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生產條件

南澳縣(xian)是中國(guo)十二個(ge)(ge)海(hai)島(dao)縣(xian)之一，也是廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)唯一的海(hai)島(dao)縣(xian)，地(di)處閩(min)、粵、臺(tai)三省(sheng)交(jiao)界(jie)，主島(dao)周(zhou)圍10米等(deng)(deng)深(shen)線內海(hai)域(yu)面(mian)積24.6萬畝，其(qi)中可養(yang)(yang)面(mian)積10萬畝，海(hai)域(yu)面(mian)積廣(guang)闊，海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)生(sheng)物(wu)豐富，海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)生(sheng)物(wu)種(zhong)類達1300多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)。南澳屬亞熱帶海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)季風氣(qi)(qi)候，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫21.5℃，海(hai)區(qu)營養(yang)(yang)鹽(yan)充足(zu)，餌料生(sheng)物(wu)種(zhong)類多(duo)(duo)樣，海(hai)區(qu)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫22.5℃，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)鹽(yan)度32%，溶(rong)解氧6.95毫(hao)米∕升(sheng)，PH值(zhi)7.8～8.2，水質COD含量為(wei)0.28～1.42毫(hao)克∕升(sheng)，海(hai)水養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)不(bu)受工農(nong)業、居(ju)民生(sheng)活等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)的污染，潮流暢通。南澳海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)自然條件優越，沿海(hai)岸(an)線海(hai)域(yu)有(you)案嶼、獵(lie)嶼、虎嶼、官嶼等(deng)(deng)十多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)島(dao)嶼作(zuo)為(wei)天然屏障，形成(cheng)了龍門灣(wan)、白沙灣(wan)等(deng)(deng)具有(you)自然優勢(shi)的天然養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)，對發展太平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)牡蠣養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)業具有(you)得天獨(du)厚的優勢(shi)。

質量特色

蠣殼(ke)：色(se)澤(ze)呈(cheng)翠綠色(se)，呈(cheng)近(jin)等腰三(san)角形，左右對稱(cheng)，殼(ke)長在6cm以(yi)(yi)上，重量25克以(yi)(yi)上；蠣體：肉質飽滿、細(xi)嫩，呈(cheng)乳白(bai)或灰白(bai)色(se)，無(wu)寄生蟲；口感：鮮美、細(xi)嫩，多吃不膩(ni)。

文化背景

南(nan)澳牡蠣(li)肉由于味鮮美(mei)(mei)，營養全，成(cheng)為(wei)餐桌上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)食(shi)和市(shi)(shi)場上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)搶手貨，深(shen)受消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)歡(huan)迎。長期以(yi)來，南(nan)澳牡蠣(li)以(yi)南(nan)澳本島和粵東為(wei)主要市(shi)(shi)場，并不斷(duan)輻(fu)射到廣(guang)州、深(shen)圳(zhen)等全省各(ge)地(di)，在這些地(di)方的(de)(de)(de)酒樓、餐館、超市(shi)(shi)和集貿市(shi)(shi)場都有標明“南(nan)澳牡蠣(li)”牌(pai)子的(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)，市(shi)(shi)場銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)價(jia)格比同類產品(pin)高15%-25%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。互聯網上(shang)(shang)也(ye)(ye)有許多關(guan)于南(nan)澳牡蠣(li)的(de)(de)(de)信息傳播，《南(nan)澳縣志》也(ye)(ye)早有記載。特(te)別(bie)是隨著(zhu)南(nan)澳旅游業的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)一步升(sheng)溫(wen)和上(shang)(shang)島游客的(de)(de)(de)逐年增加，更大(da)大(da)提(ti)升(sheng)了(le)南(nan)澳牡蠣(li)的(de)(de)(de)知名(ming)度，廣(guang)大(da)游客被南(nan)澳牡蠣(li)深(shen)深(shen)吸引，上(shang)(shang)島非(fei)吃(chi)南(nan)澳牡蠣(li)不可。南(nan)澳牡蠣(li)已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)南(nan)澳飲食(shi)業的(de)(de)(de)招(zhao)牌(pai)菜。

養殖情況

南澳縣(xian)(xian)努力推動太平(ping)洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展，使太平(ping)洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)為(wei)該縣(xian)(xian)海水養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)重(zhong)要產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)支柱及拳頭產(chan)(chan)品。2005年全縣(xian)(xian)海水養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)總面積(ji)達(da)4.13萬畝，產(chan)(chan)量5.38萬噸(dun)，產(chan)(chan)值18785萬元，其(qi)中(zhong)太平(ping)洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)達(da)2.1萬畝，占全縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)51%，養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)量3.78萬噸(dun)，占全縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)量70.4%。太平(ping)洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)已成(cheng)為(wei)該縣(xian)(xian)漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟(ji)的一(yi)個(ge)新增長點，成(cheng)為(wei)解決(jue)轉產(chan)(chan)轉業(ye)(ye)(ye)漁(yu)民(min)及下崗職工生活出路的一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要途徑，也是壯(zhuang)大漁(yu)農村集體(ti)經濟(ji)的新產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，達(da)到漁(yu)民(min)增收、漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)增效，確保了漁(yu)區的穩定。

太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)在(zai)該縣(xian)已有(you)20多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史，1984年(nian)從青島引進太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)種苗(miao)20畝，在(zai)深澳白(bai)沙(sha)灣(wan)(wan)西南側(ce)灘涂(tu)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)開展(zhan)木(mu)樁(zhuang)式吊養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)試(shi)(shi)驗，當年(nian)試(shi)(shi)驗獲(huo)得(de)成功。經過十多(duo)年(nian)來水產(chan)科(ke)技(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)對太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術及養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式進行試(shi)(shi)驗、探索、研(yan)究和(he)實(shi)踐，總結出(chu)一(yi)套深水延繩(sheng)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管理經驗，促(cu)(cu)進了(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業向規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)、科(ke)學化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新局面(mian)。特(te)別是2000年(nian)對太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)施了(le)(le)貝藻(zao)類(lei)(lei)混養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)立體(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)式，即是太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)與龍(long)須菜(cai)、紫菜(cai)等(deng)藻(zao)類(lei)(lei)進行混養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、間養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)3:1，即太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)3畝，龍(long)須菜(cai)、紫菜(cai)等(deng)藻(zao)類(lei)(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)則(ze)為(wei)(wei)1畝，通過貝藻(zao)類(lei)(lei)混養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、間養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)促(cu)(cu)進養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品種生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相互作用，改善了(le)(le)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水質，提高了(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品種單位(wei)產(chan)量(liang)，防止了(le)(le)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)富營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)和(he)貝類(lei)(lei)暴發(fa)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病害。為(wei)(wei)使太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業可(ke)持續(xu)健(jian)康發(fa)展(zhan)，該縣(xian)對深澳白(bai)沙(sha)灣(wan)(wan)等(deng)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)進行科(ke)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)和(he)多(duo)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清理整治，制訂了(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管理制度，并核發(fa)了(le)(le)《養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證》。還(huan)先后出(chu)臺(tai)了(le)(le)《南澳縣(xian)水域灘涂(tu)海(hai)(hai)水增(zeng)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》、《南澳縣(xian)海(hai)(hai)水增(zeng)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暫行規(gui)(gui)定》等(deng)有(you)關地方性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)(gui)，使該縣(xian)海(hai)(hai)水養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)走上(shang)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)道路。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)原產(chan)于日(ri)本、澳大(da)利亞，是一(yi)種養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周期短、產(chan)量(liang)高、肉(rou)質肥美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優良貝類(lei)(lei)。1999年(nian)8月(yue)，南澳國(guo)家(jia)五部委批準為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)科(ke)技(ji)興(xing)海(hai)(hai)示范(fan)基(ji)地后，大(da)膽承擔了(le)(le)國(guo)家(jia)863海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)項目《太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)三倍體(ti)(ti)育苗(miao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中試(shi)(shi)》，在(zai)青島海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)大(da)學專家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導下(xia)，建起(qi)了(le)(le)年(nian)可(ke)培育太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)苗(miao)2000畝以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育苗(miao)中心，據國(guo)家(jia)有(you)關部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)地驗收(shou)，在(zai)南澳生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三倍體(ti)(ti)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)成貝開口死亡率(lv)、每串重(zhong)量(liang)分別比(bi)二倍體(ti)(ti)減少(shao)50%和(he)增(zeng)長107%，為(wei)(wei)南澳獲(huo)取太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高產(chan)、穩(wen)產(chan)，推動養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)業化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)奠定了(le)(le)堅實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)，也成為(wei)(wei)項目奪得(de)全(quan)國(guo)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)創(chuang)新成果一(yi)等(deng)獎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5個中試(shi)(shi)基(ji)地之(zhi)一(yi)。

與(yu)此同時(shi)，南澳(ao)(ao)縣著眼太平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模化發(fa)展(zhan)，把它作為全縣海水養(yang)殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)重點項目來抓(zhua)，形成5大養(yang)殖區，全縣養(yang)殖面積從1998年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3000畝(mu)增(zeng)至(zhi)2002年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1萬畝(mu)，總面積增(zeng)長了(le)2.3倍(bei)，成為中國南方太平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)養(yang)殖基地(di)之(zhi)一(yi)。深澳(ao)(ao)白沙灣太平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)殖基地(di)是南澳(ao)(ao)縣最早開發(fa)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基地(di)，到2002年(nian)，整個養(yang)殖基地(di)僅(jin)吊養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)面積就達(da)4000畝(mu)，年(nian)總產(chan)量(liang)1萬噸，產(chan)值1000萬元(yuan)。

經濟效益

通過(guo)努力，該縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養殖(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)取得了(le)快(kuai)速發(fa)展，2006年(nian)(nian)，全縣(xian)(xian)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養殖(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)達(da)(da)(da)到(dao)2.1萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。2006年(nian)(nian)太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養殖(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)量達(da)(da)(da)3.78萬(wan)(wan)噸，占全縣(xian)(xian)海(hai)產(chan)量49.78%，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)漁業(ye)(ye)結構調整后一(yi)(yi)大重點優勢產(chan)業(ye)(ye)，也(ye)(ye)是全縣(xian)(xian)海(hai)水養殖(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)之一(yi)(yi)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)生(sheng)活出路。2006年(nian)(nian)，全縣(xian)(xian)從(cong)事太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養殖(zhi)(zhi)專業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)員達(da)(da)(da)到(dao)3000人(ren)(ren)，季(ji)節性兼(jian)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)員2500人(ren)(ren)，發(fa)展太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養殖(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)，已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)漁村家(jia)庭的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)經濟收入(ru)。以(yi)深澳鎮為(wei)(wei)例，該鎮從(cong)事海(hai)水養殖(zhi)(zhi)專業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)員達(da)(da)(da)到(dao)2000名，季(ji)節性兼(jian)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)員達(da)(da)(da)到(dao)1500人(ren)(ren)，年(nian)(nian)勞平(ping)(ping)基本(ben)收入(ru)達(da)(da)(da)到(dao)5000～8000元(yuan)，有40%達(da)(da)(da)到(dao)2萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)以(yi)上(shang)。漁村富余勞力，轉(zhuan)產(chan)轉(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)漁民的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活出路問題也(ye)(ye)得以(yi)解(jie)決。隨(sui)著(zhu)海(hai)水養殖(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)迅猛(meng)發(fa)展，群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)經濟收入(ru)提高了(le)，生(sheng)活改(gai)善(shan)了(le)，群眾(zhong)年(nian)(nian)存款儲蓄額達(da)(da)(da)1000多萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)，居全縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)平(ping)(ping)儲蓄之首，這些存款幾乎都是養殖(zhi)(zhi)收入(ru)。