松陽茶葉在(zai)中(zhong)國古(gu)代茶林中(zhong)獨樹一幟。早在(zai)三國時期,松陽就開始出產(chan)茶葉,到(dao)了唐代已(yi)很興盛。唐朝大詩(shi)人戴叔倫任東陽縣(xian)令期間,曾訪(fang)松陽橫山寺(si),老僧(seng)人奉(feng)上一碗當地產(chan)的橫山茶。
歷史
戴(dai)叔倫(lun)沉醉(zui)于茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)香,不(bu)覺日(ri)落西(xi)山(shan),不(bu)勝感慨,乃(nai)賦詩《橫山(shan)》:“偶入橫山(shan)寺,溪深路更(geng)(geng)(geng)幽。露涵松(song)(song)(song)翠滴,風涌浪花(hua)浮。老衲供茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碗,斜陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)送(song)客舟。自緣歸思促,不(bu)得更(geng)(geng)(geng)遲留。”至宋(song)代,松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飲茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之風日(ri)甚,茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)盛(sheng)行,僧侶(lv)、文(wen)人(ren)(ren)樂于“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”(即表演(yan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao))而不(bu)疲。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)祖(zu)謙禪師曾居(ju)西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)白鶴(he)殿修行,他是(shi)當(dang)時有名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”高手,其與大(da)詩人(ren)(ren)蘇軾友善。一(yi)日(ri),與蘇東(dong)坡(po)相會(hui)敘話,并為蘇東(dong)坡(po)“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”。東(dong)坡(po)先生(sheng)欽(qin)佩祖(zu)謙茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)精深,乃(nai)贈詩《西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)》:“道(dao)人(ren)(ren)曉出西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan),來施(shi)點茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)三昧手。忽(hu)驚午盞兔毫斑(ban),打作春甕鵝(e)兒酒。天臺乳花(hua)世不(bu)見(jian),玉(yu)川鳳液今何有?東(dong)坡(po)有意續茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經,要(yao)使祖(zu)謙名(ming)不(bu)朽(xiu)。”據說,后人(ren)(ren)在(zai)整理西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)白鶴(he)殿地(di)基時,發現一(yi)石碑上刻有蘇軾的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)首詩。邑人(ren)(ren)明(ming)代貢生(sheng)詹(zhan)嘉卿在(zai)《萬壽山(shan)》一(yi)詩中云:“空廚竹畔無煙火(huo),細(xi)和茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聲(sheng)有竹雞。”描寫(xie)了煮(zhu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聲(sheng)和雞鳴聲(sheng)相和的(de)(de)(de)悠閑田園(yuan)生(sheng)活(huo),可見(jian)當(dang)時飲用茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)尋常百姓(xing)家已是(shi)普遍現象。清代鄉賢(xian)周圣教在(zai)《西(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)懷古》詩中寫(xie)到:“汲水煮(zhu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)氣(qi)味(wei)清,一(yi)飲人(ren)(ren)疑有仙骨(gu)”。品飲松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),能令人(ren)(ren)神清氣(qi)爽,足見(jian)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)佳品質。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)化(hua)源遠流長,用茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)民(min)俗別具一(yi)格(ge),歷代相沿成習,形成了獨特的(de)(de)(de)地(di)域文(wen)化(hua)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)影(ying)響(xiang)了松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)1800多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)生(sheng)活(huo),也影(ying)響(xiang)了松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)1800多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統文(wen)化(hua)。時至今日(ri),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)與人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)為緊密,人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)常生(sheng)活(huo)離不(bu)開茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)對當(dang)地(di)老百姓(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)尤為深刻。到2010年,全(quan)(quan)縣已有茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)面積(ji)11.02萬畝(mu),逾8萬多(duo)農民(min)從事茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)業,產(chan)值近(jin)2億元,發展茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業已成為松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)農民(min)增(zeng)收的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)渠(qu)道(dao)。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之所以在(zai)今日(ri)能廣為人(ren)(ren)知,行銷全(quan)(quan)國,不(bu)僅源于現實社(she)會(hui)對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)需(xu)求,更(geng)(geng)(geng)源于松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)傳(chuan)統茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)厚積(ji)薄發。
傳說
相傳,唐景龍(long)年(nian)間(jian),浙西一(yi)帶遭受(shou)(shou)瘟疫之災,松(song)陽(yang)(yang)百(bai)姓(xing)染疫者(zhe)(zhe)甚多(duo)(duo),許(xu)多(duo)(duo)百(bai)姓(xing)家(jia)庭因此人亡家(jia)破。眾多(duo)(duo)患者(zhe)(zhe)求治于民間(jian)郎中,郎中們無(wu)術可施(shi)(shi)。松(song)陽(yang)(yang)百(bai)姓(xing)人心惶惶,只見患者(zhe)(zhe)日漸增多(duo)(duo),疫情日益嚴重。在武當山游訪的(de)葉(xie)法善聞知(zhi)故土松(song)陽(yang)(yang)遭受(shou)(shou)瘟疫,立(li)即趕回松(song)陽(yang)(yang)卯山,召集眾多(duo)(duo)道士(shi)采制(zhi)卯山仙茶(cha)(cha)(cha),煮卯山仙泉(quan)泡茶(cha)(cha)(cha),并開觀施(shi)(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)七七四(si)十(shi)九天。當地百(bai)姓(xing)聞迅紛(fen)紛(fen)前往討(tao)取卯山仙茶(cha)(cha)(cha)水,許(xu)多(duo)(duo)患者(zhe)(zhe)飲用數(shu)次后,漸有(you)好(hao)轉(zhuan)終(zhong)至痊(quan)愈。一(yi)度肆虐(nve)蔓延的(de)瘟疫終(zhong)被降(jiang)服。葉(xie)法善因此被松(song)陽(yang)(yang)百(bai)姓(xing)奉為(wei)濟世(shi)救(jiu)(jiu)俗的(de)“葉(xie)天師(shi)(shi)”,后來各地紛(fen)紛(fen)建立(li)“天師(shi)(shi)殿(dian)(dian)”,供人們敬奉。截至2010年(nian)松(song)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)境內仍有(you)多(duo)(duo)處“天師(shi)(shi)殿(dian)(dian)”及其遺跡,在當地依然(ran)流傳著葉(xie)天師(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)消災的(de)傳說(shuo)。這些“天師(shi)(shi)殿(dian)(dian)”弘(hong)揚了葉(xie)法善助人救(jiu)(jiu)世(shi)的(de)松(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)道精(jing)神。
發展
據當今《松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣志》記載,1929年松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)在西湖國際博(bo)覽會上獲一等獎(jiang),從(cong)此,松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)在國際上名聲遠揚。抗日戰(zhan)爭時期,為避戰(zhan)亂,浙江(jiang)省農(nong)業改(gai)進(jin)所(suo)曾遷松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),并在松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)建立過(guo)橫山(shan)試驗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)場和橫山(shan)制茶(cha)(cha)(cha)廠,以(yi)(yi)作(zuo)改(gai)良茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)品種(zhong)、提(ti)高(gao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)品質之示(shi)范(fan),提(ti)高(gao)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)農(nong)的栽(zai)培、采摘、制作(zuo)等技術水平,推動松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)品質的改(gai)良。20世紀60年代(dai),赤(chi)壽(shou)公社(she)紅(hong)連(lian)大(da)隊開(kai)墾出百余(yu)畝“紅(hong)連(lian)示(shi)范(fan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園”,在其帶動下(xia),幾年間全縣規范(fan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園面積達(da)到(dao)近萬畝。在松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)傳統制作(zuo)工藝(yi)的基礎上,松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣農(nong)業局于20世紀80年代(dai)初組織(zhi)研制生產(chan)出了“松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)銀猴”新品。從(cong)2002年以(yi)(yi)來,“松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)銀猴”的知名度(du)、美(mei)譽(yu)度(du)不(bu)斷提(ti)高(gao),2003年被(bei)評為省名牌產(chan)品,2004年被(bei)評為浙江(jiang)十大(da)名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)人對松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)的不(bu)斷研究開(kai)發,傳承了傳統松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)的制作(zuo)工藝(yi),弘揚了松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的茶(cha)(cha)(cha)道精神,促(cu)進(jin)了松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)業的不(bu)斷發展壯(zhuang)大(da)。