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基本介紹

皮埃蒙特牛為(wei)肉(rou)乳兼(jian)用品種，被毛白暈色。公牛在(zai)性成熟(shu)時頸(jing)部、眼圈(quan)(quan)和四肢下部為(wei)黑色。母牛為(wei)全白，有的個(ge)別(bie)眼圈(quan)(quan)、耳廊(lang)四周為(wei)黑色。角型(xing)為(wei)平出微前彎，角尖黑色。體型(xing)較大，體軀呈圓筒狀，肌肉(rou)高(gao)度發達(da)。

地域產地

皮埃(ai)蒙(meng)特牛原產于意大利，原為役用牛，經長期(qi)選育，現已成為生(sheng)產性能優良(liang)的(de)專門(men)化品種。

品質特點

皮埃蒙(meng)(meng)特(te)(te)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、母(mu)(mu)(mu)體高(gao)(gao)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)143厘(li)(li)米(mi)、130厘(li)(li)米(mi)。犢(du)(du)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)出生重(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)犢(du)(du)41.3公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),母(mu)(mu)(mu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)犢(du)(du)38.7公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。肉(rou)(rou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)性能十分(fen)突(tu)出，其(qi)育(yu)肥平均日增(zeng)重(zhong)1500克（1360～1657克），生長(chang)速度(du)為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)(rou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)品種(zhong)之首。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)屠宰適期為(wei)(wei)550～600公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)活重(zhong)，一(yi)般在(zai)15-18月齡(ling)(ling)即可(ke)達(da)到此值。母(mu)(mu)(mu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)14～15月齡(ling)(ling)體重(zhong)可(ke)達(da)400～450公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。肉(rou)(rou)質細嫩，屠宰率(lv)（平均66%）與瘦肉(rou)(rou)率(lv)（84.13%）特(te)(te)別高(gao)(gao)，比較適合國際(ji)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)(rou)消費市場的(de)(de)需求。胴體瘦肉(rou)(rou)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)達(da)340公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，其(qi)肉(rou)(rou)內脂肪含量(liang)低(di)(di)，比一(yi)般牛(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)(rou)低(di)(di)30%，當夏洛萊牛(niu)(niu)(niu)眼肌面積達(da)107.9平方厘(li)(li)米(mi)時，皮埃蒙(meng)(meng)特(te)(te)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)達(da)121.8平方厘(li)(li)米(mi)。泌(mi)(mi)乳(ru)期平均產奶量(liang)為(wei)(wei)3500公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，乳(ru)脂率(lv)4.17%。該(gai)品種(zhong)作為(wei)(wei)肉(rou)(rou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)種(zhong)有較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)泌(mi)(mi)乳(ru)能力，改(gai)良黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)其(qi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)性后代的(de)(de)泌(mi)(mi)乳(ru)能力有所提高(gao)(gao)。在(zai)組織三(san)元雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)改(gai)良體系時，皮埃蒙(meng)(meng)特(te)(te)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)改(gai)良母(mu)(mu)(mu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)再作母(mu)(mu)(mu)系，對下(xia)輪的(de)(de)肉(rou)(rou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)十分(fen)有利。皮埃蒙(meng)(meng)特(te)(te)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)與西門(men)塔爾牛(niu)(niu)(niu)和本(ben)地牛(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)三(san)元雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)組織的(de)(de)后代，在(zai)生長(chang)速度(du)和肉(rou)(rou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)體型(xing)上都有父本(ben)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)征。與荷斯坦(tan)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)12月齡(ling)(ling)活重(zhong)為(wei)(wei)451公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，平均日增(zeng)重(zhong)在(zai)1197克，屠宰率(lv)61.4%；與黃牛(niu)(niu)(niu)雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)犢(du)(du)在(zai)適度(du)肥育(yu)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，18月齡(ling)(ling)可(ke)達(da)496公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，眼肌面積114平方厘(li)(li)米(mi)，生長(chang)速度(du)達(da)國內肉(rou)(rou)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)領先水(shui)平。