松(song)陽茶(cha)(cha)葉在中(zhong)國(guo)古代茶(cha)(cha)林中(zhong)獨樹一幟。早在三(san)國(guo)時(shi)期(qi),松(song)陽就開始出產茶(cha)(cha)葉,到了(le)唐代已很興盛(sheng)。唐朝大詩(shi)人戴叔倫(lun)任東陽縣令期(qi)間,曾(ceng)訪松(song)陽橫山寺(si),老僧人奉(feng)上一碗(wan)當地產的橫山茶(cha)(cha)。
歷史
戴叔倫沉醉于(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)香(xiang),不(bu)(bu)覺日(ri)落西(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan),不(bu)(bu)勝感慨,乃(nai)賦詩(shi)(shi)(shi)《橫山(shan)(shan)》:“偶(ou)入橫山(shan)(shan)寺,溪(xi)深(shen)路更幽。露涵松(song)翠滴,風涌浪花浮。老衲(na)供茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碗,斜陽送客舟。自緣歸思(si)促,不(bu)(bu)得更遲留。”至宋代(dai)(dai),松(song)陽飲茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之風日(ri)甚(shen),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao)盛行,僧侶、文人樂于(yu)“斗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”(即表演茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao))而(er)不(bu)(bu)疲。松(song)陽人祖謙禪師曾居(ju)西(xi)(xi)(xi)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan)白(bai)鶴殿(dian)修行,他是當時有(you)名的(de)“斗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”高手(shou),其(qi)與(yu)大詩(shi)(shi)(shi)人蘇(su)軾友(you)善。一日(ri),與(yu)蘇(su)東坡相會敘話,并為(wei)蘇(su)東坡“斗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”。東坡先生欽佩祖謙茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)(dao)精深(shen),乃(nai)贈詩(shi)(shi)(shi)《西(xi)(xi)(xi)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan)》:“道(dao)(dao)人曉出西(xi)(xi)(xi)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan),來施(shi)點茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)三(san)昧手(shou)。忽驚午盞兔毫斑,打作春甕鵝兒(er)酒。天臺(tai)乳花世不(bu)(bu)見,玉川鳳(feng)液今(jin)何(he)有(you)?東坡有(you)意續茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經,要(yao)使祖謙名不(bu)(bu)朽。”據說(shuo),后人在整理西(xi)(xi)(xi)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan)白(bai)鶴殿(dian)地(di)基時,發(fa)(fa)現(xian)一石碑上刻(ke)(ke)有(you)蘇(su)軾的(de)這首詩(shi)(shi)(shi)。邑人明代(dai)(dai)貢生詹嘉卿在《萬(wan)(wan)壽山(shan)(shan)》一詩(shi)(shi)(shi)中云:“空廚竹畔(pan)無煙火(huo),細(xi)和(he)(he)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聲(sheng)有(you)竹雞。”描(miao)寫了(le)煮(zhu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聲(sheng)和(he)(he)雞鳴(ming)聲(sheng)相和(he)(he)的(de)悠閑田(tian)園生活,可見當時飲用(yong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在松(song)陽尋常百姓家(jia)已(yi)是普遍現(xian)象。清代(dai)(dai)鄉(xiang)賢周圣教在《西(xi)(xi)(xi)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)(shan)懷古》詩(shi)(shi)(shi)中寫到(dao):“汲(ji)水煮(zhu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)氣味清,一飲人疑有(you)仙骨”。品飲松(song)陽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),能(neng)令人神清氣爽,足見松(song)陽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)極佳品質。松(song)陽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文化(hua)源(yuan)遠流長,用(yong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)民(min)俗別具(ju)一格,歷代(dai)(dai)相沿(yan)成(cheng)習,形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)獨特的(de)地(di)域文化(hua)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)影(ying)響了(le)松(song)陽人民(min)1800多(duo)年(nian)的(de)社會生活,也影(ying)響了(le)松(song)陽1800多(duo)年(nian)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)文化(hua)。時至今(jin)日(ri),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)與(yu)人們(men)的(de)關(guan)系更為(wei)緊(jin)密,人們(men)的(de)日(ri)常生活離不(bu)(bu)開茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)。松(song)陽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)對當地(di)老百姓生產(chan)、生活的(de)影(ying)響尤為(wei)深(shen)刻(ke)(ke)。到(dao)2010年(nian),全(quan)縣已(yi)有(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)積11.02萬(wan)(wan)畝,逾8萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)農民(min)從事(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)業,產(chan)值近2億元(yuan),發(fa)(fa)展茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)松(song)陽農民(min)增收(shou)的(de)主要(yao)渠(qu)道(dao)(dao)。松(song)陽茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之所以在今(jin)日(ri)能(neng)廣為(wei)人知(zhi),行銷全(quan)國,不(bu)(bu)僅源(yuan)于(yu)現(xian)實社會對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)的(de)大量需求,更源(yuan)于(yu)松(song)陽傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文化(hua)的(de)厚積薄發(fa)(fa)。
傳說
相傳,唐景(jing)龍(long)年間(jian),浙西(xi)一(yi)帶(dai)遭(zao)受(shou)瘟(wen)疫(yi)之災(zai),松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)染疫(yi)者(zhe)甚多(duo)(duo),許(xu)多(duo)(duo)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)家(jia)庭因(yin)此人亡(wang)家(jia)破。眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)患者(zhe)求治于民間(jian)郎中,郎中們無術(shu)可施。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)人心惶惶,只見患者(zhe)日漸增多(duo)(duo),疫(yi)情日益嚴重。在武(wu)當(dang)山(shan)游訪的(de)(de)葉法(fa)善(shan)聞知故土松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)遭(zao)受(shou)瘟(wen)疫(yi),立(li)即趕回(hui)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)卯山(shan),召(zhao)集(ji)眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)道(dao)士采制卯山(shan)仙茶(cha)(cha),煮卯山(shan)仙泉泡茶(cha)(cha),并開觀施茶(cha)(cha)七七四十九(jiu)天(tian)。當(dang)地(di)(di)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)聞迅(xun)紛紛前往(wang)討取卯山(shan)仙茶(cha)(cha)水,許(xu)多(duo)(duo)患者(zhe)飲(yin)用(yong)數次(ci)后,漸有(you)好轉終至痊愈(yu)。一(yi)度肆(si)虐蔓延的(de)(de)瘟(wen)疫(yi)終被降服。葉法(fa)善(shan)因(yin)此被松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)奉為濟世(shi)救(jiu)俗的(de)(de)“葉天(tian)師”,后來各地(di)(di)紛紛建立(li)“天(tian)師殿”,供人們敬奉。截(jie)至2010年松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)縣(xian)境內(nei)仍有(you)多(duo)(duo)處(chu)“天(tian)師殿”及(ji)其遺(yi)跡,在當(dang)地(di)(di)依然流傳著葉天(tian)師施茶(cha)(cha)消災(zai)的(de)(de)傳說。這些“天(tian)師殿”弘揚了葉法(fa)善(shan)助(zhu)人救(jiu)世(shi)的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)茶(cha)(cha)道(dao)精神。
發展
據(ju)當今《松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)縣志》記載(zai),1929年松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉在(zai)(zai)(zai)西湖國際博覽(lan)會上獲一(yi)等(deng)獎,從此,松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉在(zai)(zai)(zai)國際上名(ming)(ming)(ming)聲遠揚。抗日戰(zhan)爭時期,為避戰(zhan)亂,浙江(jiang)省(sheng)農業改進(jin)所曾遷松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),并在(zai)(zai)(zai)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)建立過橫山(shan)(shan)試驗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)場和橫山(shan)(shan)制(zhi)(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠,以(yi)作改良茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉品(pin)(pin)種、提高(gao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉品(pin)(pin)質之示范(fan),提高(gao)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)農的栽培、采摘、制(zhi)(zhi)作等(deng)技術水平,推動松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉品(pin)(pin)質的改良。20世紀60年代,赤壽公社紅連大隊開(kai)墾出百余(yu)畝“紅連示范(fan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)其帶(dai)動下,幾年間全(quan)縣規范(fan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園面積達到近萬畝。在(zai)(zai)(zai)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)傳(chuan)統制(zhi)(zhi)作工藝(yi)的基礎上,松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)縣農業局(ju)于(yu)20世紀80年代初組織研制(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產出了(le)“松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銀(yin)猴”新品(pin)(pin)。從2002年以(yi)來,“松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)銀(yin)猴”的知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)度(du)、美譽度(du)不斷提高(gao),2003年被評為省(sheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產品(pin)(pin),2004年被評為浙江(jiang)十大名(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)人(ren)對松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的不斷研究(jiu)開(kai)發,傳(chuan)承了(le)傳(chuan)統松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的制(zhi)(zhi)作工藝(yi),弘揚了(le)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道精神,促進(jin)了(le)松(song)(song)(song)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產業的不斷發展壯(zhuang)大。