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主要經歷

擔任校尉

耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)的父親耿(geng)(geng)廣很早便已去世(shi)，耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)年少時就成為(wei)了孤兒。耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)為(wei)人(ren)慷(kang)慨多謀略，有將帥的才能。

永平十(shi)七年（74年）十(shi)一月(yue)，騎都尉劉張出兵攻(gong)打車師，請耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)擔任司馬(ma)，和奉車都尉竇固(gu)以(yi)及(ji)耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)堂弟駙馬(ma)都尉耿(geng)(geng)秉打敗并(bing)使(shi)車師投降。東(dong)漢朝廷(ting)開始(shi)在西(xi)域設(she)置(zhi)西(xi)域都護、戊己校尉，于(yu)是(shi)任命耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)為(wei)戊己校尉。屯兵后王(wang)(wang)部金蒲城（今新疆(jiang)奇臺西(xi)北），任命謁者關寵也為(wei)戊己校尉，屯守前王(wang)(wang)柳中城（今新疆(jiang)艾丁湖東(dong)北），每(mei)個駐屯地(di)各設(she)幾百人。耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)到(dao)達任所，送文書到(dao)烏孫(sun)國(guo)，顯示東(dong)漢朝廷(ting)的威望恩德，烏孫(sun)國(guo)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)下(xia)的人都非常高興，派使(shi)者向東(dong)漢朝廷(ting)進貢名(ming)馬(ma)，并(bing)獻上(shang)漢宣帝時賜給公(gong)主的賭(du)具，希望派烏孫(sun)王(wang)(wang)子(zi)入朝侍奉。耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)于(yu)是(shi)派使(shi)者贈送金子(zi)、織物，迎接烏孫(sun)王(wang)(wang)子(zi)入朝侍奉。

抵御匈奴

永平十(shi)八年(nian)（75年(nian)）三月，北(bei)(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)單于(yu)派左鹿蠡王率領兩萬騎兵攻打(da)(da)(da)車(che)師。耿恭(gong)派司馬領兵三百(bai)人(ren)(ren)前往援(yuan)救車(che)師，途中遭遇北(bei)(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)大軍(jun)，因寡不敵(di)眾(zhong)，全(quan)軍(jun)覆沒。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)打(da)(da)(da)敗并(bing)殺死車(che)師后王安得，繼而攻打(da)(da)(da)金蒲城(cheng)。由于(yu)城(cheng)中兵少，形勢(shi)危急，耿恭(gong)便親自登城(cheng)與北(bei)(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)人(ren)(ren)交戰(zhan)。耿恭(gong)把毒(du)藥涂在箭(jian)(jian)上(shang)，傳話給北(bei)(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)人(ren)(ren)說：“這是(shi)(shi)漢朝(chao)神箭(jian)(jian)，中箭(jian)(jian)者必出(chu)怪事。”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)用硬弓射箭(jian)(jian)。中箭(jian)(jian)的北(bei)(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)人(ren)(ren)，看(kan)到傷口處(chu)血水沸涌，大為(wei)驚慌。當時正好出(chu)現狂風暴(bao)雨，耿恭(gong)軍(jun)乘雨攻打(da)(da)(da)北(bei)(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)，殺傷眾(zhong)多(duo)北(bei)(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)人(ren)(ren)。北(bei)(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)人(ren)(ren)十(shi)分(fen)震恐，相(xiang)互說道：“漢軍(jun)有(you)神力，真可怕(pa)啊！”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)解(jie)圍撤退。

永平十八年五(wu)月（《資治通(tong)鑒》作六月），耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)因疏勒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邊有溪(xi)流(liu)可以(yi)固(gu)守，便率軍占據該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。七月，北匈(xiong)奴再次(ci)前來進攻(gong)耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)，耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)招募(mu)先鋒幾千人(ren)(ren)直(zhi)奔(ben)北匈(xiong)奴，北匈(xiong)奴騎(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)逃(tao)散(san)，在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下堵絕(jue)溪(xi)流(liu)。耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)掘井十五(wu)丈，仍不(bu)出水(shui)。官(guan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)焦渴困乏(fa)，甚至(zhi)擠榨馬(ma)糞汁來飲用。耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)親自帶領士兵(bing)(bing)(bing)挖井運土，不(bu)久，泉水(shui)涌出，眾(zhong)人(ren)(ren)齊呼(hu)萬(wan)歲。耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)便命官(guan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上潑(po)水(shui)給(gei)北匈(xiong)奴人(ren)(ren)看。北匈(xiong)奴人(ren)(ren)感到意(yi)外(wai)，以(yi)為(wei)有神明在(zai)幫(bang)助漢(han)軍，于是領兵(bing)(bing)(bing)撤退。

遭圍回國

主詞條：十三將士歸玉門(men)

永平十八年（75年）六月，西域的焉耆和龜茲兩國攻打西域都護(hu)陳(chen)睦，陳(chen)睦全軍覆(fu)沒。北匈奴(nu)的軍隊則在柳(liu)中城(cheng)包(bao)圍關寵。

永平十八(ba)年(nian)八(ba)月，漢明(ming)帝(di)去世，朝廷(ting)正是大喪之機(ji)，沒(mei)有派出救(jiu)兵(bing)(bing)。于(yu)是車師(shi)再(zai)度反叛，和北(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)一(yi)道進攻(gong)耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)。耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)激勵士兵(bing)(bing)進行抵抗。車師(shi)后王(wang)夫人(ren)的(de)祖先是漢人(ren)，經常暗中把敵(di)情告(gao)訴耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)，又(you)供給他(ta)糧食軍餉。幾個(ge)月后，漢軍糧食耗盡(jin)，便用水(shui)煮鎧甲弓弩，吃上面的(de)獸筋皮革(ge)。耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)和士兵(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)誠相待，同生共死(si)，所以(yi)(yi)眾人(ren)全無二(er)心，但死(si)者(zhe)日漸增多，只剩下了數十人(ren)。北(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)單(dan)于(yu)知道耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)已身陷絕境，定要讓他(ta)投(tou)降(jiang)，便派使者(zhe)去招(zhao)降(jiang)耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)說：“你如果(guo)投(tou)降(jiang)，單(dan)于(yu)就封你做白屋王(wang)，給你女子為(wei)妻。”耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)引誘使者(zhe)登(deng)城，親手將他(ta)殺死(si)，在城頭用火炙烤北(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)使者(zhe)尸體。北(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)單(dan)于(yu)大為(wei)憤怒，又(you)增派援(yuan)(yuan)兵(bing)(bing)圍(wei)困(kun)耿(geng)(geng)(geng)恭(gong)，但仍不能攻(gong)破(po)城池(chi)。當時，關寵上書朝廷(ting)請求救(jiu)援(yuan)(yuan)，漢章帝(di)采(cai)納司徒鮑昱(yu)的(de)建議，派征(zheng)西將軍耿(geng)(geng)(geng)秉屯(tun)守酒(jiu)泉(quan)，派酒(jiu)泉(quan)太(tai)守秦彭(peng)（一(yi)作段(duan)彭(peng)）、謁者(zhe)王(wang)蒙、皇甫援(yuan)(yuan)征(zheng)發張掖、酒(jiu)泉(quan)、敦煌三郡以(yi)(yi)及鄯(shan)善部隊，共七千多人(ren)，前往救(jiu)援(yuan)(yuan)。

建初元年(nian)（76年(nian)）正月，秦彭等人率軍在柳中集結，進擊車師(shi)(shi)，攻打交(jiao)河城，斬殺三(san)千(qian)(qian)八百人，俘虜三(san)千(qian)(qian)余人。北匈(xiong)奴驚(jing)慌(huang)而逃(tao)，車師(shi)(shi)再(zai)度投降東漢。

這(zhe)時，關(guan)寵已經(jing)(jing)去(qu)世(shi)，王蒙(meng)等人(ren)(ren)打(da)算引(yin)兵(bing)(bing)東歸。耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)一位(wei)軍(jun)吏(li)范羌(qiang)當(dang)時正在王蒙(meng)軍(jun)中(zhong)，他堅持要求(qiu)去(qu)援救耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)。將領們(men)不敢前(qian)往，便(bian)(bian)分出(chu)兩千救兵(bing)(bing)交給范羌(qiang)。范羌(qiang)經(jing)(jing)由(you)山北之(zhi)路去(qu)接耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)，途中(zhong)曾遇到(dao)(dao)一丈多深的(de)積雪。援軍(jun)精疲力(li)盡(jin)，僅能勉強(qiang)到(dao)(dao)達(da)。耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)等人(ren)(ren)夜(ye)間在城(cheng)中(zhong)聽到(dao)(dao)兵(bing)(bing)馬之(zhi)聲，以(yi)(yi)為北匈奴(nu)來了(le)援軍(jun)，大為震驚(jing)。范羌(qiang)從遠處(chu)喊道：“我是范羌(qiang)。朝廷派(pai)部隊迎接校尉了(le)！”城(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)人(ren)(ren)齊呼萬歲。于是打(da)開城(cheng)門，眾(zhong)人(ren)(ren)互相擁抱，痛(tong)哭流涕。次日，他們(men)便(bian)(bian)同(tong)救兵(bing)(bing)一道返(fan)回。北匈奴(nu)派(pai)兵(bing)(bing)追擊，漢(han)軍(jun)邊戰邊走。官兵(bing)(bing)饑餓已久，從疏勒城(cheng)出(chu)發(fa)時，還有二(er)十(shi)(shi)六人(ren)(ren)，沿途不斷死亡，到(dao)(dao)三(san)月抵達(da)玉門時，只剩下了(le)十(shi)(shi)三(san)人(ren)(ren)。這(zhe)十(shi)(shi)三(san)人(ren)(ren)衣(yi)衫襤褸(lv)，鞋履洞穿，面(mian)容憔悴，形銷(xiao)骨立(li)。中(zhong)郎將鄭眾(zhong)為耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)及其(qi)部下安排洗浴，更換衣(yi)帽。并上(shang)書朝廷說(shuo)：“耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)微弱的(de)兵(bing)(bing)力(li)固守(shou)孤城(cheng)，抵抗匈奴(nu)數(shu)萬大軍(jun)，經(jing)(jing)年累月，耗(hao)盡(jin)了(le)全(quan)部心(xin)力(li)，鑿(zao)山打(da)井，煮(zhu)食(shi)弓弩，先(xian)后(hou)殺傷敵人(ren)(ren)數(shu)以(yi)(yi)千計，忠勇俱全(quan)，沒有使漢(han)朝蒙(meng)羞。應(ying)(ying)當(dang)賜給他榮(rong)耀的(de)官爵，以(yi)(yi)激(ji)勵將帥。”耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)到(dao)(dao)達(da)洛(luo)陽后(hou)，鮑昱上(shang)奏稱(cheng)耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)節操超(chao)過(guo)蘇武，應(ying)(ying)當(dang)封爵受賞。于是任命耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)為騎都尉，任命耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)司馬石修(xiu)為洛(luo)陽市丞，張封為雍(yong)營(ying)司馬，軍(jun)吏(li)范羌(qiang)為共縣丞，剩下九人(ren)(ren)都授予羽(yu)林之(zhi)職。耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)母親在此之(zhi)前(qian)就已去(qu)世(shi)，等耿(geng)(geng)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)回來，補行喪禮，漢(han)章(zhang)帝下詔派(pai)五(wu)宮中(zhong)郎將饋贈牛和酒解除(chu)喪服。

獲罪免官

建初(chu)二年（77年），耿恭(gong)(gong)升任長水校尉。同年八月，金城(cheng)和(he)隴西的羌(qiang)(qiang)人(ren)反(fan)叛(pan)。耿恭(gong)(gong)上書(shu)談論對(dui)付羌(qiang)(qiang)人(ren)的策略(lve)，漢章帝召耿恭(gong)(gong)進宮詢(xun)問(wen)詳情。漢章帝于(yu)是派代(dai)理車(che)騎將軍(jun)馬防(fang)和(he)耿恭(gong)(gong)率(lv)領(ling)北軍(jun)的越騎、屯騎、步兵、長水、射(she)聲等五(wu)校兵以及各郡的弓(gong)弩(nu)射(she)手，共三萬人(ren)，討伐羌(qiang)(qiang)人(ren)。耿恭(gong)(gong)屯守枹罕，屢次和(he)羌(qiang)(qiang)人(ren)交戰。

建(jian)初三年（78年）秋天（《資治通鑒》作正月），馬防(fang)(fang)進攻(gong)羌人(ren)燒當部(bu)(bu)(bu)落首領布橋，布橋大敗，率(lv)領部(bu)(bu)(bu)眾一萬(wan)余人(ren)投降(jiang)(jiang)。漢章帝下詔(zhao)，命令(ling)馬防(fang)(fang)回朝。耿(geng)(geng)恭留(liu)下來攻(gong)打各處沒(mei)有投降(jiang)(jiang)的(de)羌人(ren)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落，斬殺、俘虜(lu)一千多人(ren)。于(yu)是，羌人(ren)勒姐部(bu)(bu)(bu)落、燒何(he)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落等十(shi)三個部(bu)(bu)(bu)落共數(shu)萬(wan)羌人(ren)，全部(bu)(bu)(bu)向耿(geng)(geng)恭投降(jiang)(jiang)。耿(geng)(geng)恭曾(ceng)因上書(shu)奏事冒犯過馬防(fang)(fang)，監軍謁者便秉承(cheng)馬防(fang)(fang)的(de)意思(si)，彈劾(he)耿(geng)(geng)恭不留(liu)意軍事，接受(shou)詔(zhao)書(shu)時心(xin)懷不滿(man)。耿(geng)(geng)恭因此(ci)獲(huo)罪而被(bei)召回朝廷，逮(dai)捕(bu)入獄，并(bing)罷(ba)免其官職遣送(song)原籍，耿(geng)(geng)恭最(zui)終老死家中。

人物評價

鄭眾：“恭之節義(yi)，古今未有(you)。”

鮑昱：“恭節過(guo)蘇武”

范曄(ye)《后(hou)漢書(shu)》：①“慷慨多大略，有將帥才。”；②“后(hou)覽耿恭疏(shu)勒之(zhi)事，喟然不覺涕之(zhi)無從。”

杜(du)(du)牧：“周有(you)(you)齊太(tai)公，秦(qin)有(you)(you)王(wang)翦(jian)，兩漢有(you)(you)韓信、趙充國(guo)、耿恭、虞詡(xu)、段颎(jiong)，魏有(you)(you)司馬(ma)懿，吳有(you)(you)周瑜，蜀(shu)有(you)(you)諸葛武侯(hou)，晉有(you)(you)羊祜、杜(du)(du)公元(yuan)(yuan)凱，梁有(you)(you)韋(wei)睿，元(yuan)(yuan)魏有(you)(you)崔浩，周有(you)(you)韋(wei)孝寬，隋(sui)有(you)(you)楊素，國(guo)朝有(you)(you)李靖、李勣、裴行儉、郭(guo)元(yuan)(yuan)振。如此人(ren)者，當此一時，其所出計畫，皆考古校今，奇秘長遠(yuan)，策先定(ding)於(wu)內，功后成(cheng)於(wu)外。”

《十(shi)七史百將傳(chuan)》：“孫子曰：‘兵以詐(zha)立(li)。’恭以毒藥傅矢，而謂漢家箭神(shen)。又(you)曰：‘出其(qi)不(bu)意(yi)。’恭揚(yang)水(shui)以示虜而圍解是(shi)也。”

黃道周《廣名將傳》：“恭為(wei)司(si)馬，破降車師。初(chu)置(zhi)校尉，以(yi)恭為(wei)之。示漢(han)威德(de)，降及昆彌。匈奴爭國(guo)，攻城甚危(wei)。毒(du)箭射中，以(yi)為(wei)神奇。既(ji)解復至，據水(shui)絕(jue)資。笮糞解渴，死(si)亡莫(mo)辭。耿恭拜天，清泉忽(hu)滋。揚水(shui)示敵，敵方(fang)(fang)解圍。招降不降，殺使陳尸。怒(nu)而圍城，食盡煮皮。范姜力救(jiu)，方(fang)(fang)得迎歸。歸受(shou)一命(ming)，忤(wu)人復追。忠烈苦節，真不可為(wei)。”

其他信息

耿恭拜井

永平十八年（75年），北匈(xiong)奴(nu)在(zai)疏(shu)勒城（今新疆昌吉回族自(zi)治州奇臺縣(xian)城南(nan)64公里處的(de)半截溝鎮麻溝梁村）攻打耿(geng)恭(gong)(gong)，并(bing)堵(du)絕漢(han)(han)軍的(de)水源。耿(geng)恭(gong)(gong)在(zai)城中(zhong)掘井十五(wu)丈，仍然沒有出水。官兵(bing)焦渴(ke)困乏，甚至擠(ji)榨馬糞汁來飲(yin)用(yong)。耿(geng)恭(gong)(gong)仰頭嘆息說(shuo)：“聽說(shuo)從(cong)前貳師將軍李(li)廣利拔佩刀刺山，飛(fei)泉從(cong)山中(zhong)噴出；如今漢(han)(han)室恩德神(shen)(shen)圣，怎么可能走投無路呢？”于(yu)是整理衣服向井拜了兩拜，替將士祈禱。過(guo)了一會(hui)兒，水柱(zhu)噴出，眾(zhong)人齊(qi)呼萬歲。耿(geng)恭(gong)(gong)命人在(zai)城上潑水給北匈(xiong)奴(nu)人看。北匈(xiong)奴(nu)人感到意外，以為有神(shen)(shen)明在(zai)幫助漢(han)(han)軍，于(yu)是領兵(bing)撤(che)退(tui)。象棋的(de)“耿(geng)恭(gong)(gong)拜井”，即來源于(yu)此。