武(wu)(wu)(wu)松打(da)虎(hu)(hu),《水滸(hu)傳》中(zhong)的(de)故事,主要講述梁山好漢武(wu)(wu)(wu)松回(hui)家探望兄長(chang),途經景陽(yang)岡,至(zhi)酒家沽飲十八(ba)碗(wan),醉后(hou)欲行趕路。酒家告以岡上有虎(hu)(hu)傷(shang)人(ren),勸其(qi)勿行。武(wu)(wu)(wu)松不(bu)信,在岡上果(guo)遇一條吊睛白額(e)大(da)蟲。武(wu)(wu)(wu)松奮起平(ping)生之力以雙拳將虎(hu)(hu)打(da)死,為(wei)當(dang)地(di)老百姓除去一大(da)害。后(hou)被世人(ren)傳為(wei)佳話。明代沈璟(jing)所著傳奇《義俠記》據此改(gai)編。京劇(ju)、昆(kun)腔、高腔、川劇(ju)、滇劇(ju)、秦腔均有此劇(ju)目。
座次 14,天罡星
星名 天傷星
綽號 行者
封號 清忠祖師
身高 約(yue)合現今(jin)1.84米
職業(ye) 陽谷縣步兵捕頭
出生地清河縣(今河北省邢臺市)
使用兵器 兩把戒刀
梁山職司 步兵頭領
出場回目 第23回
武(wu)松,綽(chuo)號“行(xing)者”,因為排(pai)行(xing)第二,又名武(wu)二郎,河(he)北邢臺清河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(有(you)記載武(wu)松早是陽谷縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人,經近期考證為今(jin)邢臺市清河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人)人。他是陜西大俠(xia)鐵(tie)臂膀周侗的弟子,其武(wu)藝高強(qiang),有(you)勇有(you)謀(mou),是一(yi)個下(xia)層俠(xia)義(yi)之(zhi)士,崇(chong)尚的是忠義(yi),有(you)仇(chou)必復,有(you)恩必報,他是下(xia)層英雄好(hao)漢中最富有(you)血性和(he)傳奇(qi)色彩的人物。
武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu),出自施(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)所著(zhu)《水滸傳》中的(de)(de)第二十三回(hui)(hui)《橫海郡柴進留(liu)賓(bin)景(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)》,主要(yao)(yao)講述梁山好漢武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)回(hui)(hui)家(jia)探望哥哥,途中路過(guo)(guo)(guo)景(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)。在(zai)岡(gang)下酒(jiu)店(dian)喝(he)了(le)十八碗(wan)酒(jiu),踉蹌(qiang)著(zhu)向岡(gang)上走(zou)去。行(xing)不(bu)多(duo)時,只(zhi)見一(yi)(yi)(yi)棵(ke)樹上寫著(zhu):“近因景(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)猛(meng)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)傷(shang)人(ren),但(dan)有(you)(you)過(guo)(guo)(guo)往(wang)客(ke)商(shang),應(ying)結(jie)伙成隊過(guo)(guo)(guo)岡(gang),請(qing)勿自誤。”武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)認為,這是(shi)酒(jiu)家(jia)寫來(lai)嚇(xia)人(ren)的(de)(de),為的(de)(de)是(shi)讓(rang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)客(ke)住(zhu)他的(de)(de)店(dian),沒(mei)有(you)(you)理它,繼續(xu)往(wang)前走(zou)。太陽(yang)快(kuai)落山時,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)來(lai)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)破廟(miao)前,見廟(miao)門貼了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)張官府告示,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)讀后,方(fang)知山上真有(you)(you)虎(hu)(hu)(hu),待要(yao)(yao)回(hui)(hui)去住(zhu)店(dian),怕店(dian)家(jia)笑話,又(you)(you)繼續(xu)向前走(zou)。由于酒(jiu)力發作(zuo),便找了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊大(da)青(qing)石,仰身(shen)躺下,剛要(yao)(yao)入睡,忽聽一(yi)(yi)(yi)陣狂風呼嘯,一(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)眼睛上翹(qiao),額頭白色的(de)(de)老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)朝武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)撲了(le)過(guo)(guo)(guo)來(lai),武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)急(ji)(ji)忙一(yi)(yi)(yi)閃身(shen),躲在(zai)老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)背后。老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)縱(zong)身(shen),武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)又(you)(you)躲了(le)過(guo)(guo)(guo)去。老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)急(ji)(ji)了(le),大(da)吼(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聲(sheng),用尾巴向武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)來(lai),武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)又(you)(you)急(ji)(ji)忙跳(tiao)開,并趁猛(meng)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)轉身(shen)的(de)(de)那一(yi)(yi)(yi)霎間,舉起哨棒(bang)(bang),運足力氣,朝虎(hu)(hu)(hu)頭猛(meng)打(da)下去。只(zhi)聽"咔(ka)嚓"一(yi)(yi)(yi)聲(sheng),哨棒(bang)(bang)打(da)在(zai)樹枝(zhi)上。老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)獸性(xing)大(da)發,又(you)(you)向武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)撲過(guo)(guo)(guo)來(lai),武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)扔(reng)掉半截(jie)棒(bang)(bang),順勢騎在(zai)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)背上,左手揪(jiu)住(zhu)老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)頭上的(de)(de)皮,右手猛(meng)擊虎(hu)(hu)(hu)頭,沒(mei)多(duo)久就把(ba)老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)打(da)得眼、嘴、鼻、耳(er)到(dao)處流(liu)血(xue),趴(pa)在(zai)地上不(bu)能動彈(dan)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)怕老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)裝死,舉起半截(jie)哨棒(bang)(bang)又(you)(you)打(da)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)陣,見那老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)確實(shi)沒(mei)氣了(le),才(cai)住(zhu)手。從此(ci)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)威名大(da)震。
施(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)(1296~1371),字肇瑞,號(hao)子安,別號(hao)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)。漢族,江(jiang)蘇興(xing)化白(bai)(bai)駒(ju)場(chang)(chang)人(一說浙江(jiang)錢(qian)塘人)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末明初作(zuo)(zuo)家(jia)。施(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)祖籍泰(tai)州海陵縣,住蘇州閶(chang)門外(wai)施(shi)家(jia)巷,后(hou)(hou)(hou)遷(qian)居當時興(xing)化縣白(bai)(bai)駒(ju)場(chang)(chang)(今江(jiang)蘇省大豐市白(bai)(bai)駒(ju)鎮)。施(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)自(zi)(zi)幼聰明好(hao)學,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)延(yan)祐(you)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1314年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))考(kao)中(zhong)秀才,泰(tai)定元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1324年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))中(zhong)舉人,至順二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1331年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))登進(jin)士(shi)。不久(jiu)任錢(qian)塘縣尹(yin),因替窮人辯冤糾枉(wang)遭縣官的(de)(de)(de)(de)訓斥,遂辭官回家(jia)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至正十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1353年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),白(bai)(bai)駒(ju)場(chang)(chang)鹽民(min)張(zhang)士(shi)誠(cheng)等(deng)十八名壯士(shi)率壯丁起義反(fan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。張(zhang)士(shi)誠(cheng)敬其文韜武(wu)略,再三邀請他為(wei)軍(jun)幕,施(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)抱(bao)著建造“王道樂所”的(de)(de)(de)(de)宏遠計(ji)劃欣然前往,為(wei)張(zhang)士(shi)誠(cheng)獻了(le)許多攻(gong)城奪(duo)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)策(ce)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)因張(zhang)士(shi)誠(cheng)居功自(zi)(zi)傲(ao),獨斷專(zhuan)行,親信佞(ning)臣,疏(shu)遠忠良,施(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)幾次諫勸,張(zhang)士(shi)誠(cheng)都不予采納,于(yu)是憤(fen)然離開平江(jiang),并作(zuo)(zuo)《秋江(jiang)送別》套曲贈予同在張(zhang)幕的(de)(de)(de)(de)魯淵(yuan)、劉亮等(deng)人。此后(hou)(hou)(hou),浪跡江(jiang)湖(hu),替人醫病解難。后(hou)(hou)(hou)入江(jiang)陰祝塘財主徐(xu)騏家(jia)中(zhong)坐(zuo)館,除了(le)教書以外(wai),還與拜他為(wei)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)羅貫中(zhong)一起研究(jiu)《三國(guo)演(yan)義》《三遂平妖傳》的(de)(de)(de)(de)創作(zuo)(zuo),搜集、整理關于(yu)梁山泊宋江(jiang)等(deng)英雄人物的(de)(de)(de)(de)故事,為(wei)撰寫《江(jiang)湖(hu)豪(hao)客(ke)傳》準備(bei)素材。至正二(er)十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1367年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),朱元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)滅張(zhang)士(shi)誠(cheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou),到處偵查張(zhang)士(shi)誠(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部屬。為(wei)避免麻煩,施(shi)耐(nai)(nai)庵(an)(an)征求興(xing)化好(hao)友(you)顧逖的(de)(de)(de)(de)意見,在白(bai)(bai)駒(ju)修了(le)房(fang)屋,從(cong)此隱居不出,專(zhuan)心于(yu)《江(jiang)湖(hu)豪(hao)客(ke)傳》的(de)(de)(de)(de)創作(zuo)(zuo)。《江(jiang)湖(hu)豪(hao)客(ke)傳》成書后(hou)(hou)(hou),定為(wei)《水滸傳》。
明初洪武年間,梧塍徐(xu)(xu)氏九世徐(xu)(xu)麒(徐(xu)(xu)霞客高(gao)祖(zu))以布衣承(cheng)詔(zhao)出使四川(chuan),功成辭官回到故(gu)里,名(ming)揚(yang)一時。徐(xu)(xu)麒請蘇州(一說(shuo)為(wei)錢塘即(ji)杭州)隱士施耐庵到家里當(dang)私(si)塾先生。施耐庵就住在祝塘鎮環境幽美的大宅里,邊教書邊寫(xie)作《水滸傳》,當(dang)地(di)人都尊稱他(ta)為(wei)“耐庵公(gong)"。
武(wu)松(song)景陽(yang)岡(gang)(gang)打虎(hu),寫得栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。據說當時施耐庵(an)不(bu)過是到大宅里(li)村后的后陽(yang)崗(gang)散步,見有(you)條(tiao)黃狗睡(shui)在(zai)松(song)樹下,一名莊丁(ding)武(wu)阿(a)二把(ba)(ba)黃狗打跑了(le)。施耐庵(an)回(hui)家便以此(ci)為(wei)原型(xing)進行創作(zuo),把(ba)(ba)后陽(yang)崗(gang)改(gai)作(zuo)景陽(yang)岡(gang)(gang),黃狗變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)吊睛(jing)白額虎(hu),武(wu)阿(a)二成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)武(wu)松(song)。
景(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)位于(yu)陽(yang)谷縣城東(dong)16公(gong)里張秋鎮境內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)。傳為(wei)《水(shui)滸傳》中描(miao)述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu),也是龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化城遺(yi)址所在地。總占地面積(ji)33.3公(gong)頃,其中水(shui)面10公(gong)頃。景(jing)(jing)(jing)區內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)沙丘起(qi)伏(fu),莽草(cao)叢生(sheng),林(lin)蔭(yin)蔽(bi)日,一派(pai)荒野景(jing)(jing)(jing)象。其主要景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)有(you)三(san)碗不(bu)過岡(gang)酒店、鄉民(min)告示處(chu)、縣衙告示處(chu)、山(shan)神廟(miao)、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu)、石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)、虎(hu)(hu)(hu)嘯亭(ting)(ting)、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)廟(miao)、湖心島、釣(diao)魚臺、碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)、虎(hu)(hu)(hu)池、猴山(shan)、鹿苑(yuan)、箭場(chang)等(deng)20余處(chu)。“武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu)”石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)為(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋時期(qi)所立。山(shan)神廟(miao):已有(you)200余年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,共(gong)3間(jian),建在長(chang)30米(mi)、寬25米(mi)、高(gao)4米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土臺上(shang)(shang),坐北(bei)朝南(nan)(nan)(nan),青磚(zhuan)灰瓦。廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)塑有(you)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)造像。廟(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)左前(qian)(qian)方(fang)立有(you)原中共(gong)山(shan)東(dong)省委(wei)書(shu)(shu)記舒同題(ti)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)”石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei),右前(qian)(qian)方(fang)立有(you)著(zhu)名(ming)書(shu)(shu)法家(jia)(jia)楊萱庭書(shu)(shu)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)3米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“虎(hu)(hu)(hu)”字(zi)(zi)碑(bei)(bei)。虎(hu)(hu)(hu)嘯亭(ting)(ting):位于(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區西部,六角(jiao)單檐,由(you)徐悲鴻的(de)(de)(de)(de)夫人、書(shu)(shu)法家(jia)(jia)廖靜文(wen)題(ti)名(ming)。碑(bei)(bei)林(lin):在山(shan)神廟(miao)以(yi)北(bei)。因(yin)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故事廣為(wei)流傳,故到景(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)參觀(guan)旅游的(de)(de)(de)(de)學術(shu)界名(ming)人大都在此題(ti)詞(ci)、賦詩(shi)、作(zuo)書(shu)(shu)、繪畫(hua)。有(you)關人員整理后,刻石(shi)(shi)立碑(bei)(bei)。多年(nian)(nian)積(ji)累,碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)漸成規模(mo),到2001年(nian)(nian)底,有(you)碑(bei)(bei)刻46碣(jie)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)廟(miao):在北(bei)岡(gang)之巔。門匾額“武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)廟(miao)”為(wei)趙樸初所書(shu)(shu)。園內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)東(dong)亭(ting)(ting)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)為(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu)碑(bei)(bei),西亭(ting)(ting)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)為(wei)新(xin)鑄大鐘(zhong)。大殿系五開間(jian)三(san)進深歇(xie)山(shan)式(shi)建筑。殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)正(zheng)中為(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)塑像,像上(shang)(shang)懸“勛業昭(zhao)彰”四字(zi)(zi)匾。墻內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)飾有(you)國家(jia)(jia)一級美術(shu)師和民(min)間(jian)藝術(shu)家(jia)(jia)合(he)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多幅木質(zhi)彩刻壁畫(hua)。“武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)”浮雕(diao)石(shi)(shi)像:佇立在山(shan)岡(gang)前(qian)(qian)。由(you)著(zhu)名(ming)畫(hua)家(jia)(jia)劉繼卣(you)創作(zuo)。象征著(zhu)除暴安良、見(jian)義勇為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)精神。“天下第(di)一虎(hu)(hu)(hu)”石(shi)(shi):位于(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部,傳為(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)打(da)(da)死的(de)(de)(de)(de)那只老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化身(shen)。“景(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)春曉”石(shi)(shi):位于(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)一塊神奇(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)石(shi)(shi),它(ta)形體美妙(miao),正(zheng)看(kan)如一“山(shan)”字(zi)(zi)。上(shang)(shang)刻著(zhu)名(ming)書(shu)(shu)法家(jia)(jia)劉藝所書(shu)(shu)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)春曉”四字(zi)(zi)。