劍麻(ma)纖維,又(you)稱(cheng)西紗爾麻(ma),具有纖維長,色澤潔(jie)白(bai),質地(di)堅韌,富(fu)有彈性(xing),拉力強,耐磨等(deng)特(te)點,能制(zhi)(zhi)出耐摩(mo)擦、耐酸堿、耐腐蝕和不易打滑之特(te)點的眾多品(pin)質,可(ke)制(zhi)(zhi)作紗條、繩索、拋光輪、地(di)毯(tan)、絮墊(dian)、劍麻(ma)墻紙、鋼絲繩芯、紙幣及工藝品(pin)等(deng)各種劍麻(ma)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin),并廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用于漁業(ye)、航海、工礦、運輸、油田等(deng)事(shi)業(ye)上(shang)。
劍麻(ma)葉片內含豐(feng)富(fu)的纖(xian)(xian)維,纖(xian)(xian)維細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)呈長(chang)(chang)形,細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)腔(qiang)大而長(chang)(chang),壁厚,具有(you)纖(xian)(xian)維長(chang)(chang)、色澤潔白、質地(di)堅韌、富(fu)有(you)彈性、拉(la)力(li)強的特(te)點,能(neng)制(zhi)出耐(nai)(nai)磨擦(ca)、耐(nai)(nai)酸堿、耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕和不易(yi)打(da)滑(hua)之特(te)點的眾(zhong)多產(chan)品(pin),并廣(guang)(guang)泛應用(yong)于漁業(ye)、航海、工礦、運輸、油田等(deng)事業(ye)上(shang)。耐(nai)(nai)摩擦(ca)和海浸,用(yong)于制(zhi)繩、結網(wang)、織毯等(deng)。短亂纖(xian)(xian)維作絮(xu)墊和填料,葉汁提取蛋白酶皂素等(deng)。劍麻(ma)具有(you)喜(xi)溫、耐(nai)(nai)旱的特(te)點,適(shi)于熱(re)帶、亞(ya)熱(re)帶廣(guang)(guang)大地(di)區栽培。劍麻(ma)原(yuan)產(chan)中美(mei)洲,現世界(jie)上(shang)劍麻(ma)的主要(yao)產(chan)國有(you)巴西(xi)、坦桑尼亞(ya)等(deng),我國劍麻(ma)主要(yao)分布在廣(guang)(guang)東雷(lei)州(zhou)半島、廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)部分地(di)區及海南島。
劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)是湛江市的特色(se)作物(wu),所形成(cheng)的產(chan)業也是優勢產(chan)業,湛江市的劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植業始于(yu)上世紀六十年代,主(zhu)要由湛江農(nong)墾(ken)局(ju)(原粵西農(nong)墾(ken)局(ju))進行生產(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)植。劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)的纖維(wei)(wei)含量由于(yu)不足5%,必須經(jing)過初加工(gong)(gong),提取出(chu)纖維(wei)(wei)才能投放市場。因此,湛江地區(qu)的劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)從一(yi)開始就注重劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)的加工(gong)(gong)問題,并從初、中級(ji)加工(gong)(gong)開始不斷向劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)制(zhi)品的深加工(gong)(gong)發展。到目前止,研制(zhi)開發的劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)產(chan)品已有10多個系列(lie),上百個品種(zhong)(zhong),主(zhu)要包括劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)纖維(wei)(wei)、劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)紗條(tiao)、白(bai)棕繩(sheng)、劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)地毯、拋(pao)光布、拋(pao)光輪、劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)麻(ma)(ma)墻紙(zhi)、鋼絲(si)繩(sheng)芯等(deng)。