一.產品介紹
縉云米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁栽培歷(li)史悠久。傳說在(zai)黃帝軒轅(yuan)氏煉丹的(de)配藥中(zhong)就有縉云米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁。據元至(zhi)正(zheng)八年(nian)(nian)(公元1348年(nian)(nian))《仙都志》載:草(cao)木可(ke)藥者(zhe)有“芍藥、白術(shu)、復盆子、薏(yi)苡仁”等178種(zhong),列(lie)為當地(di)中(zhong)藥材(cai)資源。縉云縣民間歷(li)來(lai)就有在(zai)田頭地(di)角或低(di)洼田塊或溝渠(qu)邊(bian)種(zhong)植(zhi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁的(de)習慣,在(zai)民間還(huan)普遍采用豬肚(du)裝米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁煮著吃的(de)習俗(su)。有民間小調:“苡米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)勝過靈芝(zhi)草(cao),食藥營養價值(zhi)高,常食可(ke)以(yi)延年(nian)(nian)壽,返老還(huan)童功能(neng)高”。 改革開放后,縉云米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁產業有了長足發展,特別是(shi)進入20世紀后,縉云米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁作為“注射用薏(yi)苡仁油(you)”專(zhuan)用生產原(yuan)料,引起了社會各界的(de)廣泛(fan)關注,并屢獲浙江省農博會金(jin)獎。
二.自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)地(di)(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang):縉云(yun)縣屬浙(zhe)江(jiang)省麗水(shui)(shui)市,是浙(zhe)西南地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)縣,地(di)(di)處(chu)武(wu)夷山(shan)(shan)――戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)隆起地(di)(di)帶(dai)和(he)(he)諸暨-麗水(shui)(shui)-壽寧(ning)斷裂帶(dai)的(de)(de)中段(duan),境內東、南、西群(qun)峰崛(jue)起,地(di)(di)勢(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)峻,中、北(bei)部(bu)陷落成一大(da)片丘陵盆(pen)地(di)(di),并與金(jin)衢盆(pen)地(di)(di)相連(lian)接(jie)。最低海拔110米,最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)海拔1500.6米,地(di)(di)勢(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)差(cha)懸殊,氣候(hou)、植被、耕作制度等垂直(zhi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)明(ming)顯。全縣土地(di)(di)總(zong)面積1503.52平方公里,其中河谷平原(yuan)占5.3%,丘陵占15.7%,山(shan)(shan)區(qu)占79%。 (2)耕地(di)(di)土壤和(he)(he)農(nong)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)情(qing)況(kuang): 縉云(yun)屬山(shan)(shan)區(qu)縣,分(fen)(fen)屬浙(zhe)江(jiang)省甌(ou)江(jiang)、錢塘江(jiang)、靈江(jiang)三大(da)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)的(de)(de)上游地(di)(di)段(duan),區(qu)內山(shan)(shan)澗(jian)密布(bu)。在(zai)長期(qi)的(de)(de)農(nong)業生(sheng)產中,營(ying)造了(le)眾多(duo)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)塘和(he)(he)小型水(shui)(shui)庫,為縉云(yun)米仁(薏苡)生(sheng)產提供(gong)了(le)充(chong)足(zu)的(de)(de)而且(qie)清潔優質的(de)(de)灌溉水(shui)(shui)資源。本區(qu)域(yu)主(zhu)要有黃泥田、山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)黃泥田和(he)(he)培泥沙(sha)田等土壤。由(you)于(yu)本區(qu)域(yu)海拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度懸殊較大(da)(從(cong)110-1500米),所以形成的(de)(de)土壤類型具有多(duo)樣性,pH值4.5-8.6之間(jian)。 (3)氣候(hou)情(qing)況(kuang):屬中亞熱帶(dai)季風氣候(hou)區(qu),四季分(fen)(fen)明(ming),溫和(he)(he)濕潤,日(ri)(ri)照充(chong)足(zu),總(zong)體氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)優越。從(cong)平原(yuan)到(dao)山(shan)(shan)區(qu),年(nian)平均氣溫17.2-13.5℃,無霜期(qi)243-212日(ri)(ri),年(nian)平均日(ri)(ri)照時數1875.3 -1653小時,降水(shui)(shui)量1373-1789毫米,相對濕度72-77%。
三.地域范圍
縉云(yun)米仁(薏(yi)苡)農產(chan)品地(di)理標志的地(di)域(yu)范圍包括:縉云(yun)縣五云(yun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、壺鎮(zhen)(zhen)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、新建鎮(zhen)(zhen)、東(dong)方(fang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、東(dong)渡鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)源鎮(zhen)(zhen)、舒洪(hong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)洋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、七里(li)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雙溪口鄉(xiang)(xiang)、溶江鄉(xiang)(xiang)、三溪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、胡源鄉(xiang)(xiang)、前路鄉(xiang)(xiang)、方(fang)溪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、石筧鄉(xiang)(xiang)全部16個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),地(di)理坐標為東(dong)經119°52′—120°25′,北緯28°25′—28°57′。保護區范圍總面積約20萬畝(mu)。2011年米仁(薏(yi)苡)種植面積6000畝(mu),谷產(chan)量1500多(duo)噸。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性(xing)特征
(1)外在(zai)感官特(te)征:縉云(yun)米仁(ren)(薏苡)果實外稃(fu)白(bai)(bai)色,穎(ying)果為淡黃色,呈(cheng)寬卵形;脫殼(ke)后(hou)(hou)胚乳(ru)(ru)呈(cheng)乳(ru)(ru)白(bai)(bai)色,斷(duan)面玉(yu)白(bai)(bai)色,粉性略糯; 煮后(hou)(hou)湯呈(cheng)乳(ru)(ru)白(bai)(bai)色,略帶清香,無(wu)渣,味微(wei)甜。 (2)內在(zai)品(pin)質指標:水分不(bu)得超過(guo)13.0%。總灰(hui)分不(bu)得超過(guo)2.0%。種仁(ren)中(zhong)粗蛋白(bai)(bai)不(bu)少(shao)(shao)于13.0%,醇溶(rong)性浸出(chu)物(wu)不(bu)得少(shao)(shao)于5.5%,脂類不(bu)得少(shao)(shao)于3.0%。 (3)質量安(an)全:具有(you)《NY/5305-2005無(wu)公(gong)害食品(pin) 粟米》食用安(an)全性要求。
五(wu).特定(ding)生產(chan)方式
縉(jin)云(yun)米仁(ren)(ren)(薏苡(yi))屬于藥食兩(liang)(liang)(liang)用,其品(pin)質要(yao)求相(xiang)對較高,在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程中(zhong)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)特定的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方式。 (1)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)產(chan)地選址要(yao)求:縉(jin)云(yun)米仁(ren)(ren)(薏苡(yi))原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)在(zai)(zai)河道兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊或水(shui)澤地帶,對土壤質地雖然(ran)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)特別(bie)的要(yao)求,一(yi)般土壤都可種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),但以(yi)向陽、潮濕、土層(ceng)深厚(hou)、肥(fei)力(li)較好(hao)的沙(sha)質壤土為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜。在(zai)(zai)具(ju)(ju)體選址時(shi),要(yao)根據當地水(shui)土資源,嚴(yan)格按照《NY?5305—2005?無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)?粟米產(chan)地環(huan)境條件》要(yao)求確定生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)產(chan)地。 (2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(系)的選擇:品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選用當地野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)訓化的縉(jin)云(yun)米仁(ren)(ren)(薏苡(yi))傳統地方品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薏苡(yi)浙7號。 薏苡(yi)浙7號屬禾(he)本(ben)科薏苡(yi)屬。為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草本(ben)C4植(zhi)物(wu),幼苗紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)或漿紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se),后變深綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)。稈(gan)直(zhi)立,分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),多分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝。莖(jing)(jing)粗1cm左(zuo)右,莖(jing)(jing)稈(gan)壁厚(hou),莖(jing)(jing)腔(qiang)小,非實心(xin),株高1.0~2.0m,有(you)(you)(you)(you)10~20節 ,節上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝。葉互(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),長(chang)(chang)披針形(xing),長(chang)(chang)10~40cm,寬1.5~3.0cm,先端漸尖,基部(bu)寬心(xin)形(xing),鞘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)抱莖(jing)(jing),中(zhong)脈粗厚(hou)而明顯(xian)并于葉背(bei)突(tu)起,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)面(mian)光滑,邊緣粗糙(cao)。從幼葉到旗葉的背(bei)面(mian)特別(bie)是莖(jing)(jing)桿表皮有(you)(you)(you)(you)白色(se)(se)(se)粉狀(zhuang)(zhuang)蠟質,干旱時(shi)能(neng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)蒸發(fa),淹水(shui)時(shi)又能(neng)防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)滲入莖(jing)(jing)內,是薏苡(yi)能(neng)耐澇又能(neng)抗(kang)旱的原因之(zhi)一(yi)。薏苡(yi)莖(jing)(jing)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝,各分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝頂(ding)上(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)花(hua)(hua),分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝由葉腋間抽出。花(hua)(hua)序成(cheng)總(zong)(zong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或復總(zong)(zong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)6~10cm,花(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)雌(ci)雄(xiong)(xiong)同株,頂(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或腋生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),小穗(sui)(sui)單性,花(hua)(hua)序上(shang)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui),每節上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)2~3個(ge)(ge)小穗(sui)(sui),上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)雄(xiong)(xiong)小花(hua)(hua),雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)(you)(you)雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊3枚(雌(ci)蕊在(zai)(zai)發(fa)育(yu)過程中(zhong)退化);花(hua)(hua)序下部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui),包(bao)藏在(zai)(zai)骨質總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)中(zhong),常2~3小穗(sui)(sui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于一(yi)節,雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)3個(ge)(ge)雌(ci)小花(hua)(hua),其中(zhong)一(yi)花(hua)(hua)發(fa)育(yu),子(zi)房有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)柱頭(tou),伸出包(bao)鞘之(zhi)外,基部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)退化雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊。穎果成(cheng)熟時(shi),外面(mian)的總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)堅(jian)硬,呈橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)或淡(dan)黃色(se)(se)(se),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁(ren)(ren)卵形(xing),長(chang)(chang)約6mm,直(zhi)徑為(wei)(wei)(wei)4~5mm,背(bei)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),腹面(mian)中(zhong)央有(you)(you)(you)(you)溝,內部(bu)胚和胚乳為(wei)(wei)(wei)白色(se)(se)(se),粉狀(zhuang)(zhuang),糯質。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程控制:在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)參照《NY 5305—2005 無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin) 粟米生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術規程》相(xiang)關要(yao)求,有(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)倡導農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)和物(wu)理防(fang)治(zhi),農(nong)藥使(shi)用應符合GB?4285、GB/T?8321(所有(you)(you)(you)(you)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen))的規定。肥(fei)料(liao)使(shi)用原則應符合NY/T?496的規定。禁止(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用未經國(guo)家或省級農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)門登記的化學和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)。禁止(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用重(zhong)金屬含量超標的肥(fei)料(liao)(有(you)(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)料(liao)及礦(kuang)質肥(fei)料(liao)等)。收獲后,嚴(yan)格按照《NY 5305—2005無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin) 粟米》相(xiang)關部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)進(jin)行加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、包(bao)裝、運(yun)輸和貯存(cun)。
六.包(bao)裝標識相關規定
(1)在地(di)(di)域(yu)范(fan)圍(wei)內的(de)(de)(de)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe),在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包裝(zhuang)上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong) “縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de),必須(xu)向(xiang)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)縣米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)產(chan)(chan)業協(xie)會提出書(shu)(shu)面(mian)申請,經(jing)批(pi)準(zhun)后方可(ke)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 (2)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren),要嚴格按照“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))”的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)要求(qiu)進行(xing)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)化和(he)(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)。統一采用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))”名稱和(he)(he)(he)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注。“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持有(you)人(ren)要加(jia)強對“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)監督檢查、技術咨詢(xun)與服務指(zhi)導,對標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加(jia)工過程、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量等進行(xing)定期跟蹤檢查,實行(xing)動態管(guan)理(li)(li)。 (3)在“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)域(yu)范(fan)圍(wei)內的(de)(de)(de)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe),未向(xiang)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)縣米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)產(chan)(chan)業協(xie)會提出書(shu)(shu)面(mian)申請并(bing)獲(huo)得批(pi)準(zhun),不得使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)。任何單位(wei)和(he)(he)(he)個人(ren)不得偽造和(he)(he)(he)冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)登(deng)記證書(shu)(shu),偽造和(he)(he)(he)冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)登(deng)記證書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de),由有(you)關部(bu)門依(yi)照相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)法規(gui)(gui)進行(xing)處理(li)(li)。