元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)(jie)曾避(bi)難(nan)入猗(yi)玗(yu)洞,因號猗(yi)玗(yu)子(zi)。洛陽(今河(he)南(nan)洛陽)人(ren)(ren)。天寶十(shi)二載中(zhong)進(jin)士(shi)。安史之亂時(shi)避(bi)難(nan)江南(nan)。曾參與抗擊(ji)史思明叛軍,立有(you)(you)(you)戰功。后(hou)任道州刺史等(deng)地方軍政職務(wu)(wu)。他(ta)為官清廉(lian)開明,愛護百(bai)姓,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)(jie)對社會(hui)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)無(wu)情的(de)(de)(de)(de)批判,為詩(shi)(shi)注重反映(ying)政治(zhi)現(xian)實(shi)和人(ren)(ren)民疾(ji)苦,所(suo)作(zuo)《舂(chong)陵(ling)行(xing)》、《賊退示官吏》等(deng),曾受杜甫推崇。散(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen)亦(yi)多(duo)涉及時(shi)政,風(feng)格古(gu)樸。時(shi)人(ren)(ren)也曾批評其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)品“不(bu)師孔(kong)氏(shi)“,加以(yi)非(fei)難(nan)。原有(you)(you)(you)集,已(yi)散(san)佚,明人(ren)(ren)輯有(you)(you)(you)《元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)次山(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)集》。又(you)曾編選《篋中(zhong)集》行(xing)世。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)(jie)主(zhu)張詩(shi)(shi)歌(ge)為政治(zhi)教化(hua)服務(wu)(wu),要“極帝王(wang)理亂之道,系古(gu)人(ren)(ren)規(gui)(gui)諷之流”;能(neng)濟世勸俗,補(bu)闕(que)拾(shi)遺,“上感(gan)于(yu)上,下化(hua)于(yu)下”;反對當(dang)時(shi)詩(shi)(shi)壇“拘限(xian)聲(sheng)病,喜(xi)尚形(xing)似”(《篋中(zhong)集序(xu)》)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)良風(feng)氣(qi),開新樂府運(yun)動之先聲(sheng)。他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)批判現(xian)實(shi)性,觸及天寶中(zhong)期日益尖銳的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)矛盾(dun)。如《舂(chong)陵(ling)行(xing)》、《賊退示官吏》,揭示了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)饑(ji)寒(han)交迫和皇(huang)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)征斂無(wu)度(du),變本加厲。《閔荒詩(shi)(shi)》、《系樂府十(shi)二首》等(deng)也是或規(gui)(gui)諷時(shi)政,或揭露時(shi)弊。結(jie)(jie)幾乎不(bu)寫近體。除少數四(si)言、騷體與七古(gu)、七絕外,主(zhu)要是五言古(gu)風(feng),質樸淳(chun)厚,筆力遒勁,頗具(ju)特色(se)。但因過(guo)分(fen)否定聲(sheng)律詞采,詩(shi)(shi)作(zuo)有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)不(bu)免(mian)過(guo)于(yu)質直(zhi),也導致他(ta)創作(zuo)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)限(xian)性。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)散(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen),不(bu)同(tong)(tong)流俗,特別是其(qi)(qi)雜文(wen)(wen)(wen)體散(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen),值得重視(shi)。如《寱論(lun)》、《丐論(lun)》、《處規(gui)(gui)》、《出(chu)(chu)規(gui)(gui)》、《惡(e)圓》、《惡(e)曲》、《時(shi)化(hua)》、《世化(hua)》、《自述》、《訂(ding)古(gu)》、《七不(bu)如》等(deng)篇(pian),都出(chu)(chu)于(yu)憤世嫉俗、憂道憫人(ren)(ren),具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)揭露人(ren)(ren)間偽(wei)詐,鞭撻黑暗現(xian)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)。其(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)章大抵短小精悍,筆鋒(feng)犀利,繪形(xing)圖像,逼真(zhen)生動,發人(ren)(ren)深省。其(qi)(qi)他(ta)散(san)文(wen)(wen)(wen)如書、論(lun)、序(xu)、表、狀之類,均刻意求(qiu)古(gu),意氣(qi)超拔,和當(dang)時(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)風(feng)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)。《大唐中(zhong)興頌》文(wen)(wen)(wen)體上采用三句(ju)一韻的(de)(de)(de)(de)手法(fa),類似秦石刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)體制,風(feng)格雄(xiong)偉剛峻。后(hou)人(ren)(ren)對元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)(jie)評價(jia)很高,唐代裴敬(jing)把他(ta)與陳子(zi)昂、蘇源明、蕭穎士(shi)、韓愈并提。又(you)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)把他(ta)看作(zuo)韓柳古(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)先驅(qu)。
約生于(yu)唐玄宗(zong)開元八(ba)年(719)年,約卒于(yu)代(dai)宗(zong)大歷七(qi)年,壽約五(wu)十(shi)余(yu)歲。少不羈。年十(shi)七(qi),乃折節向(xiang)學,事元德秀。舉(ju)進(jin)(jin)士(shi),蘇源明稱與(yu)肅宗(zong)。時(shi)史(shi)(shi)思明攻河陽,結上時(shi)議三篇。帝悅,擢右金吾(wu)兵曹參軍,攝監(jian)察(cha)(cha)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)。以討賊功,遷監(jian)察(cha)(cha)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)。又進(jin)(jin)水部員外(wai)郎(lang),佐(zuo)荊南節度使(shi)呂諲拒賊。代(dai)宗(zong)時(shi),以親老歸(gui)樊上,著書自娛。始號琦圩子(zi),繼稱浪士(shi),亦(yi)稱漫郎(lang)。既客樊上,更稱贅叟。晚(wan)拜道州刺史(shi)(shi),免徭役,收流(liu)亡。進(jin)(jin)授容管(guan)經(jing)略使(shi),身諭蠻豪,綏定諸(zhu)州,民樂(le)其教,立碑頌德。罷還京(jing)師,卒。
結著有元子(zi)十(shi)卷(juan)(juan),文(wen)編(bian)十(shi)卷(juan)(juan),《新唐書藝文(wen)志》琦圩子(zi)一卷(juan)(juan),《文(wen)獻通考(kao)》并傳于(yu)世(shi)。
原有(you)(you)著作多(duo)部,均佚。現存的(de)集子常見者有(you)(you)明郭勛刻本(ben)《唐(tang)元(yuan)次(ci)山文集》、明陳繼(ji)儒鑒定(ding)本(ben)《唐(tang)元(yuan)次(ci)山文集》、淮南黃氏(shi)刊本(ben)《元(yuan)次(ci)山集》。今人(ren)孫望校點有(you)(you)《元(yuan)次(ci)山集》。元(yuan)結所編詩選《篋中集》尚(shang)存。