三十六行:是舊時對各行(xing)各業的通稱,也是中國(guo)唐(tang)代(dai)社會(hui)主要(yao)行(xing)業的統稱,反(fan)映當時社會(hui)行(xing)業的分工。
出自清(qing)·李漁《玉(yu)搔頭》:“三(san)十六行(xing),行(xing)行(xing)相(xiang)妒(du)。”
三十六行分別指:肉肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、宮粉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、成衣行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、玉石(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球寶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、絲綢行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、米(mi)(mi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、首飾行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、紙行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、海(hai)味行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鮮魚行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、文房用具行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、茶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、竹(zhu)木(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、酒米(mi)(mi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鐵器行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、顧繡行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、針線行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、湯店行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、藥(yao)肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、扎作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、仵作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、巫行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、驛傳行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、陶土行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、棺(guan)木(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、皮(pi)革行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、故舊行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、醬(jiang)料行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柴(chai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。網罟(gu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、花(hua)紗行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、雜耍行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、彩(cai)興(xing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鼓樂行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和花(hua)果行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
三十六行行行出狀元:比喻不論干哪一行,只要熱(re)愛(ai)本職(zhi)工(gong)作,都能做出優(you)異的成績。
在(zai)(zai)宋朝的時(shi)候(hou),有(you)個(ge)叫葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清的人(ren)被點(dian)(dian)為狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清騎著高頭大馬,得(de)意洋洋地(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)街上走著。來(lai)到一(yi)(yi)個(ge)路口(kou)(kou)(kou)時(shi),只見一(yi)(yi)個(ge)樵夫不(bu)避不(bu)讓,照舊往前走,衙役們高喊讓道(dao),樵夫才(cai)停在(zai)(zai)路口(kou)(kou)(kou)說(shuo):“新科狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)什(shen)么(me)(me)了(le)(le)不(bu)起(qi)!如果我(wo)小時(shi)候(hou)能夠上學,現在(zai)(zai)也(ye)是一(yi)(yi)個(ge)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)!”葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清聞言大怒,喝道(dao):“山村匹夫,如此不(bu)自量力!還是老(lao)老(lao)實實砍(kan)(kan)你的柴(chai)去(qu)吧,樵夫不(bu)以為然地(di)(di)說(shuo):“天(tian)下學問(wen)多的是,就(jiu)說(shuo)砍(kan)(kan)柴(chai)吧,我(wo)想怎么(me)(me)砍(kan)(kan)就(jiu)怎么(me)(me)砍(kan)(kan),你能嗎?”狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)信。椎夫拿過(guo)一(yi)(yi)塊方木(mu),在(zai)(zai)上面畫(hua)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)條線,舉起(qi)斧頭往下一(yi)(yi)劈(pi),正巧沿線劈(pi)開(kai)了(le)(le)木(mu)頭,這時(shi),又走過(guo)來(lai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)賣油(you)翁(weng),嚷著說(shuo):“這有(you)什(shen)么(me)(me)了(le)(le)不(bu)起(qi),如果我(wo)是樵夫,我(wo)也(ye)能這樣(yang)!”葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清一(yi)(yi)聽,就(jiu)說(shuo):“好!我(wo)買你一(yi)(yi)斤九兩(liang)(liang)油(you),但得(de)用手倒。”賣油(you)翁(weng)哈哈大笑,合出一(yi)(yi)個(ge)小瓶(ping),又在(zai)(zai)瓶(ping)口(kou)(kou)(kou)放(fang)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)銅板,拿起(qi)油(you)桶便倒。只見油(you)如同一(yi)(yi)根線一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)落入(ru)錢眼中,稱(cheng)一(yi)(yi)稱(cheng),一(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)不(bu)差。狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)看了(le)(le)兩(liang)(liang)人(ren)的表演,嘆(tan)了(le)(le)口(kou)(kou)(kou)氣說(shuo):“真是三十六行(xing),行(xing)行(xing)出狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)啊!”
后來,人們又把三十六(liu)行改為三百(bai)(bai)六(liu)十行,就(jiu)成了我們現(xian)在說的“三百(bai)(bai)六(liu)十行,行行出狀元(yuan)”了。