松(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)古代茶(cha)(cha)林中(zhong)獨(du)樹(shu)一幟(zhi)。早在(zai)三國(guo)時(shi)期(qi),松(song)陽(yang)就開始出產(chan)茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie),到了(le)唐(tang)代已(yi)很(hen)興盛。唐(tang)朝大詩人(ren)戴叔倫任東(dong)陽(yang)縣令期(qi)間,曾訪松(song)陽(yang)橫山(shan)寺,老僧人(ren)奉上一碗(wan)當地產(chan)的橫山(shan)茶(cha)(cha)。
歷史
戴叔倫沉醉于(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)香,不(bu)覺日(ri)落西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan),不(bu)勝感慨(kai),乃賦詩《橫(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)》:“偶入(ru)橫(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)寺,溪(xi)深路更(geng)(geng)幽。露涵(han)松(song)(song)(song)翠滴,風涌浪花浮。老(lao)衲(na)供茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碗,斜陽(yang)(yang)送(song)客舟。自緣歸思促,不(bu)得更(geng)(geng)遲留。”至宋代,松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)飲(yin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之風日(ri)甚(shen),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao)盛(sheng)行,僧侶(lv)、文(wen)人(ren)(ren)樂于(yu)“斗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”(即(ji)表演(yan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao))而不(bu)疲。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)祖謙(qian)禪師曾居西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)白鶴殿修行,他是(shi)(shi)當時有(you)名的(de)(de)“斗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”高手,其與大詩人(ren)(ren)蘇軾友善。一日(ri),與蘇東(dong)坡(po)相會(hui)敘話(hua),并為(wei)蘇東(dong)坡(po)“斗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”。東(dong)坡(po)先生(sheng)欽佩祖謙(qian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao)精深,乃贈詩《西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)》:“道(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)曉(xiao)出西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan),來(lai)施點茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)三(san)昧手。忽驚午盞兔毫(hao)斑,打(da)作春(chun)甕鵝兒酒(jiu)。天臺乳花世不(bu)見(jian),玉川鳳(feng)液今(jin)何有(you)?東(dong)坡(po)有(you)意續茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經,要使祖謙(qian)名不(bu)朽(xiu)。”據(ju)說(shuo),后人(ren)(ren)在整理西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)白鶴殿地基(ji)時,發現(xian)一石碑上(shang)刻有(you)蘇軾的(de)(de)這首詩。邑人(ren)(ren)明代貢生(sheng)詹嘉卿在《萬壽山(shan)(shan)(shan)》一詩中(zhong)云:“空廚竹(zhu)畔無煙火,細和(he)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聲有(you)竹(zhu)雞(ji)。”描寫了煮茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聲和(he)雞(ji)鳴聲相和(he)的(de)(de)悠閑田園生(sheng)活(huo),可見(jian)當時飲(yin)用(yong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)尋常百姓(xing)家已是(shi)(shi)普(pu)遍現(xian)象。清(qing)代鄉賢周圣教(jiao)在《西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)懷(huai)古》詩中(zhong)寫到:“汲水(shui)煮茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)氣味清(qing),一飲(yin)人(ren)(ren)疑(yi)有(you)仙骨”。品飲(yin)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),能(neng)令人(ren)(ren)神清(qing)氣爽,足(zu)見(jian)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)極佳(jia)品質。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)化源遠流(liu)長(chang),用(yong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)民俗別(bie)具(ju)一格,歷代相沿成習,形成了獨特(te)的(de)(de)地域文(wen)化。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉影(ying)響了松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)民1800多年(nian)的(de)(de)社會(hui)生(sheng)活(huo),也(ye)影(ying)響了松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)1800多年(nian)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)化。時至今(jin)日(ri),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉與人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)關系(xi)更(geng)(geng)為(wei)緊(jin)密,人(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)日(ri)常生(sheng)活(huo)離不(bu)開(kai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)對當地老(lao)百姓(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)影(ying)響尤為(wei)深刻。到2010年(nian),全縣(xian)已有(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉面積(ji)11.02萬畝(mu),逾8萬多農(nong)(nong)民從事茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)業,產(chan)值近2億元(yuan),發展茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業已成為(wei)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)農(nong)(nong)民增收(shou)的(de)(de)主要渠(qu)道(dao)(dao)。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之所(suo)以在今(jin)日(ri)能(neng)廣為(wei)人(ren)(ren)知,行銷全國(guo),不(bu)僅源于(yu)現(xian)實社會(hui)對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉的(de)(de)大量(liang)需(xu)求,更(geng)(geng)源于(yu)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)統(tong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)化的(de)(de)厚(hou)積(ji)薄(bo)發。
傳說
相傳,唐景龍年間,浙(zhe)西(xi)一帶遭受瘟(wen)疫(yi)之災,松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)百(bai)姓染疫(yi)者(zhe)甚多,許(xu)多百(bai)姓家庭因此人(ren)亡家破(po)。眾多患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)求(qiu)治于民間郎(lang)中,郎(lang)中們無術可施。松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)百(bai)姓人(ren)心惶惶,只見患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)日(ri)漸增多,疫(yi)情日(ri)益嚴(yan)重。在武當山(shan)游訪的(de)(de)葉(xie)法(fa)(fa)善(shan)聞知故土松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)遭受瘟(wen)疫(yi),立(li)即趕(gan)回松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)卯(mao)山(shan),召(zhao)集(ji)眾多道士采制(zhi)卯(mao)山(shan)仙(xian)茶(cha)(cha),煮卯(mao)山(shan)仙(xian)泉泡(pao)茶(cha)(cha),并開觀施茶(cha)(cha)七七四十九天。當地(di)百(bai)姓聞迅(xun)紛紛前往討(tao)取卯(mao)山(shan)仙(xian)茶(cha)(cha)水(shui),許(xu)多患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)飲(yin)用數次后,漸有(you)好轉終(zhong)至痊愈。一度肆虐蔓延(yan)的(de)(de)瘟(wen)疫(yi)終(zhong)被降(jiang)服(fu)。葉(xie)法(fa)(fa)善(shan)因此被松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)百(bai)姓奉為濟世救俗(su)的(de)(de)“葉(xie)天師(shi)”,后來(lai)各(ge)地(di)紛紛建立(li)“天師(shi)殿(dian)”,供人(ren)們敬奉。截(jie)至2010年松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)縣境(jing)內仍有(you)多處“天師(shi)殿(dian)”及其遺跡,在當地(di)依(yi)然(ran)流傳著葉(xie)天師(shi)施茶(cha)(cha)消災的(de)(de)傳說。這些“天師(shi)殿(dian)”弘(hong)揚了(le)葉(xie)法(fa)(fa)善(shan)助人(ren)救世的(de)(de)松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)道精神。
發展
據當(dang)今(jin)《松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)縣志》記載,1929年(nian)松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)西湖(hu)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)博(bo)覽會上獲(huo)一等獎,從此,松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)上名聲遠揚。抗日戰(zhan)爭時期,為避戰(zhan)亂,浙江省農(nong)(nong)業改進(jin)所曾(ceng)遷松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang),并在(zai)(zai)(zai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)建立(li)過橫山試驗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)場和橫山制(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠,以作(zuo)改良(liang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種、提高茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)之示范(fan),提高松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)農(nong)(nong)的栽培、采(cai)摘、制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)等技術水平,推動松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)的改良(liang)。20世紀(ji)60年(nian)代,赤壽公社紅連大隊開墾出百余畝“紅連示范(fan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)其帶動下,幾年(nian)間全縣規范(fan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園面積(ji)達到(dao)近萬畝。在(zai)(zai)(zai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)傳統制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)工藝(yi)的基礎上,松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)縣農(nong)(nong)業局于20世紀(ji)80年(nian)代初組(zu)織研(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)出了“松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)銀(yin)猴(hou)”新品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。從2002年(nian)以來,“松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)銀(yin)猴(hou)”的知名度(du)、美(mei)譽度(du)不斷提高,2003年(nian)被評為省名牌產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),2004年(nian)被評為浙江十大名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)人對松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的不斷研(yan)究開發,傳承(cheng)了傳統松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)工藝(yi),弘揚了松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)的茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道精神,促進(jin)了松(song)(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)業的不斷發展壯大。