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地域產地

土壤地貌

通(tong)山(shan)地(di)(di)貌(mao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“八山(shan)一水(shui)一分田”，大致(zhi)呈(cheng)西南高(gao)、東低的不規則狀況(kuang)，平均(jun)海拔為(wei)(wei)(wei)400米—900米之(zhi)間(jian)。九宮(gong)(gong)山(shan)茶區立(li)地(di)(di)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)區和低山(shan)丘陵地(di)(di)域。主要(yao)伴生植物(wu)有馬尾松、翠柏、杉(shan)類、楓類、櫟、紅(hong)豆杉(shan)、香框、紅(hong)木、銀杏等林(lin)木以及厚樸、杜仲(zhong)、黃連、百合、桔(jie)梗、黃金、貝母等野生藥用(yong)植物(wu)，森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)76.8%。九宮(gong)(gong)山(shan)茶種植境內土(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)風化石砂(sha)質黃棕壤(rang)，土(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)力中等。土(tu)壤(rang)有機質平均(jun)含(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5.31%，全氮含(han)(han)量(liang)0.12%，速(su)效(xiao)磷含(han)(han)量(liang)16—21毫克(ke)/千克(ke),速(su)效(xiao)鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)100—130毫克(ke)/千克(ke)，土(tu)壤(rang)pH4.5—5.5之(zhi)間(jian)。這(zhe)些(xie)高(gao)山(shan)二高(gao)山(shan)地(di)(di)帶生態(tai)優良，植被(bei)多樣(yang)，雨(yu)量(liang)充沛(pei)，溫暖(nuan)濕潤，朝夕云霧繚(liao)繞(rao)，砂(sha)頁巖母質發育(yu)的酸性(xing)紅(hong)黃壤(rang)，礦質元素及速(su)效(xiao)鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)豐富，為(wei)(wei)(wei)造就九宮(gong)(gong)山(shan)茶獨特品質的優越(yue)生態(tai)自(zi)然條件。

水文情況

富水河(he)位于長(chang)江(jiang)中游南(nan)岸，發(fa)源(yuan)于通山與(yu)江(jiang)西省武(wu)寧縣交界的(de)幕埠山脈八底(di)洞。由(you)西南(nan)向東北(bei)流經通山縣，出富池口注入長(chang)江(jiang)。

氣候情況

通山縣屬中(zhong)亞熱(re)帶季風溫(wen)暖濕潤(run)氣候區，光照充足(zu)，熱(re)量(liang)豐富。年平(ping)(ping)均日照時數(shu)1962.3小時。年平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)度(du)為17.2°C，≥10°C的活動積溫(wen)4386.3°C，全年無霜(shuang)期248天，晝夜溫(wen)差大。年平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)為1829.3毫米(mi)，年平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)雨(yu)天數(shu)為161.5天，平(ping)(ping)均蒸發量(liang)為1389.6毫米(mi)，年平(ping)(ping)均相對濕度(du)為82%。

品質特點

外在感官特征

九宮山茶因制(zhi)作加工工藝不同，產品可(ke)分(fen)為扁(bian)形茶與條(tiao)形茶。扁(bian)形茶其品質外形扁(bian)平挺直，嫩綠(lv)隱毫湯色(se)(se)綠(lv)亮，香氣持久，滋味(wei)鮮醇(chun)(chun)回甘，葉(xie)底(di)嫩綠(lv)明亮。條(tiao)形茶其品質條(tiao)索緊結重實，色(se)(se)澤油潤，栗(li)香持久，滋味(wei)醇(chun)(chun)厚，葉(xie)底(di)綠(lv)亮，清香四溢，耐沖泡。

生長環境

地域保護范圍

九宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)茶的生產(chan)地為湖北省通山(shan)(shan)縣廈(sha)鋪鎮、闖王(wang)鎮、九宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)鎮、楊芳林鄉、洪港鎮等五(wu)個鄉鎮，地處鄂南地區幕阜山(shan)(shan)脈中(zhong)段九宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)及周邊(bian)群(qun)山(shan)(shan)，地理(li)坐(zuo)標東(dong)經114?15′—114?58′，北緯29?19′—29?33′。

質量技術要求

質(zhi)量控制技術規范編號：AGI2020-01-2564

安全要求

九宮山茶產(chan)品(pin)質量安全規定按照(zhao)《綠色食品(pin) 茶葉》NY/T288的規定執(zhi)行。

特定生產方式

1、園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)：良(liang)好(hao)的土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環境條件和(he)肥(fei)力是茶(cha)樹立(li)(li)地(di)之本，是茶(cha)葉優質(zhi)(zhi)高產(chan)的基礎。九宮山茶(cha)產(chan)地(di)一般選(xuan)擇(ze)遠離城鎮(zhen)、工廠、污(wu)染源的丘陵(ling)地(di)帶(dai)，以(yi)利于(yu)防止(zhi)灰塵、廢(fei)水、廢(fei)氣(qi)以(yi)及人類農(nong)事活動給茶(cha)葉帶(dai)來污(wu)染。茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)四周有(you)樹林(lin)環抱的更好(hao)，有(you)利于(yu)提高茶(cha)葉自然品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)。茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)求土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)深厚(hou)（60—80厘米）肥(fei)沃，養分含(han)量(liang)(liang)豐富而且平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)較高，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)偏(pian)酸性(xing)（pH值4.5—5.5），土(tu)體疏松，通透性(xing)良(liang)好(hao)，不積水。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)砷(shen)、汞(gong)、鎘、鉻、銅等有(you)害重金屬含(han)量(liang)(liang)必須低(di)于(yu)國家綠色(se)食(shi)品(pin)茶(cha)生(sheng)產(chan)加(jia)工技術(shu)規(gui)定(ding)的標準。茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)集中(zhong)連片，要(yao)有(you)一定(ding)的規(gui)模(mo)。在(zai)有(you)利于(yu)保護和(he)改善茶(cha)區生(sheng)態(tai)環境、維護茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)、便于(yu)茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)灌溉和(he)機(ji)械化作業的地(di)方(fang)建立(li)(li)茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)最為理想。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環境、水質(zhi)(zhi)、大氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等按(an)照《NY/T391綠色(se)食(shi)品(pin)產(chan)地(di)環境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)》的規(gui)定(ding)執行。

2、茶樹品種(zhong)(zhong)：主要品種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)當地群體種(zhong)(zhong)及近年引(yin)進的鄂(e)茶系列品種(zhong)(zhong)，如：鄂(e)茶8、五峰212等無性系茶樹良種(zhong)(zhong)。

3、茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)移(yi)栽(zai)：茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)移(yi)栽(zai)最佳季節(jie)的(de)選(xuan)擇，應因地(di)制(zhi)宜，一般選(xuan)擇在春(chun)節(jie)前后，最遲(chi)不(bu)超過二(er)月(yue)(yue)份，特別是早(zao)芽種(zhong)。在雨(yu)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)布均(jun)勻，又有(you)灌(guan)溉條件的(de)地(di)區可(ke)選(xuan)擇在10月(yue)(yue)—11月(yue)(yue)上旬移(yi)栽(zai)，因秋季移(yi)栽(zai)，茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)經(jing)一個多(duo)月(yue)(yue)護理(li)后即可(ke)萌發(fa)(fa)新(xin)(xin)根(gen)(gen)(gen)，次(ci)年三月(yue)(yue)初就可(ke)以萌發(fa)(fa)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)，比二(er)月(yue)(yue)份移(yi)栽(zai)的(de)茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)要多(duo)發(fa)(fa)一輪新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)。移(yi)栽(zai)茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)多(duo)采用開(kai)溝(gou)或(huo)開(kai)穴種(zhong)植法，開(kai)穴深寬一般為12厘(li)米(mi)×20厘(li)米(mi)，穴大有(you)利于(yu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)伸展發(fa)(fa)育(yu)。移(yi)栽(zai)時，先用黃泥(ni)漿(jiang)蘸(zhan)茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)部（茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)帶(dai)土(tu)(tu)較多(duo)的(de)可(ke)不(bu)用黃泥(ni)漿(jiang)蘸(zhan)根(gen)(gen)(gen)），然(ran)后分(fen)(fen)級把(ba)茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)分(fen)(fen)放在穴中，種(zhong)植茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)頸離(li)土(tu)(tu)表距(ju)離(li)3厘(li)米(mi)左右，根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)離(li)底肥10厘(li)米(mi)以上，一邊分(fen)(fen)發(fa)(fa)一邊種(zhong)植；種(zhong)植時要把(ba)茶(cha)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)舒(shu)展開(kai)，蓋上細(xi)土(tu)(tu)，用手或(huo)用腳將(jiang)土(tu)(tu)壓緊，使茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)和濕土(tu)(tu)接觸良(liang)好(hao)(hao)。檢(jian)查(cha)種(zhong)植質量的(de)辦法是用一定的(de)氣力(li)才能(neng)將(jiang)茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)拔(ba)出(chu)來而且有(you)少量土(tu)(tu)帶(dai)出(chu)地(di)面，則茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)就算種(zhong)好(hao)(hao)了。如果(guo)不(bu)用氣力(li)能(neng)輕輕將(jiang)茶(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)拔(ba)出(chu)來，則沒有(you)種(zhong)好(hao)(hao)，應重新(xin)(xin)壓緊。種(zhong)植后一定要澆足定根(gen)(gen)(gen)水(shui)，然(ran)后在根(gen)(gen)(gen)部四周撒上一層(ceng)細(xi)土(tu)(tu)，有(you)條件的(de)可(ke)以鋪草保濕，減少土(tu)(tu)壤水(shui)分(fen)(fen)蒸發(fa)(fa)。種(zhong)植后視天氣情況每5—7天澆水(shui)1次(ci)，確保全(quan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。

4、茶(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)：茶(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)定(ding)型(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)一般分三(san)次(ci)(ci)完成。第(di)一次(ci)(ci)定(ding)型(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)離(li)(li)(li)地(di)面15厘米(mi)(mi)—20厘米(mi)(mi)處(chu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)去頂芽（茶(cha)苗移栽后進(jin)行(xing)）；第(di)二次(ci)(ci)定(ding)型(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)待茶(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)長到(dao)45—50厘米(mi)(mi)時，離(li)(li)(li)地(di)面30—40厘米(mi)(mi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)去上面枝(zhi)條，并繼續留(liu)養，這時千(qian)萬不能(neng)采(cai)摘；第(di)三(san)次(ci)(ci)定(ding)型(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)當樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)達(da)60—70厘米(mi)(mi)以(yi)上在第(di)2次(ci)(ci)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)口(kou)上提高(gao)(gao)15—20厘米(mi)(mi)或離(li)(li)(li)地(di)面45—50厘米(mi)(mi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)平。茶(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)經過(guo)3次(ci)(ci)定(ding)型(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)后，蓬(peng)面的高(gao)(gao)度(du)和(he)幅(fu)度(du)均達(da)到(dao)一定(ding)的采(cai)摘要(yao)求(qiu)，便可(ke)逐(zhu)步(bu)投入正式采(cai)摘，要(yao)絕對防止過(guo)早采(cai)摘。春(chun)茶(cha)前(qian)期(qi)可(ke)多采(cai)名優(you)茶(cha)、中期(qi)可(ke)適(shi)當提早結束(shu)，在去年的剪(jian)(jian)(jian)口(kou)上再提高(gao)(gao)5—10厘米(mi)(mi)進(jin)行(xing)整形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)，把(ba)蓬(peng)面剪(jian)(jian)(jian)成弧形(xing)，即可(ke)投入正常生產(chan)。輕修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)對于投產(chan)茶(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)來(lai)說，也需要(yao)每年進(jin)行(xing)輕修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)或深修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)，一方面有效控制樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)高(gao)(gao)度(du)，另一方面不斷更新(xin)生產(chan)枝(zhi)，提高(gao)(gao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)面育(yu)芽能(neng)力。同(tong)時，運(yun)用合理采(cai)摘技(ji)術，適(shi)當留(liu)養，合理控制樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)高(gao)(gao)幅(fu)度(du)，只有這樣才能(neng)有助于茶(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)始(shi)終保持(chi)旺盛(sheng)的育(yu)芽能(neng)力，以(yi)后樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)控制在60—80厘米(mi)(mi)之間即可(ke)。

5、土肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管(guan)理：茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)生長好(hao)(hao)壞，茶(cha)(cha)葉產(chan)量品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低與施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)種類、數量密切相關。按(an)照綠色食(shi)品(pin)茶(cha)(cha)生產(chan)技術宜多施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)優、營養成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)完全的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)專用肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，這樣(yang)茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)生長旺盛，產(chan)量高(gao)、品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)(hao)。因此，應堅持合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法，以重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料（符合(he)NY5020用肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)標準）為(wei)主，合(he)理配施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。冬施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)用菜子餅（或花生餅）300千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，或施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豬糞(fen)、雞糞(fen)1000千(qian)克(ke)(ke)、有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50千(qian)克(ke)(ke)、磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，混合(he)拌勻后在樹(shu)冠垂直下(xia)方開(kai)深(shen)溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)蓋土，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時間在秋茶(cha)(cha)剛結束的(de)(de)(de)(de)10—11月(yue)(yue)份前下(xia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)最(zui)(zui)好(hao)(hao)。早(zao)(zao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料在雨水的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia)分(fen)解加快，春茶(cha)(cha)萌(meng)發(fa)前即(ji)可(ke)吸收(shou)利(li)(li)用，有(you)(you)利(li)(li)提高(gao)春茶(cha)(cha)產(chan)量和(he)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)，而施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晚了春茶(cha)(cha)用不(bu)(bu)上(shang)，到夏茶(cha)(cha)才能利(li)(li)用，不(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)春茶(cha)(cha)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)。追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)也一樣(yang)，一定要掌握施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時期，圍繞(rao)春、夏、秋三(san)季茶(cha)(cha)芽(ya)萌(meng)發(fa)前20天左右施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)，2齡(ling)(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園年(nian)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)純(chun)氮(dan)2.5—3.0千(qian)克(ke)(ke)/畝(mu)(mu)，3—4齡(ling)(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園年(nian)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)純(chun)氮(dan)5.0—7.0千(qian)克(ke)(ke)/畝(mu)(mu)，4—5齡(ling)(ling)茶(cha)(cha)園年(nian)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)純(chun)氮(dan)7.5—10千(qian)克(ke)(ke)/畝(mu)(mu)，分(fen)春、夏兩季施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入。成(cheng)(cheng)齡(ling)(ling)采摘茶(cha)(cha)園每(mei)(mei)生產(chan)100千(qian)克(ke)(ke)干茶(cha)(cha)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)12—15千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，分(fen)3次(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入，即(ji)2月(yue)(yue)底3月(yue)(yue)初力爭早(zao)(zao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)催芽(ya)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，5月(yue)(yue)中下(xia)旬追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夏肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，8月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秋肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應開(kai)溝(gou)深(shen)10厘米，將(jiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)蓋土。總之，不(bu)(bu)論(lun)是冬肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，適(shi)當早(zao)(zao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比晚施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效果好(hao)(hao)。適(shi)當多施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，可(ke)提高(gao)土壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力，增加茶(cha)(cha)葉產(chan)量，對(dui)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)，特別是香氣、滋(zi)味的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響最(zui)(zui)明顯(xian)。

6、鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)：鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)是(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)栽培中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)后一(yi)(yi)項技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)，也是(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)第一(yi)(yi)道工(gong)序。鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)為(wei)了(le)從茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)其幼嫩芽(ya)(ya)葉(xie)(xie)以(yi)(yi)供(gong)加(jia)工(gong)，從而(er)獲得(de)較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)價值。因(yin)此，鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞(huai)，不(bu)僅關(guan)系(xi)到當年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，又關(guan)系(xi)到茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)常(chang)年(nian)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)育，鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又是(shi)制茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)原(yuan)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎和(he)(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。九宮山(shan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)加(jia)工(gong)扁形(xing)(xing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)芽(ya)(ya)一(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)初(chu)展(zhan)和(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)芽(ya)(ya)一(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)占(zhan)98%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。加(jia)工(gong)條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)芽(ya)(ya)二(er)葉(xie)(xie)占(zhan)60%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，一(yi)(yi)芽(ya)(ya)三葉(xie)(xie)占(zhan)40%以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)。鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)堅持如下(xia)(xia)三個采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)。堅持采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)結(jie)合原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)，幼齡茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方面(mian)(mian)，必須注意留(liu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，堅持以(yi)(yi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)主(zhu)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)為(wei)輔，保(bao)證(zheng)年(nian)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期內有(you)一(yi)(yi)批新(xin)葉(xie)(xie)子留(liu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠上(shang)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠高(gao)幅度逐(zhu)漸擴(kuo)大(da)。堅持“五(wu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)五(wu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、量(liang)(liang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兼顧”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)：成(cheng)齡茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取以(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)主(zhu)，以(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)面(mian)(mian)為(wei)標(biao)準(zhun)，在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)集中(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)面(mian)(mian)下(xia)(xia)集中(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。即“采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)面(mian)(mian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)底、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)側、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)高(gao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)低、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)密養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)稀、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)大(da)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)小”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)，這種技(ji)(ji)術(shu)由(you)于采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)界限分(fen)(fen)(fen)明，既能保(bao)持樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠上(shang)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)積進(jin)(jin)行光合作用(yong)，為(wei)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)集中(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)提供(gong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)多(duo)發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)增(zeng)加(jia)分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)數，擴(kuo)大(da)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)面(mian)(mian)，從而(er)達到產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)三兼顧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)方法上(shang)，手工(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)要(yao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)清潔、通風(feng)性良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹(zhu)簍盛裝(zhuang)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)應及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)運送茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠，防止(zhi)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變和(he)(he)混入有(you)毒有(you)害物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)求提手采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，不(bu)宜(yi)抓(zhua)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，要(yao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)勻、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)凈(jing)，不(bu)夾(jia)帶(dai)鱗(lin)片、魚(yu)葉(xie)(xie)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)果與(yu)(yu)老(lao)葉(xie)(xie)，春茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)宜(yi)早采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、嫩采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)多(duo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)檔茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，以(yi)(yi)留(liu)魚(yu)葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)主(zhu)，夏茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)留(liu)一(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，秋茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)適當留(liu)葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)。同時(shi)(shi)，要(yao)注意及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)對夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)，因(yin)為(wei)對夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)沒有(you)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)而(er)留(liu)在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)，不(bu)僅影響茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)，也給茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)育帶(dai)來較多(duo)弊端：（1）對夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)沒有(you)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)來，會抑制和(he)(he)推遲(chi)下(xia)(xia)輪(lun)新(xin)梢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌發(fa)(fa)，減少采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)批數；（2）對夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)所上(shang)空(kong)間位(wei)(wei)置，葉(xie)(xie)片老(lao)化較快、生(sheng)理功能下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，影響光合作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)行，也增(zeng)加(jia)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗；（3）對夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)是(shi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)開花結(jie)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)部位(wei)(wei)，生(sheng)殖性能力很強，又要(yao)消耗大(da)量(liang)(liang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)；（4）對夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)在(zai)(zai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)短(duan)小細(xi)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冗枝(zhi)，冗枝(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)能力很低，不(bu)能形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)翌年(nian)有(you)效生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)枝(zhi)，影響正常(chang)芽(ya)(ya)葉(xie)(xie)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)比例下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)。從上(shang)述(shu)存在(zai)(zai)問題來看，不(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)或少采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)對夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)，不(bu)能代(dai)替留(liu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，也不(bu)能起(qi)到留(liu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。因(yin)此，在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)上(shang)必須強調及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)下(xia)(xia)對夾(jia)葉(xie)(xie)，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)項增(zeng)產(chan)(chan)增(zeng)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)。另外(wai)，有(you)條(tiao)件時(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)機采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)，但采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)機應使用(yong)無鉛汽油和(he)(he)機油，防止(zhi)污染鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)和(he)(he)土壤。堅持以(yi)(yi)市場為(wei)導(dao)向(xiang)、以(yi)(yi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)重點、以(yi)(yi)效益(yi)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)：因(yin)為(wei)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種商品(pin)(pin)(pin)，競爭性強，不(bu)但需(xu)要(yao)數量(liang)(liang)多(duo)，而(er)且需(xu)要(yao)更好(hao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)適銷對路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，投放市場，讓消費者(zhe)喝上(shang)干凈(jing)衛(wei)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“放心(xin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”，市場信譽高(gao)，銷路廣，才會獲得(de)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟效益(yi)。因(yin)此，鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)要(yao)跟著市場走，按照(zhao)加(jia)工(gong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)結(jie)構所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)料(liao)等級標(biao)準(zhun)進(jin)(jin)行采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)，以(yi)(yi)多(duo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)檔茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)原(yuan)料(liao)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)名優茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)其效益(yi)最(zui)好(hao)。

7、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)控：從茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)整個生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統出發，綜合運用(yong)(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)業技術措施(shi)，創(chuang)造不(bu)利于病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等有害生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)孳生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)有利于各(ge)類天敵繁衍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)條件，保護茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)衡(heng)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣性(xing)，將(jiang)有害物(wu)(wu)控制(zhi)在允許的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟閾值以下，將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)藥殘留降(jiang)低到規定標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)。以保證生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)食品符合國(guo)家茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)衛生(sheng)(sheng)質量(liang)指(zhi)標(biao)。（1）農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。綠(lv)色食品茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)應以農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)為主，提高茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)自身(shen)抗(kang)性(xing)，減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)危害。選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)，如(ru)鄂(e)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)8號、五峰(feng)212等品種(zhong)(zhong)。合理(li)密(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙行(xing)雙株(zhu)(zhu)或雙行(xing)單株(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式，畝植(zhi)(zhi)5000—6000株(zhu)(zhu)。適時(shi)修剪(jian)(jian)，成齡茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應根(gen)據不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)勢在茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)季結(jie)束(shu)或春茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)前進行(xing)輕(qing)修剪(jian)(jian)，春茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)進行(xing)重(zhong)修剪(jian)(jian)，并同時(shi)剪(jian)(jian)去枯弱枝(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)和(he)(he)徒長(chang)枝(zhi)。平(ping)衡(heng)施(shi)肥，根(gen)據生(sheng)(sheng)產茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)類和(he)(he)土(tu)壤肥力(li)合理(li)配比氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀三要素比例，保持茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)營養平(ping)衡(heng)，增強抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能(neng)力(li)。中耕除(chu)草，茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)深(shen)翻(fan)除(chu)草，既能(neng)使(shi)有些害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蛹和(he)(he)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)暴露于地表而死亡，又能(neng)減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寄生(sheng)(sheng)場所。分(fen)批多次采(cai)摘(zhai)，此法可(ke)抵制(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)小(xiao)綠(lv)葉(xie)蟬(chan)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蚜(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)，也可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)部分(fen)螨類害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。冬季清(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消毒，茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)季結(jie)束(shu)，將(jiang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以及茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四周的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)落葉(xie)、雜(za)草蒿桿清(qing)理(li)出園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)燒毀或深(shen)埋，同時(shi)噴施(shi)45%晶體石硫合劑封園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，以減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越冬基數，減(jian)輕(qing)來年危害。（2）生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。利用(yong)(yong)天敵昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)致病(bing)(bing)(bing)菌(jun)、農(nong)(nong)用(yong)(yong)抗(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)素及其它生(sheng)(sheng)防(fang)(fang)制(zhi)劑等控制(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)(shu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為害，利于保持生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)平(ping)衡(heng)。（3）普及物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)人工(gong)捕殺，減(jian)輕(qing)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)毛(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蠶、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)麗紋(wen)象(xiang)甲等害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)危害；利用(yong)(yong)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨性(xing)，進行(xing)燈光誘(you)殺、色板誘(you)殺或異性(xing)誘(you)殺。

8、茶(cha)葉(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)：（1）扁形(xing)(xing)茶(cha)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)序 扁形(xing)(xing)茶(cha)在名優(you)茶(cha)中占比例最大(da)，市場容量大(da)。扁形(xing)(xing)茶(cha)制(zhi)(zhi)作工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程為鮮葉(xie)攤(tan)放(fang)（薄攤(tan)6—10小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)）→殺青(qing)(qing)（鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)溫(wen)280oC殺青(qing)(qing)3-5分鐘(zhong)）→冷(leng)卻(que)（風機協助冷(leng)卻(que)）→理條(tiao)（鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)溫(wen)160oC理條(tiao)3—5分鐘(zhong)）→壓扁（鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)溫(wen)120oC5—8分鐘(zhong)）→煇(hui)鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)（鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)溫(wen)120oC—90o炒干(gan)(gan)）→歸(gui)(gui)堆(dui)→裝箱(xiang)等8道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序。使(shi)成茶(cha)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)扁平挺(ting)直，香高持久，滋味濃爽。（2）條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)（炒青(qing)(qing)）茶(cha)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)序 條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)茶(cha)又(you)叫炒青(qing)(qing)綠茶(cha)，制(zhi)(zhi)作工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程為鮮葉(xie)經攤(tan)放(fang)（薄攤(tan)6—10小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)）→殺青(qing)(qing)（鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)溫(wen)380oC殺青(qing)(qing)3—5分鐘(zhong)）→冷(leng)卻(que)（風機協助冷(leng)卻(que)）→揉捻（輕(qing)5分鐘(zhong)重10分鐘(zhong)輕(qing)3分鐘(zhong)重加(jia)壓）→炒二青(qing)(qing)（鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)溫(wen)180oC5—10分鐘(zhong)）→回潮（薄攤(tan)）→炒干(gan)(gan)（鍋(guo)(guo)(guo)溫(wen)90oC左(zuo)右炒干(gan)(gan)）→歸(gui)(gui)堆(dui)裝箱(xiang)等8道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序。使(shi)成茶(cha)條(tiao)索緊結，色澤油潤，湯色嫩(nen)綠明亮(liang)，天(tian)然香氣持久，滋味醇厚，葉(xie)底嫩(nen)勻。

專用標志使用

經審核符合(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)條件的，九(jiu)(jiu)宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)登記證書(shu)(shu)持有人，通山(shan)(shan)縣九(jiu)(jiu)宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)葉(xie)協會(hui)應(ying)按照生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營年(nian)度與標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)申請人簽訂農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)協議(yi)(yi)，在協議(yi)(yi)中(zhong)載明適用(yong)(yong)數量、范圍及相關法律責任和義(yi)務。協議(yi)(yi)有效期為3年(nian)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)協議(yi)(yi)生(sheng)效后，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人方(fang)可在九(jiu)(jiu)宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)或者(zhe)九(jiu)(jiu)宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)包裝上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)可以(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)登記的地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)宣(xuan)傳和參(can)加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示和展(zhan)銷(xiao)活動。印刷農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)當(dang)符合(he)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識設計使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)規范手(shou)冊(ce)》要求。全國可追溯防偽(wei)加貼型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村部農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安全中(zhong)心統(tong)一(yi)設計制作，農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人可以(yi)根據要求選擇使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。5.3使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)權的撤銷(xiao)獲準(zhun)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)九(jiu)(jiu)宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)或經營者(zhe)，存在下(xia)列情況之一(yi)的，由登記證書(shu)(shu)持有人通山(shan)(shan)縣九(jiu)(jiu)宮(gong)山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)葉(xie)協會(hui)，撤銷(xiao)其標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)權，并(bing)報送(song)相關部門備案。

1、標志使(shi)用(yong)人未嚴格(ge)按照九宮山茶質量控制技術規范進行生產的。

2、生(sheng)產區域超出(chu)九宮山茶登記保護范(fan)圍的。

3、買賣、轉讓、加貼標志的。

4、有證據證明生產經營的(de)茶(cha)產品品質(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)符合質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)技(ji)術規范(fan)要求的(de)品質(zhi)(zhi)特征(zheng)和安全標準的(de)。

5、未按照規(gui)定要求建立九(jiu)宮山茶標志使用制(zhi)度及產品(pin)可追溯檔案，標志使用檔案，拒絕接受(shou)相關部門(men)監督檢查的(de)。

6、未(wei)經許可，標(biao)志使用人擅自在(zai)其他產品上擴大使用標(biao)志或超過協議期限(xian)使用標(biao)志的。

生產情況

2019年，九(jiu)宮山茶產地種植規(gui)模1200公頃。

榮譽認證

2011年，通山(shan)縣(xian)九宮(gong)山(shan)有(you)機茶(cha)基地所屬商(shang)標(biao)“九宮(gong)山(shan)”牌有(you)機茶(cha)獲湖北(bei)省著名商(shang)標(biao)稱(cheng)號。

2013年(nian)，九宮山茶葉生產(chan)專業合作社“九宮山”品牌茶葉獲2013年(nian)度(du)全國供銷合作社“百佳標準化(hua)農產(chan)品品牌”稱(cheng)號(hao)。

2019年1月(yue)17日，中華(hua)人民(min)共和(he)國農業農村部批(pi)準(zhun)對(dui)“九宮(gong)山茶”實施(shi)國家農產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)登記保護(hu)。

歷史起源

九(jiu)宮山(shan)種植茶葉歷史悠久，晉代有(you)“入武昌山(shan)采茗”的記載(zai)，咸寧(ning)屬武昌郡，唯九(jiu)宮山(shan)是(shi)大(da)山(shan)，“武昌山(shan)”當指九(jiu)宮山(shan)一代，1958年和1980年兩次在這(zhe)里發現古(gu)原生(sheng)茶樹后(hou)裔(yi)。

九(jiu)宮(gong)山茶(cha)根植(zhi)于九(jiu)宮(gong)山的道教(jiao)文化，宋代山上(shang)便有“茶(cha)寮觀”，《九(jiu)宮(gong)山志》載：“稚三峰高地，有茶(cha)一頃(qing)”。

咸寧赤壁是中(zhong)國綠茶的(de)故鄉(xiang)，茶葉(xie)的(de)栽培與加工，在(zai)赤壁有(you)著悠(you)久(jiu)的(de)歷史。全市有(you)千畝以(yi)上茶場4個(ge)，其中(zhong)就(jiu)有(you)通(tong)山闖王的(de)虎頭山茶場。

2016年(nian)，九宮山茶葉(xie)生產專業合(he)作(zuo)社成功與清(qing)華(hua)大學(xue)海峽關(guan)系學(xue)院簽約成為全國首家產學(xue)研一體的(de)示范(fan)基地。