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龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)是中國傳(chuan)統名(ming)茶(cha)，著名(ming)綠茶(cha)之一。產于(yu)浙(zhe)江杭州西湖(hu)龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)村(cun)一帶，已(yi)有一千二百(bai)余(yu)年(nian)歷(li)史。龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)色澤翠綠，香氣濃郁，甘醇爽口(kou)，形如(ru)雀(que)舌(she)，即有“色綠、香郁、味甘、形美”四絕的特點。龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)得(de)名(ming)于(yu)龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)位于(yu)西湖(hu)之西翁(weng)家(jia)山的西北麓的龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)村(cun)。龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)因其產地(di)(di)不同，分為西湖(hu)龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、錢塘龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)（蕭山、富陽）、越(yue)(yue)州龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)（紹興地(di)(di)區：包括新昌縣（大佛龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)）、嵊州市（越(yue)(yue)鄉龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)））三(san)種，除了杭州市西湖(hu)區所管(guan)轄的范圍（龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)村(cun)梅家(jia)塢至龍(long)(long)塢轉塘 十三(san)個(ge)生產大隊）的茶(cha)葉叫(jiao)作西湖(hu)龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)外，其它產地(di)(di)產的俗稱(cheng)為浙(zhe)江龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)茶(cha)。浙(zhe)江龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)又以越(yue)(yue)州龍(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為勝。

西湖(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)井位(wei)列中國(guo)(guo)十(shi)大名(ming)(ming)茶之首，清乾(qian)隆游覽杭州西湖(hu)時(shi)，盛贊龍(long)(long)(long)井茶，并把(ba)獅峰山下胡(hu)公廟(miao)前(qian)的十(shi)八棵茶樹封為(wei)“御茶”。得名(ming)(ming)于(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)井。龍(long)(long)(long)井位(wei)于(yu)西湖(hu)之西翁家山的西北麓，也就是現在(zai)的龍(long)(long)(long)井村。龍(long)(long)(long)井原(yuan)名(ming)(ming)龍(long)(long)(long)泓，是一個圓(yuan)形(xing)的泉(quan)池，大旱不涸(he)，古(gu)人以為(wei)此(ci)泉(quan)與海相通，其中有(you)龍(long)(long)(long)，因稱龍(long)(long)(long)井，傳(chuan)說晉代葛洪曾在(zai)此(ci)煉丹。離(li)龍(long)(long)(long)井500米左(zuo)右的落(luo)暉塢有(you)龍(long)(long)(long)井寺(si)，俗稱老龍(long)(long)(long)井，創建于(yu)五(wu)代后漢乾(qian)祐二(er)年(nian)（949年(nian)），初名(ming)(ming)報國(guo)(guo)看經院(yuan)。北宋時(shi)改名(ming)(ming)壽(shou)圣(sheng)院(yuan)。南(nan)宋時(shi)又改稱廣福院(yuan)、延(yan)恩衍慶寺(si)。明正統(tong)三年(nian)（1438年(nian)）才遷移至井畔，現寺(si)已廢，辟為(wei)茶室。

茶品歷史

始產于唐朝，明(ming)(ming)(ming)代益盛。在清明(ming)(ming)(ming)前(qian)(qian)(qian)采(cai)制(zhi)的(de)(de)叫(jiao)“明(ming)(ming)(ming)前(qian)(qian)(qian)茶”，谷雨前(qian)(qian)(qian)采(cai)制(zhi)的(de)(de)叫(jiao)“雨前(qian)(qian)(qian)茶”。向有“雨前(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)上品，明(ming)(ming)(ming)前(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)珍品”的(de)(de)說法，還有“早(zao)采(cai)一天(tian)是(shi)寶，晚采(cai)一天(tian)是(shi)草”的(de)(de)說法。龍(long)井(jing)茶泡飲時，但見(jian)芽(ya)芽(ya)直立，湯(tang)色清洌，幽香四溢，尤(you)以一芽(ya)一葉、俗稱“一旗(qi)一槍(qiang)”者為極品。

先時此茶按(an)產(chan)期先后及芽(ya)葉嫩老，分為八級，即“蓮(lian)心、雀(que)舌、極品、明前(qian)、雨前(qian)、頭春(chun)、二春(chun)、長大”。今分為十一級，即特級與一至十級。一斤特級龍井(jing)，約(yue)有(you)茶芽(ya)達八萬個之(zhi)多。獅(shi)峰山上的(de)龍井(jing)為龍井(jing)茶中之(zhi)上品。該茶采摘有(you)嚴(yan)格要求，有(you)只(zhi)采一個嫩芽(ya)的(de)，有(you)采一芽(ya)一葉或一芽(ya)二葉初展的(de)。其制工亦(yi)極為講(jiang)究，在炒制工藝中有(you)抖、挺、扣、抓、壓(ya)、磨、搭、捺、拓、甩(shuai)等十大手法。操作時變化多端，令人叫絕(jue)(jue)。四絕(jue)(jue)品質則是：色綠、香郁、味醇、形美清(qing)代(dai)品茶名(ming)家贊譽龍井(jing)：“甘香如蘭，幽而不(bu)洌，啜之(zhi)淡(dan)然，看似無(wu)味，而飲后感太和之(zhi)氣彌漫齒額之(zhi)間(jian)，此無(wu)味之(zhi)味，乃至味也。”

浙(zhe)江龍井茶(cha)，堪與傳統名(ming)茶(cha)"西湖(hu)龍井"相(xiang)媲美(mei)，是(shi)浙(zhe)江名(ming)茶(cha)譜中的(de)后起之(zhi)秀。蕭山是(shi)浙(zhe)江龍井茶(cha)的(de)發(fa)源地(di)和主產區(qu)。浙(zhe)江龍井茶(cha)在我市(shi)的(de)社會(hui)價值要超過它的(de)經濟(ji)價值。在招待親朋好友時或(huo)喜慶宴會(hui)后，如能飲上(shang)一杯"色、香、味、形"俱佳的(de)龍井茶(cha)，可以增添親切熱烈的(de)氣(qi)氛。

西湖(hu)龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)，因產于中(zhong)國杭州西湖(hu)的(de)龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)區而得名(ming)(ming)(ming)。中(zhong)國十大名(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)之一(yi)。欲把(ba)西湖(hu)比西子(zi)，從來佳(jia)茗似佳(jia)人。龍井(jing)既是(shi)地名(ming)(ming)(ming)，又是(shi)泉(quan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)和茶(cha)(cha)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。茶(cha)(cha)有“四絕(jue)”：色綠、香(xiang)郁(yu)、味(wei)甘、形美。特級西湖(hu)龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)扁平光(guang)滑挺直，色澤(ze)嫩綠光(guang)潤，香(xiang)氣鮮嫩清(qing)高(gao)，滋味(wei)鮮爽甘醇，葉底細嫩呈(cheng)朵(duo)。清(qing)明節前采制的(de)龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)簡(jian)稱(cheng)明前龍井(jing)，美稱(cheng)女(nv)兒紅(hong)，“院外(wai)風荷(he)西子(zi)笑，明前龍井(jing)女(nv)兒紅(hong)。”這優美的(de)句(ju)子(zi)如詩如畫(hua)，堪稱(cheng)西湖(hu)龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)的(de)絕(jue)妙(miao)寫真。集名(ming)(ming)(ming)山、名(ming)(ming)(ming)寺、名(ming)(ming)(ming)湖(hu)、名(ming)(ming)(ming)泉(quan)和名(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)于一(yi)體，泡一(yi)杯龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)，喝出的(de)卻(que)是(shi)世所罕見的(de)獨特而驕人的(de)龍井(jing)茶(cha)(cha)文化。

產地分布

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶名聞(wen)中外，根據產(chan)地(di)分(fen)獅(shi)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、云(yun)、虎龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶 ，即(ji)獅(shi)峰、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)、云(yun)棲、虎跑四(si)地(di)，民國后梅家塢的(de)產(chan)量有了很大的(de)提(ti)高。以前(qian)(qian)人(ren)們按照五個產(chan)地(di)的(de)不同品質劃(hua)分(fen)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶的(de)質量排名，分(fen)別是獅(shi)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、云(yun)、虎、梅。解放后，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶在浙江省內得到了廣泛的(de)種植(zhi)，品質參(can)差不齊，當前(qian)(qian)統一分(fen)為西(xi)湖(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)、大佛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)、錢塘龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)和越(yue)州龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)，以西(xi)湖(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)品質最佳。特級龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)茶需要在鐵鍋里用(yong)(yong)手翻炒，一次只能炒250克茶青，需耗時30分(fen)鐘(zhong)。茶鍋用(yong)(yong)電器加(jia)熱一般保(bao)持在250氏度左右(you)。千年來西(xi)湖(hu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)(jing)(jing)被世界(jie)追(zhui)捧，市價居高不下，少留(liu)于市。