三十六行:是舊時對各行各業的通稱,也是中國唐代社會主要行業的統稱,反(fan)映(ying)當時社會行業的分工。
出自清·李漁《玉搔頭》:“三十六行(xing)(xing),行(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)相(xiang)妒。”
三十六行分別指:肉(rou)肆(si)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、宮(gong)粉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、成衣行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、玉(yu)石行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球寶(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、絲綢行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、米(mi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、首飾行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、紙行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、海(hai)味行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鮮魚行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、文房用(yong)具行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、茶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、竹木行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、酒米(mi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鐵(tie)器行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、顧繡行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、針線行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、湯店行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、藥肆(si)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、扎作行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、仵作行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、巫行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、驛傳行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、陶土行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、棺木行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、皮革(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、故舊行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、醬料(liao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柴行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。網罟行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、花紗(sha)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、雜(za)耍行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、彩興行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鼓樂行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)花果(guo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
三十六行行行出狀元:比喻不(bu)論干哪一行,只(zhi)要熱愛本(ben)職工(gong)作,都能做出(chu)優異的(de)成(cheng)績(ji)。
在(zai)(zai)宋朝的(de)時(shi)候(hou),有(you)(you)個(ge)(ge)叫葉(xie)(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清的(de)人被(bei)點(dian)為狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清騎著(zhu)高(gao)(gao)頭大馬,得意洋洋地在(zai)(zai)街上走(zou)著(zhu)。來到一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)路口時(shi),只(zhi)見(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)樵(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)避不(bu)(bu)讓(rang)(rang),照舊往前走(zou),衙役們(men)高(gao)(gao)喊讓(rang)(rang)道(dao),樵(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu)才停在(zai)(zai)路口說(shuo):“新科狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)什么了(le)不(bu)(bu)起!如(ru)(ru)果我(wo)小時(shi)候(hou)能(neng)夠上學(xue),現(xian)在(zai)(zai)也是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)!”葉(xie)(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清聞言大怒,喝道(dao):“山村匹夫(fu),如(ru)(ru)此不(bu)(bu)自量(liang)力(li)!還是(shi)(shi)老老實實砍你(ni)的(de)柴(chai)去吧,樵(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)以為然(ran)地說(shuo):“天下學(xue)問多的(de)是(shi)(shi),就(jiu)(jiu)說(shuo)砍柴(chai)吧,我(wo)想怎(zen)么砍就(jiu)(jiu)怎(zen)么砍,你(ni)能(neng)嗎(ma)?”狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)信。椎夫(fu)拿過(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊方木(mu),在(zai)(zai)上面畫了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條線(xian),舉起斧頭往下一(yi)(yi)(yi)劈,正巧沿線(xian)劈開了(le)木(mu)頭,這時(shi),又走(zou)過(guo)來一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)賣油翁(weng),嚷著(zhu)說(shuo):“這有(you)(you)什么了(le)不(bu)(bu)起,如(ru)(ru)果我(wo)是(shi)(shi)樵(qiao)(qiao)夫(fu),我(wo)也能(neng)這樣!”葉(xie)(xie)(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽,就(jiu)(jiu)說(shuo):“好!我(wo)買你(ni)一(yi)(yi)(yi)斤九兩(liang)油,但得用手(shou)倒。”賣油翁(weng)哈哈大笑,合(he)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)小瓶(ping),又在(zai)(zai)瓶(ping)口放了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)銅(tong)板,拿起油桶便倒。只(zhi)見(jian)油如(ru)(ru)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)根線(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣落入錢(qian)眼中,稱(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)稱(cheng)(cheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)不(bu)(bu)差。狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)看了(le)兩(liang)人的(de)表演,嘆了(le)口氣說(shuo):“真是(shi)(shi)三十(shi)六行(xing),行(xing)行(xing)出(chu)狀元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)啊!”
后來,人們(men)又把三十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)改(gai)為三百(bai)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing),就成(cheng)了(le)我們(men)現在說的“三百(bai)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing),行(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)出狀(zhuang)元(yuan)”了(le)。