汕頭市(shi)潮南(nan)區(qu)較大(da)(da)的水(shui)庫(ku)——秋風水(shui)庫(ku),位于區(qu)境大(da)(da)南(nan)山北麓,是練江(jiang)最大(da)(da)支流(liu)兩英河上游控(kong)制性水(shui)庫(ku)。庫(ku)水(shui)面(mian)縱橫(heng)3公里,控(kong)制集雨面(mian)積105平(ping)方(fang)公里,總庫(ku)容6384萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。現(xian)土壩高28米(mi)(mi)、面(mian)寬6米(mi)(mi)、全長2049米(mi)(mi);泄洪閘2座,最大(da)(da)泄洪流(liu)量452立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)每秒。
秋(qiu)風嶺(ling)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫位于(yu)潮南(nan)區西南(nan)部,因處原秋(qiu)風嶺(ling)村(已移)北(bei)側(ce)而得名。建(jian)成于(yu)1959年11月(yue),是(shi)汕頭市(shi)大(da)的(de)(de)一宗以攔(lan)洪蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)為主,控(kong)制集雨面(mian)積105.1平方(fang)公里(含(han)上(shang)游紅(hong)場水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫集雨面(mian)積),總庫容6903萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi),兼顧灌(guan)溉(gai)、供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、發(fa)(fa)電等綜(zong)合(he)利用的(de)(de)中型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,建(jian)成以來(lai),有效地治理了練(lian)江(jiang)流域(yu)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)旱(han)災害,解(jie)決了下游10.2萬(wan)畝農田灌(guan)溉(gai)和6個(ge)鎮近50萬(wan)人口的(de)(de)飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)問題,促進了工農業生產的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。作為治理練(lian)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)旱(han)災害的(de)(de)主要骨干工程,40多年來(lai)發(fa)(fa)揮著攔(lan)洪蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)、發(fa)(fa)電、灌(guan)溉(gai)、供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)等綜(zong)合(he)效益。
歷史上(shang)(shang)兩英河中下游兩岸水旱災害頻繁,降100多(duo)毫米(mi)暴雨,洪(hong)水往往沖決堤防,并瀉入練江平原泛濫;遇旱則(ze)上(shang)(shang)游源流枯竭(jie),加上(shang)(shang)練江咸(xian)潮上(shang)(shang)涌而致旱咸(xian)為害;歷代的爭水械斗,更是屢見不鮮(xian)。
中華人民(min)(min)共和國成(cheng)立后(hou),群眾(zhong)迫切要求建(jian)設(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),人民(min)(min)政府(fu)把它列為(wei)議(yi)事日(ri)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),多次組織勘測(ce)。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)土改時即已預留移(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)房屋(wu)與(yu)(yu)耕地;1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月,縣(xian)(xian)黨代會通過(guo)(guo)建(jian)設(she)秋(qiu)(qiu)風(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)決議(yi),并成(cheng)立以(yi)郭春為(wei)主(zhu)任(縣(xian)(xian)委第一(yi)書記兼(jian))的(de)(de)(de)“籌(chou)建(jian)委員(yuan)會”;1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開展庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)區(qu)移(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)遷安工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作;1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正式開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。由兩(liang)英、司馬浦、峽山(shan)(shan)、臚崗(gang)、和平(ping)、陳(chen)店、銅盂等(deng)一(yi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)多民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地,實行(xing)三班制(zhi)日(ri)夜施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。當時縣(xian)(xian)內大批工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同時上馬,人力物資極(ji)(ji)度緊缺(que),但受益(yi)區(qu)群眾(zhong)表現極(ji)(ji)大積極(ji)(ji)性,一(yi)切服(fu)從水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)建(jian)設(she)需要。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月12日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)風(feng)暴雨,洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)猛(meng)漲(zhang)至38.38米(mi)(mi)高程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),時土壩(ba)頂高程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)只達(da)40.06米(mi)(mi),風(feng)浪沖濺(jian)過(guo)(guo)壩(ba)頂,4000多干部群眾(zhong)不(bu)顧家(jia)中受災,頂風(feng)冒雨搶(qiang)險護(hu)壩(ba),避免一(yi)場垮壩(ba)巨災。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)土壩(ba),又組織2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)多民(min)(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進行(xing)灌(guan)區(qu)渠道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)配(pei)套(tao),至1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏,完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)100多公里的(de)(de)(de)干、支渠道配(pei)套(tao)。在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)建(jian)成(cheng)以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)40多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)多次進行(xing)加(jia)(jia)固、擴建(jian)與(yu)(yu)配(pei)套(tao),主(zhu)要有1964—1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),建(jian)成(cheng)壩(ba)后(hou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)供內澇地區(qu)電動排(pai)灌(guan)用(yong)(yong)電;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)擴建(jian),土壩(ba)加(jia)(jia)高2米(mi)(mi)、面(mian)加(jia)(jia)寬4米(mi)(mi)以(yi)及灌(guan)區(qu)全面(mian)改建(jian)加(jia)(jia)固渠系(xi)與(yu)(yu)建(jian)筑物,使灌(guan)區(qu)達(da)10.2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)校核標(biao)(biao)準達(da)200年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇。1975—1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),將上金溪、利陂等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)27平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里區(qu)間洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),截(jie)引入秋(qiu)(qiu)風(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),通過(guo)(guo)圓山(shan)(shan)泄洪閘排(pai)出南(nan)海;上游(you)興建(jian)紅(hong)場水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),使秋(qiu)(qiu)風(feng)安全標(biao)(biao)準達(da)千(qian)(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇校核。40多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來,累(lei)(lei)計(不(bu)包括(kuo)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)截(jie)洪與(yu)(yu)紅(hong)場工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)土方(fang)(fang)340多萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立萬(wan)(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)、石方(fang)(fang)11.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),投(tou)放(fang)勞力960多萬(wan)(wan)(wan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)日(ri),建(jian)成(cheng)這座多種效用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),主(zhu)要效益(yi):控(kong)制(zhi)區(qu)間105.1平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)洪直接(jie)排(pai)出南(nan)海(占本縣(xian)(xian)練(lian)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)山(shan)(shan)地面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)三分之一(yi)),解除兩(liang)英河洪災,大大減輕練(lian)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)澇災,最大灌(guan)溉10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝;回收上游(you)紅(hong)場3級(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電發(fa)(fa)(fa)電尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),改善壩(ba)后(hou)電站(zhan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電,成(cheng)為(wei)縣(xian)(xian)電網(wang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電主(zhu)力,累(lei)(lei)計4個梯級(ji)電站(zhan)從投(tou)運至今已發(fa)(fa)(fa)電10223.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)千(qian)(qian)瓦時。此時還供縣(xian)(xian)魚苗場、養鰻場、布(bu)廠等(deng)生(sheng)產(chan)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),至1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),累(lei)(lei)計提供生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)(yu)生(sheng)活用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)17.57億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),發(fa)(fa)(fa)電用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)14.68億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)興建(jian)受益(yi)練(lian)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)片(pian)5個鎮96個村的(de)(de)(de)秋(qiu)(qiu)風(feng)自(zi)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠。該項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)后(hou),作為(wei)粵東(dong)地區(qu)大的(de)(de)(de)以(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統,將南(nan)山(shan)(shan)清(qing)泉,通過(guo)(guo)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管道網(wang)送給練(lian)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)平(ping)原千(qian)(qian)家(jia)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)戶,改善50多萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源。秋(qiu)(qiu)風(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)經濟效益(yi)、社會環境效益(yi)從此更加(jia)(jia)明顯。
由于水庫建設受當時歷史條件限(xian)制(zhi),設計標準低,質量差,雖經(jing)多次加固、擴建與配套,主(zhu)要建筑(zhu)物仍存在不(bu)同程度的險患(huan),2000年被(bei)測定為三類險壩(ba)。
為消(xiao)除水庫(ku)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患,實現安(an)全(quan)(quan)達標(biao)(biao),2002年經(jing)省(sheng)批準(zhun)立(li)項(xiang)同意(yi)計劃投入資金5266萬(wan)元,按(an)50年一遇洪水標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)設計,100年一遇洪水標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)校核進行除險(xian)加(jia)固。