劉累(公(gong)元前1898年-公(gong)元前1788年),《元和姓(xing)纂(zuan)》《史記》《帝系譜》記載(zai)遠古部落(luo)聯盟三皇之首太昊伏羲(xi)氏(shi)(shi)娶少典為妻生黃帝軒轅,黃帝子孫陶唐氏(shi)(shi)首領唐堯(yao)的(de)后裔,是被史學界所(suo)(suo)認同(tong)的(de)劉姓(xing)歷史上第一位名(ming)人,是國內外劉姓(xing)所(suo)(suo)信(xin)奉(feng)的(de)始祖(zu),堯(yao)之裔孫。
早年,劉累(lei)(lei)曾(ceng)向豢龍(long)氏(shi)董父學(xue)豢龍(long)、御龍(long)于豢龍(long)氏(shi)。約(yue)公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)1879年,夏孔(kong)甲帝時,天降龍(long)于今河南(nan)省臨穎縣豢龍(long)城東南(nan)角龍(long)蕩(dang)溝(gou)處。孔(kong)甲派劉累(lei)(lei)到此養龍(long),長達7年之(zhi)久(jiu)。因劉累(lei)(lei)養龍(long)御龍(long)有功,孔(kong)甲封他為御龍(long)氏(shi),代行(xing)豕韋(wei)國君。
劉累(lei)(lei)的(de)事跡最(zui)早記(ji)(ji)載(zai)于戰國(guo)時成書的(de)《竹書紀年(nian)》《左傳》。在其他(ta)文(wen)獻中(zhong)的(de)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)內(nei)容較多。據文(wen)獻記(ji)(ji)載(zai),劉累(lei)(lei)生活在夏代孔甲年(nian)間,居(ju)(ju)魯(lu)山,死后葬于河南(nan)魯(lu)山縣(xian)。劉累(lei)(lei)因出生時手上(shang)顯現“劉累(lei)(lei)”紋樣,家人以為吉(ji)祥,遂以劉累(lei)(lei)為名。劉累(lei)(lei)故(gu)城在洛州緱氏縣(xian)(今(jin)河南(nan)偃師(shi))南(nan)五(wu)十五(wu)里,乃劉累(lei)(lei)之故(gu)地,相傳是他(ta)養(yang)龍時所居(ju)(ju)處。劉累(lei)(lei)為遠古(gu)劉氏第十八世(shi)祖,御龍堂劉氏始祖。
黃河中(zhong)下游華夏(xia)民族夏(xia)代,夏(xia)帝(di)孔(kong)甲(jia)帝(di)得到雌雄二龍(long)(long),聽說劉(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)曾學養(yang)(yang)龍(long)(long)于“豢龍(long)(long)氏”,就命(ming)(ming)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)養(yang)(yang)龍(long)(long),因(yin)(yin)(yin)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)養(yang)(yang)龍(long)(long)有功(gong),孔(kong)甲(jia)賜(si)他(ta)“御龍(long)(long)氏”,后來一龍(long)(long)死,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)將(jiang)其制成(cheng)肉羹(geng)獻(xian)給孔(kong)甲(jia)帝(di),孔(kong)甲(jia)因(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)味(wei)美,命(ming)(ming)令劉(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)再獻(xian),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)因(yin)(yin)(yin)懼怕龍(long)(long)死之(zhi)事暴露,,遂(sui)遷(qian)到中(zhong)岳嵩山南(nan)側的堯山(大龍(long)(long)山,又名石(shi)人山)東(dong)麓,河南(nan)魯(lu)山縣昭平湖地區(今河南(nan)魯(lu)山),在此墾荒漁(yu)獵(lie),最(zui)后卒葬于此,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)子孫后來便以劉(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)姓,成(cheng)為(wei)我國劉(liu)(liu)(liu)姓的最(zui)早起源。
唐(tang)代(dai)史書(shu)《史記·正義》引《括地(di)(di)(di)志》云:“劉(liu)累故城在(zai)洛州緱(gou)(gou)氏縣南五十五里,乃劉(liu)累之(zhi)(zhi)故地(di)(di)(di)也(ye)。”古緱(gou)(gou)氏縣今屬河南洛陽(yang)偃師縣,轄(xia)境西(xi)南有地(di)(di)(di)名(ming)劉(liu)聚,相傳是他養(yang)龍(long)(long)時所(suo)居(ju)處。但經過(guo)考證(zheng)洛陽(yang)偃師緱(gou)(gou)氏縣為春秋劉(liu)國的(de)故址,非劉(liu)累養(yang)龍(long)(long)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)。
劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei),堯(yao)之裔孫。早(zao)年(nian),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei)曾(ceng)向(xiang)(xiang)豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)氏(shi)董父(fu)學(xue)豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、御龍(long)(long)(long)(long)于(yu)(yu)豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)氏(shi)。約(yue)公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)1879年(nian),夏孔甲(jia)(jia)帝時,天降龍(long)(long)(long)(long)于(yu)(yu)今河南省(sheng)臨穎縣(xian)豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)南角龍(long)(long)(long)(long)蕩溝(gou)處(chu)。孔甲(jia)(jia)派劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei)到此(ci)養龍(long)(long)(long)(long),長(chang)達7年(nian)之久。因劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei)養龍(long)(long)(long)(long)御龍(long)(long)(long)(long)有功,孔甲(jia)(jia)封他(ta)為御龍(long)(long)(long)(long)氏(shi),后(hou)(hou)因一雌龍(long)(long)(long)(long)死,累(lei)(lei)(lei)把龍(long)(long)(long)(long)肉加工成美(mei)(mei)食,送給孔甲(jia)(jia)吃(chi),孔甲(jia)(jia)享用后(hou)(hou),感到味道鮮美(mei)(mei),又向(xiang)(xiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei)求食,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei)怕(pa)死龍(long)(long)(long)(long)事發,孔甲(jia)(jia)追究問罪,便于(yu)(yu)約(yue)公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)1873年(nian),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei)便遷徙(xi)到堯(yao)山(大龍(long)(long)(long)(long)山)東(dong)麓,今天的(de)河南省(sheng)魯山縣(xian)隱居(ju),隱匿了(le)原來的(de)名字,改(gai)稱“丘”,人稱“丘公(gong)(gong)”,稱隱居(ju)的(de)地方為“邱(qiu)公(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)”。孔甲(jia)(jia)知道后(hou)(hou),不再追究,丘公(gong)(gong)改(gai)為劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei)族人遂改(gai)姓(xing)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)氏(shi),中(zhong)華劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)姓(xing)遂劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei)繁(fan)衍生息(xi)。早(zao)在(zai)明代前(qian)(qian),后(hou)(hou)人把邱(qiu)公(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)附近(jin)的(de)耿集鎮(古稱竹峪寨)雅稱“豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)故里(li)”,又在(zai)西(xi)寨門(men)迎門(men)額(e)上鑲刻“豢(huan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)故里(li)”門(men)額(e)石記之。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei)終卒于(yu)(yu)今河南省(sheng)魯山縣(xian)邱(qiu)公(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng),葬于(yu)(yu)邱(qiu)公(gong)(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)北30米(mi)處(chu)。二(er)十世紀五(wu)十年(nian)代,修筑昭平湖,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)累(lei)(lei)(lei)墓便沒(mei)于(yu)(yu)昭平湖中(zhong)。
劉(liu)累(lei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(聚(ju)義公(gong)(gong)(gong)長子),字華(hua)美,生于夏廑(qin)帝三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)癸未(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)1898年(nian)(nian)),劉(liu)氏(shi)(shi)族譜中為(wei)劉(liu)氏(shi)(shi)十八(ba)世祖(zu),卒于夏桀三(san)(san)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)癸酉(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)1788年(nian)(nian))享(xiang)壽壹百(bai)一(yi)十一(yi)歲(sui),(一(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)累(lei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)享(xiang)壽一(yi)百(bai)零七(qi)(qi)歲(sui),又一(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)累(lei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)壽八(ba)十四歲(sui))。公(gong)(gong)(gong)誕生時(shi),兩手(shou)握(wo)拳凡三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)。張開時(shi)兩掌現龍紋,并有文在手(shou)曰:累(lei),因以為(wei)名。事夏孔甲,公(gong)(gong)(gong)學擾龍於豢龍氏(shi)(shi),十歲(sui)能擾龍。夏孔甲帝時(shi)天降二(er)龍于朝.雌雄各一(yi),帝令累(lei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)飼養(yang),公(gong)(gong)(gong)能飲食之,帝嘉(jia),于孔甲三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)甲辰(chen)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)1877年(nian)(nian))晉(jin)封(feng)累(lei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)右丞相,并御賜累(lei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)為(wei)御龍氏(shi)(shi)。孔甲七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)戊申(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)1873年(nian)(nian))一(yi)雌龍死,累(lei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)潛醢以食王,王使(shi)求之。公(gong)(gong)(gong)恐懼,帶(dai)領(ling)家少(shao)奔魯(河南(nan)平頂(ding)山(shan)市魯山(shan)縣)避禍,時(shi)年(nian)(nian)二(er)十六歲(sui),遂遷(qian)于河南(nan)平頂(ding)山(shan)市魯山(shan)縣安(an)家置業。
《新唐書(shu).宰(zai)相世(shi)系表一(yi)》
劉氏(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)自祁(qi)姓。帝(di)堯陶唐氏(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)孫生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)有文(wen)在(zai)(zai)手曰:「劉累」,因(yin)以為(wei)名(ming)。能擾(rao)龍(long),事夏為(wei)御龍(long)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)商為(wei)豕韋氏(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)周稱唐杜氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。至(zhi)宣王,滅其(qi)國(guo)。其(qi)子(zi)隰叔奔晉(jin)為(wei)士師,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)士蒍。蒍生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成伯缺,缺生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)士會。會適秦,歸晉(jin),有子(zi)留於秦,自為(wei)劉氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)明,明生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)遠(yuan),遠(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)陽,十世孫,戰國(guo)時獲於魏,遂(sui)為(wei)魏大(da)夫。秦滅魏,徙(xi)大(da)梁,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)清,徙(xi)居沛(pei)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren),號豐公。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)煓,字執嘉。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四子(zi):伯、仲、邦(bang)、交。邦(bang),漢高(gao)祖也。
劉(liu)累墓(mu)(mu)于平頂山(shan)市(shi)魯山(shan)縣城西國(guo)家水利(li)風景(jing)(jing)名勝(sheng)區昭平湖景(jing)(jing)區附(fu)近(jin),國(guo)家地質(zhi)公(gong)園、國(guo)家AAAAA級(ji)風景(jing)(jing)名勝(sheng)區堯山(shan)(又名石(shi)人山(shan),古稱大龍(long)(long)山(shan))東麓。207,311國(guo)道交(jiao)匯于此,在魯山(shan)縣城乘坐魯山(shan)至石(shi)人山(shan)、江(jiang)河的汽車沿311國(guo)道行駛10公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)即可到達昭平湖景(jing)(jing)區大門,再順沿景(jing)(jing)區大道東北方向0.2公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)到達劉(liu)累墓(mu)(mu),劉(liu)累墓(mu)(mu)距劉(liu)氏(shi)與(yu)龍(long)(long)文(wen)化碑林0.2公(gong)里(li)(li)(li),緊鄰劉(liu)累祠。
劉累墓、劉累祠、劉氏與龍文(wen)化(hua)碑林共(gong)同形成(cheng)了(le)參觀劉累的旅游線(xian)路。
2000年4月,史學界和魯(lu)山(shan)縣委、政府的(de)關心下,魯(lu)山(shan)縣有關部門(men)又(you)在昭平湖風景區重(zhong)新修筑了劉累(lei)墓,海內外更多的(de)劉姓族人(ren)前來尋根問祖。