1990年(nian)代,芝(zhi)罘島辟為度假(jia)旅(lv)游(you)(you)區。1992年(nian)-1993年(nian),在芝(zhi)罘島上重建(jian)了陽(yang)主(zhu)廟(miao),修建(jian)了芝(zhi)罘觀光索道(dao)、激光槍戰城(cheng)、海鮮大(da)世界等(deng)景點(dian)設(she)施。1993年(nian)9月(yue)26日,經(jing)省(sheng)政府批準,煙臺市(shi)建(jian)立(li)第一(yi)個(ge)省(sheng)級(ji)旅(lv)游(you)(you)度假(jia)區煙臺金沙灘省(sheng)級(ji)旅(lv)游(you)(you)度假(jia)區。
煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)景(jing)區(qu)。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)位于市(shi)區(qu)北端,三(san)面環(huan)海,崗巒兀立,林木(mu)蔥蘢,清秀幽雅(ya)。最(zui)高海拔(ba)53米(mi),總面積11.6公頃,其中建(jian)筑(zhu)面積0.9公頃,喬灌(guan)木(mu)約3萬株。站(zhan)在(zai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上,可(ke)盡覽煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)全貌。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是明代狼煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)墩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)所在(zai)地。明洪武(wu)三(san)十(shi)一年(1398年),為(wei)防倭寇侵擾,在(zai)此山(shan)(shan)(shan)修(xiu)建(jian)狼煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)墩臺(tai)(tai)(tai),也稱(cheng)烽火臺(tai)(tai)(tai),發現敵情(qing),晝則升煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),夜則舉(ju)火,以為(wei)警報(bao),簡稱(cheng)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)。“煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)”一詞(ci)即源(yuan)于此。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)開埠后,英、美、法、日等16個國家(jia)相繼在(zai)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)麓建(jian)造(zao)領事館(guan)、教堂和(he)郵局(ju),1948~1978年由人民(min)解放軍(jun)駐(zhu)防,1979年經山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)委及濟南(nan)軍(jun)區(qu)指示,把煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)交(jiao)由當地園(yuan)林部門管理,市(shi)政府投資對山(shan)(shan)(shan)上的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)及設(she)施(shi)多次進行了維修(xiu)和(he)建(jian)設(she),1988年正式成立了煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)公園(yuan)。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)景(jing)區(qu)主要(yao)景(jing)點有:墩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)燈塔(ta)、燕(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)石、抗日烈士紀念(nian)塔(ta)、石船、惹浪亭、觀海樓和(he)原各國領事館(guan)區(qu)。
崆(kong)峒島(dao)(dao)(dao)旅(lv)游區。崆(kong)峒島(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)于(yu)煙臺芝罘(fu)區東北海(hai)域9.5公里處,距大陸海(hai)岸線最近點(dian)約5.9海(hai)里,島(dao)(dao)(dao)上陸地(di)(di)面積為(wei)84公頃,最高海(hai)拔63.8米,周圍有(you)馬島(dao)(dao)(dao)、扁擔(dan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)、龜島(dao)(dao)(dao)、仙鶴島(dao)(dao)(dao)、美(mei)女島(dao)(dao)(dao)、佛島(dao)(dao)(dao)、蛇島(dao)(dao)(dao)、豆卵(luan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)、地(di)(di)里星等島(dao)(dao)(dao)嶼。島(dao)(dao)(dao)上自然風(feng)光優(you)美(mei),氣候(hou)宜人,有(you)金黃沙(sha)灘(tan)、奇礁怪(guai)石,是(shi)旅(lv)游觀光的圣地(di)(di),是(shi)海(hai)內外(wai)游客避暑、休(xiu)閑、度(du)假、趕海(hai)、垂釣的海(hai)上樂園。2001年被評為(wei)國家首批AA級旅(lv)游區。
東炮(pao)臺(tai)海(hai)濱(bin)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。東炮(pao)臺(tai)位于市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)濱(bin)海(hai)路中(zhong)段的(de)(de)巋岱山(shan)(shan)上,清(qing)政府于1891年(nian)(清(qing)光緒(xu)十七年(nian))在此建炮(pao)臺(tai),這里(li)曾留下了(le)中(zhong)國著名作家(jia)冰(bing)心(xin)童(tong)年(nian)時代的(de)(de)許多(duo)回憶。東炮(pao)臺(tai)海(hai)濱(bin)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)西與(yu)煙(yan)臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)呼應,北與(yu)崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)諸島(dao)相對,清(qing)代的(de)(de)煙(yan)臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)、明(ming)代的(de)(de)古炮(pao)臺(tai)東炮(pao)臺(tai)、美(mei)麗的(de)(de)海(hai)灣、彎(wan)曲的(de)(de)海(hai)濱(bin)休(xiu)閑漫步路、近代的(de)(de)優(you)秀古建筑、遠處縹緲的(de)(de)海(hai)上仙(xian)島(dao)崆(kong)峒(tong)(tong)島(dao)、海(hai)岸邊(bian)靜坐的(de)(de)垂釣者、沙灘上五彩繽紛的(de)(de)游(you)客、路邊(bian)的(de)(de)各色酒吧(ba)、餐飲、購物(wu)場(chang)所共同組成了(le)世(shi)界上不可(ke)多(duo)得(de)的(de)(de)海(hai)濱(bin)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)資源,據世(shi)界旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)組織專家(jia)評價,這里(li)的(de)(de)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)可(ke)與(yu)地中(zhong)海(hai)的(de)(de)戛納、馬貝拉、班諾、諾斯等城市(shi)(shi)媲美(mei)。2000年(nian),市(shi)(shi)委(wei)市(shi)(shi)政府要求將該區(qu)(qu)(qu)建設成旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)示范景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),建設成市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)的(de)(de)亮點,真(zhen)正使這一(yi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域成為濱(bin)海(hai)路上的(de)(de)一(yi)顆明(ming)珠。整個旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)東炮(pao)臺(tai)主景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、冰(bing)心(xin)苑區(qu)(qu)(qu)、海(hai)濱(bin)休(xiu)閑區(qu)(qu)(qu)、廣場(chang)活動區(qu)(qu)(qu)、棧橋(qiao)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)五大部(bu)分(fen)。
海岸
芝罘灣海岸(an)(an)底(di)質(zhi)(zhi)有2類(lei):芝罘灣西岸(an)(an)為(wei)泥沙質(zhi)(zhi);巋岱山(shan)東南、玉帶山(shan)、煙(yan)臺(tai)山(shan)、芝罘島北岸(an)(an)為(wei)巖礁。地貌類(lei)型(xing)齊全,形態復雜。
芝(zhi)罘(fu)(fu)島(dao)(dao)南岸(an)(an)分布有海(hai)蝕(shi)穴(xue)(海(hai)蝕(shi)洞(dong)),大小不一(yi),形狀各異,多沿石(shi)英巖裂隙(xi)發(fa)育。崆(kong)峒島(dao)(dao)海(hai)蝕(shi)穴(xue)也有發(fa)育。海(hai)蝕(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)。分布于芝(zhi)罘(fu)(fu)島(dao)(dao)南北兩(liang)岸(an)(an),南岸(an)(an)一(yi)處(chu)稱“石(shi)公公”,高(gao)出海(hai)面(mian)7.50米(mi),基部直徑1米(mi),上部2米(mi),今不存。北岸(an)(an)的海(hai)蝕(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)稱“婆婆石(shi)”,呈塔(ta)狀,兀(wu)立海(hai)中,柱(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)42米(mi),距岸(an)(an)300米(mi)。西北岸(an)(an)的摩羅(luo)石(shi)海(hai)蝕(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu),高(gao)34.30米(mi),距岸(an)(an)約(yue)600米(mi)。崆(kong)峒島(dao)(dao)北岸(an)(an)海(hai)蝕(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)也處(chu)處(chu)可見。
岬(jia)角(jiao)。分布(bu)于(yu)北部沿海(hai)地帶。芝罘東(dong)角(jiao),位(wei)于(yu)芝罘島東(dong)端,系芝罘島丘陵伸(shen)入(ru)海(hai)中尖(jian)角(jiao),長(chang)(chang)500米(mi)(mi),面積12.50萬平方米(mi)(mi),海(hai)拔66.40米(mi)(mi)。主要由石(shi)(shi)英巖(yan)(yan)構成,侵蝕海(hai)岸(an)特征明顯,北岸(an)為險(xian)崖,崖高30米(mi)(mi)以上(shang),南崖坡度(du)較(jiao)緩。前緣基巖(yan)(yan)裸露,基巖(yan)(yan)上(shang)覆蓋(gai)砂礫和松(song)散沉(chen)積物,厚2~5米(mi)(mi),長(chang)(chang)有松(song)、柞(zuo)樹和灌(guan)木、雜草,陽坡可植(zhi)農作物。煙(yan)臺(tai)山嘴,位(wei)于(yu)煙(yan)臺(tai)山東(dong)端,長(chang)(chang)60米(mi)(mi),面積1800平方米(mi)(mi),海(hai)拔約25米(mi)(mi)。主要由石(shi)(shi)英巖(yan)(yan)構成,后部基巖(yan)(yan)之上(shang)覆蓋(gai)沙(sha)土,厚2~3米(mi)(mi),長(chang)(chang)有松(song)、槐樹和冬青;前緣為風化巖(yan)(yan)層,巖(yan)(yan)面高程3~5米(mi)(mi),石(shi)(shi)峰奇(qi)特。
連(lian)島沙壩。連(lian)接陸地(di)(di)與(yu)芝罘(fu)島,其(qi)南(nan)端雛形(xing)為(wei)古(gu)沙嘴,北(bei)(bei)端的大疃村西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)和古(gu)瀉湖東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce),也有兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)古(gu)沙嘴,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)兩(liang)(liang)端古(gu)沙嘴彼此相連(lian)。沙壩北(bei)(bei)窄(zhai)南(nan)寬(kuan),最(zui)(zui)窄(zhai)處400米(mi),高2~3米(mi),最(zui)(zui)高達5.40米(mi)。沙壩中(zhong)有4條(tiao)卵石(shi)(shi)(shi)帶(dai),卵石(shi)(shi)(shi)直徑5~10厘米(mi),磨(mo)圓度好(hao),為(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英巖、石(shi)(shi)(shi)英片巖和斜長(chang)片麻(ma)巖。西(xi)(xi)(xi)側(ce)(ce)兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)高而長(chang),東(dong)側(ce)(ce)兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)矮且短。西(xi)(xi)(xi)數第二條(tiao)延續(xu)最(zui)(zui)遠,從幸(xing)(xing)福八村起(qi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)而行,斷續(xu)經幸(xing)(xing)福十(shi)村、幸(xing)(xing)福十(shi)一村、幸(xing)(xing)福十(shi)三村,延至大沽夾河口附近。南(nan)段卵石(shi)(shi)(shi)成分與(yu)北(bei)(bei)段同,但卵石(shi)(shi)(shi)帶(dai)高度變(bian)(bian)低,在幸(xing)(xing)福十(shi)一村、幸(xing)(xing)福十(shi)三村附近埋(mai)入地(di)(di)下(xia)0.50~1米(mi),寬(kuan)度變(bian)(bian)窄(zhai),為(wei)50米(mi)左右;卵石(shi)(shi)(shi)直徑變(bian)(bian)小,磨(mo)圓度漸好(hao);卵石(shi)(shi)(shi)群中(zhong),中(zhong)砂成分增多(duo),系由北(bei)(bei)向南(nan)連(lian)續(xu)沉積(ji)的結果。
海(hai)(hai)(hai)灘。位于海(hai)(hai)(hai)灣頂部的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)灘,呈新月形,分(fen)沙灘和(he)礫(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)灘兩種。沙灘分(fen)布(bu)于海(hai)(hai)(hai)水浴(yu)場、芝罘(fu)灣西岸和(he)大(da)沽夾河(he)口以東(dong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸帶(dai),高出海(hai)(hai)(hai)平面0.50~1米,由中、細砂組(zu)成,寬度(du)50~100米,坡度(du)3°左(zuo)右。礫(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)灘分(fen)布(bu)于芝罘(fu)島婆婆口小海(hai)(hai)(hai)灣處,高出海(hai)(hai)(hai)平面1~2米,寬度(du)20~50米,由石(shi)(shi)英巖礫(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)組(zu)成,磨圓度(du)好(hao),直徑0.50~10厘米,礫(li)(li)石(shi)(shi)長軸作定向(xiang)排(pai)列,其大(da)面傾向(xiang)海(hai)(hai)(hai),呈現(xian)覆瓦狀。
瀉湖(hu)。位于連島沙壩北端,由東西(xi)兩側古沙嘴(zui)封閉而成,呈三(san)角狀,面(mian)積0.15平方公里。湖(hu)中(zhong)堆(dui)積有(you)青灰、灰黑色粉(fen)沙質淤(yu)泥和淤(yu)泥質粉(fen)砂,夾有(you)貝殼,富含有(you)機質,層厚0.50~1米。瀉湖(hu)中(zhong)殘留三(san)塊水域和沼(zhao)澤(ze)地(di),低于平地(di)約1米。
海岸山峰。
芝罘島丘(qiu)陵(ling)。主(zhu)要(yao)峰(feng)嶺有老(lao)爺山,即古之(zhi)罘山主(zhu)峰(feng)。位于芝罘島丘(qiu)陵(ling)中部(bu)偏(pian)北,西北、東南走向,山主(zhu)體長(chang)1.82公里,寬(kuan)1.20公里,海拔294.10米。南向大陸,北面臨(lin)海,危崖壁立(li),山勢險峻。山上(shang)長(chang)有黑松樹(shu),陽(yang)坡可植(zhi)作(zuo)物。山形似關公讀書狀(zhuang),故名。
煙(yan)臺(tai)山。位(wei)于塔(ta)頂(ding)以北,煙(yan)臺(tai)港東港池(chi)畔(pan)。山主(zhu)體東西0.40公里(li),南北0.25公里(li),海拔45.20米(mi)。
巋(kui)岱山。素(su)稱東(dong)(dong)炮臺山,位于黑夼山東(dong)(dong)北,南距金溝寨(zhai)村1公里。山主體(ti)東(dong)(dong)西0.15公里,南北0.16公里,海拔24.70米。北、東(dong)(dong)臨海,多懸崖峭壁,高10~20米,與(yu)崆峒島、芝(zhi)罘(fu)島三(san)足鼎峙,為(wei)天然(ran)關(guan)隘,故名。
海島
芝(zhi)罘(fu)島。因(yin)古(gu)之罘(fu)山得名,又名北(bei)島。位于芝(zhi)罘(fu)區(qu)境陸(lu)(lu)地北(bei)端,東南(nan)距市區(qu)9公(gong)(gong)里(li)。5800年(nian)前為(wei)孤(gu)島,后海(hai)(hai)(hai)底抬升,大(da)沽夾(jia)河入海(hai)(hai)(hai)大(da)量泥沙(sha)和沿島南(nan)移(yi)砂(sha)礫堆積延伸,形成寬約600米(mi),縱長3公(gong)(gong)里(li)的(de)沙(sha)壩(ba),使島與陸(lu)(lu)地合攏,成為(wei)陸(lu)(lu)連(lian)島。島呈長棱形,東南(nan)西(xi)北(bei)走向,長9公(gong)(gong)里(li),寬約0.50~1.80公(gong)(gong)里(li),面積11.50平方公(gong)(gong)里(li)。島體基巖(yan)(yan)由長石石英片(pian)巖(yan)(yan)和片(pian)麻巖(yan)(yan)構(gou)成,地表多紅(hong)棕(zong)色棕(zong)壤性土。島上峰(feng)巒起伏,松、柞(zuo)樹茂密,主峰(feng)老爺(ye)山海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔294.10米(mi),島岸線曲折長達22.50公(gong)(gong)里(li),北(bei)岸除山口外,皆(jie)懸崖(ya)峭壁。近海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)深3~20米(mi),西(xi)北(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)為(wei)刺參、紫石房蛤(ha)(ha)增養殖區(qu);南(nan)岸地勢較(jiao)低緩(huan),基巖(yan)(yan)上覆蓋砂(sha)礫,近海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)深5米(mi)左右,為(wei)淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)筏式貝藻養殖區(qu),放養海(hai)(hai)(hai)帶(dai)、貽(yi)貝、扇(shan)貝、文蛤(ha)(ha)、菲律賓蛤(ha)(ha)仔等。
崆峒(tong)島(dao)(dao)。位于芝罘區(qu)境(jing)東(dong)北海域(yu)9.50公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)處,距大陸岸(an)線最近(jin)(jin)點5.90公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。清(qing)雍正(zheng)年間(1723~1735年),前七夼、清(qing)泉寨等8村8戶人(ren)(ren)家(jia)遷居(ju)島(dao)(dao)上,稱八家(jia)島(dao)(dao)。后因(yin)四周環水,超塵絕俗,有(you)如(ru)世外(wai)桃(tao)源,改為空洞島(dao)(dao),進而雅化為崆峒(tong)島(dao)(dao)。島(dao)(dao)長1.95公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),寬約0.50公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),面積0.88平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),岸(an)線長6.30公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),主(zhu)峰北山海拔63.80米。系地層(ceng)斷裂形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)分離基巖(yan)島(dao)(dao),四周基巖(yan)裸露,屬石(shi)英(ying)巖(yan),含(han)磁鐵、電氣石(shi)、白云母,底層(ceng)含(han)石(shi)英(ying)達95%。西(xi)與馬島(dao)(dao)有(you)沙灘(tan)毗連,漲(zhang)暗水深(shen)1~2米,枯明單(dan)人(ren)(ren)可行。北岸(an)懸崖陡壁,南岸(an)望(wang)魚臺(tai)附近(jin)(jin)坡(po)陡有(you)礁(jiao)石(shi),余較平(ping)緩(huan)無礁(jiao)石(shi)。島(dao)(dao)上生長有(you)松、槐、柞、楸、梧桐(tong)等樹(shu)木,有(you)兔、鼠及鳥類。近(jin)(jin)海域(yu)多礁(jiao)石(shi),淺(qian)灘(tan)水深(shen)2~10米。西(xi)南延伸至2.80公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)處有(you)寬約100米的(de)淺(qian)水池(chi),最小水深(shen)0.30米。南海域(yu)為淺(qian)海筏(fa)式貝藻(zao)養(yang)殖區(qu),西(xi)域(yu)為刺參、紫石(shi)房蛤增養(yang)殖區(qu)。該島(dao)(dao)山青水碧,冬暖夏涼,風光綺麗。
芝(zhi)罘(fu)(fu)灣(wan)(wan),系位于山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)半島(dao)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)煙臺(tai)市(shi)芝(zhi)罘(fu)(fu)區(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)、芝(zhi)罘(fu)(fu)島(dao)南岸(an)與煙臺(tai)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)岸(an)之間(jian)海域(yu),以芝(zhi)罘(fu)(fu)島(dao)命名。北(bei)(bei)起(qi)芝(zhi)罘(fu)(fu)島(dao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)端(duan)(37°32′48″N,121°25′24″E),南至煙臺(tai)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)炮(pao)臺(tai)(37°32′07″N,121°25′47″E),灣(wan)(wan)口口門寬5.6公(gong)里(li),以崆(kong)峒(tong)島(dao)為(wei)界分北(bei)(bei)口、東(dong)(dong)(dong)口,為(wei)耳朵(duo)狀“U”字(zi)形半閉灣(wan)(wan)。岸(an)線(xian)長21.14公(gong)里(li)。南、東(dong)(dong)(dong)南岸(an)為(wei)山(shan)地,北(bei)(bei)岸(an)為(wei)芝(zhi)罘(fu)(fu)島(dao),東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)灣(wan)(wan)口崆(kong)峒(tong)列(lie)島(dao)環繞。面積(ji)34.6平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(一說31.04平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li))。大部(bu)(bu)分海域(yu)屬于芝(zhi)罘(fu)(fu)區(qu)(qu)。