生產條件
南(nan)澳縣(xian)是中(zhong)國十二(er)個(ge)(ge)海(hai)(hai)(hai)島縣(xian)之一(yi),也是廣(guang)東(dong)省唯一(yi)的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)島縣(xian),地處閩、粵、臺三(san)省交界,主島周圍(wei)10米(mi)等(deng)深線內海(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)24.6萬畝,其中(zhong)可養面(mian)積(ji)(ji)10萬畝,海(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)廣(guang)闊,海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋生(sheng)物(wu)豐(feng)富(fu),海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋生(sheng)物(wu)種(zhong)類達(da)1300多種(zhong)。南(nan)澳屬亞熱帶海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋季風氣(qi)候(hou),年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫21.5℃,海(hai)(hai)(hai)區營(ying)養鹽充足(zu),餌料生(sheng)物(wu)種(zhong)類多樣(yang),海(hai)(hai)(hai)區年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫22.5℃,年(nian)平(ping)均鹽度(du)32%,溶解氧6.95毫米(mi)∕升(sheng),PH值7.8~8.2,水(shui)質COD含(han)量為0.28~1.42毫克∕升(sheng),海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)養殖區不受工農業、居民生(sheng)活等(deng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)污染(ran),潮流暢通。南(nan)澳海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋自然(ran)(ran)(ran)條件優(you)越,沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸線海(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)有(you)(you)案嶼(yu)、獵嶼(yu)、虎嶼(yu)、官嶼(yu)等(deng)十多個(ge)(ge)島嶼(yu)作為天然(ran)(ran)(ran)屏障,形(xing)成(cheng)了龍門灣、白沙(sha)灣等(deng)具有(you)(you)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)(de)天然(ran)(ran)(ran)養殖區,對發展太平(ping)洋牡蠣養殖業具有(you)(you)得天獨(du)厚(hou)的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)。
質量特色
蠣(li)殼:色(se)澤呈翠綠色(se),呈近等腰三(san)角形(xing),左右(you)對稱,殼長在6cm以上,重量25克(ke)以上;蠣(li)體:肉(rou)質飽滿、細(xi)嫩(nen),呈乳白或灰白色(se),無寄生蟲;口(kou)感:鮮(xian)美、細(xi)嫩(nen),多(duo)吃(chi)不膩(ni)。
文化背景
南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)肉由(you)于味鮮美(mei),營(ying)養全,成為(wei)餐桌上的(de)(de)美(mei)食和(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)上的(de)(de)搶(qiang)手貨,深受消費者的(de)(de)歡迎。長期以(yi)來,南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)以(yi)南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)本(ben)島和(he)粵東為(wei)主要市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang),并(bing)不(bu)斷輻(fu)射到廣州、深圳等全省各地(di),在這些地(di)方(fang)的(de)(de)酒樓、餐館、超市(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)集貿市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)都有(you)標明“南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)”牌子的(de)(de)產(chan)品銷(xiao)售(shou),市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)銷(xiao)售(shou)價格比(bi)同(tong)類(lei)產(chan)品高15%-25%以(yi)上。互聯網上也有(you)許多關(guan)于南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)的(de)(de)信息傳(chuan)播,《南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)縣(xian)志》也早有(you)記(ji)載。特(te)別是(shi)隨著(zhu)南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)旅游業(ye)的(de)(de)進一(yi)步升(sheng)溫和(he)上島游客的(de)(de)逐年(nian)增加,更大大提升(sheng)了南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)的(de)(de)知(zhi)名(ming)度,廣大游客被南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)深深吸(xi)引,上島非吃南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)不(bu)可。南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)已成為(wei)南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)飲食業(ye)的(de)(de)招(zhao)牌菜。
養殖情況
南澳縣(xian)努(nu)力推(tui)動太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋牡蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)發展,使太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋牡蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)成(cheng)為(wei)該(gai)(gai)縣(xian)海(hai)水(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)重要(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)支柱(zhu)及拳頭產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品。2005年全縣(xian)海(hai)水(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)總面(mian)積達4.13萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量5.38萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值18785萬(wan)(wan)(wan)元,其(qi)中太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋牡蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積達2.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝,占全縣(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積51%,養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量3.78萬(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun),占全縣(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量70.4%。太(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋牡蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)已成(cheng)為(wei)該(gai)(gai)縣(xian)漁(yu)(yu)業(ye)(ye)經濟的一個新增(zeng)長(chang)點,成(cheng)為(wei)解決轉(zhuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)轉(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)漁(yu)(yu)民及下崗職工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)活出路的一個重要(yao)途(tu)徑,也是壯(zhuang)大漁(yu)(yu)農村(cun)集體(ti)經濟的新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye),達到漁(yu)(yu)民增(zeng)收、漁(yu)(yu)業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)效,確保了漁(yu)(yu)區(qu)的穩定。
太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)在該縣已有20多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)從青(qing)島引進太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)苗(miao)20畝,在深澳(ao)(ao)白沙灣西(xi)南(nan)(nan)側灘涂(tu)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)木樁式(shi)(shi)吊養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)試驗(yan),當年(nian)(nian)(nian)試驗(yan)獲得(de)成(cheng)功。經過十(shi)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)科技人員對(dui)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)技術(shu)及養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)進行(xing)(xing)試驗(yan)、探(tan)索、研(yan)究和(he)實(shi)(shi)踐,總結出一(yi)(yi)套深水(shui)(shui)(shui)延繩式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管理經驗(yan),促(cu)進了(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)業(ye)向規(gui)模化(hua)(hua)、科學(xue)化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新局面(mian)。特別(bie)是(shi)2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)對(dui)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)實(shi)(shi)施了(le)(le)(le)貝(bei)藻(zao)類混(hun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)立體生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)模式(shi)(shi),即是(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)與龍須菜(cai)(cai)、紫(zi)菜(cai)(cai)等藻(zao)類進行(xing)(xing)混(hun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、間養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)面(mian)積比例為(wei)(wei)3:1,即太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)3畝,龍須菜(cai)(cai)、紫(zi)菜(cai)(cai)等藻(zao)類養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)面(mian)積則(ze)為(wei)(wei)1畝,通過貝(bei)藻(zao)類混(hun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、間養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)促(cu)進養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)品種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)相互(hu)作用,改善(shan)了(le)(le)(le)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi),提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)品種(zhong)單(dan)位(wei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang),防止了(le)(le)(le)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)富營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)和(he)貝(bei)類暴發性的(de)(de)(de)(de)病害。為(wei)(wei)使(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)業(ye)可持(chi)續健康發展(zhan),該縣對(dui)深澳(ao)(ao)白沙灣等太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)進行(xing)(xing)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)和(he)多次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清理整治,制(zhi)(zhi)訂(ding)了(le)(le)(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管理制(zhi)(zhi)度,并核發了(le)(le)(le)《養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)證(zheng)》。還先后出臺(tai)了(le)(le)(le)《南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)域灘涂(tu)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)增養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)》、《南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)縣海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)增養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)暫行(xing)(xing)規(gui)定》等有關(guan)(guan)地(di)方(fang)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)法律法規(gui),使(shi)該縣海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)走(zou)上規(gui)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)道路。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)于日本、澳(ao)(ao)大(da)利亞,是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)周(zhou)期短、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)高(gao)、肉(rou)質(zhi)肥美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優良(liang)貝(bei)類。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue),南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)國(guo)家(jia)五部委批準為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)科技興海(hai)(hai)示范(fan)基(ji)地(di)后,大(da)膽承擔了(le)(le)(le)國(guo)家(jia)863海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)重大(da)項(xiang)目《太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)三(san)倍體育苗(miao)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)中試》,在青(qing)島海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)大(da)學(xue)專家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指導下,建起了(le)(le)(le)年(nian)(nian)(nian)可培育太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)苗(miao)2000畝以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)育苗(miao)中心,據國(guo)家(jia)有關(guan)(guan)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)地(di)驗(yan)收(shou),在南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)倍體太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)貝(bei)開(kai)(kai)口死亡率(lv)、每串重量(liang)分別(bie)比二倍體減(jian)少50%和(he)增長107%,為(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)澳(ao)(ao)獲取太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、穩產(chan)(chan)(chan),推動養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)奠定了(le)(le)(le)堅實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎,也(ye)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)項(xiang)目奪得(de)全國(guo)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)創新成(cheng)果一(yi)(yi)等獎的(de)(de)(de)(de)5個(ge)中試基(ji)地(di)之一(yi)(yi)。
與此(ci)同時,南(nan)澳(ao)縣(xian)著眼太平(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)的(de)規模化(hua)發(fa)展,把它作為全縣(xian)海水養(yang)殖(zhi)的(de)重(zhong)點項目(mu)來抓,形成(cheng)5大養(yang)殖(zhi)區,全縣(xian)養(yang)殖(zhi)面積從1998年(nian)(nian)的(de)3000畝增至(zhi)2002年(nian)(nian)的(de)1萬畝,總面積增長了(le)2.3倍,成(cheng)為中國南(nan)方(fang)太平(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)的(de)主(zhu)要養(yang)殖(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)之一。深澳(ao)白(bai)沙灣太平(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)殖(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)是(shi)南(nan)澳(ao)縣(xian)最早開(kai)發(fa)建設(she)的(de)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di),到2002年(nian)(nian),整(zheng)個養(yang)殖(zhi)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)僅吊(diao)養(yang)的(de)太平(ping)洋(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)面積就達4000畝,年(nian)(nian)總產量1萬噸,產值1000萬元。
經濟效益
通過努力(li),該縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)平(ping)洋牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業取得了(le)快速發(fa)展,2006年,全縣(xian)(xian)太(tai)平(ping)洋牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達到(dao)(dao)2.1萬(wan)畝。2006年太(tai)平(ping)洋牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)量達3.78萬(wan)噸,占(zhan)全縣(xian)(xian)海(hai)產(chan)(chan)量49.78%,成為(wei)(wei)漁(yu)業結構調整(zheng)后一大重點優勢產(chan)(chan)業,也是(shi)全縣(xian)(xian)海(hai)水(shui)養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要產(chan)(chan)業之一,成為(wei)(wei)群(qun)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要生(sheng)活出路。2006年,全縣(xian)(xian)從(cong)事太(tai)平(ping)洋牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專業人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)達到(dao)(dao)3000人(ren),季節性(xing)兼業人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)2500人(ren),發(fa)展太(tai)平(ping)洋牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),已成為(wei)(wei)漁(yu)村家庭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要經濟(ji)收(shou)(shou)入。以(yi)深澳鎮(zhen)為(wei)(wei)例,該鎮(zhen)從(cong)事海(hai)水(shui)養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專業人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)達到(dao)(dao)2000名,季節性(xing)兼業人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)達到(dao)(dao)1500人(ren),年勞(lao)平(ping)基本(ben)收(shou)(shou)入達到(dao)(dao)5000~8000元(yuan),有(you)40%達到(dao)(dao)2萬(wan)元(yuan)以(yi)上。漁(yu)村富余勞(lao)力(li),轉產(chan)(chan)轉業漁(yu)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活出路問題也得以(yi)解決。隨(sui)著(zhu)海(hai)水(shui)養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)迅猛發(fa)展,群(qun)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)收(shou)(shou)入提高了(le),生(sheng)活改(gai)善了(le),群(qun)眾年存款儲蓄(xu)額達1000多(duo)萬(wan)元(yuan),居全縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)平(ping)儲蓄(xu)之首,這些存款幾乎都是(shi)養殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)收(shou)(shou)入。