三十六行:是(shi)舊(jiu)時對各行(xing)各業(ye)的(de)通稱,也是(shi)中國唐代(dai)社會(hui)主要行(xing)業(ye)的(de)統稱,反映當時社會(hui)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)分工。
出(chu)自清·李漁《玉搔頭》:“三十(shi)六行,行行相妒(du)。”
三十六行分別指:肉(rou)肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)、宮粉行(xing)(xing)(xing)、成(cheng)衣行(xing)(xing)(xing)、玉石(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、球寶行(xing)(xing)(xing)、絲綢行(xing)(xing)(xing)、米行(xing)(xing)(xing)、首飾行(xing)(xing)(xing)、紙行(xing)(xing)(xing)、海味(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、鮮魚行(xing)(xing)(xing)、文房用具(ju)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、茶行(xing)(xing)(xing)、竹木行(xing)(xing)(xing)、酒米行(xing)(xing)(xing)、鐵器行(xing)(xing)(xing)、顧(gu)繡(xiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、針線行(xing)(xing)(xing)、湯店行(xing)(xing)(xing)、藥肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)、扎作行(xing)(xing)(xing)、仵作行(xing)(xing)(xing)、巫行(xing)(xing)(xing)、驛傳行(xing)(xing)(xing)、陶(tao)土行(xing)(xing)(xing)、棺木行(xing)(xing)(xing)、皮革行(xing)(xing)(xing)、故舊行(xing)(xing)(xing)、醬料行(xing)(xing)(xing)、柴行(xing)(xing)(xing)。網罟行(xing)(xing)(xing)、花紗(sha)行(xing)(xing)(xing)、雜耍行(xing)(xing)(xing)、彩興行(xing)(xing)(xing)、鼓樂行(xing)(xing)(xing)和花果行(xing)(xing)(xing)。
三十六行行行出狀元:比喻不論(lun)干哪一行,只要熱愛本職工作(zuo),都能做出(chu)優異的(de)成(cheng)績。
在(zai)宋(song)朝的(de)時候(hou),有個(ge)叫葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)清(qing)(qing)的(de)人被點(dian)為狀(zhuang)元(yuan),葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)清(qing)(qing)騎著(zhu)高頭大馬,得(de)意洋(yang)洋(yang)地在(zai)街上(shang)走著(zhu)。來到(dao)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)路口時,只見(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)樵(qiao)夫不(bu)(bu)(bu)避不(bu)(bu)(bu)讓(rang),照舊往前走,衙役們高喊讓(rang)道,樵(qiao)夫才停(ting)在(zai)路口說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“新科狀(zhuang)元(yuan)有什么(me)(me)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)!如(ru)果(guo)我(wo)小時候(hou)能(neng)夠上(shang)學,現在(zai)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)!”葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)清(qing)(qing)聞(wen)言大怒,喝道:“山村(cun)匹(pi)夫,如(ru)此不(bu)(bu)(bu)自量力!還是(shi)老老實實砍(kan)(kan)你的(de)柴去吧,樵(qiao)夫不(bu)(bu)(bu)以為然地說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“天下(xia)學問(wen)多的(de)是(shi),就說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)砍(kan)(kan)柴吧,我(wo)想怎(zen)么(me)(me)砍(kan)(kan)就怎(zen)么(me)(me)砍(kan)(kan),你能(neng)嗎?”狀(zhuang)元(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)信。椎夫拿(na)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)塊方木,在(zai)上(shang)面(mian)畫了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)條線(xian),舉起(qi)斧頭往下(xia)一(yi)(yi)劈,正巧(qiao)沿線(xian)劈開了(le)(le)木頭,這(zhe)時,又走過(guo)(guo)來一(yi)(yi)個(ge)賣油(you)(you)翁,嚷著(zhu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“這(zhe)有什么(me)(me)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi),如(ru)果(guo)我(wo)是(shi)樵(qiao)夫,我(wo)也(ye)(ye)能(neng)這(zhe)樣!”葉(xie)(xie)元(yuan)清(qing)(qing)一(yi)(yi)聽,就說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“好!我(wo)買你一(yi)(yi)斤九兩油(you)(you),但得(de)用(yong)手倒。”賣油(you)(you)翁哈(ha)哈(ha)大笑,合(he)出一(yi)(yi)個(ge)小瓶,又在(zai)瓶口放了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)銅板,拿(na)起(qi)油(you)(you)桶便倒。只見(jian)(jian)油(you)(you)如(ru)同一(yi)(yi)根線(xian)一(yi)(yi)樣落入(ru)錢眼(yan)中,稱(cheng)一(yi)(yi)稱(cheng),一(yi)(yi)點(dian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)差。狀(zhuang)元(yuan)看了(le)(le)兩人的(de)表演,嘆了(le)(le)口氣說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“真(zhen)是(shi)三(san)十六行(xing)(xing),行(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)出狀(zhuang)元(yuan)啊!”
后(hou)來(lai),人們(men)又把三十(shi)六行(xing)改(gai)為(wei)三百(bai)六十(shi)行(xing),就成了我們(men)現(xian)在說的“三百(bai)六十(shi)行(xing),行(xing)行(xing)出(chu)狀元”了。