元(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)曾避難(nan)入猗玗(yu)洞(dong),因號猗玗(yu)子。洛陽(今河南洛陽)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。天寶(bao)十(shi)二載中(zhong)進士(shi)(shi)。安史之(zhi)(zhi)亂時(shi)(shi)(shi)避難(nan)江南。曾參與(yu)抗(kang)擊(ji)史思明(ming)叛軍,立有(you)戰功(gong)。后任道(dao)州刺史等地(di)方軍政(zheng)職(zhi)務(wu)。他(ta)為(wei)官清廉開(kai)明(ming),愛護百姓,元(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)對社(she)會進行(xing)(xing)了(le)無(wu)情的(de)(de)批(pi)判,為(wei)詩(shi)注(zhu)重(zhong)反映政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)現實和(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)疾苦(ku),所作《舂陵行(xing)(xing)》、《賊退(tui)示(shi)官吏(li)》等,曾受(shou)杜甫推崇(chong)。散(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen)亦多(duo)涉(she)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng),風(feng)(feng)格古樸。時(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也曾批(pi)評(ping)其作品“不(bu)師孔氏“,加(jia)(jia)以(yi)非難(nan)。原有(you)集,已散(san)佚,明(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)輯有(you)《元(yuan)(yuan)次山文(wen)(wen)(wen)集》。又(you)曾編選《篋(qie)中(zhong)集》行(xing)(xing)世(shi)。元(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)主張(zhang)詩(shi)歌為(wei)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)教化(hua)服務(wu),要(yao)“極帝王理亂之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),系古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)規(gui)諷之(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)”;能濟世(shi)勸俗,補闕拾遺,“上(shang)感于(yu)(yu)上(shang),下化(hua)于(yu)(yu)下”;反對當時(shi)(shi)(shi)詩(shi)壇“拘限聲(sheng)病(bing),喜尚(shang)形似(si)”(《篋(qie)中(zhong)集序(xu)》)的(de)(de)不(bu)良風(feng)(feng)氣,開(kai)新樂府(fu)運動之(zhi)(zhi)先聲(sheng)。他(ta)的(de)(de)詩(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)具有(you)強烈的(de)(de)批(pi)判現實性,觸及天寶(bao)中(zhong)期日(ri)益尖銳的(de)(de)社(she)會矛盾。如(ru)(ru)《舂陵行(xing)(xing)》、《賊退(tui)示(shi)官吏(li)》,揭示(shi)了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)饑寒交(jiao)迫(po)和(he)皇家的(de)(de)征斂無(wu)度,變(bian)本加(jia)(jia)厲(li)。《閔荒詩(shi)》、《系樂府(fu)十(shi)二首》等也是或(huo)規(gui)諷時(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng),或(huo)揭露時(shi)(shi)(shi)弊。結(jie)幾乎(hu)不(bu)寫近體(ti)(ti)。除少數(shu)四(si)言(yan)、騷體(ti)(ti)與(yu)七(qi)古、七(qi)絕外,主要(yao)是五言(yan)古風(feng)(feng),質樸淳厚(hou),筆力(li)遒勁,頗具特色(se)。但因過分否(fou)定(ding)聲(sheng)律詞采(cai),詩(shi)作有(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)免過于(yu)(yu)質直,也導致他(ta)創(chuang)作上(shang)的(de)(de)局限性。元(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)的(de)(de)散(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen),不(bu)同流(liu)俗,特別(bie)是其雜文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)散(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen),值得(de)重(zhong)視。如(ru)(ru)《寱論》、《丐論》、《處規(gui)》、《出規(gui)》、《惡圓》、《惡曲(qu)》、《時(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)》、《世(shi)化(hua)》、《自述(shu)》、《訂(ding)古》、《七(qi)不(bu)如(ru)(ru)》等篇,都出于(yu)(yu)憤世(shi)嫉俗、憂道(dao)憫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),具有(you)揭露人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)間偽詐,鞭(bian)撻黑暗(an)現實的(de)(de)功(gong)能。其文(wen)(wen)(wen)章大(da)抵(di)短小精悍,筆鋒(feng)犀(xi)利,繪形圖像,逼(bi)真生(sheng)動,發人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)深省(sheng)。其他(ta)散(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen)如(ru)(ru)書、論、序(xu)、表、狀之(zhi)(zhi)類,均刻意求古,意氣超拔,和(he)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)風(feng)(feng)不(bu)同。《大(da)唐(tang)中(zhong)興(xing)頌》文(wen)(wen)(wen)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)采(cai)用三句一韻的(de)(de)手法,類似(si)秦石刻的(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)制,風(feng)(feng)格雄偉剛(gang)峻。后人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對元(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)評(ping)價很高,唐(tang)代裴敬把他(ta)與(yu)陳子昂、蘇(su)源明(ming)、蕭穎(ying)士(shi)(shi)、韓愈并提。又(you)有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)把他(ta)看作韓柳古文(wen)(wen)(wen)運動的(de)(de)先驅。
約生于唐玄(xuan)宗(zong)(zong)開元八年(nian)(719)年(nian),約卒于代宗(zong)(zong)大(da)歷七年(nian),壽約五十(shi)余歲。少不羈。年(nian)十(shi)七,乃折節向(xiang)學,事元德(de)秀(xiu)。舉(ju)進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi),蘇源(yuan)明(ming)稱(cheng)與肅宗(zong)(zong)。時史思明(ming)攻河陽,結上(shang)(shang)時議(yi)三篇。帝悅,擢右金吾兵(bing)曹參軍,攝監察(cha)御(yu)史。以討賊功,遷(qian)監察(cha)御(yu)史。又(you)進(jin)(jin)水部員外(wai)郎(lang),佐(zuo)荊南節度(du)使呂諲拒賊。代宗(zong)(zong)時,以親老歸樊上(shang)(shang),著書自娛。始號琦圩子,繼(ji)稱(cheng)浪士(shi)(shi),亦稱(cheng)漫郎(lang)。既客樊上(shang)(shang),更稱(cheng)贅叟。晚拜道州刺史,免徭役(yi),收流亡。進(jin)(jin)授容(rong)管經略(lve)使,身(shen)諭蠻豪,綏定(ding)諸(zhu)州,民樂其教,立碑頌德(de)。罷還(huan)京師,卒。
結(jie)著有元子十卷(juan)(juan),文(wen)編十卷(juan)(juan),《新唐(tang)書藝(yi)文(wen)志》琦圩子一卷(juan)(juan),《文(wen)獻通考》并傳于(yu)世。
原有(you)著作多(duo)部,均佚。現存(cun)的(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)常見者有(you)明郭勛刻本《唐(tang)(tang)元(yuan)(yuan)次(ci)(ci)(ci)山(shan)文集(ji)(ji)(ji)》、明陳繼(ji)儒鑒(jian)定本《唐(tang)(tang)元(yuan)(yuan)次(ci)(ci)(ci)山(shan)文集(ji)(ji)(ji)》、淮(huai)南黃(huang)氏刊本《元(yuan)(yuan)次(ci)(ci)(ci)山(shan)集(ji)(ji)(ji)》。今人孫望(wang)校點有(you)《元(yuan)(yuan)次(ci)(ci)(ci)山(shan)集(ji)(ji)(ji)》。元(yuan)(yuan)結所(suo)編(bian)詩選《篋(qie)中集(ji)(ji)(ji)》尚(shang)存(cun)。