(1)土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況(kuang):黔(qian)(qian)東南苗族(zu)侗族(zu)自治州海(hai)拔最(zui)高2178米(mi),最(zui)低137米(mi),大部分(fen)地(di)區(qu)(qu)海(hai)拔500-1000米(mi),歷有"九(jiu)山(shan)半(ban)水(shui)半(ban)分(fen)田"之說,境(jing)(jing)內(nei)溝壑縱(zong)橫(heng),山(shan)巒延綿,重(zhong)崖迭峰,原(yuan)始生(sheng)態保存完好(hao),境(jing)(jing)內(nei)有雷(lei)公(gong)山(shan)、云臺山(shan)、佛頂(ding)山(shan)等(deng)原(yuan)始森林(lin),原(yuan)始植被保護區(qu)(qu)與自然保護區(qu)(qu)29個,森林(lin)覆蓋率67.37%為貴(gui)州省(sheng)之最(zui),良(liang)好(hao)的生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)是散養黔(qian)(qian)東南小香(xiang)雞的最(zui)佳場所,也是黔(qian)(qian)東南小香(xiang)雞優(you)良(liang)品質形(xing)成的重(zhong)要原(yuan)因。
(2)氣(qi)(qi)候水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):黔東南苗(miao)族侗族自治州屬亞熱帶濕潤(run)季風氣(qi)(qi)候,冬(dong)無(wu)嚴(yan)寒,夏(xia)無(wu)酷(ku)暑,四季分明,雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)充(chong)沛,立體氣(qi)(qi)候明顯,年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫14.6-18.5℃,年降雨量(liang)1007.8-1367.5毫米,年平(ping)均(jun)日照時數(shu)1048.5-1305.2小(xiao)時,年無(wu)霜期(qi)267-324天,相對濕度為(wei)78-85%。產(chan)地(di)內大氣(qi)(qi)清新無(wu)污染(ran),境(jing)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系發達(da),河(he)(he)網(wang)稠密,有2900多條河(he)(he)流,山(shan)泉四時不枯,產(chan)地(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達(da)到NY/T391《綠色食品產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)》農田灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)要(yao)求,適宜的(de)生(sheng)態和良好的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)是黔東南小(xiao)香雞獨特品質(zhi)形成(cheng)的(de)重要(yao)因子。
“黔(qian)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)小香雞”地(di)域保護(hu)范(fan)圍為(wei)黔(qian)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)苗族侗族自治(zhi)州行(xing)政(zheng)區(qu)域內的凱(kai)里市(shi)、麻(ma)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹寨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黃平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、施秉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮遠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、岑鞏、三(san)穗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、天柱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、錦(jin)屏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黎(li)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、從(cong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、榕江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雷山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臺江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和劍河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),共有16個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi);東(dong)起天柱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)湖鄉(xiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口村,西至(zhi)麻(ma)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)壩芒布依族鄉(xiang)大開田(tian)村,南(nan)(nan)(nan)起從(cong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)秀塘(tang)鄉(xiang)打格村,北至(zhi)岑鞏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)凱(kai)本鎮凱(kai)陽(yang)村。地(di)理坐(zuo)標為(wei)東(dong)經107°17′20″-109°35′24″,北緯25°19′20″-27°31′40″。年養殖量(liang)500萬羽,其(qi)中出欄量(liang)300萬羽,年產量(liang)0.45萬噸。
(1)外在感官特征:一、活體(ti)(ti)雞:公(gong)雞:羽毛身紅尾墨綠,冠和(he)肉(rou)髯(ran)呈(cheng)烏紫色和(he)紅色,黑(hei)喙黑(hei)灰腳,脛較短小(xiao),體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)1.25-1.5kg。母雞:體(ti)(ti)型矮(ai)小(xiao)緊湊(cou),頭細腳細,背羽呈(cheng)黃麻、灰麻、黑(hei)麻,兼有(you)黑(hei)色和(he)白色,黑(hei)喙黑(hei)灰腳,脛較短小(xiao),體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)0.9-1.2kg。二、白條雞:有(you)烏皮(pi)+烏肉(rou)+烏骨,白皮(pi)+白肉(rou)+白骨兩種類(lei)型,皮(pi)膚表面光(guang)滑(hua),毛孔較細,肌(ji)肉(rou)有(you)彈性,切(qie)面有(you)光(guang)澤,皮(pi)薄(bo)骨細,皮(pi)下脂肪少,全(quan)凈(jing)(jing)膛(tang)公(gong)雞重(zhong)0.8-1.1kg,全(quan)凈(jing)(jing)膛(tang)母雞重(zhong)0.6-0.8kg。烹(peng)飪后,肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩,湯色清(qing)亮,香鮮回甘,品質(zhi)上乘。
(2)內在(zai)品質指標:“黔東南小香(xiang)雞”蛋白質含量≥19g/100g,脂肪含量≤3.5g/100g,鈣(gai)含量≥7.0mg/100g,磷含量≥140mg/100g,鐵含量≥0.8mg/100g,鋅含量≥0.9mg/100g,維(wei)生(sheng)素B2含量≥0.2mg/100g,16種氨基酸總(zong)含量≥16g/100g。
(3)質量安全規定:“黔(qian)東南小(xiao)香雞”生產及加(jia)工均符(fu)合(he)國(guo)家相(xiang)關強制性技術要求(qiu)。
20世(shi)紀80年代,黔東(dong)南小香雞(ji)主(zhu)產區年飼養量約100萬羽。
截至2005年末(mo),貴州省黔(qian)東南(nan)小香雞存(cun)欄統(tong)計數為85萬羽。
2014年,黔(qian)東南(nan)小(xiao)香雞養(yang)殖量(liang)(liang)500萬羽,其中出(chu)欄量(liang)(liang)300萬羽,產量(liang)(liang)0.45萬噸。
2015年,黔(qian)東(dong)南榕(rong)江縣(xian)全縣(xian)小香雞(ji)飼養量(liang)達到(dao)80萬(wan)(wan)羽(yu),出欄51.2萬(wan)(wan)只,實現產值2600萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)元;全縣(xian)建(jian)成商品小香雞(ji)養殖基地3個、養殖場21個,帶(dai)動160戶貧困(kun)戶發展小香雞(ji)林下(xia)規模養殖27.6萬(wan)(wan)羽(yu)。
2019年6月24日(ri),原中華人民共和國農業部正式(shi)批(pi)準對“黔(qian)東南小香(xiang)雞”實施農產品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志登記保護(hu)。
黔(qian)東南小(xiao)香雞原產地(di)為(wei)貴州省東南部(bu)的從江(jiang)縣、榕(rong)江(jiang)縣及黎平縣等縣。
20世紀(ji)80年(nian)代(dai)初(chu),貴州(zhou)省科研機(ji)構農(nong)業部門(men)對小香雞(ji)進(jin)行選育,黔(qian)東南(nan)小香雞(ji)于1985年(nian)入編(bian)《貴州(zhou)省畜禽品(pin)種(zhong)志》。
1996年,貴州省地(di)方畜禽品種(zhong)資源普查(cha)時,將其命(ming)名為從(cong)江小香(xiang)雞(ji)。
2006年,小香雞被列入中國(guo)國(guo)家品種資源平(ping)臺建設項(xiang)目,開展種雞場系統保(bao)種工作。
2014年,杭州(zhou)市農科院對(dui)黔(qian)東南小香(xiang)雞(ji)相關指標進行檢測表明:小香(xiang)雞(ji)肌苷酸含量明顯高于浙江省(sheng)《肉雞(ji)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)生產技術(shu)規程DB3301/T094-2009》所(suo)規定標準,17種氨基(ji)酸、必須氨基(ji)酸和(he)鮮味氨基(ji)酸含量分(fen)(fen)別比泰(tai)和(he)烏雞(ji)高1.7、0.56、1.05個百分(fen)(fen)點。
2017年以來,貴(gui)州省農業(ye)農村廳牽(qian)頭成立(li)了(le)省家禽養殖工作專班(ban),重點扶(fu)植黔東南小香雞等(deng)地方品牌。