第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)是漢(han)族復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),為(wei)田齊王族之(zhi)(zhi)后。秦末(mo)天下紛爭,起先被秦國(guo)所滅的六(liu)國(guo),其王族后裔(yi)們(men),爭先糾集人(ren)馬反(fan)秦復(fu)國(guo);而在漢(han)高祖劉邦(bang)建立(li)漢(han)朝(chao)后,顧慮到這(zhe)些(xie)復(fu)國(guo)失敗的舊王族勢力,便將(jiang)他們(men)紛紛遷出原(yuan)籍,另外擇地安置(zhi)。其中將(jiang)田齊王族從第(di)一(yi)到第(di)八分為(wei)八支遷走,故而后人(ren)以(yi)第(di)次為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),第(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)就為(wei)這(zhe)里的一(yi)支。如今,第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)多(duo)分布(bu)于(yu)陜西(xi)涇陽(yang)、旬(xun)邑一(yi)帶,一(yi)些(xie)第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)現多(duo)演化為(wei)第(di)姓(xing)(xing)、五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)或伍姓(xing)(xing)。
第(di)五(wu)(wu)氏出名的歷史人物有(you)漢(han)代(dai)大(da)司空第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫,唐代(dai)宰相第(di)五(wu)(wu)琦(qi)等。
復姓第五可以追(zhui)溯到舜(shun)(shun)帝,其后(hou)(hou)有姚、媯(gui)(gui)、陳、胡(hu)、田,皆為(wei)同根同源,史(shi)稱“媯(gui)(gui)汭五姓”。后(hou)(hou)舜(shun)(shun)的后(hou)(hou)裔不(bu)斷發展,一(yi)直到商朝后(hou)(hou)期,舜(shun)(shun)的后(hou)(hou)代閼父歸順于(yu)(yu)周(zhou)(zhou)文王(wang)(wang),任陶正之官。后(hou)(hou)周(zhou)(zhou)武王(wang)(wang)消滅商紂,建立周(zhou)(zhou)朝,并將(jiang)長女(nv)大姬(ji)嫁與(yu)閼父之子媯(gui)(gui)滿(舜(shun)(shun)后(hou)(hou)33代孫)。后(hou)(hou)來,武王(wang)(wang)追(zhui)封上古圣王(wang)(wang)的后(hou)(hou)裔,媯(gui)(gui)滿氏因(yin)此(ci)被(bei)封為(wei)陳侯(hou),位(wei)于(yu)(yu)陳地,國(guo)都位(wei)于(yu)(yu)今天河南(nan)淮陽縣。媯(gui)(gui)滿史(shi)稱陳胡(hu)公,胡(hu)公滿,其后(hou)(hou)代以國(guo)為(wei)姓,從(cong)而產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了陳氏,后(hou)(hou)代以胡(hu)公謚號為(wei)氏,產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了胡(hu)氏。
陳(chen)姓在春秋中期分出田(tian)姓。在陳(chen)厲公時,陳(chen)國(guo)發生了爭奪(duo)君位的內(nei)亂(luan),陳(chen)厲公之(zhi)子陳(chen)完逃出齊國(guo)避難,為(wei)避禍而(er)改為(wei)田(tian)姓,陳(chen)完是田(tian)姓的始(shi)祖。陳(chen)完在齊國(guo)受到禮遇,任工正。
陳完的(de)后(hou)代田氏(shi)家族在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)逐(zhu)漸發展,后(hou)掌握(wo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)481年(nian),田乞之子田恒(田常(chang)子)殺(sha)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與諸(zhu)多公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)族,另(ling)立齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),進一步把持政(zheng)(zheng)權,又以“修公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行賞”爭取民心。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)391年(nian),田成子四世孫田和(he)廢齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)386年(nian),田和(he)放逐(zhu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于海上(shang),自立為國(guo)(guo)君,同年(nian)為周安王冊(ce)命為齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯,并受到諸(zhu)侯列國(guo)(guo)的(de)承認(ren),這就是(shi)歷史(shi)上(shang)著名(ming)的(de)“田代齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)姜”。前(qian)(qian)379年(nian),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死,姜姓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)絕祀。田氏(shi)仍以“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”作為國(guo)(guo)號,史(shi)稱“田齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”。
西(xi)漢(han)時期(qi),為(wei)了增強關中的經濟(ji)實力(li),削弱(ruo)各地豪強的殘余勢力(li)。將齊(qi)田氏(shi)分為(wei)八部,分別(bie)遷(qian)往西(xi)安(an)一帶,并要他們改(gai)姓(xing)“第一”“第二”……一直(zhi)到“第八”。
所以(yi)(yi)第(di)五(wu)(wu)出自(zi)田(tian)姓(xing)(xing),源(yuan)自(zi)漢(han)代遷(qian)徙齊(qi)(qi)國公族(zu)(zu)所改。據《姓(xing)(xing)氏考略》載:“齊(qi)(qi)田(tian)氏后(hou),漢(han)時齊(qi)(qi)諸田(tian)徙至(zhi)京兆房陵(ling),以(yi)(yi)次第(di)為姓(xing)(xing),有第(di)一(yi)至(zhi)第(di)八(ba)(ba)(ba)。”又《后(hou)漢(han)書·第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫(lun)傳(chuan)》載:“后(hou)或(huo)改姓(xing)(xing)。”漢(han)高祖劉(liu)邦建立(li)漢(han)朝(chao)后(hou),為了(le)增強關中(zhong)的經(jing)濟實力(li),削弱地方(fang)門(men)閥勢力(li),將豪族(zu)(zu)名(ming)門(men)共十萬(wan)多人都遷(qian)徙到關中(zhong)房陵(ling)(今陜西咸(xian)陽一(yi)帶)一(yi)帶定居。在(zai)遷(qian)徙原齊(qi)(qi)國田(tian)姓(xing)(xing)貴族(zu)(zu)時,因(yin)族(zu)(zu)大人眾,以(yi)(yi)門(men)第(di)順(shun)序(xu)被分為第(di)一(yi)至(zhi)第(di)八(ba)(ba)(ba)氏,例如(ru)田(tian)廣的弟弟田(tian)英為第(di)八(ba)(ba)(ba)氏,其孫田(tian)登為第(di)二氏,元(yuan)孫田(tian)癸為第(di)三氏,第(di)五(wu)(wu)氏就是其中(zhong)的一(yi)支,也就產生了(le)第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)氏。唯有“第(di)五(wu)(wu)”氏這一(yi)支后(hou)來出了(le)不少名(ming)人,得(de)以(yi)(yi)較(jiao)普遍流(liu)傳(chuan),所以(yi)(yi)作為顯姓(xing)(xing)收(shou)到《續百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)。第(di)一(yi)至(zhi)第(di)八(ba)(ba)(ba)等姓(xing)(xing),后(hou)來都改為單(dan)姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)”及“五(wu)(wu)”(伍)兩個姓(xing)(xing)氏,現在(zai)保留復姓(xing)(xing)的很少。
隴(long)(long)西(xi)郡:秦置隴(long)(long)西(xi)郡,治狄道(今甘肅(su)省臨(lin)洮南(nan))。曹魏移治襄(xiang)武(今東(dong)鄉以(yi)東(dong)及(ji)隴(long)(long)西(xi)南(nan)一帶地區)。隋唐(tang)為渭州隴(long)(long)西(xi)郡。
東(dong)(dong)郡(jun):東(dong)(dong)郡(jun)始建于秦始皇(huang)五(wu)年(庚申,公元前242年),取(qu)原魏(wei)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)地置東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),包(bao)括河(he)北(bei)大名府(fu)(fu)、山(shan)東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)昌府(fu)(fu)、及(ji)長清縣以西(xi)一(yi)(yi)帶地區。西(xi)漢時期(qi)因之(zhi)(zhi),治所在(zai)濮(pu)陽(yang)縣(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)濮(pu)陽(yang)),其時轄地在(zai)今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)省南(nan)部仆陽(yang)縣及(ji)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)西(xi)部一(yi)(yi)帶地區。東(dong)(dong)漢初其平中嘗治武陽(yang),臧洪為太守,又治東(dong)(dong)武陽(yang)。西(xi)晉朝時期(qi)廢黜(chu),東(dong)(dong)晉朝復置,在(zai)今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)滑(hua)縣東(dong)(dong)部。北(bei)魏(wei)王朝徙治至滑(hua)臺(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)滑(hua)縣),隋(sui)朝初期(qi)廢黜(chu),后曾以兗州(zhou)為東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),此兗州(zhou)是(shi)由滑(hua)州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)滑(hua)縣)改(gai)名而成,并(bing)非(fei)今(jin)(jin)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省之(zhi)(zhi)兗州(zhou)。南(nan)朝宋國(guo)再置東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),在(zai)河(he)南(nan)陳州(zhou)府(fu)(fu)境。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡(jun)堂:以望立堂,亦稱江扈堂。
廉貞忠厚;正直清高(gao)。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯(lian)典指東(dong)漢長陵人第五(wu)倫,字(zi)伯魚,耿直無(wu)私,以清節著(zhu)稱。建武(wu)年(nian)間舉孝(xiao)廉,官會稽太(tai)守,章(zhang)帝時任司空(kong)。下(xia)聯(lian)典指第五(wu)倫的(de)曾(ceng)孫第五(wu)種。
清高正直;忠(zhong)厚廉貞。
——佚名撰第五姓宗祠通用聯(lian)
上聯典指(zhi)東漢·第五種為官(guan)清正,名冠(guan)州郡,時(shi)人謂:“清高正直,以(yi)種為首。”下聯典指(zhi)第五種的曾(ceng)祖父(fu)第五倫為司(si)空(kong),奉(feng)公盡節,所得俸祿僅給衣(yi)食(shi),余皆散資(zi)貧民(min)。
維揚邗東(dong)第五氏宗譜,著(zhu)者待考,民(min)國年間(jian)木刻活字印本兩冊。現被收藏在(zai)江蘇省(sheng)常州市(shi)家譜收藏者朱炳(bing)國處。
陜西旬邑(yi)第五氏家譜,著者(zhe)待考,民國年間手寫本。現被收藏在(zai)陜西省(sheng)咸陽市(shi)旬邑(yi)縣魏洛(luo)村第五氏宗祠。
第五(wu)(wu)倫(lun):字伯魚,京兆長陵人也,東漢大(da)司空(即東漢宰相)。其先齊諸田,諸田徙園(yuan)陵者多,故以次第為(wei)氏。第五(wu)(wu)倫(lun)曾為(wei)東漢初年(nian)光(guang)武帝、明帝、章帝三朝元老,為(wei)官(guan)清廉無私,盡忠守節,其后輩(bei)有五(wu)(wu)人在朝為(wei)官(guan),與(yu)東漢相始終。
第(di)五頡:字子(zi)(zi)陵,第(di)五倫(lun)少子(zi)(zi);京兆長陵人(今陜(shan)西咸陽)。著名東漢大(da)臣(chen)。先為(wei)郡(jun)功曹,州從事(shi),公府(fu)辟舉高第(di),后(hou)為(wei)侍御史,南(nan)頓令(ling),桂(gui)陽、南(nan)陽、廬(lu)江三郡(jun)太守,諫(jian)議大(da)夫。漢順(shun)帝之為(wei)太子(zi)(zi)廢也,第(di)五頡為(wei)太中大(da)夫,與(yu)太仆來歷等共守闕固爭。漢順(shun)帝即位,第(di)五頡擢為(wei)將(jiang)作大(da)匠,卒官(guan)。
第(di)五(wu)(wu)種:字興先,歷官高密侯相、兗(yan)州刺史。因彈劾中(zhong)常侍(shi)單(dan)(dan)超及其侄子單(dan)(dan)匡,屢(lv)受陷害。當時人說:“清(qing)高正直,以第(di)五(wu)(wu)種為第(di)一。”
第五訪:字仲謀(mou),東漢(han)中期京兆長陵(今陜(shan)西省咸陽市東北)人。
第(di)五上(shang):東漢刺史,為官冠名州郡,永(yong)壽中以奉使稱職,拜高密侯相,懲治貪惡,剛(gang)直不宥。
第五元(yuan)先:東漢(han)學者,通京氏易(yi)、公羊春秋、三統歷(li)、九(jiu)章算(suan)術,為鄭康成(cheng)之師(shi)。
第五琦:唐代同中書(shu)門(men)下(xia)平章(zhang)事(即唐朝宰相(xiang))。曾(ceng)為扶風郡公,京兆尹,改戶部(bu)侍郎(lang),判度(du)支等,能言強國富(fu)民(min)術,不益賦而用以(yi)饒(rao)。乾元時升(sheng)任同中書(shu)門(men)下(xia)平章(zhang)事,終年七十歲(sui),贈太(tai)子(zi)少(shao)保、子(zi)峰。
第五(wu)可范(fan):唐(tang)昭(zhao)宗的親信宦官(guan),后來權臣朱溫迫使唐(tang)昭(zhao)宗將(jiang)第五(wu)可范(fan)賜(si)死。
第五均:宋朝人,官至宰相,生卒不詳。
中國復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五(wu)主要(yao)聚(ju)居(ju)在(zai)陜西省咸陽(yang)市的(de)魏洛村和埝口(kou)五(wu)村,這兩(liang)個(ge)村子除了個(ge)別(bie)的(de)雜(za)姓(xing)(xing)外,基(ji)本都復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五(wu)。另外在(zai)全國各地的(de)其(qi)它地方也散居(ju)著很(hen)多復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五(wu)。臺灣(wan)有7家復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五(wu),其(qi)祖(zu)先(xian)在(zai)今天的(de)魏洛村,主要(yao)居(ju)住在(zai)臺北市內湖區(qu)。
中(zhong)(zhong)國復姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”聚居最多(duo)的就是在(zai)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西省旬邑(yi)縣太村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮赤道社(she)區(qu)魏(wei)洛村(cun)(cun)(cun),全(quan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)有(you)4000多(duo)人都(dou)姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)(cun)(cun)民介紹,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)為田齊王族(zu)之后。祖上傳說在(zai)漢(han)(han)朝就住(zhu)在(zai)這(zhe)里。村(cun)(cun)(cun)上建有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)三朝宰(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)祠堂”,即東漢(han)(han)漢(han)(han)明(ming)帝時(shi)期(qi)大司空:第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)倫,唐朝唐肅宗時(shi)期(qi)宰(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang):第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(時(shi)期(qi)不詳(xiang))宰(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang):第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)均。有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)宗族(zu)家(jia)譜”。2007年1月13日(ri),陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西省涇(jing)陽(yang)縣埝口五(wu)(wu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。中(zhong)(zhong)國國家(jia)地理雜志的攝影師(shi)馬宏杰指(zhi)揮幾(ji)十(shi)位(wei)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民拍(pai)集體照,因為這(zhe)些村(cun)(cun)(cun)民都(dou)姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”這(zhe)個(ge)姓(xing)(xing)其實(shi)并不鮮見,古(gu)時(shi)候(hou)從(cong)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一”到(dao)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八”都(dou)是姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),《百(bai)(bai)家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)的最后8個(ge)字就是“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)言福(fu)、百(bai)(bai)家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)終”。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一到(dao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八都(dou)曾存在(zai)過,不過現在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)最多(duo)的了,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)主要分布在(zai)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西涇(jing)陽(yang)和旬邑(yi)。
今江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)揚州市(shi)(shi),天(tian)津市(shi)(shi),陜西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)咸陽市(shi)(shi)涇(jing)陽縣、旬邑縣、彬縣、西安(an)市(shi)(shi)高陵(ling)縣,寧夏(xia)回族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)區的(de)(de)吳忠市(shi)(shi)、靈武(wu)市(shi)(shi),甘肅省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)慶陽市(shi)(shi)寧縣、浙江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)舟山市(shi)(shi)定海(hai)縣,安(an)徽省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)滁州市(shi)(shi),臺灣(wan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)臺北(bei)市(shi)(shi)內湖(hu)區等地,均(jun)有第(di)五(wu)氏(shi)族(zu)人分(fen)布(bu),總人口在六千(qian)以(yi)上。
其中:姓(xing)第(di)五(有的(de)寫成(cheng)第(di)伍)的(de)在甘(gan)肅(su)有178人(ren),姓(xing)第(di)的(de)有1587人(ren),合計1765人(ren),主(zhu)要(yao)分布在甘(gan)肅(su)省寧縣、慶城縣和合水縣,蘭州市(shi)、嘉(jia)峪關市(shi)、白銀市(shi)也(ye)有分布。甘(gan)肅(su)寧縣的(de)第(di)(第(di)五)家族,主(zhu)要(yao)居(ju)住在早勝鎮(zhen)(zhen)、良平(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)等地(di),據考證,其祖先(xian)是從陜西旬(xun)邑縣赤道鄉(xiang)魏洛村遷徙而來。
《姓氏考(kao)略(lve)》:齊田氏后,漢時齊諸田徙至(zhi)京兆房陵(ling),以次第(di)(di)為姓,有(you)第(di)(di)一至(zhi)第(di)(di)八。
《后(hou)漢書·第五倫傳》:后(hou)或(huo)改(gai)姓。