《棄官(guan)尋母(mu)》講述了宋代的孝(xiao)子朱(zhu)壽昌(字(zi)康叔,宋天長同仁鄉秦(qin)欄人)的孝(xiao)行,此為《二(er)十四孝(xiao)》中(zhong)的第二(er)十三則故事(shi)。他(ta)是流傳(chuan)甚廣的古(gu)代“二(er)十四孝(xiao)”中(zhong)的一位。
朱壽昌,字康叔,宋天長同仁鄉秦欄人,《宋史》載(zai)有他棄官千(qian)里尋母之事。他是流傳甚廣的(de)古(gu)代“二十四孝(xiao)”中的(de)一位。
宋(song)代朱(zhu)壽(shou)昌,年(nian)七歲,生母(mu)(mu)劉氏為嫡母(mu)(mu)所妒,出嫁(jia)。母(mu)(mu)子不(bu)相(xiang)見(jian)者五(wu)十年(nian)。宋(song)神宗(zong)朝,棄官入秦(qin),與家人(ren)訣,誓:不(bu)見(jian)母(mu)(mu),不(bu)復還。后行次(ci)同(tong)州,得(de)之,時母(mu)(mu)已年(nian)七十余矣。
適:出嫁
朝:在位期間
嫡母:古時候,妾的子(zi)女對正妻(qi)的稱呼。
妒:嫉妒。
者:助(zhu)詞(ci),無實義。
秦:指秦地,今陜西省西安市長安區。
訣:告別(bie),辭別(bie)。
次:停留。
同州:古(gu)地名(ming),在今陜西省渭南市大荔縣。
再:第二次。
宋朝時(shi)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)名叫(jiao)朱(zhu)壽(shou)昌的人,也是個(ge)很有(you)名的孝子。他(ta)(ta)的生(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)是劉氏,嫡(di)妻(qi)妒(du)忌她(ta)有(you)了(le)(le)小孩,將她(ta)趕(gan)出(chu)了(le)(le)朱(zhu)家(jia)。自(zi)此母(mu)(mu)(mu)子骨肉分離(li),五十年未能相見。五十年來,無(wu)時(shi)無(wu)刻(ke)不在(zai)思念母(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin),每到一(yi)地為官(guan)(guan),他(ta)(ta)都在(zai)四處查找(zhao)(zhao)老(lao)人家(jia)的蹤跡。可是人海茫(mang)(mang)茫(mang)(mang),找(zhao)(zhao)人談(tan)何容易。宋神宗當朝的時(shi)候,他(ta)(ta)再(zai)也沒有(you)心(xin)思做官(guan)(guan)了(le)(le),決(jue)定(ding)辭掉官(guan)(guan)職去尋找(zhao)(zhao)母(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin)。臨行時(shi),他(ta)(ta)告(gao)知家(jia)人自(zi)己的決(jue)定(ding),發誓(shi)說:“找(zhao)(zhao)不到母(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin),我今生(sheng)今世絕(jue)不回家(jia)!”這一(yi)次,他(ta)(ta)將尋母(mu)(mu)(mu)的重點放在(zai)秦地(今陜西)。后(hou)來,歷盡(jin)千辛萬苦(ku)的他(ta)(ta),終于在(zai)同州(今陜西大荔縣)尋找(zhao)(zhao)到了(le)(le)自(zi)己的母(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin)。當時(shi)劉氏已經七十多歲了(le)(le)。
朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)的(de)父親(qin)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)巽是宋(song)(song)仁宗(zong)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)的(de)工部(bu)侍(shi)郎,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)庶(shu)出,其母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)劉氏(shi)(shi)是朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)巽之(zhi)(zhi)妾。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)幼(you)時,劉氏(shi)(shi)被朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)巽遺棄(qi),從(cong)此,母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)分(fen)離(li)。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)長(chang)(chang)成之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),蔭襲父親(qin)的(de)功名,出而為(wei)官(guan),幾十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)的(de)仕(shi)途頗為(wei)順利,先后(hou)(hou)做(zuo)過陜州(zhou)(zhou)荊、南通(tong)荊,岳州(zhou)(zhou)知州(zhou)(zhou),閬州(zhou)(zhou)知州(zhou)(zhou)等,然而他(ta)一(yi)直未得(de)與生(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)團聚(ju),思念(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)縈(ying)縈(ying)于懷,以(yi)至于“飲(yin)食罕御(yu)酒肉,言輒流(liu)(liu)涕”,母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)分(fen)離(li)后(hou)(hou)的(de)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)間(jian),他(ta)四方打聽(ting)生(sheng)(sheng)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)下(xia)落,均杳無(wu)(wu)音(yin)訊,為(wei)此他(ta)燒香拜佛,并(bing)依照佛法,灼背燒頂,以(yi)示虔誠(cheng)。宋(song)(song)熙寧初(chu)年(nian)(nian),聽(ting)人(ren)傳說他(ta)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin)流(liu)(liu)落陜西一(yi)帶(dai),嫁為(wei)民妻,他(ta)又刺血書寫《金剛(gang)經》,并(bing)辭去官(guan)職,與家人(ren)遠(yuan)別(bie),千里迢(tiao)(tiao)迢(tiao)(tiao),往陜西一(yi)帶(dai)尋母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),并(bing)與家人(ren)道(dao):“不(bu)(bu)見母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),吾不(bu)(bu)返矣”,精誠(cheng)所(suo)至,朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)終于在同州(zhou)(zhou)找(zhao)到了自己的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)身母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin),當年(nian)(nian)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)分(fen)離(li)時,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)尚年(nian)(nian)幼(you),五十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)重逢,老母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)已七十(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)余(yu),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)也年(nian)(nian)過半百了。原來,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)劉氏(shi)(shi)離(li)開朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家以(yi)后(hou)(hou),改嫁黨氏(shi)(shi),又有(you)子(zi)女(nv)數(shu)人(ren),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)視之(zhi)(zhi)如親(qin)弟妹,全部(bu)接回家中(zhong)供(gong)養,有(you)人(ren)將朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)棄(qi)官(guan)尋母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)事上奏宋(song)(song)神宗(zong)趙頊:“嗟君(jun)(jun)七歲知念(nian)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),憐(lian)君(jun)(jun)壯大心(xin)愈若,不(bu)(bu)受白日(ri)升青(qing)天,愛(ai)君(jun)(jun)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)(chang)新服,兒啼卻得(de)償當年(nian)(nian)……感君(jun)(jun)離(li)合我酸辛,此事今(jin)無(wu)(wu)古或(huo)聞……”。王安石詩云:彩衣東笑上歸(gui)船,萊氏(shi)(shi)歡(huan)娛(yu)在晚年(nian)(nian),嗟我白頭生(sheng)(sheng)意盡(jin),看君(jun)(jun)今(jin)日(ri)盡(jin)凄然。從(cong)此,朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)棄(qi)官(guan)千里尋母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)事遍傳天下(xia),孝子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)名得(de)于遐邇。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)官(guan)至司農少卿、朝(chao)議大夫,中(zhong)散大夫,年(nian)(nian)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)而卒。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)棄(qi)官(guan)尋母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一(yi)事,歷代廣為(wei)流(liu)(liu)傳。天長(chang)(chang)秦欄舊有(you)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)孝子(zi)墓,明弘治年(nian)(nian)間(jian),曾立碑(bei)于墓側,嘉(jia)靖(jing)年(nian)(nian)間(jian),建孝子(zi)祠。
朱壽昌棄官(guan)尋母之事(shi),遠(yuan)近(jin)傳(chuan)揚,京兆守官(guan)錢明逸將此(ci)事(shi)奏明朝(chao)廷,皇(huang)帝宋神宗夸獎其孝(xiao)行,恢復其官(guan)職,王安石、蘇頌、蘇東坡等爭先寫(xie)詩撰(zhuan)文(wen)贊美(mei)其品(pin)。