1990年代,芝(zhi)罘島(dao)辟(pi)為度(du)假旅游(you)區。1992年-1993年,在(zai)芝(zhi)罘島(dao)上重建了陽主廟,修建了芝(zhi)罘觀(guan)光(guang)索道、激光(guang)槍(qiang)戰城、海鮮大世界等(deng)景點(dian)設施。1993年9月26日,經(jing)省政府批準(zhun),煙(yan)臺市建立第(di)一個省級(ji)旅游(you)度(du)假區煙(yan)臺金沙灘省級(ji)旅游(you)度(du)假區。
煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)景區。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)位于市(shi)區北端,三面環海,崗巒兀立(li),林(lin)(lin)木(mu)蔥蘢(long),清秀幽雅。最高海拔53米,總面積11.6公(gong)頃(qing),其中建筑面積0.9公(gong)頃(qing),喬(qiao)灌木(mu)約3萬株。站在煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang),可(ke)盡覽煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)全(quan)貌。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是明代(dai)狼煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)墩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的所在地(di)。明洪武三十一年(nian)(1398年(nian)),為(wei)防倭(wo)寇侵(qin)擾,在此山(shan)(shan)(shan)修(xiu)建狼煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)墩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),也稱烽火臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),發現敵(di)情,晝則升煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),夜(ye)則舉火,以為(wei)警報,簡稱煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。“煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)”一詞即源于此。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)開埠后,英、美、法、日等16個國家相繼在煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)麓建造領事館(guan)、教堂和(he)郵(you)局,1948~1978年(nian)由人民解放(fang)軍(jun)駐(zhu)防,1979年(nian)經(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)委(wei)及濟南軍(jun)區指示,把煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)交由當地(di)園林(lin)(lin)部門管理,市(shi)政府投資對山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)的建筑及設(she)施多次進行了維修(xiu)和(he)建設(she),1988年(nian)正式成立(li)了煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)園。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)景區主要(yao)景點有:墩臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)燈塔、燕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)石、抗日烈士紀念塔、石船、惹浪(lang)亭、觀海樓和(he)原(yuan)各國領事館(guan)區。
崆(kong)(kong)峒島(dao)(dao)(dao)旅游(you)(you)區(qu)。崆(kong)(kong)峒島(dao)(dao)(dao)位于煙(yan)臺芝罘區(qu)東北海(hai)(hai)域9.5公(gong)里(li)(li)處,距大陸(lu)海(hai)(hai)岸線最近點約5.9海(hai)(hai)里(li)(li),島(dao)(dao)(dao)上陸(lu)地面積為(wei)84公(gong)頃,最高海(hai)(hai)拔63.8米,周圍有(you)馬島(dao)(dao)(dao)、扁擔(dan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)、龜島(dao)(dao)(dao)、仙鶴(he)島(dao)(dao)(dao)、美女島(dao)(dao)(dao)、佛(fo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)、蛇島(dao)(dao)(dao)、豆卵島(dao)(dao)(dao)、地里(li)(li)星(xing)等島(dao)(dao)(dao)嶼。島(dao)(dao)(dao)上自然風(feng)光(guang)優美,氣候宜人,有(you)金(jin)黃沙灘(tan)、奇礁怪石,是旅游(you)(you)觀光(guang)的圣地,是海(hai)(hai)內外游(you)(you)客避暑、休閑、度假、趕海(hai)(hai)、垂(chui)釣(diao)的海(hai)(hai)上樂(le)園。2001年被評為(wei)國家(jia)首批(pi)AA級旅游(you)(you)區(qu)。
東(dong)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai)海(hai)(hai)濱(bin)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)風景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。東(dong)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)濱(bin)海(hai)(hai)路中(zhong)段(duan)的(de)巋岱(dai)山上(shang)(shang)(shang),清政(zheng)府(fu)于(yu)(yu)1891年(清光(guang)緒十七年)在此建(jian)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai),這(zhe)里(li)(li)曾(ceng)留下了中(zhong)國(guo)著名作家冰(bing)心童年時(shi)代(dai)的(de)許多回憶。東(dong)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai)海(hai)(hai)濱(bin)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)西與煙臺(tai)(tai)山呼應,北(bei)與崆(kong)峒諸島(dao)相對,清代(dai)的(de)煙臺(tai)(tai)山、明代(dai)的(de)古(gu)(gu)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai)東(dong)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai)、美麗的(de)海(hai)(hai)灣、彎(wan)曲的(de)海(hai)(hai)濱(bin)休閑(xian)漫步路、近代(dai)的(de)優秀(xiu)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑、遠(yuan)處縹緲的(de)海(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)仙島(dao)崆(kong)峒島(dao)、海(hai)(hai)岸邊靜坐(zuo)的(de)垂釣(diao)者、沙灘上(shang)(shang)(shang)五彩繽(bin)紛的(de)游(you)(you)客(ke)、路邊的(de)各色酒吧、餐(can)飲、購物場(chang)所共同組成了世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)(shang)不可多得的(de)海(hai)(hai)濱(bin)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)資源,據世(shi)界旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)組織專家評價,這(zhe)里(li)(li)的(de)風景(jing)(jing)可與地中(zhong)海(hai)(hai)的(de)戛納、馬貝拉、班諾(nuo)、諾(nuo)斯等城市(shi)媲美。2000年,市(shi)委市(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)要(yao)求將該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)設(she)成旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)示范景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),建(jian)設(she)成市(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)的(de)亮點,真(zhen)正使這(zhe)一(yi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)成為濱(bin)海(hai)(hai)路上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)一(yi)顆明珠。整(zheng)個(ge)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分東(dong)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)臺(tai)(tai)主景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、冰(bing)心苑區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、海(hai)(hai)濱(bin)休閑(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、廣場(chang)活動區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、棧橋景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)五大部(bu)分。
海岸
芝罘(fu)灣(wan)海岸(an)底質(zhi)有2類:芝罘(fu)灣(wan)西岸(an)為(wei)泥沙質(zhi);巋(kui)岱山(shan)東南、玉帶山(shan)、煙(yan)臺山(shan)、芝罘(fu)島北岸(an)為(wei)巖礁。地貌類型齊全,形(xing)態復雜。
芝罘島南岸(an)(an)分(fen)布有海(hai)(hai)蝕(shi)(shi)穴(海(hai)(hai)蝕(shi)(shi)洞),大小不一,形狀(zhuang)(zhuang)各(ge)異,多沿(yan)石英(ying)巖裂隙發(fa)育(yu)。崆峒(tong)島海(hai)(hai)蝕(shi)(shi)穴也有發(fa)育(yu)。海(hai)(hai)蝕(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)。分(fen)布于芝罘島南北兩岸(an)(an),南岸(an)(an)一處稱(cheng)“石公公”,高(gao)出海(hai)(hai)面7.50米(mi),基部直徑1米(mi),上部2米(mi),今不存。北岸(an)(an)的(de)海(hai)(hai)蝕(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)稱(cheng)“婆婆石”,呈塔狀(zhuang)(zhuang),兀立海(hai)(hai)中,柱(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)42米(mi),距(ju)岸(an)(an)300米(mi)。西北岸(an)(an)的(de)摩羅石海(hai)(hai)蝕(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu),高(gao)34.30米(mi),距(ju)岸(an)(an)約600米(mi)。崆峒(tong)島北岸(an)(an)海(hai)(hai)蝕(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)也處處可(ke)見。
岬角(jiao)。分布于北部沿海(hai)(hai)地(di)帶。芝罘東(dong)角(jiao),位于芝罘島東(dong)端(duan),系芝罘島丘陵(ling)伸入海(hai)(hai)中尖(jian)角(jiao),長(chang)500米(mi),面(mian)積12.50萬平方(fang)米(mi),海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)66.40米(mi)。主要由(you)石英(ying)巖構(gou)成(cheng),侵蝕海(hai)(hai)岸(an)特征(zheng)明顯(xian),北岸(an)為(wei)險崖(ya),崖(ya)高(gao)30米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)(shang),南(nan)崖(ya)坡度較緩。前緣(yuan)基巖裸露,基巖上(shang)(shang)覆蓋砂礫和松散(san)沉積物,厚(hou)2~5米(mi),長(chang)有松、柞樹(shu)和灌木、雜草,陽坡可植(zhi)農作物。煙臺(tai)山嘴,位于煙臺(tai)山東(dong)端(duan),長(chang)60米(mi),面(mian)積1800平方(fang)米(mi),海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)約25米(mi)。主要由(you)石英(ying)巖構(gou)成(cheng),后部基巖之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)覆蓋沙土,厚(hou)2~3米(mi),長(chang)有松、槐樹(shu)和冬青(qing);前緣(yuan)為(wei)風化巖層(ceng),巖面(mian)高(gao)程3~5米(mi),石峰奇特。
連(lian)島沙壩。連(lian)接陸地(di)與(yu)芝罘島,其南(nan)(nan)端(duan)雛形為(wei)古沙嘴(zui),北(bei)端(duan)的(de)大疃村(cun)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)和古瀉湖東西(xi)兩側(ce),也(ye)有(you)兩條(tiao)古沙嘴(zui),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩端(duan)古沙嘴(zui)彼此相(xiang)連(lian)。沙壩北(bei)窄南(nan)(nan)寬(kuan),最窄處400米,高2~3米,最高達5.40米。沙壩中(zhong)有(you)4條(tiao)卵石(shi)(shi)帶,卵石(shi)(shi)直徑5~10厘米,磨圓度好,為(wei)石(shi)(shi)英巖(yan)、石(shi)(shi)英片(pian)巖(yan)和斜長片(pian)麻巖(yan)。西(xi)側(ce)兩條(tiao)高而長,東側(ce)兩條(tiao)矮且短(duan)。西(xi)數(shu)第二條(tiao)延(yan)續最遠(yuan),從幸(xing)(xing)福八村(cun)起,西(xi)南(nan)(nan)而行(xing),斷(duan)續經幸(xing)(xing)福十(shi)(shi)村(cun)、幸(xing)(xing)福十(shi)(shi)一村(cun)、幸(xing)(xing)福十(shi)(shi)三(san)村(cun),延(yan)至(zhi)大沽夾河口附近。南(nan)(nan)段(duan)卵石(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)與(yu)北(bei)段(duan)同,但卵石(shi)(shi)帶高度變低,在幸(xing)(xing)福十(shi)(shi)一村(cun)、幸(xing)(xing)福十(shi)(shi)三(san)村(cun)附近埋(mai)入地(di)下0.50~1米,寬(kuan)度變窄,為(wei)50米左右;卵石(shi)(shi)直徑變小,磨圓度漸好;卵石(shi)(shi)群中(zhong),中(zhong)砂成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)增多,系由北(bei)向南(nan)(nan)連(lian)續沉積的(de)結果。
海(hai)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)。位(wei)于海(hai)灣頂部(bu)的海(hai)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan),呈(cheng)新月形,分沙(sha)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)和礫(li)石(shi)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)兩種。沙(sha)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)分布于海(hai)水浴(yu)場、芝罘灣西(xi)岸和大(da)沽夾河口以東(dong)海(hai)岸帶,高出海(hai)平(ping)面0.50~1米(mi),由中、細砂組成,寬度(du)50~100米(mi),坡度(du)3°左右。礫(li)石(shi)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)分布于芝罘島婆(po)婆(po)口小海(hai)灣處(chu),高出海(hai)平(ping)面1~2米(mi),寬度(du)20~50米(mi),由石(shi)英巖礫(li)石(shi)組成,磨圓度(du)好,直徑0.50~10厘米(mi),礫(li)石(shi)長軸作定向排列,其大(da)面傾(qing)向海(hai),呈(cheng)現覆瓦狀(zhuang)。
瀉(xie)湖。位于(yu)連島沙壩(ba)北(bei)端,由(you)東西兩側(ce)古沙嘴封閉(bi)而成,呈三(san)角狀,面積0.15平方公里。湖中堆積有(you)青灰、灰黑色粉沙質(zhi)淤(yu)泥和淤(yu)泥質(zhi)粉砂(sha),夾有(you)貝殼,富含有(you)機質(zhi),層厚0.50~1米(mi)。瀉(xie)湖中殘(can)留三(san)塊水域和沼澤地(di),低于(yu)平地(di)約(yue)1米(mi)。
海岸山峰。
芝罘(fu)島丘陵。主(zhu)要(yao)峰嶺有老爺(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan),即古(gu)之(zhi)罘(fu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)主(zhu)峰。位于芝罘(fu)島丘陵中(zhong)部(bu)偏北(bei),西北(bei)、東(dong)南走向(xiang),山(shan)(shan)(shan)主(zhu)體(ti)長(chang)1.82公(gong)(gong)里,寬1.20公(gong)(gong)里,海拔(ba)294.10米(mi)。南向(xiang)大(da)陸,北(bei)面臨海,危崖壁立,山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢險峻。山(shan)(shan)(shan)上長(chang)有黑松(song)樹,陽坡可植作物。山(shan)(shan)(shan)形似(si)關公(gong)(gong)讀書狀,故名。
煙(yan)(yan)臺山。位(wei)于塔頂以北,煙(yan)(yan)臺港東(dong)港池畔。山主體東(dong)西0.40公里,南北0.25公里,海(hai)拔45.20米。
巋岱山(shan)。素稱(cheng)東炮(pao)臺(tai)山(shan),位于黑夼山(shan)東北(bei)(bei),南距金溝寨(zhai)村(cun)1公(gong)里(li)。山(shan)主體(ti)東西0.15公(gong)里(li),南北(bei)(bei)0.16公(gong)里(li),海(hai)拔24.70米。北(bei)(bei)、東臨海(hai),多懸崖(ya)峭壁,高10~20米,與崆峒島、芝罘島三足(zu)鼎峙,為天然(ran)關隘,故名。
海島
芝罘(fu)島(dao)(dao)(dao)。因古之罘(fu)山(shan)得名(ming),又名(ming)北(bei)島(dao)(dao)(dao)。位于芝罘(fu)區境陸(lu)地北(bei)端,東南(nan)(nan)(nan)距市區9公(gong)(gong)里。5800年前為(wei)(wei)(wei)孤島(dao)(dao)(dao),后海(hai)底抬升,大沽夾河入海(hai)大量泥沙和(he)沿(yan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)移砂礫堆積延(yan)伸,形成(cheng)寬約600米,縱長(chang)(chang)(chang)3公(gong)(gong)里的(de)沙壩,使島(dao)(dao)(dao)與陸(lu)地合攏,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陸(lu)連島(dao)(dao)(dao)。島(dao)(dao)(dao)呈長(chang)(chang)(chang)棱(leng)形,東南(nan)(nan)(nan)西北(bei)走(zou)向(xiang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)9公(gong)(gong)里,寬約0.50~1.80公(gong)(gong)里,面積11.50平方公(gong)(gong)里。島(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)基巖(yan)由(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)石(shi)英片(pian)(pian)巖(yan)和(he)片(pian)(pian)麻(ma)巖(yan)構成(cheng),地表多紅棕色棕壤(rang)性(xing)土。島(dao)(dao)(dao)上峰(feng)巒(luan)起(qi)伏,松、柞(zuo)樹茂(mao)密,主峰(feng)老(lao)爺山(shan)海(hai)拔294.10米,島(dao)(dao)(dao)岸線(xian)曲折長(chang)(chang)(chang)達22.50公(gong)(gong)里,北(bei)岸除山(shan)口外,皆懸崖(ya)峭(qiao)壁(bi)。近(jin)海(hai)水(shui)(shui)深3~20米,西北(bei)海(hai)域為(wei)(wei)(wei)刺參(can)、紫石(shi)房蛤增養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)區;南(nan)(nan)(nan)岸地勢較低緩,基巖(yan)上覆蓋砂礫,近(jin)海(hai)水(shui)(shui)深5米左右,為(wei)(wei)(wei)淺海(hai)筏式貝藻養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)區,放養(yang)(yang)海(hai)帶、貽(yi)貝、扇貝、文蛤、菲律賓蛤仔等。
崆(kong)峒島(dao)(dao)。位于芝罘區境東北海域9.50公里處,距大(da)陸岸線(xian)最(zui)近點5.90公里。清雍正年間(1723~1735年),前七夼、清泉寨等8村(cun)8戶人家(jia)遷居(ju)島(dao)(dao)上,稱八家(jia)島(dao)(dao)。后因四(si)周環(huan)水,超塵絕(jue)俗,有(you)(you)(you)如世外桃源,改為(wei)空(kong)洞島(dao)(dao),進而雅化為(wei)崆(kong)峒島(dao)(dao)。島(dao)(dao)長1.95公里,寬約0.50公里,面(mian)積0.88平方(fang)公里,岸線(xian)長6.30公里,主峰北山(shan)海拔63.80米(mi)(mi)。系地(di)層斷裂(lie)形(xing)成的分離基巖島(dao)(dao),四(si)周基巖裸露,屬石(shi)(shi)英巖,含磁鐵、電氣石(shi)(shi)、白云(yun)母,底層含石(shi)(shi)英達95%。西(xi)(xi)與馬島(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)(you)沙灘(tan)(tan)毗連,漲暗水深1~2米(mi)(mi),枯明單人可行。北岸懸崖陡壁,南(nan)岸望魚臺附近坡陡有(you)(you)(you)礁(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)(shi),余較(jiao)平緩(huan)無礁(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)(shi)。島(dao)(dao)上生長有(you)(you)(you)松、槐、柞、楸、梧桐等樹木,有(you)(you)(you)兔、鼠及鳥類。近海域多礁(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)(shi),淺灘(tan)(tan)水深2~10米(mi)(mi)。西(xi)(xi)南(nan)延伸至2.80公里處有(you)(you)(you)寬約100米(mi)(mi)的淺水池(chi),最(zui)小水深0.30米(mi)(mi)。南(nan)海域為(wei)淺海筏式貝藻養殖區,西(xi)(xi)域為(wei)刺參、紫石(shi)(shi)房(fang)蛤增養殖區。該島(dao)(dao)山(shan)青水碧(bi),冬暖夏(xia)涼(liang),風光綺麗。
芝(zhi)罘(fu)灣,系位于(yu)山東(dong)(dong)半島(dao)(dao)北部煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺市(shi)(shi)芝(zhi)罘(fu)區北部、芝(zhi)罘(fu)島(dao)(dao)南岸與煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺市(shi)(shi)區北岸之(zhi)間(jian)海域(yu),以(yi)芝(zhi)罘(fu)島(dao)(dao)命(ming)名。北起芝(zhi)罘(fu)島(dao)(dao)東(dong)(dong)端(duan)(37°32′48″N,121°25′24″E),南至煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺市(shi)(shi)區東(dong)(dong)炮(pao)臺(37°32′07″N,121°25′47″E),灣口(kou)口(kou)門寬5.6公(gong)(gong)里(li),以(yi)崆峒(tong)島(dao)(dao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)界分(fen)北口(kou)、東(dong)(dong)口(kou),為(wei)(wei)(wei)耳朵狀“U”字形半閉灣。岸線長(chang)21.14公(gong)(gong)里(li)。南、東(dong)(dong)南岸為(wei)(wei)(wei)山地,北岸為(wei)(wei)(wei)芝(zhi)罘(fu)島(dao)(dao),東(dong)(dong)部灣口(kou)崆峒(tong)列島(dao)(dao)環(huan)繞(rao)。面(mian)積34.6平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li)(一說31.04平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li))。大部分(fen)海域(yu)屬于(yu)芝(zhi)罘(fu)區。