(1)土壤地貌情況(kuang):黔東南苗族侗族自(zi)治州海拔最高2178米(mi),最低137米(mi),大部分地區(qu)海拔500-1000米(mi),歷有"九山(shan)半水半分田"之(zhi)說,境內溝壑縱橫,山(shan)巒延綿(mian),重(zhong)崖迭峰,原始(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態保存完好,境內有雷公(gong)山(shan)、云臺山(shan)、佛頂山(shan)等原始(shi)(shi)森(sen)林,原始(shi)(shi)植被保護區(qu)與自(zi)然保護區(qu)29個,森(sen)林覆(fu)蓋(gai)率67.37%為貴(gui)州省之(zhi)最,良好的生(sheng)態環境是散養黔東南小(xiao)香雞(ji)(ji)的最佳場所,也是黔東南小(xiao)香雞(ji)(ji)優良品質形成的重(zhong)要原因。
(2)氣(qi)候水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:黔東南苗族(zu)侗族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)州屬亞熱帶(dai)濕潤(run)季風氣(qi)候,冬無(wu)(wu)嚴寒(han),夏無(wu)(wu)酷暑,四(si)季分明,雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)充(chong)沛,立體氣(qi)候明顯,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫14.6-18.5℃,年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)1007.8-1367.5毫米,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時數(shu)1048.5-1305.2小(xiao)時,年(nian)(nian)無(wu)(wu)霜期267-324天,相對(dui)濕度(du)為78-85%。產(chan)地內大(da)氣(qi)清新(xin)無(wu)(wu)污染,境(jing)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)發(fa)達(da),河(he)網稠密,有2900多(duo)條河(he)流,山(shan)泉四(si)時不枯,產(chan)地水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達(da)到NY/T391《綠色食品產(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)》農(nong)田灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)要求,適宜的生態和良好的水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)是黔東南小(xiao)香雞(ji)獨特品質(zhi)形(xing)成(cheng)的重(zhong)要因子。
“黔東(dong)南(nan)小香雞”地(di)(di)域保(bao)護范圍為黔東(dong)南(nan)苗(miao)族侗族自治(zhi)州行政(zheng)區域內的凱里(li)市、麻江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹寨(zhai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黃平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、施秉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮遠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、岑鞏(gong)(gong)、三穗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、天(tian)柱(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、錦屏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黎(li)平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、從江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、榕江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雷山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臺江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和劍河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),共有16個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市;東(dong)起(qi)天(tian)柱(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)湖鄉(xiang)江(jiang)口村,西(xi)至(zhi)麻江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)壩芒(mang)布依族鄉(xiang)大(da)開田村,南(nan)起(qi)從江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)秀塘鄉(xiang)打格村,北至(zhi)岑鞏(gong)(gong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)凱本鎮凱陽村。地(di)(di)理坐(zuo)標為東(dong)經(jing)107°17′20″-109°35′24″,北緯25°19′20″-27°31′40″。年養殖量500萬羽(yu),其中(zhong)出欄量300萬羽(yu),年產量0.45萬噸(dun)。
(1)外(wai)在(zai)感官特征:一、活體(ti)(ti)雞(ji)(ji):公雞(ji)(ji):羽(yu)毛(mao)身(shen)紅尾墨綠,冠和肉髯呈烏(wu)(wu)紫色(se)(se)和紅色(se)(se),黑(hei)(hei)喙(hui)黑(hei)(hei)灰(hui)腳,脛較(jiao)短小,體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)1.25-1.5kg。母雞(ji)(ji):體(ti)(ti)型矮(ai)小緊湊,頭細(xi)(xi)腳細(xi)(xi),背羽(yu)呈黃麻、灰(hui)麻、黑(hei)(hei)麻,兼(jian)有(you)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)和白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),黑(hei)(hei)喙(hui)黑(hei)(hei)灰(hui)腳,脛較(jiao)短小,體(ti)(ti)重(zhong)0.9-1.2kg。二、白(bai)(bai)條雞(ji)(ji):有(you)烏(wu)(wu)皮+烏(wu)(wu)肉+烏(wu)(wu)骨,白(bai)(bai)皮+白(bai)(bai)肉+白(bai)(bai)骨兩種類型,皮膚表面光滑,毛(mao)孔較(jiao)細(xi)(xi),肌(ji)肉有(you)彈性,切面有(you)光澤,皮薄骨細(xi)(xi),皮下(xia)脂(zhi)肪少,全凈(jing)膛公雞(ji)(ji)重(zhong)0.8-1.1kg,全凈(jing)膛母雞(ji)(ji)重(zhong)0.6-0.8kg。烹飪(ren)后,肉質(zhi)細(xi)(xi)嫩,湯色(se)(se)清(qing)亮,香鮮(xian)回甘(gan),品質(zhi)上乘(cheng)。
(2)內在品質(zhi)指(zhi)標:“黔東南小香雞(ji)”蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥19g/100g,脂肪含(han)量(liang)(liang)≤3.5g/100g,鈣含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥7.0mg/100g,磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥140mg/100g,鐵含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.8mg/100g,鋅含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.9mg/100g,維生素B2含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.2mg/100g,16種氨基酸總含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥16g/100g。
(3)質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)規定:“黔東南小(xiao)香雞”生產及(ji)加工(gong)均符(fu)合國家相(xiang)關(guan)強制性(xing)技術要求。
20世紀80年(nian)代,黔東南(nan)小(xiao)香雞(ji)主產區年(nian)飼(si)養量約100萬羽。
截至2005年末,貴州省(sheng)黔東南小香雞(ji)存欄統計數為85萬羽。
2014年,黔東南小香雞(ji)養(yang)殖量500萬(wan)羽,其中(zhong)出(chu)欄量300萬(wan)羽,產量0.45萬(wan)噸。
2015年,黔東南(nan)榕江縣全(quan)縣小(xiao)香(xiang)雞飼(si)養(yang)量達到80萬(wan)(wan)羽,出欄51.2萬(wan)(wan)只,實現產值(zhi)2600萬(wan)(wan)余元;全(quan)縣建成商品小(xiao)香(xiang)雞養(yang)殖基地3個、養(yang)殖場21個,帶動160戶貧困戶發展小(xiao)香(xiang)雞林下規模養(yang)殖27.6萬(wan)(wan)羽。
2019年6月24日,原(yuan)中(zhong)華(hua)人民共(gong)和國農業部正式批(pi)準(zhun)對“黔東南小香雞(ji)”實施農產(chan)品地理標志登記保護。
黔東(dong)南小(xiao)香(xiang)雞原產地為貴州省東(dong)南部的從江縣、榕江縣及黎平縣等縣。
20世紀80年(nian)代初,貴州省科研(yan)機構農業部門對小香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)進行選育,黔東南小香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)于1985年(nian)入編《貴州省畜禽(qin)品種志》。
1996年,貴(gui)州省地(di)方畜禽品種資源普查時,將其(qi)命名為從江小香雞。
2006年(nian),小香雞被(bei)列入中(zhong)國國家品種(zhong)資源平臺建設(she)項目,開(kai)展種(zhong)雞場系(xi)統保種(zhong)工作。
2014年,杭州(zhou)市農科院對黔東南小(xiao)香雞(ji)相(xiang)關指標進行檢測(ce)表(biao)明:小(xiao)香雞(ji)肌苷酸(suan)(suan)含量(liang)明顯(xian)高(gao)于浙江(jiang)省《肉雞(ji)分(fen)類生(sheng)產技術規程DB3301/T094-2009》所規定標準,17種氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)、必須氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)和鮮味氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)含量(liang)分(fen)別比泰和烏(wu)雞(ji)高(gao)1.7、0.56、1.05個百分(fen)點。
2017年以(yi)來(lai),貴州省(sheng)農業農村廳牽頭成立(li)了(le)省(sheng)家禽養殖(zhi)工作專班,重點扶植(zhi)黔(qian)東南(nan)小香(xiang)雞等地方(fang)品牌。