三十六行:是舊時對各行各業(ye)的通稱,也是中國唐代社會(hui)主要行業(ye)的統稱,反映當(dang)時社會(hui)行業(ye)的分工(gong)。
出自(zi)清(qing)·李漁《玉搔頭》:“三(san)十六行,行行相妒。”
三十六行分別指:肉肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、宮粉行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、成衣行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、玉石行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球寶(bao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、絲綢(chou)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、米行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、首飾行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、紙行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、海味(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鮮(xian)魚行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、文(wen)房用(yong)具行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、茶行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、竹木(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、酒米行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鐵(tie)器行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、顧繡行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、針線(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、湯店行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、藥肆行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、扎作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、仵作(zuo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、巫行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、驛傳行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、陶土行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、棺木(mu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、皮革行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、故(gu)舊行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、醬(jiang)料行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柴行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。網罟行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、花紗行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、雜耍(shua)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、彩興行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鼓樂(le)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)花果行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
三十六行行行出狀元:比喻不(bu)論(lun)干哪一行(xing),只要熱愛(ai)本職工作,都(dou)能做出優異(yi)的(de)成績。
在(zai)(zai)宋朝的(de)(de)時候,有個(ge)(ge)(ge)叫葉(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)的(de)(de)人被點為(wei)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan),葉(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)騎(qi)著(zhu)高頭大(da)馬(ma),得(de)意洋洋地在(zai)(zai)街上走(zou)著(zhu)。來到一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)路口時,只見一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)樵(qiao)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)避不(bu)(bu)(bu)讓(rang),照舊往(wang)前走(zou),衙役們高喊讓(rang)道,樵(qiao)夫(fu)才停在(zai)(zai)路口說(shuo)(shuo):“新科(ke)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)有什(shen)么(me)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)(qi)(qi)!如(ru)(ru)果我(wo)小時候能夠(gou)上學,現在(zai)(zai)也(ye)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)!”葉(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)聞言大(da)怒,喝道:“山村匹夫(fu),如(ru)(ru)此不(bu)(bu)(bu)自量力!還是(shi)老老實(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)砍你(ni)的(de)(de)柴(chai)去吧,樵(qiao)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)為(wei)然(ran)地說(shuo)(shuo):“天下學問多的(de)(de)是(shi),就說(shuo)(shuo)砍柴(chai)吧,我(wo)想(xiang)怎么(me)砍就怎么(me)砍,你(ni)能嗎?”狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin)。椎夫(fu)拿過一(yi)塊方木,在(zai)(zai)上面畫了(le)(le)一(yi)條線(xian),舉起(qi)(qi)(qi)斧頭往(wang)下一(yi)劈(pi),正(zheng)巧(qiao)沿線(xian)劈(pi)開了(le)(le)木頭,這時,又走(zou)過來一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)賣(mai)油(you)翁,嚷著(zhu)說(shuo)(shuo):“這有什(shen)么(me)了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)(qi)(qi),如(ru)(ru)果我(wo)是(shi)樵(qiao)夫(fu),我(wo)也(ye)能這樣!”葉(xie)元(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)一(yi)聽(ting),就說(shuo)(shuo):“好!我(wo)買(mai)你(ni)一(yi)斤(jin)九兩(liang)油(you),但(dan)得(de)用手倒(dao)。”賣(mai)油(you)翁哈(ha)哈(ha)大(da)笑,合出一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)小瓶,又在(zai)(zai)瓶口放了(le)(le)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)銅板,拿起(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)桶便(bian)倒(dao)。只見油(you)如(ru)(ru)同一(yi)根線(xian)一(yi)樣落(luo)入錢眼(yan)中,稱一(yi)稱,一(yi)點不(bu)(bu)(bu)差。狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)看了(le)(le)兩(liang)人的(de)(de)表演,嘆了(le)(le)口氣說(shuo)(shuo):“真是(shi)三十六行(xing),行(xing)行(xing)出狀(zhuang)元(yuan)(yuan)啊(a)!”
后來,人們又把三十六(liu)行改為(wei)三百六(liu)十行,就成了我們現在(zai)說的“三百六(liu)十行,行行出狀元”了。