松(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)在(zai)中國古代茶(cha)林中獨樹一幟(zhi)。早在(zai)三(san)國時(shi)期,松(song)(song)陽(yang)就(jiu)開始出(chu)產茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie),到了唐代已(yi)很興(xing)盛。唐朝大詩人戴叔(shu)倫任(ren)東陽(yang)縣令(ling)期間,曾訪松(song)(song)陽(yang)橫山(shan)寺,老僧人奉上一碗當(dang)地(di)產的橫山(shan)茶(cha)。
歷史
戴叔倫沉(chen)醉(zui)于(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)香,不(bu)(bu)覺日落西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan),不(bu)(bu)勝感慨,乃賦(fu)詩《橫(heng)(heng)山(shan)》:“偶入橫(heng)(heng)山(shan)寺,溪深(shen)路更(geng)幽(you)。露(lu)涵松(song)翠滴,風涌(yong)浪(lang)花浮。老衲供茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碗,斜陽(yang)(yang)送客舟。自(zi)緣歸思促(cu),不(bu)(bu)得更(geng)遲留。”至(zhi)宋(song)代(dai)(dai),松(song)陽(yang)(yang)飲(yin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)風日甚,茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao)(dao)盛行,僧(seng)侶、文(wen)(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)樂于(yu)“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”(即表(biao)演茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao)(dao))而不(bu)(bu)疲(pi)。松(song)陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)祖謙禪師(shi)曾居西(xi)(xi)(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)白(bai)(bai)鶴(he)殿(dian)修行,他是(shi)當時有(you)(you)名的(de)(de)“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”高手(shou),其與大詩人(ren)(ren)(ren)蘇(su)軾友(you)善。一(yi)日,與蘇(su)東(dong)坡(po)相(xiang)會敘話,并為(wei)(wei)(wei)蘇(su)東(dong)坡(po)“斗(dou)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”。東(dong)坡(po)先生(sheng)欽佩祖謙茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao)(dao)精深(shen),乃贈詩《西(xi)(xi)(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)》:“道(dao)(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)曉出西(xi)(xi)(xi)屏(ping)山(shan),來施點茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)三昧(mei)手(shou)。忽驚午(wu)盞兔毫斑,打作春甕鵝(e)兒(er)酒。天臺乳花世不(bu)(bu)見,玉川鳳液今何有(you)(you)?東(dong)坡(po)有(you)(you)意(yi)續(xu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經(jing),要使祖謙名不(bu)(bu)朽。”據(ju)說,后人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)整理西(xi)(xi)(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)白(bai)(bai)鶴(he)殿(dian)地(di)(di)基時,發(fa)現一(yi)石碑(bei)上刻有(you)(you)蘇(su)軾的(de)(de)這首詩。邑(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)明代(dai)(dai)貢生(sheng)詹(zhan)嘉卿(qing)在(zai)《萬壽山(shan)》一(yi)詩中(zhong)云:“空廚竹(zhu)(zhu)畔(pan)無煙火,細(xi)和茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聲有(you)(you)竹(zhu)(zhu)雞(ji)。”描寫了煮(zhu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聲和雞(ji)鳴聲相(xiang)和的(de)(de)悠閑田園(yuan)生(sheng)活(huo),可(ke)見當時飲(yin)用茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)松(song)陽(yang)(yang)尋(xun)常(chang)百(bai)姓家已是(shi)普遍現象。清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)鄉(xiang)賢周圣教在(zai)《西(xi)(xi)(xi)屏(ping)山(shan)懷古》詩中(zhong)寫到:“汲水煮(zhu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)氣味清(qing)(qing),一(yi)飲(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)疑有(you)(you)仙骨”。品飲(yin)松(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),能(neng)令人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)清(qing)(qing)氣爽(shuang),足見松(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)極(ji)佳品質(zhi)。松(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)源(yuan)遠流長,用茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)民俗別(bie)具一(yi)格,歷代(dai)(dai)相(xiang)沿(yan)成(cheng)習,形成(cheng)了獨(du)特的(de)(de)地(di)(di)域文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)影響(xiang)了松(song)陽(yang)(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民1800多(duo)年的(de)(de)社會生(sheng)活(huo),也(ye)影響(xiang)了松(song)陽(yang)(yang)1800多(duo)年的(de)(de)傳統文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)。時至(zhi)今日,茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)關系更(geng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)緊密,人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)日常(chang)生(sheng)活(huo)離不(bu)(bu)開(kai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)。松(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)對當地(di)(di)老百(bai)姓生(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)深(shen)刻。到2010年,全縣已有(you)(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)積11.02萬畝,逾8萬多(duo)農民從事茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)業,產(chan)值近(jin)2億(yi)元,發(fa)展茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業已成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)松(song)陽(yang)(yang)農民增(zeng)收的(de)(de)主(zhu)要渠道(dao)(dao)(dao)。松(song)陽(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)所以(yi)在(zai)今日能(neng)廣為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)知,行銷全國,不(bu)(bu)僅源(yuan)于(yu)現實社會對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)大量需求,更(geng)源(yuan)于(yu)松(song)陽(yang)(yang)傳統茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)厚積薄發(fa)。
傳說
相(xiang)傳,唐景龍年(nian)間,浙西一帶(dai)遭受瘟疫(yi)(yi)之災,松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)百(bai)姓染疫(yi)(yi)者甚(shen)多(duo)(duo),許多(duo)(duo)百(bai)姓家庭因此(ci)人(ren)亡家破。眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)患者求治于民間郎(lang)中,郎(lang)中們無術可施。松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)百(bai)姓人(ren)心惶(huang)惶(huang),只見患者日漸增多(duo)(duo),疫(yi)(yi)情日益嚴(yan)重。在武當山游訪(fang)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)法善(shan)聞知故土松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)遭受瘟疫(yi)(yi),立(li)即趕回松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)卯山,召集眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)道(dao)士采(cai)制卯山仙(xian)茶(cha)(cha),煮卯山仙(xian)泉泡茶(cha)(cha),并(bing)開(kai)觀施茶(cha)(cha)七七四十(shi)九天(tian)(tian)。當地(di)(di)百(bai)姓聞迅紛(fen)紛(fen)前往討(tao)取卯山仙(xian)茶(cha)(cha)水,許多(duo)(duo)患者飲用數(shu)次后,漸有(you)好(hao)轉終至痊(quan)愈(yu)。一度肆虐蔓延的(de)(de)瘟疫(yi)(yi)終被(bei)降(jiang)服。葉(xie)(xie)法善(shan)因此(ci)被(bei)松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)百(bai)姓奉為濟世(shi)救俗(su)的(de)(de)“葉(xie)(xie)天(tian)(tian)師”,后來各地(di)(di)紛(fen)紛(fen)建立(li)“天(tian)(tian)師殿(dian)”,供(gong)人(ren)們敬奉。截至2010年(nian)松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣境內仍有(you)多(duo)(duo)處(chu)“天(tian)(tian)師殿(dian)”及其遺跡(ji),在當地(di)(di)依然流傳著葉(xie)(xie)天(tian)(tian)師施茶(cha)(cha)消災的(de)(de)傳說(shuo)。這些“天(tian)(tian)師殿(dian)”弘(hong)揚了葉(xie)(xie)法善(shan)助(zhu)人(ren)救世(shi)的(de)(de)松(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)道(dao)精神。
發展
據當今《松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)志》記載,1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉在(zai)西湖(hu)國際(ji)博(bo)覽會上(shang)獲(huo)一等獎,從(cong)此,松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉在(zai)國際(ji)上(shang)名(ming)聲遠(yuan)揚。抗日(ri)戰爭時期,為(wei)避戰亂(luan),浙(zhe)江(jiang)省農(nong)業(ye)改進所(suo)曾遷松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),并在(zai)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)建立過橫山試驗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)場和(he)橫山制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠,以作改良茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉品(pin)種、提(ti)高茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉品(pin)質(zhi)之示范,提(ti)高松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)農(nong)的(de)(de)(de)栽培、采摘、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作等技(ji)術水平,推(tui)動松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)改良。20世紀60年(nian)(nian)(nian)代,赤壽公社紅(hong)連(lian)大隊開(kai)墾出百余畝“紅(hong)連(lian)示范茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)”,在(zai)其帶動下,幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)規范茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)面(mian)積(ji)達到近萬畝。在(zai)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)傳(chuan)統制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作工藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)業(ye)局(ju)于20世紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代初組織(zhi)研制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生產出了(le)“松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)銀(yin)猴(hou)”新(xin)品(pin)。從(cong)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)以來,“松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)銀(yin)猴(hou)”的(de)(de)(de)知名(ming)度、美(mei)譽度不(bu)斷提(ti)高,2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)被評為(wei)省名(ming)牌產品(pin),2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)被評為(wei)浙(zhe)江(jiang)十大名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)人對松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷研究開(kai)發,傳(chuan)承了(le)傳(chuan)統松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作工藝(yi),弘揚了(le)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)精神(shen),促(cu)進了(le)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷發展壯大。