu)八日(ri)(ri)半夜子(zi)時,明(ming)成(cheng)祖將幾(ji)位(wei)風(feng)水大師召到面前(qian),說王侃、巫涯所(suo)定穴位(wei)不對,廖(liao)均卿所(suo)定穴位(wei)最好(hao),當時賞(shang)賜(si)了(le)廖(liao)均卿金(jin)劍一(yi)把、銀鋤一(yi)張(zhang),讓他(ta)(ta)去點穴,隨及開挖(wa)了(le)金(jin)井(就是(shi)埋棺材(cai)的(de)穴位(wei)),同時,明(ming)成(cheng)祖下(xia)令將黃土(tu)山(shan)改名(ming)為天壽(shou)山(shan),便高(gao)高(gao)興(xing)興(xing)回南京去了(le)。
建造故事
到了永樂八(ba)(ba)年,明成祖又(you)召見諸位風水(shui)(shui)大(da)師(shi),問(wen)天(tian)(tian)壽山(shan)皇陵(ling)的(de)穴位工程進展(zhan)如何?眾(zhong)大(da)臣奏(zou)道,廖均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)戲弄(nong)朝廷,他(ta)挖傷了地脈,穴位涌(yong)泉不(bu)止。明成祖就問(wen)廖均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)怎么回事?廖均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)說,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)真龍(long)(long)的(de)聚處,穴法無偏,只(zhi)要皇帝親臨其(qi)處,泉水(shui)(shui)立即(ji)停止。明成祖一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽覺得很是(shi)神奇,便(bian)叫(jiao)大(da)臣們(men)看了一(yi)(yi)(yi)個好(hao)日子(zi),帶了文武官(guan)員和廖均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)等人(ren)從(cong)南京出發(fa)前往北京天(tian)(tian)壽山(shan)。但明成祖到了穴位之處,看見泉水(shui)(shui)依然(ran)在(zai)噴,龍(long)(long)顏大(da)怒,責問(wen)廖均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)為何戲弄(nong)于他(ta)。廖均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)不(bu)慌不(bu)忙回答說:我還沒有喝山(shan)呢,只(zhi)要臣幾聲一(yi)(yi)(yi)喊,把羅盤下地一(yi)(yi)(yi)照(zhao),泉水(shui)(shui)便(bian)會立即(ji)停止。明成祖說,那就依你所奏(zou),快快喝山(shan)。廖均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)當即(ji)擺(bai)好(hao)架式,向山(shan)上(shang)喝道:“山(shan)家(jia)二十四(si)向,土地、龍(long)(long)祖、天(tian)(tian)星、地曜(yao)、二十八(ba)(ba)宿,祖師(shi)楊救(jiu)貧(pin)、曾(ceng)文山(shan),廖禹公,今廖均(jun)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)為永樂圣主(zhu)立萬(wan)年之基(ji)業,千載之皇陵(ling),萬(wan)里山(shan)河皆(jie)歸圣主(zhu),現在(zai)皇帝御駕親臨,著令泉水(shui)(shui)立即(ji)停止,如改違抗,是(shi)為逆天(tian)(tian)大(da)罪,必受天(tian)(tian)譴。”
故事結局
說來也怪,廖(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)還(huan)未喊完,金(jin)井內的(de)泉水(shui)果然立(li)即停止。明成(cheng)祖龍心大悅(yue),正待賞賜,卻見廖(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)又奏到,泉下三尺,有(you)石盆一(yi)個,石鯉(li)魚一(yi)對,請(qing)萬歲立(li)即下令(ling)(ling)開挖,明成(cheng)祖當(dang)即下令(ling)(ling)往下探挖,挖到三尺,果然挖出。這時(shi),明成(cheng)祖不斷說道:“神了(le)!神了(le)!廖(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)非凡人,誠(cheng)乃(nai)仙風(feng)道骨(gu),喊山(shan)山(shan)應,喊水(shui)水(shui)止,真(zhen)乃(nai)朕之奇遇也。”隨即下令(ling)(ling)賜廖(liao)(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)欽天(tian)監五品(pin)靈(ling)臺博(bo)士官。