第(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)是漢(han)族(zu)復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)之一,為(wei)田(tian)齊王(wang)(wang)族(zu)之后(hou)(hou)。秦(qin)末天下紛爭,起先被秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)所滅的(de)六國(guo)(guo),其王(wang)(wang)族(zu)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)們(men),爭先糾集人馬(ma)反秦(qin)復(fu)國(guo)(guo);而(er)在漢(han)高祖劉(liu)邦建立漢(han)朝(chao)后(hou)(hou),顧慮到這些復(fu)國(guo)(guo)失(shi)敗的(de)舊(jiu)王(wang)(wang)族(zu)勢力,便將他們(men)紛紛遷出(chu)原籍,另(ling)外擇地安置。其中將田(tian)齊王(wang)(wang)族(zu)從第(di)(di)一到第(di)(di)八(ba)分為(wei)八(ba)支(zhi)遷走,故而(er)后(hou)(hou)人以第(di)(di)次為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),第(di)(di)五氏(shi)就為(wei)這里的(de)一支(zhi)。如今,第(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)多(duo)分布于陜西涇陽(yang)、旬邑一帶,一些第(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)現多(duo)演(yan)化為(wei)第(di)(di)姓(xing)(xing)、五姓(xing)(xing)或(huo)伍姓(xing)(xing)。
第五(wu)氏出名的歷史人物有漢代大司空第五(wu)倫,唐(tang)代宰相第五(wu)琦等(deng)。
復(fu)姓(xing)第五可以(yi)追溯(su)到舜帝,其后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有姚、媯(gui)(gui)、陳、胡(hu)(hu)、田,皆為同根同源(yuan),史稱“媯(gui)(gui)汭五姓(xing)”。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)舜的后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裔(yi)不(bu)斷(duan)發展,一直到商朝后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期,舜的后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)代閼父歸順于周(zhou)文王(wang),任陶正之(zhi)官(guan)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)周(zhou)武王(wang)消(xiao)滅商紂,建(jian)立周(zhou)朝,并將長(chang)女大姬嫁與閼父之(zhi)子媯(gui)(gui)滿(舜后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)33代孫)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)來,武王(wang)追封(feng)上古圣王(wang)的后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裔(yi),媯(gui)(gui)滿氏因此被封(feng)為陳侯,位(wei)于陳地,國都位(wei)于今天河(he)南淮陽縣。媯(gui)(gui)滿史稱陳胡(hu)(hu)公,胡(hu)(hu)公滿,其后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)代以(yi)國為姓(xing),從而產生了陳氏,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)代以(yi)胡(hu)(hu)公謚(shi)號為氏,產生了胡(hu)(hu)氏。
陳(chen)姓在春秋中期分出田姓。在陳(chen)厲(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)時(shi),陳(chen)國發生了(le)爭奪君位的內亂,陳(chen)厲(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)之子陳(chen)完逃出齊國避難(nan),為避禍而改為田姓,陳(chen)完是田姓的始祖。陳(chen)完在齊國受到禮遇,任工(gong)正。
陳完的(de)后(hou)代田(tian)(tian)氏家族(zu)在(zai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國逐漸發(fa)展,后(hou)掌握齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國國政(zheng)。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)481年,田(tian)(tian)乞之子田(tian)(tian)恒(田(tian)(tian)常子)殺齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)與諸(zhu)多公(gong)(gong)族(zu),另立齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)平公(gong)(gong),進一步把(ba)持政(zheng)權,又以(yi)“修公(gong)(gong)行賞”爭取(qu)民心(xin)。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)391年,田(tian)(tian)成子四(si)世孫田(tian)(tian)和廢齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)386年,田(tian)(tian)和放逐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)于(yu)海上,自立為(wei)國君,同年為(wei)周安(an)王(wang)冊命為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯,并受到諸(zhu)侯列國的(de)承認,這就是歷史上著名的(de)“田(tian)(tian)代齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)姜(jiang)”。前(qian)(qian)(qian)379年,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)死,姜(jiang)姓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國絕祀。田(tian)(tian)氏仍以(yi)“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”作為(wei)國號,史稱“田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”。
西漢時期,為了增(zeng)強關中的(de)經濟實力,削弱各地豪強的(de)殘余勢力。將齊田氏分為八部,分別(bie)遷往西安一(yi)帶,并要(yao)他們(men)改姓“第一(yi)”“第二”……一(yi)直到“第八”。
所以第(di)(di)(di)(di)五出自田(tian)(tian)(tian)姓(xing),源自漢代遷(qian)徙齊國(guo)公(gong)族(zu)所改(gai)。據《姓(xing)氏考(kao)略》載(zai):“齊田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏后(hou),漢時齊諸(zhu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)徙至京兆房(fang)陵,以次第(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)姓(xing),有第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)。”又《后(hou)漢書·第(di)(di)(di)(di)五倫傳》載(zai):“后(hou)或(huo)改(gai)姓(xing)。”漢高祖劉邦建立(li)漢朝后(hou),為(wei)(wei)了(le)增強關中(zhong)(zhong)的經濟(ji)實力,削弱地方門閥勢力,將豪(hao)族(zu)名門共十(shi)萬多人都遷(qian)徙到關中(zhong)(zhong)房(fang)陵(今陜西咸(xian)陽一(yi)(yi)帶)一(yi)(yi)帶定居。在(zai)遷(qian)徙原齊國(guo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)姓(xing)貴族(zu)時,因族(zu)大(da)人眾,以門第(di)(di)(di)(di)順序被分為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)氏,例如田(tian)(tian)(tian)廣的弟(di)弟(di)田(tian)(tian)(tian)英(ying)為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)氏,其孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)登為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二氏,元(yuan)孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)癸為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)三氏,第(di)(di)(di)(di)五氏就是其中(zhong)(zhong)的一(yi)(yi)支(zhi),也(ye)就產生了(le)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五姓(xing)氏。唯(wei)有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五”氏這一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)后(hou)來(lai)出了(le)不(bu)少名人,得以較普遍流傳,所以作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)顯姓(xing)收到《續百(bai)家姓(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)等姓(xing),后(hou)來(lai)都改(gai)為(wei)(wei)單姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)”及“五”(伍)兩個姓(xing)氏,現在(zai)保(bao)留(liu)復姓(xing)的很(hen)少。
隴(long)(long)西郡:秦置隴(long)(long)西郡,治(zhi)狄(di)道(今甘肅省臨洮南)。曹魏移治(zhi)襄武(今東鄉(xiang)以東及(ji)隴(long)(long)西南一(yi)帶(dai)地(di)區)。隋唐(tang)為渭州隴(long)(long)西郡。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun):東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)始建于秦(qin)始皇五年(nian)(庚申,公元前242年(nian)),取原魏國(guo)之(zhi)地(di)置東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),包括河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)大名府、山東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府、及長清縣(xian)(xian)以西(xi)一(yi)帶地(di)區。西(xi)漢時期(qi)因之(zhi),治所在濮陽縣(xian)(xian)(今河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)濮陽),其(qi)時轄地(di)在今河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)省南(nan)部仆陽縣(xian)(xian)及山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)部一(yi)帶地(di)區。東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)其(qi)平中嘗(chang)治武陽,臧(zang)洪(hong)為太守,又治東(dong)(dong)(dong)武陽。西(xi)晉朝(chao)時期(qi)廢黜,東(dong)(dong)(dong)晉朝(chao)復置,在今河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部。北(bei)魏王朝(chao)徙治至滑(hua)(hua)臺(今河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)),隋朝(chao)初(chu)期(qi)廢黜,后曾以兗州(zhou)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),此兗州(zhou)是由(you)滑(hua)(hua)州(zhou)(今河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian))改名而成,并非今山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省之(zhi)兗州(zhou)。南(nan)朝(chao)宋(song)國(guo)再置東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),在河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)陳州(zhou)府境(jing)。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡堂(tang):以望立堂(tang),亦稱江扈堂(tang)。
廉貞(zhen)忠厚;正(zheng)直清高(gao)。
——佚(yi)名撰(zhuan)第(di)五姓
上聯典指東漢長陵人(ren)第(di)五倫,字伯魚(yu),耿(geng)直無私,以清節著(zhu)稱。建武(wu)年間舉孝(xiao)廉,官會稽太守,章(zhang)帝時任司空(kong)。下聯典指第(di)五倫的曾孫第(di)五種。
清高(gao)正(zheng)直;忠厚廉貞(zhen)。
——佚(yi)名撰第五姓宗祠(ci)通用聯
上聯典指東漢·第(di)五(wu)種(zhong)為官清正,名(ming)冠州郡,時(shi)人謂:“清高正直,以種(zhong)為首。”下聯典指第(di)五(wu)種(zhong)的曾(ceng)祖父第(di)五(wu)倫為司空,奉(feng)公(gong)盡節(jie),所得(de)俸(feng)祿僅給衣食,余皆散資貧民(min)。
維揚邗(han)東第五氏宗譜,著者待(dai)考,民國年間木刻活(huo)字(zi)印本兩冊。現(xian)被收藏(zang)(zang)在江蘇省常(chang)州市家譜收藏(zang)(zang)者朱炳國處(chu)。
陜西旬邑第五(wu)氏家譜,著(zhu)者待(dai)考,民(min)國年間手寫本。現被收藏(zang)在(zai)陜西省咸陽市旬邑縣魏洛村第五(wu)氏宗祠。
第(di)五(wu)倫:字伯魚,京兆長陵人也,東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)大司空(即東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)宰相(xiang))。其先齊諸田(tian),諸田(tian)徙園陵者(zhe)多,故(gu)以次第(di)為(wei)(wei)氏。第(di)五(wu)倫曾為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)初年光武帝(di)、明(ming)帝(di)、章帝(di)三朝元老,為(wei)(wei)官清廉無(wu)私,盡忠守節,其后輩有五(wu)人在朝為(wei)(wei)官,與東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)相(xiang)始終。
第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)頡(jie):字(zi)子陵(ling),第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)倫少子;京兆長陵(ling)人(今(jin)陜西咸陽(yang))。著名(ming)東漢(han)大(da)臣。先為(wei)(wei)郡功曹,州從(cong)事,公府辟舉(ju)高(gao)第(di)(di),后為(wei)(wei)侍御史,南頓令,桂陽(yang)、南陽(yang)、廬江三郡太守,諫(jian)議大(da)夫(fu)。漢(han)順帝(di)之為(wei)(wei)太子廢(fei)也,第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)頡(jie)為(wei)(wei)太中大(da)夫(fu),與太仆來歷等共守闕固爭。漢(han)順帝(di)即位(wei),第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)頡(jie)擢為(wei)(wei)將作大(da)匠,卒官。
第五(wu)種:字興先(xian),歷官高(gao)密侯相(xiang)、兗州刺(ci)史(shi)。因彈劾中常(chang)侍單超及(ji)其侄(zhi)子單匡,屢受陷(xian)害。當時人說:“清高(gao)正(zheng)直,以第五(wu)種為第一。”
第五訪:字仲謀,東(dong)漢中期京(jing)兆長陵(今陜(shan)西省(sheng)咸陽市東(dong)北)人。
第五(wu)上:東漢刺史,為(wei)官冠名州郡,永壽中(zhong)以奉使稱職,拜高密侯(hou)相,懲治貪惡(e),剛直不宥。
第(di)五元先:東(dong)漢學(xue)者,通京(jing)氏(shi)易、公羊(yang)春秋、三統歷、九(jiu)章算(suan)術,為鄭康成之師。
第五琦:唐代同中(zhong)書(shu)門(men)下(xia)平章(zhang)事(即唐朝宰(zai)相)。曾為扶(fu)風郡公,京兆尹,改(gai)戶部侍郎,判度(du)支等(deng),能(neng)言強(qiang)國富民術,不(bu)益賦而用以饒。乾元時升任同中(zhong)書(shu)門(men)下(xia)平章(zhang)事,終年七十歲,贈太子少保、子峰(feng)。
第五可范(fan):唐昭(zhao)宗(zong)的親信宦官,后來權臣朱(zhu)溫迫使唐昭(zhao)宗(zong)將第五可范(fan)賜死。
第五均:宋朝人,官至(zhi)宰相(xiang),生卒不詳。
中(zhong)國復姓第五(wu)(wu)主(zhu)要聚居在陜西省(sheng)咸陽市的(de)魏(wei)洛(luo)村和埝口(kou)五(wu)(wu)村,這(zhe)兩(liang)個村子(zi)除了個別的(de)雜姓外,基本(ben)都復姓第五(wu)(wu)。另外在全國各地的(de)其它地方也散居著(zhu)很多(duo)復姓第五(wu)(wu)。臺(tai)灣有7家復姓第五(wu)(wu),其祖先(xian)在今天的(de)魏(wei)洛(luo)村,主(zhu)要居住在臺(tai)北市內湖(hu)區(qu)。
中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”聚(ju)居最多(duo)的(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陜(shan)西省旬邑(yi)縣太村(cun)鎮赤道社區魏洛村(cun),全村(cun)有(you)4000多(duo)人都姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)民介紹,第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)田齊王族之后。祖上(shang)傳說在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)漢朝(chao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)住在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)。村(cun)上(shang)建有(you)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)三朝(chao)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)相祠堂”,即東漢漢明帝時(shi)期大司空:第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)倫,唐(tang)朝(chao)唐(tang)肅宗時(shi)期宰(zai)(zai)(zai)相:第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(時(shi)期不詳(xiang))宰(zai)(zai)(zai)相:第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)均。有(you)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)宗族家譜”。2007年1月13日(ri),陜(shan)西省涇(jing)陽(yang)縣埝口五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)村(cun)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家地理(li)雜(za)志的(de)(de)攝影師馬宏杰指揮幾十(shi)位村(cun)民拍集體照(zhao),因為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)些村(cun)民都姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”這(zhe)(zhe)個姓(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)實并(bing)不鮮(xian)見,古時(shi)候從“第(di)一”到(dao)“第(di)八”都是姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),《百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)的(de)(de)最后8個字(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)言福、百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)終”。第(di)一到(dao)第(di)八都曾(ceng)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)過,不過現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)最多(duo)的(de)(de)了(le),第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)主要分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陜(shan)西涇(jing)陽(yang)和旬邑(yi)。
今江蘇省的(de)揚(yang)州(zhou)市(shi),天津(jin)市(shi),陜西省的(de)咸陽市(shi)涇陽縣(xian)、旬邑縣(xian)、彬縣(xian)、西安(an)市(shi)高(gao)陵(ling)縣(xian),寧夏回(hui)族(zu)自治區(qu)的(de)吳忠市(shi)、靈武市(shi),甘肅省的(de)慶陽市(shi)寧縣(xian)、浙江省的(de)舟山市(shi)定海縣(xian),安(an)徽(hui)省的(de)滁(chu)州(zhou)市(shi),臺灣省的(de)臺北市(shi)內(nei)湖區(qu)等地(di),均有第五(wu)氏族(zu)人分布,總人口(kou)在六千以上(shang)。
其中:姓第(di)五(wu)(有(you)的(de)(de)(de)寫成第(di)伍)的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)甘(gan)肅(su)有(you)178人,姓第(di)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)1587人,合計(ji)1765人,主要(yao)分布在(zai)甘(gan)肅(su)省寧(ning)縣(xian)、慶城縣(xian)和合水縣(xian),蘭州市(shi)(shi)、嘉峪關市(shi)(shi)、白銀(yin)市(shi)(shi)也(ye)有(you)分布。甘(gan)肅(su)寧(ning)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(第(di)五(wu))家族,主要(yao)居住(zhu)在(zai)早勝鎮、良平鎮等地(di),據考(kao)證,其祖先是從陜(shan)西(xi)旬邑縣(xian)赤道鄉魏洛(luo)村(cun)遷徙(xi)而來。
《姓氏考(kao)略》:齊田氏后,漢時齊諸田徙至京兆房(fang)陵,以次(ci)第(di)(di)為姓,有第(di)(di)一至第(di)(di)八。
《后漢書·第五倫傳》:后或(huo)改姓。