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生產條件

南澳縣是中(zhong)國(guo)十二個海(hai)島(dao)縣之(zhi)一，也是廣東省唯一的海(hai)島(dao)縣，地處閩(min)、粵(yue)、臺三省交界，主島(dao)周圍10米等(deng)深線(xian)內海(hai)域(yu)(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積24.6萬畝(mu)，其中(zhong)可養面(mian)(mian)積10萬畝(mu)，海(hai)域(yu)(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積廣闊，海(hai)洋(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)豐(feng)富(fu)，海(hai)洋(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)達1300多種(zhong)。南澳屬亞熱帶海(hai)洋(yang)季風氣(qi)候，年平均氣(qi)溫21.5℃，海(hai)區(qu)營(ying)養鹽充足，餌料生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)多樣，海(hai)區(qu)年平均氣(qi)溫22.5℃，年平均鹽度32%，溶解氧(yang)6.95毫(hao)米∕升，PH值7.8～8.2，水(shui)質COD含量為0.28～1.42毫(hao)克∕升，海(hai)水(shui)養殖區(qu)不受工農業、居民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活等(deng)方面(mian)(mian)的污染，潮流(liu)暢通(tong)。南澳海(hai)洋(yang)自然條(tiao)件優(you)越，沿(yan)海(hai)岸線(xian)海(hai)域(yu)(yu)(yu)有案嶼(yu)、獵嶼(yu)、虎嶼(yu)、官(guan)嶼(yu)等(deng)十多個島(dao)嶼(yu)作為天(tian)(tian)然屏(ping)障，形成了龍(long)門灣、白沙灣等(deng)具有自然優(you)勢的天(tian)(tian)然養殖區(qu)，對發展太(tai)平洋(yang)牡蠣(li)養殖業具有得(de)天(tian)(tian)獨厚的優(you)勢。

質量特色

蠣(li)殼(ke)：色澤(ze)呈(cheng)(cheng)翠綠(lv)色，呈(cheng)(cheng)近(jin)等腰三角形，左右對稱，殼(ke)長(chang)在6cm以上，重量(liang)25克以上；蠣(li)體：肉質飽(bao)滿、細嫩，呈(cheng)(cheng)乳白或灰白色，無寄生蟲；口感：鮮美、細嫩，多吃不膩。

文化背景

南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)牡蠣肉(rou)由于(yu)味鮮美，營養(yang)全(quan)，成為(wei)餐(can)桌上(shang)(shang)的(de)美食(shi)和(he)市(shi)場上(shang)(shang)的(de)搶手(shou)貨(huo)，深(shen)受消費(fei)者的(de)歡迎。長(chang)期以(yi)來，南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)牡蠣以(yi)南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)本島和(he)粵(yue)東為(wei)主要市(shi)場，并不斷(duan)輻射到廣州、深(shen)圳等全(quan)省各地，在這些地方的(de)酒(jiu)樓、餐(can)館、超(chao)市(shi)和(he)集貿市(shi)場都有(you)標明(ming)“南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)牡蠣”牌(pai)子(zi)的(de)產品(pin)銷售，市(shi)場銷售價格比同類產品(pin)高15%-25%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。互(hu)聯網(wang)上(shang)(shang)也有(you)許多關于(yu)南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)牡蠣的(de)信(xin)息傳播，《南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)縣(xian)志》也早有(you)記載。特別是隨著南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)旅游業(ye)的(de)進一(yi)步升(sheng)溫和(he)上(shang)(shang)島游客的(de)逐年增加，更大(da)大(da)提升(sheng)了南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)牡蠣的(de)知名度，廣大(da)游客被南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)牡蠣深(shen)深(shen)吸(xi)引(yin)，上(shang)(shang)島非吃南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)牡蠣不可。南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)牡蠣已成為(wei)南(nan)澳(ao)(ao)飲食(shi)業(ye)的(de)招(zhao)牌(pai)菜。

養殖情況

南澳縣努(nu)力推動太(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)殖業發展，使太(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)殖生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)成(cheng)為該縣海水養(yang)(yang)殖業重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業支(zhi)柱及拳頭產(chan)(chan)(chan)品。2005年全縣海水養(yang)(yang)殖總面積達4.13萬(wan)畝(mu)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)5.38萬(wan)噸，產(chan)(chan)(chan)值18785萬(wan)元，其中(zhong)太(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)殖面積達2.1萬(wan)畝(mu)，占(zhan)全縣養(yang)(yang)殖面積51%，養(yang)(yang)殖產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)3.78萬(wan)噸，占(zhan)全縣養(yang)(yang)殖產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)70.4%。太(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)(yang)牡(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)(yang)殖生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)已成(cheng)為該縣漁(yu)(yu)業經濟(ji)的一個(ge)新增(zeng)長(chang)點(dian)，成(cheng)為解決轉(zhuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)轉(zhuan)業漁(yu)(yu)民及下崗(gang)職工生(sheng)活出(chu)路的一個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)途徑，也是壯(zhuang)大(da)漁(yu)(yu)農村(cun)集體經濟(ji)的新產(chan)(chan)(chan)業，達到漁(yu)(yu)民增(zeng)收、漁(yu)(yu)業增(zeng)效，確保(bao)了漁(yu)(yu)區的穩定。

太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)在該(gai)縣(xian)已有(you)(you)20多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷史，1984年(nian)從青(qing)島引進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)苗20畝(mu)，在深(shen)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)白沙灣西南側灘涂海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)開展(zhan)木樁式(shi)吊養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，當年(nian)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)獲(huo)得(de)成(cheng)功(gong)。經過十(shi)多(duo)年(nian)來水(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)科技人員對(dui)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)及(ji)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、探(tan)索、研究和實踐，總結出一套深(shen)水(shui)延繩式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)和生產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)經驗(yan)(yan)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業向規模化(hua)、科學(xue)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)局面(mian)。特別是2000年(nian)對(dui)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實施了(le)貝(bei)(bei)藻類(lei)(lei)混養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)立體(ti)(ti)生態(tai)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模式(shi)，即是太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)與龍(long)(long)須菜、紫(zi)菜等藻類(lei)(lei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)混養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、間養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，其生態(tai)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)3:1，即太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)3畝(mu)，龍(long)(long)須菜、紫(zi)菜等藻類(lei)(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積則為(wei)(wei)1畝(mu)，通過貝(bei)(bei)藻類(lei)(lei)混養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、間養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)生物(wu)鏈的(de)(de)(de)相互作用，改善了(le)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)質，提(ti)高(gao)了(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)單(dan)位產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)，防(fang)止了(le)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)富營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)和貝(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)暴(bao)發(fa)(fa)性的(de)(de)(de)病害。為(wei)(wei)使太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業可(ke)持續健(jian)康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，該(gai)縣(xian)對(dui)深(shen)澳(ao)(ao)(ao)白沙灣等太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)和多(duo)次的(de)(de)(de)清理(li)整治，制訂了(le)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)制度，并核發(fa)(fa)了(le)《養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證》。還先后出臺了(le)《南澳(ao)(ao)(ao)縣(xian)水(shui)域(yu)灘涂海(hai)水(shui)增(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)》、《南澳(ao)(ao)(ao)縣(xian)海(hai)水(shui)增(zeng)(zeng)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暫行(xing)規定》等有(you)(you)關地(di)方(fang)性的(de)(de)(de)法律法規，使該(gai)縣(xian)海(hai)水(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)走上規范化(hua)道(dao)路。太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)原產(chan)(chan)(chan)于日本、澳(ao)(ao)(ao)大(da)利(li)亞，是一種(zhong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周期(qi)短(duan)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)高(gao)、肉質肥美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)優良貝(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)。1999年(nian)8月，南澳(ao)(ao)(ao)國家(jia)(jia)五部(bu)委批準為(wei)(wei)全國科技興海(hai)示(shi)范基地(di)后，大(da)膽承(cheng)擔了(le)國家(jia)(jia)863海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)生物(wu)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)重大(da)項目《太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)三倍(bei)體(ti)(ti)育苗養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)試(shi)》，在青(qing)島海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)大(da)學(xue)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)指導下，建起了(le)年(nian)可(ke)培育太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)苗2000畝(mu)以上的(de)(de)(de)育苗中(zhong)心，據國家(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)關部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)實地(di)驗(yan)(yan)收，在南澳(ao)(ao)(ao)生長的(de)(de)(de)三倍(bei)體(ti)(ti)太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)貝(bei)(bei)開口(kou)死亡率(lv)、每(mei)串(chuan)重量(liang)分別比(bi)二倍(bei)體(ti)(ti)減少(shao)50%和增(zeng)(zeng)長107%，為(wei)(wei)南澳(ao)(ao)(ao)獲(huo)取太(tai)(tai)(tai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)蠣(li)(li)(li)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、穩(wen)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，推動(dong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)奠定了(le)堅實的(de)(de)(de)基礎，也(ye)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)項目奪(duo)得(de)全國海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)(yang)創(chuang)新(xin)成(cheng)果一等獎的(de)(de)(de)5個(ge)中(zhong)試(shi)基地(di)之一。

與此同時，南澳縣(xian)(xian)著(zhu)眼太(tai)平洋(yang)牡蠣的(de)規模化發展，把它作為全縣(xian)(xian)海(hai)水(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖的(de)重點項(xiang)目來抓，形(xing)成5大(da)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖區，全縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖面積從1998年(nian)的(de)3000畝增至2002年(nian)的(de)1萬畝，總(zong)面積增長了2.3倍，成為中國(guo)南方太(tai)平洋(yang)牡蠣的(de)主要養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖基(ji)地之(zhi)一。深(shen)澳白沙(sha)灣太(tai)平洋(yang)牡蠣養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖基(ji)地是南澳縣(xian)(xian)最早開(kai)發建設的(de)基(ji)地，到2002年(nian)，整個養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖基(ji)地僅吊養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)太(tai)平洋(yang)牡蠣面積就(jiu)達(da)4000畝，年(nian)總(zong)產(chan)量1萬噸，產(chan)值1000萬元。

經濟效益

通過努力(li)，該縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業取得(de)了(le)快速發(fa)展，2006年(nian)，全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)達到(dao)2.1萬(wan)畝。2006年(nian)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)量(liang)達3.78萬(wan)噸，占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)產(chan)量(liang)49.78%，成為(wei)漁業結構調整后一大(da)重(zhong)點優勢(shi)產(chan)業，也是(shi)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要產(chan)業之(zhi)一，成為(wei)群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要生(sheng)活(huo)出路。2006年(nian)，全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)從事(shi)太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)業人(ren)(ren)員達到(dao)3000人(ren)(ren)，季節性(xing)(xing)兼(jian)(jian)業人(ren)(ren)員2500人(ren)(ren)，發(fa)展太(tai)平(ping)(ping)洋(yang)(yang)牡(mu)(mu)蠣(li)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)，已成為(wei)漁村家庭的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要經濟收入。以(yi)(yi)深澳鎮為(wei)例，該鎮從事(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)業人(ren)(ren)員達到(dao)2000名，季節性(xing)(xing)兼(jian)(jian)業人(ren)(ren)員達到(dao)1500人(ren)(ren)，年(nian)勞平(ping)(ping)基本(ben)收入達到(dao)5000～8000元，有40%達到(dao)2萬(wan)元以(yi)(yi)上。漁村富余勞力(li)，轉(zhuan)產(chan)轉(zhuan)業漁民的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)出路問題也得(de)以(yi)(yi)解(jie)決。隨著(zhu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)迅猛發(fa)展，群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)經濟收入提高了(le)，生(sheng)活(huo)改(gai)善了(le)，群眾(zhong)年(nian)存款(kuan)儲(chu)蓄額達1000多萬(wan)元，居全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)平(ping)(ping)儲(chu)蓄之(zhi)首，這些(xie)存款(kuan)幾乎都是(shi)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)收入。