第(di)五(wu)姓是漢(han)族復姓之(zhi)一(yi)，為田齊王(wang)族之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。秦末天(tian)下紛(fen)爭，起先被秦國所(suo)滅的(de)(de)六(liu)國，其王(wang)族后(hou)(hou)裔們，爭先糾(jiu)集人馬(ma)反秦復國；而(er)在漢(han)高祖(zu)劉邦建(jian)立(li)漢(han)朝后(hou)(hou)，顧慮到(dao)這些(xie)復國失(shi)敗的(de)(de)舊王(wang)族勢力，便將他們紛(fen)紛(fen)遷出原籍，另外(wai)擇地安置。其中將田齊王(wang)族從第(di)一(yi)到(dao)第(di)八分為八支遷走，故而(er)后(hou)(hou)人以第(di)次為姓氏，第(di)五(wu)氏就為這里的(de)(de)一(yi)支。如(ru)今，第(di)五(wu)姓多分布(bu)于陜西涇陽、旬邑一(yi)帶，一(yi)些(xie)第(di)五(wu)姓現多演化(hua)為第(di)姓、五(wu)姓或伍姓。
第(di)五(wu)(wu)氏出名的歷史人物有(you)漢(han)代大司空第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫(lun)，唐(tang)代宰(zai)相第(di)五(wu)(wu)琦等。
復姓第五可(ke)以追溯到舜帝，其后(hou)(hou)有姚、媯(gui)、陳(chen)(chen)、胡、田，皆為同根同源，史稱(cheng)(cheng)“媯(gui)汭五姓”。后(hou)(hou)舜的后(hou)(hou)裔不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)展，一直到商朝后(hou)(hou)期，舜的后(hou)(hou)代閼(e)父(fu)歸順于周(zhou)文王(wang)，任陶(tao)正之(zhi)官。后(hou)(hou)周(zhou)武王(wang)消滅商紂，建立周(zhou)朝，并(bing)將長女大姬嫁與閼(e)父(fu)之(zhi)子(zi)媯(gui)滿(man)（舜后(hou)(hou)33代孫）。后(hou)(hou)來，武王(wang)追封上(shang)古(gu)圣王(wang)的后(hou)(hou)裔，媯(gui)滿(man)氏因此被封為陳(chen)(chen)侯，位于陳(chen)(chen)地，國(guo)都位于今(jin)天河南淮陽(yang)縣。媯(gui)滿(man)史稱(cheng)(cheng)陳(chen)(chen)胡公，胡公滿(man)，其后(hou)(hou)代以國(guo)為姓，從而產生(sheng)了(le)陳(chen)(chen)氏，后(hou)(hou)代以胡公謚(shi)號為氏，產生(sheng)了(le)胡氏。
陳(chen)(chen)姓(xing)在春秋中期(qi)分(fen)出田(tian)姓(xing)。在陳(chen)(chen)厲公時，陳(chen)(chen)國(guo)發生了爭奪(duo)君位的(de)內亂(luan)，陳(chen)(chen)厲公之(zhi)子陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)(wan)逃出齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)避難，為(wei)(wei)避禍而改為(wei)(wei)田(tian)姓(xing)，陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)(wan)是田(tian)姓(xing)的(de)始祖。陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)(wan)在齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)受(shou)到(dao)禮(li)遇，任(ren)工正。
陳完(wan)的后(hou)代(dai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)家(jia)族在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)逐漸發(fa)展，后(hou)掌握齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)。公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)481年(nian)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)乞之子(zi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)恒(heng)（田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)常子(zi)）殺齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)與諸多公(gong)族，另(ling)立齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)平(ping)公(gong)，進一步把持政(zheng)權(quan)，又以“修(xiu)公(gong)行賞”爭取民心。公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)391年(nian)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)成子(zi)四世孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和廢(fei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)。公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)386年(nian)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和放逐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)于海上，自立為(wei)國(guo)(guo)君，同年(nian)為(wei)周安王冊(ce)命為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯，并受到(dao)諸侯列國(guo)(guo)的承認(ren)，這就是歷史(shi)上著(zhu)名的“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)代(dai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)姜(jiang)(jiang)”。前(qian)(qian)379年(nian)，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)死，姜(jiang)(jiang)姓(xing)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)絕祀。田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)仍以“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)號，史(shi)稱“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”。
西漢(han)時(shi)期，為了增強關中(zhong)的經(jing)濟(ji)實力，削弱各地豪(hao)強的殘(can)余(yu)勢力。將齊(qi)田氏分為八(ba)(ba)部(bu)，分別遷往西安一(yi)帶，并要他們改(gai)姓(xing)“第(di)一(yi)”“第(di)二”……一(yi)直到(dao)“第(di)八(ba)(ba)”。
所(suo)以第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)出自(zi)(zi)田(tian)姓，源自(zi)(zi)漢(han)(han)(han)代遷徙齊國公族(zu)所(suo)改(gai)。據(ju)《姓氏(shi)考略》載：“齊田(tian)氏(shi)后(hou)(hou)，漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)齊諸田(tian)徙至(zhi)京兆房陵(ling)，以次第(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)姓，有第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)。”又《后(hou)(hou)漢(han)(han)(han)書·第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)倫傳(chuan)》載：“后(hou)(hou)或改(gai)姓。”漢(han)(han)(han)高祖(zu)劉邦(bang)建立漢(han)(han)(han)朝后(hou)(hou)，為(wei)了(le)(le)增強(qiang)關中(zhong)的(de)經濟實力，削弱(ruo)地方門(men)閥勢力，將豪(hao)族(zu)名(ming)門(men)共十萬多人(ren)都遷徙到關中(zhong)房陵(ling)（今陜西(xi)咸(xian)陽一(yi)帶）一(yi)帶定居。在遷徙原齊國田(tian)姓貴族(zu)時(shi)，因(yin)族(zu)大人(ren)眾，以門(men)第(di)(di)(di)(di)順序(xu)被(bei)分為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi)，例如(ru)田(tian)廣(guang)的(de)弟(di)弟(di)田(tian)英為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi)，其孫(sun)(sun)田(tian)登為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)氏(shi)，元孫(sun)(sun)田(tian)癸為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)就(jiu)是其中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)支，也就(jiu)產(chan)生了(le)(le)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓氏(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”氏(shi)這一(yi)支后(hou)(hou)來出了(le)(le)不少名(ming)人(ren)，得以較普遍(bian)流傳(chuan)，所(suo)以作為(wei)顯姓收到《續百家姓》中(zhong)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)等(deng)姓，后(hou)(hou)來都改(gai)為(wei)單(dan)姓“第(di)(di)(di)(di)”及“五(wu)(wu)(wu)”（伍）兩個(ge)姓氏(shi)，現在保留(liu)復姓的(de)很少。
隴(long)西(xi)郡：秦置隴(long)西(xi)郡，治(zhi)狄道（今甘肅省臨洮(tao)南）。曹(cao)魏移治(zhi)襄(xiang)武（今東鄉以(yi)東及隴(long)西(xi)南一(yi)帶(dai)地(di)區）。隋唐為(wei)渭州隴(long)西(xi)郡。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)：東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)始(shi)建于秦始(shi)皇五年(庚(geng)申，公元前(qian)242年)，取原魏(wei)國(guo)之(zhi)地(di)置東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)，包括(kuo)河北大名府(fu)(fu)、山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府(fu)(fu)、及(ji)長清縣以西(xi)一(yi)帶地(di)區。西(xi)漢時期(qi)因之(zhi)，治(zhi)(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)濮陽(yang)(yang)縣(今河南(nan)濮陽(yang)(yang))，其時轄地(di)在(zai)(zai)今河南(nan)省南(nan)部仆陽(yang)(yang)縣及(ji)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)部一(yi)帶地(di)區。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初其平(ping)中嘗治(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)陽(yang)(yang)，臧洪為(wei)太守，又治(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)武(wu)陽(yang)(yang)。西(xi)晉朝(chao)時期(qi)廢(fei)(fei)黜，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)晉朝(chao)復置，在(zai)(zai)今河南(nan)滑縣東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部。北魏(wei)王朝(chao)徙治(zhi)(zhi)至滑臺(tai)(今河南(nan)滑縣)，隋朝(chao)初期(qi)廢(fei)(fei)黜，后曾以兗州(zhou)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)，此(ci)兗州(zhou)是由滑州(zhou)(今河南(nan)滑縣)改名而成，并非今山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省之(zhi)兗州(zhou)。南(nan)朝(chao)宋國(guo)再置東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)，在(zai)(zai)河南(nan)陳州(zhou)府(fu)(fu)境。
隴西堂：以望立(li)堂。
東郡堂(tang)：以望立(li)堂(tang)，亦稱江扈堂(tang)。
廉貞忠厚；正直清高。
——佚(yi)名(ming)撰(zhuan)第(di)五(wu)姓
上(shang)聯典指(zhi)(zhi)東漢長陵人第五(wu)(wu)倫(lun)，字伯魚，耿直無私，以清節著稱。建(jian)武年間舉孝(xiao)廉，官會(hui)稽太(tai)守，章(zhang)帝時任(ren)司(si)空(kong)。下聯典指(zhi)(zhi)第五(wu)(wu)倫(lun)的曾孫第五(wu)(wu)種。
清高正直；忠(zhong)厚(hou)廉(lian)貞。
——佚名(ming)撰第五姓宗祠通用聯(lian)
上(shang)聯(lian)(lian)典指(zhi)東漢(han)·第(di)五(wu)種為(wei)(wei)官清(qing)(qing)正，名冠州郡，時人謂：“清(qing)(qing)高(gao)正直，以種為(wei)(wei)首。”下聯(lian)(lian)典指(zhi)第(di)五(wu)種的(de)曾祖父(fu)第(di)五(wu)倫為(wei)(wei)司空，奉(feng)公(gong)盡節，所得俸祿僅給(gei)衣(yi)食，余皆散(san)資貧(pin)民。
維揚邗東第五氏宗譜，著者(zhe)待考(kao)，民國(guo)(guo)年(nian)間木刻活字印本兩冊。現被收藏在江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)常(chang)州市(shi)家(jia)譜收藏者(zhe)朱(zhu)炳國(guo)(guo)處。
陜(shan)西(xi)旬(xun)邑第(di)五氏家譜，著(zhu)者待考(kao)，民國(guo)年間手(shou)寫(xie)本。現(xian)被收(shou)藏在陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)咸陽市旬(xun)邑縣(xian)魏(wei)洛村第(di)五氏宗祠。
第(di)五(wu)倫：字伯魚，京兆長陵人也，東(dong)漢大司(si)空（即東(dong)漢宰相）。其(qi)先齊諸(zhu)田，諸(zhu)田徙(xi)園(yuan)陵者多，故(gu)以(yi)次第(di)為(wei)(wei)氏。第(di)五(wu)倫曾為(wei)(wei)東(dong)漢初(chu)年光武帝、明帝、章帝三朝(chao)元(yuan)老，為(wei)(wei)官(guan)清廉無私，盡(jin)忠守節，其(qi)后輩有(you)五(wu)人在朝(chao)為(wei)(wei)官(guan)，與(yu)東(dong)漢相始終。
第(di)(di)五頡：字(zi)子陵(ling)，第(di)(di)五倫(lun)少子；京兆長陵(ling)人(今陜(shan)西咸陽(yang)(yang))。著名東漢(han)大臣。先為(wei)郡功曹，州從(cong)事，公府辟舉(ju)高第(di)(di)，后為(wei)侍御史，南(nan)頓令，桂陽(yang)(yang)、南(nan)陽(yang)(yang)、廬江(jiang)三郡太守(shou)，諫議大夫。漢(han)順帝(di)之為(wei)太子廢也，第(di)(di)五頡為(wei)太中大夫，與太仆來歷等共(gong)守(shou)闕固爭。漢(han)順帝(di)即(ji)位，第(di)(di)五頡擢(zhuo)為(wei)將作大匠(jiang)，卒官(guan)。
第(di)五種：字(zi)興先，歷官高密(mi)侯相、兗(yan)州刺史。因彈劾中常侍單(dan)超及(ji)其(qi)侄(zhi)子單(dan)匡，屢受陷害。當時人(ren)說：“清高正直，以第(di)五種為第(di)一。”
第五(wu)訪：字仲謀，東漢中期京兆長(chang)陵（今陜西省(sheng)咸陽(yang)市東北）人。
第五上(shang)：東漢(han)刺史，為官冠名(ming)州郡，永壽中以(yi)奉使(shi)稱職，拜(bai)高(gao)密侯相，懲治貪惡(e)，剛直不宥(you)。
第五元先：東漢學者(zhe)，通京(jing)氏易、公羊(yang)春(chun)秋、三(san)統歷、九章算術，為(wei)鄭康成之師(shi)。
第五琦：唐(tang)(tang)代同中書(shu)門下(xia)平章事（即唐(tang)(tang)朝宰(zai)相）。曾為扶風(feng)郡公，京(jing)兆(zhao)尹，改(gai)戶部侍(shi)郎，判度(du)支(zhi)等，能言強國富民術，不益(yi)賦(fu)而(er)用以(yi)饒。乾元(yuan)時升任同中書(shu)門下(xia)平章事，終(zhong)年七十歲，贈(zeng)太子(zi)少保(bao)、子(zi)峰。
第(di)五可(ke)范：唐昭(zhao)宗的親(qin)信宦(huan)官，后來權臣朱溫迫(po)使唐昭(zhao)宗將第(di)五可(ke)范賜死。
第五均：宋朝人，官至宰相，生卒不詳。
中國復姓(xing)(xing)第五主要(yao)聚(ju)居在(zai)(zai)陜西省(sheng)咸(xian)陽市的魏(wei)洛(luo)村和(he)埝口五村，這(zhe)兩個村子除(chu)了(le)個別的雜姓(xing)(xing)外(wai)，基(ji)本都復姓(xing)(xing)第五。另外(wai)在(zai)(zai)全國各地的其它地方也(ye)散居著很多復姓(xing)(xing)第五。臺灣有7家復姓(xing)(xing)第五，其祖先在(zai)(zai)今天(tian)的魏(wei)洛(luo)村，主要(yao)居住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)臺北(bei)市內湖區。
中國復姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”聚居最(zui)多(duo)(duo)的就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)陜西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)旬邑縣太村(cun)鎮赤道社區(qu)魏洛村(cun)，全村(cun)有(you)4000多(duo)(duo)人(ren)都(dou)姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。據(ju)村(cun)民(min)介紹，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)為田齊王族之后。祖上傳說在(zai)漢(han)朝就(jiu)住在(zai)這(zhe)里。村(cun)上建有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏三朝宰(zai)(zai)相祠堂”，即(ji)東(dong)漢(han)漢(han)明帝時(shi)(shi)期大司空(kong)：第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)倫，唐(tang)朝唐(tang)肅宗(zong)時(shi)(shi)期宰(zai)(zai)相：第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)琦，宋朝（時(shi)(shi)期不詳）宰(zai)(zai)相：第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)均。有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏宗(zong)族家譜”。2007年(nian)1月13日(ri)，陜西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)涇陽縣埝口五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)村(cun)。中國國家地理雜志的攝影師馬(ma)宏(hong)杰(jie)指(zhi)揮幾十位村(cun)民(min)拍集(ji)體照(zhao)，因(yin)為這(zhe)些村(cun)民(min)都(dou)姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”這(zhe)個(ge)姓(xing)其實并(bing)不鮮見，古時(shi)(shi)候(hou)從“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)”到(dao)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)”都(dou)是(shi)姓(xing)氏，《百(bai)家姓(xing)》中的最(zui)后8個(ge)字(zi)就(jiu)是(shi)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)言(yan)福(fu)、百(bai)家姓(xing)終”。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)到(dao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)都(dou)曾存在(zai)過，不過現在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)最(zui)多(duo)(duo)的了，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)主要分布在(zai)陜西(xi)(xi)涇陽和旬邑。
今(jin)江蘇省(sheng)的(de)揚(yang)州市(shi)，天津(jin)市(shi)，陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)的(de)咸陽市(shi)涇陽縣、旬邑縣、彬縣、西(xi)安(an)市(shi)高(gao)陵縣，寧夏回族自(zi)治區的(de)吳忠市(shi)、靈武市(shi)，甘肅(su)省(sheng)的(de)慶陽市(shi)寧縣、浙江省(sheng)的(de)舟(zhou)山(shan)市(shi)定海縣，安(an)徽省(sheng)的(de)滁州市(shi)，臺灣省(sheng)的(de)臺北市(shi)內湖區等地，均有(you)第五氏族人分(fen)布，總人口在六千以上。
其中：姓(xing)第(di)(di)五(有(you)的(de)(de)寫(xie)成第(di)(di)伍)的(de)(de)在(zai)甘(gan)肅有(you)178人，姓(xing)第(di)(di)的(de)(de)有(you)1587人，合(he)計1765人，主要(yao)(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)甘(gan)肅省寧縣(xian)、慶(qing)城縣(xian)和合(he)水縣(xian)，蘭州市、嘉峪關市、白銀市也(ye)有(you)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)。甘(gan)肅寧縣(xian)的(de)(de)第(di)(di)（第(di)(di)五）家族，主要(yao)(yao)居住(zhu)在(zai)早(zao)勝鎮、良(liang)平(ping)鎮等地，據考證，其祖先是從陜(shan)西旬邑(yi)縣(xian)赤道鄉魏洛村遷徙(xi)而來。
《姓(xing)(xing)氏考略》：齊田氏后，漢時齊諸(zhu)田徙至京(jing)兆(zhao)房陵，以次(ci)第(di)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)，有(you)第(di)一至第(di)八。
《后漢書·第五倫(lun)傳(chuan)》：后或改姓。
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