武松(song)打虎(hu)(hu),《水滸傳》中的故事,主要講述梁山好漢(han)武松(song)回家(jia)探望兄長,途經景陽岡,至酒(jiu)家(jia)沽(gu)飲十八碗(wan),醉后欲行趕路。酒(jiu)家(jia)告以(yi)岡上(shang)有虎(hu)(hu)傷(shang)人,勸其(qi)勿行。武松(song)不(bu)信,在岡上(shang)果遇一條(tiao)吊睛白(bai)額大(da)蟲。武松(song)奮起平生(sheng)之力以(yi)雙(shuang)拳將(jiang)虎(hu)(hu)打死,為(wei)當(dang)地老百姓除(chu)去一大(da)害。后被(bei)世人傳為(wei)佳話。明(ming)代沈璟所著傳奇《義俠記(ji)》據此改編。京劇(ju)、昆腔、高(gao)腔、川劇(ju)、滇劇(ju)、秦腔均有此劇(ju)目。
座次 14,天罡星
星名 天傷星
綽號 行者
封號 清忠祖師
身高 約合(he)現今(jin)1.84米(mi)
職業(ye) 陽(yang)谷縣步兵捕(bu)頭(tou)
出生地清河縣(今(jin)河北省邢(xing)臺市)
使用兵器 兩把戒刀
梁山職司 步兵頭領
出場回目 第23回
武(wu)松,綽號“行者(zhe)”,因(yin)為(wei)排行第(di)二,又名武(wu)二郎,河北邢臺清河縣(有(you)(you)記載武(wu)松早(zao)是陽(yang)谷縣人,經近期考(kao)證(zheng)為(wei)今邢臺市清河縣人)人。他(ta)是陜西大俠(xia)鐵臂膀周侗的(de)弟子,其武(wu)藝(yi)高強,有(you)(you)勇有(you)(you)謀,是一個下(xia)層俠(xia)義之(zhi)士(shi),崇尚的(de)是忠義,有(you)(you)仇必復,有(you)(you)恩必報,他(ta)是下(xia)層英雄(xiong)好漢(han)中最富有(you)(you)血(xue)性和(he)傳奇色彩的(de)人物(wu)。
武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu),出自(zi)施耐庵所(suo)著《水滸傳》中的(de)(de)第二(er)十三回(hui)《橫海郡柴進留賓(bin)景(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)》,主(zhu)要(yao)講述梁山好漢武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)回(hui)家探望哥哥,途中路過景(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)。在(zai)岡(gang)下酒店(dian)喝了(le)十八碗酒,踉蹌著向(xiang)(xiang)岡(gang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)走(zou)去。行不多時,只(zhi)見一棵樹上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)寫(xie)著:“近因景(jing)陽(yang)岡(gang)猛虎(hu)(hu)傷人,但有過往客商(shang),應結伙成(cheng)隊過岡(gang),請勿自(zi)誤。”武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)認為(wei)(wei),這是(shi)酒家寫(xie)來嚇(xia)人的(de)(de),為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)是(shi)讓過客住(zhu)他的(de)(de)店(dian),沒(mei)(mei)有理它(ta),繼續(xu)往前走(zou)。太陽(yang)快落山時,武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)來到一破廟(miao)前,見廟(miao)門貼了(le)一張官府告示(shi),武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)讀(du)后(hou),方(fang)知(zhi)山上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)真(zhen)有虎(hu)(hu),待要(yao)回(hui)去住(zhu)店(dian),怕店(dian)家笑話,又(you)(you)(you)繼續(xu)向(xiang)(xiang)前走(zou)。由于酒力(li)發(fa)作,便找了(le)一塊大(da)青石(shi),仰身(shen)躺(tang)下,剛要(yao)入(ru)睡(shui),忽聽一陣(zhen)狂風呼嘯,一只(zhi)眼睛上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)翹,額頭(tou)(tou)(tou)白色的(de)(de)老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)朝武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)撲(pu)了(le)過來,武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)急忙(mang)一閃身(shen),躲(duo)在(zai)老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)背(bei)(bei)后(hou)。老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)一縱身(shen),武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)又(you)(you)(you)躲(duo)了(le)過去。老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)急了(le),大(da)吼一聲(sheng),用尾巴(ba)向(xiang)(xiang)武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)來,武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)又(you)(you)(you)急忙(mang)跳開,并趁猛虎(hu)(hu)轉身(shen)的(de)(de)那(nei)一霎間,舉(ju)起哨(shao)棒(bang),運(yun)足力(li)氣(qi),朝虎(hu)(hu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)猛打(da)(da)下去。只(zhi)聽"咔嚓"一聲(sheng),哨(shao)棒(bang)打(da)(da)在(zai)樹枝上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)獸性大(da)發(fa),又(you)(you)(you)向(xiang)(xiang)武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)撲(pu)過來,武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)扔(reng)掉(diao)半截棒(bang),順勢騎在(zai)虎(hu)(hu)背(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),左手(shou)(shou)揪(jiu)住(zhu)老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)皮,右(you)手(shou)(shou)猛擊虎(hu)(hu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou),沒(mei)(mei)多久就(jiu)把老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)打(da)(da)得眼、嘴、鼻(bi)、耳到處流血(xue),趴在(zai)地上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)不能(neng)動(dong)彈。武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)怕老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)裝死,舉(ju)起半截哨(shao)棒(bang)又(you)(you)(you)打(da)(da)了(le)一陣(zhen),見那(nei)老(lao)虎(hu)(hu)確實沒(mei)(mei)氣(qi)了(le),才(cai)住(zhu)手(shou)(shou)。從(cong)此武(wu)(wu)松(song)(song)(song)威(wei)名大(da)震。
施(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)(an)(1296~1371),字肇瑞,號(hao)子安,別號(hao)耐(nai)庵(an)(an)。漢族,江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇興(xing)化(hua)白(bai)駒(ju)場(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(一說(shuo)浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)錢(qian)塘人(ren)(ren)(ren))。元(yuan)末明(ming)初(chu)作家(jia)。施(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)(an)祖籍泰州(zhou)海陵縣(xian)(xian),住蘇州(zhou)閶門外施(shi)家(jia)巷,后遷居(ju)當時興(xing)化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)白(bai)駒(ju)場(chang)(今江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇省大豐市(shi)白(bai)駒(ju)鎮)。施(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)(an)自(zi)幼聰明(ming)好學,元(yuan)延祐元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1314年(nian)(nian)(nian))考(kao)中(zhong)(zhong)秀(xiu)才,泰定元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1324年(nian)(nian)(nian))中(zhong)(zhong)舉人(ren)(ren)(ren),至順(shun)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1331年(nian)(nian)(nian))登進(jin)士(shi)(shi)。不久任(ren)錢(qian)塘縣(xian)(xian)尹,因替窮人(ren)(ren)(ren)辯冤糾枉遭縣(xian)(xian)官的(de)(de)訓斥,遂辭官回家(jia)。元(yuan)至正十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1353年(nian)(nian)(nian)),白(bai)駒(ju)場(chang)鹽(yan)民張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)等十八名(ming)壯士(shi)(shi)率壯丁起義(yi)反元(yuan)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)敬其文韜武(wu)略,再三邀請他為軍幕(mu),施(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)(an)抱著(zhu)建造(zao)“王道樂所(suo)”的(de)(de)宏遠計劃欣然前往(wang),為張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)獻了(le)許多攻(gong)城奪地的(de)(de)計策。后因張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)居(ju)功自(zi)傲(ao),獨斷(duan)專行,親(qin)信(xin)佞臣(chen),疏遠忠良,施(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)(an)幾(ji)次諫勸,張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)都不予采納(na),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)憤然離(li)開(kai)平江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),并(bing)作《秋江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)送別》套曲贈予同在(zai)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幕(mu)的(de)(de)魯(lu)淵、劉亮等人(ren)(ren)(ren)。此(ci)后,浪跡江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖,替人(ren)(ren)(ren)醫(yi)病解難。后入江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)陰(yin)祝塘財(cai)主(zhu)徐騏家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)坐(zuo)館,除了(le)教書以外,還與拜他為師的(de)(de)羅貫中(zhong)(zhong)一起研(yan)究(jiu)《三國(guo)演(yan)義(yi)》《三遂平妖傳(chuan)》的(de)(de)創(chuang)作,搜集、整理關于(yu)(yu)梁山泊宋江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等英(ying)雄人(ren)(ren)(ren)物的(de)(de)故事,為撰寫(xie)《江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖豪(hao)客(ke)(ke)傳(chuan)》準(zhun)備素材(cai)。至正二十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1367年(nian)(nian)(nian)),朱元(yuan)璋滅張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)后,到處偵查張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)士(shi)(shi)誠(cheng)的(de)(de)部屬。為避(bi)免(mian)麻煩,施(shi)耐(nai)庵(an)(an)征求興(xing)化(hua)好友顧(gu)逖的(de)(de)意(yi)見,在(zai)白(bai)駒(ju)修了(le)房屋,從此(ci)隱居(ju)不出(chu),專心于(yu)(yu)《江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖豪(hao)客(ke)(ke)傳(chuan)》的(de)(de)創(chuang)作。《江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖豪(hao)客(ke)(ke)傳(chuan)》成書后,定為《水滸傳(chuan)》。
明初洪武年間,梧塍徐氏(shi)九(jiu)世徐麒(徐霞客高祖(zu))以布衣承詔出使四川,功成辭(ci)官回到故里(li),名揚一時。徐麒請蘇(su)州(一說(shuo)為(wei)錢塘即杭州)隱士施耐(nai)庵到家里(li)當(dang)私塾先生。施耐(nai)庵就住(zhu)在祝(zhu)塘鎮環境幽美的大宅里(li),邊教書邊寫作(zuo)《水(shui)滸傳》,當(dang)地人都尊稱他(ta)為(wei)“耐(nai)庵公"。
武(wu)松景陽(yang)岡打虎,寫得栩栩如生。據說當時(shi)施耐庵不過(guo)是到大宅(zhai)里村后的后陽(yang)崗散(san)步(bu),見有(you)條黃狗睡(shui)在松樹下,一名莊(zhuang)丁武(wu)阿二(er)把黃狗打跑(pao)了(le)。施耐庵回家便以此為原型(xing)進行創作,把后陽(yang)崗改作景陽(yang)岡,黃狗變成吊(diao)睛白額虎,武(wu)阿二(er)成了(le)武(wu)松。
景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)岡(gang)位(wei)于(yu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)谷縣(xian)城東(dong)16公(gong)里張秋鎮(zhen)境內(nei)(nei)。傳(chuan)(chuan)為(wei)《水(shui)滸傳(chuan)(chuan)》中描述的(de)(de)(de)武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu),也是(shi)龍山文化(hua)城遺址(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)(zai)地。總(zong)占地面積33.3公(gong)頃(qing),其中水(shui)面10公(gong)頃(qing)。景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區內(nei)(nei)沙丘起伏(fu),莽草叢生,林(lin)(lin)蔭蔽日,一(yi)派荒野景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)象(xiang)。其主要(yao)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點有三碗不過岡(gang)酒店、鄉民告示處(chu)、縣(xian)衙(ya)告示處(chu)、山神(shen)廟(miao)、武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu)、石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)、虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)嘯亭(ting)、武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)廟(miao)、湖心島、釣魚臺、碑(bei)林(lin)(lin)、虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)池、猴山、鹿苑、箭(jian)場等20余(yu)處(chu)。“武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu)”石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)為(wei)南(nan)宋時期所立(li)。山神(shen)廟(miao):已有200余(yu)年的(de)(de)(de)歷史,共3間(jian),建在(zai)(zai)(zai)長30米、寬25米、高4米的(de)(de)(de)土臺上,坐(zuo)北(bei)(bei)朝南(nan),青磚(zhuan)灰瓦(wa)。廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)塑(su)有武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)造像(xiang)。廟(miao)的(de)(de)(de)左前方立(li)有原中共山東(dong)省委(wei)書(shu)(shu)(shu)記舒同(tong)題(ti)寫的(de)(de)(de)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)岡(gang)”石(shi)(shi)碑(bei),右前方立(li)有著名(ming)(ming)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa)家(jia)楊萱庭書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫的(de)(de)(de)高3米的(de)(de)(de)“虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”字(zi)碑(bei)。虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)嘯亭(ting):位(wei)于(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區西(xi)部,六角單(dan)檐,由(you)徐悲鴻的(de)(de)(de)夫人、書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa)家(jia)廖(liao)靜文題(ti)名(ming)(ming)。碑(bei)林(lin)(lin):在(zai)(zai)(zai)山神(shen)廟(miao)以北(bei)(bei)。因武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)故事廣(guang)為(wei)流傳(chuan)(chuan),故到景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)岡(gang)參觀旅游的(de)(de)(de)學術(shu)界名(ming)(ming)人大都在(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)題(ti)詞(ci)、賦詩(shi)、作(zuo)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、繪畫。有關人員(yuan)整理后(hou),刻石(shi)(shi)立(li)碑(bei)。多(duo)年積累,碑(bei)林(lin)(lin)漸(jian)成規模,到2001年底,有碑(bei)刻46碣。武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)廟(miao):在(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)岡(gang)之(zhi)巔。門匾額“武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)廟(miao)”為(wei)趙樸初所書(shu)(shu)(shu)。園內(nei)(nei)東(dong)亭(ting)內(nei)(nei)為(wei)武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)處(chu)碑(bei),西(xi)亭(ting)內(nei)(nei)為(wei)新鑄大鐘。大殿(dian)系五開間(jian)三進深(shen)歇(xie)山式建筑。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)正中為(wei)武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)塑(su)像(xiang),像(xiang)上懸“勛業昭(zhao)彰”四字(zi)匾。墻內(nei)(nei)飾(shi)有國家(jia)一(yi)級(ji)美術(shu)師和(he)民間(jian)藝術(shu)家(jia)合作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)幅木質(zhi)彩刻壁畫。“武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”浮雕石(shi)(shi)像(xiang):佇立(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)山岡(gang)前。由(you)著名(ming)(ming)畫家(jia)劉(liu)繼卣創作(zuo)。象(xiang)征著除暴安(an)良(liang)、見(jian)義(yi)勇為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)精神(shen)。“天下第一(yi)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”石(shi)(shi):位(wei)于(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)岡(gang)南(nan)部,傳(chuan)(chuan)為(wei)武(wu)松(song)(song)(song)打(da)(da)死(si)的(de)(de)(de)那只老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)身。“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)春(chun)(chun)曉(xiao)”石(shi)(shi):位(wei)于(yu)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)岡(gang)南(nan)端的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)塊神(shen)奇的(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)石(shi)(shi),它形體美妙,正看(kan)如一(yi)“山”字(zi)。上刻著名(ming)(ming)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa)家(jia)劉(liu)藝所書(shu)(shu)(shu)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)春(chun)(chun)曉(xiao)”四字(zi)。