一.產品介紹
縉云(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)(ren)栽培歷史悠久。傳說在黃帝軒轅(yuan)氏煉丹的配(pei)藥(yao)(yao)中就有縉云(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)(ren)。據元(yuan)至正八(ba)年(nian)(公元(yuan)1348年(nian))《仙都志(zhi)》載(zai):草(cao)(cao)木可(ke)藥(yao)(yao)者(zhe)有“芍藥(yao)(yao)、白術、復盆子、薏苡仁(ren)(ren)”等178種,列為當地(di)(di)中藥(yao)(yao)材資(zi)源。縉云(yun)縣(xian)民間(jian)歷來(lai)就有在田(tian)頭地(di)(di)角或低洼田(tian)塊(kuai)或溝渠邊種植(zhi)米(mi)仁(ren)(ren)的習(xi)慣,在民間(jian)還(huan)(huan)普遍采(cai)用(yong)豬肚(du)裝米(mi)仁(ren)(ren)煮(zhu)著(zhu)吃的習(xi)俗。有民間(jian)小調:“苡米(mi)勝(sheng)過靈芝(zhi)草(cao)(cao),食藥(yao)(yao)營養價值高(gao),常食可(ke)以延年(nian)壽,返老還(huan)(huan)童功(gong)能高(gao)”。 改(gai)革開放后,縉云(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)(ren)產(chan)業有了(le)長(chang)足發(fa)展,特別是進入20世紀后,縉云(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)(ren)作(zuo)為“注射用(yong)薏苡仁(ren)(ren)油”專用(yong)生產(chan)原料,引起了(le)社會(hui)各界的廣泛關注,并屢(lv)獲浙(zhe)江省農博會(hui)金獎。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因(yin)素(su)
(1)地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:縉云縣屬(shu)浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)麗(li)水(shui)(shui)市,是浙西(xi)南(nan)地(di)(di)(di)區的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區縣,地(di)(di)(di)處武夷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)――戴云山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)隆(long)起地(di)(di)(di)帶和(he)諸暨-麗(li)水(shui)(shui)-壽寧斷裂帶的(de)(de)中(zhong)段(duan)(duan),境(jing)內(nei)東、南(nan)、西(xi)群峰崛起,地(di)(di)(di)勢高峻,中(zhong)、北部(bu)陷(xian)落(luo)成一(yi)大片(pian)丘陵盆地(di)(di)(di),并與金衢(qu)盆地(di)(di)(di)相連(lian)接。最低海(hai)拔110米(mi)(mi),最高海(hai)拔1500.6米(mi)(mi),地(di)(di)(di)勢高差懸殊,氣(qi)候(hou)、植(zhi)被、耕(geng)作制(zhi)度等(deng)垂直分布明顯。全縣土地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面積1503.52平(ping)方公(gong)里,其中(zhong)河谷平(ping)原占5.3%,丘陵占15.7%,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區占79%。 (2)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)和(he)農(nong)用水(shui)(shui)情況: 縉云屬(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區縣,分屬(shu)浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)甌(ou)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、靈江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)三大水(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)上游地(di)(di)(di)段(duan)(duan),區內(nei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)澗密布。在長期的(de)(de)農(nong)業生產中(zhong),營造了眾多(duo)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)塘和(he)小(xiao)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫,為縉云米(mi)(mi)仁(薏苡)生產提供了充(chong)足的(de)(de)而(er)且清潔優(you)質的(de)(de)灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)資源。本區域(yu)主要有黃(huang)泥(ni)田、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)黃(huang)泥(ni)田和(he)培泥(ni)沙田等(deng)土壤(rang)。由于本區域(yu)海(hai)拔高度懸殊較大(從110-1500米(mi)(mi)),所以形成的(de)(de)土壤(rang)類型(xing)具有多(duo)樣(yang)性,pH值4.5-8.6之間。 (3)氣(qi)候(hou)情況:屬(shu)中(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)區,四季(ji)分明,溫(wen)和(he)濕潤,日(ri)照充(chong)足,總(zong)體氣(qi)候(hou)條件優(you)越。從平(ping)原到山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區,年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)17.2-13.5℃,無霜期243-212日(ri),年平(ping)均日(ri)照時(shi)數1875.3 -1653小(xiao)時(shi),降水(shui)(shui)量1373-1789毫米(mi)(mi),相對濕度72-77%。
三.地域范圍
縉云米(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡)農產(chan)品地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)的地域范圍包括:縉云縣五(wu)云鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、壺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、新建鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東方鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東渡(du)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)源(yuan)(yuan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、舒洪(hong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)洋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、七里鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雙溪(xi)口鄉(xiang)(xiang)、溶江鄉(xiang)(xiang)、三溪(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、胡源(yuan)(yuan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、前路鄉(xiang)(xiang)、方溪(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、石筧鄉(xiang)(xiang)全部16個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),地理(li)坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經119°52′—120°25′,北緯28°25′—28°57′。保護區(qu)范圍總面(mian)積(ji)約20萬畝。2011年米(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡)種植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)6000畝,谷(gu)產(chan)量1500多噸(dun)。
四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特性特征(zheng)
(1)外(wai)(wai)在(zai)感(gan)官特征:縉云(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi))果實(shi)外(wai)(wai)稃白(bai)色,穎果為淡黃色,呈(cheng)寬卵形;脫殼后胚(pei)乳呈(cheng)乳白(bai)色,斷面玉白(bai)色,粉性(xing)略糯(nuo); 煮后湯呈(cheng)乳白(bai)色,略帶清香,無渣,味微(wei)甜。 (2)內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標:水(shui)分不(bu)得(de)(de)超過13.0%。總灰分不(bu)得(de)(de)超過2.0%。種仁(ren)中粗蛋(dan)白(bai)不(bu)少于13.0%,醇溶(rong)性(xing)浸出物不(bu)得(de)(de)少于5.5%,脂類不(bu)得(de)(de)少于3.0%。 (3)質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan):具有《NY/5305-2005無公害食(shi)品(pin) 粟米(mi)》食(shi)用安(an)全(quan)性(xing)要求。
五.特定(ding)生產方式
縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi))屬于藥食(shi)兩(liang)(liang)用,其品(pin)(pin)質要(yao)求相(xiang)對較高,在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)具有特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方式。 (1)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)產(chan)地(di)選(xuan)址要(yao)求:縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi))原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長在河道兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)水澤地(di)帶,對土(tu)壤質地(di)雖然沒有特別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,一般土(tu)壤都可種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),但以向陽、潮濕、土(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙質壤土(tu)為(wei)(wei)宜。在具體(ti)選(xuan)址時(shi),要(yao)根據當地(di)水土(tu)資源,嚴格按照(zhao)(zhao)《NY?5305—2005?無公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)?粟米(mi)產(chan)地(di)環境條件》要(yao)求確定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)產(chan)地(di)。 (2)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(系(xi))的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇:品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)用當地(di)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)訓(xun)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi))傳統(tong)地(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)浙(zhe)7號。 薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)浙(zhe)7號屬禾本(ben)科薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)屬。為(wei)(wei)一年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草本(ben)C4植(zhi)物,幼苗(miao)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)漿紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se),后(hou)變深(shen)綠色(se)(se)。稈(gan)直立,分(fen)(fen)(fen)蘗叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),多分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)。莖(jing)(jing)(jing)粗(cu)1cm左(zuo)右,莖(jing)(jing)(jing)稈(gan)壁厚(hou),莖(jing)(jing)(jing)腔小(xiao)(xiao),非實心,株高1.0~2.0m,有10~20節(jie) ,節(jie)上有分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)。葉(xie)互生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),長披針(zhen)形,長10~40cm,寬(kuan)1.5~3.0cm,先端(duan)漸尖(jian),基部(bu)寬(kuan)心形,鞘(qiao)狀抱莖(jing)(jing)(jing),中(zhong)(zhong)脈粗(cu)厚(hou)而明顯(xian)并于葉(xie)背突起,兩(liang)(liang)面光滑(hua),邊(bian)緣粗(cu)糙。從幼葉(xie)到旗葉(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)背面特別(bie)是莖(jing)(jing)(jing)桿表皮(pi)有白色(se)(se)粉狀蠟質,干旱時(shi)能有效防止(zhi)水分(fen)(fen)(fen)蒸(zheng)發,淹(yan)水時(shi)又(you)能防止(zhi)水分(fen)(fen)(fen)滲入莖(jing)(jing)(jing)內,是薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)能耐(nai)澇又(you)能抗(kang)旱的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因之一。薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)上有分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi),各分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)頂(ding)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)花(hua),分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)由葉(xie)腋(ye)(ye)間抽出。花(hua)序成總狀或(huo)(huo)(huo)復(fu)總狀,長6~10cm,花(hua)為(wei)(wei)雌雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)同(tong)株,頂(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)腋(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),小(xiao)(xiao)穗(sui)單(dan)性,花(hua)序上部(bu)為(wei)(wei)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)穗(sui),每(mei)節(jie)上有2~3個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)穗(sui),上有兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua),雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)有雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)(rui)3枚(mei)(雌蕊(rui)(rui)在發育(yu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)退(tui)化);花(hua)序下部(bu)為(wei)(wei)雌花(hua)穗(sui),包(bao)藏(zang)在骨質總苞(bao)中(zhong)(zhong),常2~3小(xiao)(xiao)穗(sui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于一節(jie),雌花(hua)穗(sui)有3個(ge)(ge)雌小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua),其中(zhong)(zhong)一花(hua)發育(yu),子房有兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)柱頭,伸出包(bao)鞘(qiao)之外,基部(bu)有退(tui)化雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)(rui)。穎果成熟時(shi),外面的(de)(de)(de)(de)總苞(bao)堅硬,呈橢(tuo)圓形。種(zhong)(zhong)皮(pi)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)淡黃色(se)(se),種(zhong)(zhong)仁(ren)卵形,長約6mm,直徑為(wei)(wei)4~5mm,背面為(wei)(wei)橢(tuo)圓形,腹面中(zhong)(zhong)央有溝,內部(bu)胚(pei)和(he)胚(pei)乳為(wei)(wei)白色(se)(se),粉狀,糯質。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)加工(gong)過程(cheng)控制:在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)加工(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)參照(zhao)(zhao)《NY 5305—2005 無公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 粟米(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術規(gui)程(cheng)》相(xiang)關(guan)要(yao)求,有害生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防治倡導農業防治、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防治和(he)物理防治,農藥使用應符合GB?4285、GB/T?8321(所有部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen))的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)使用原則應符合NY/T?496的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。禁止(zhi)使用未(wei)經國(guo)家或(huo)(huo)(huo)省(sheng)級農業部(bu)門登記的(de)(de)(de)(de)化學和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)。禁止(zhi)使用重金屬含量超標的(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)及(ji)礦質肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)等)。收獲(huo)后(hou),嚴格按照(zhao)(zhao)《NY 5305—2005無公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 粟米(mi)》相(xiang)關(guan)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)進行加工(gong)、包(bao)裝(zhuang)、運輸和(he)貯存(cun)。
六.包(bao)裝標(biao)識相關規定(ding)
(1)在地(di)(di)域范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe),在產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品或包裝上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong) “縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de),必須向縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)縣米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業協(xie)會提出書(shu)面(mian)(mian)申(shen)請,經(jing)批(pi)準后(hou)方(fang)可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 (2)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren),要嚴格(ge)按照“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))”的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品要求(qiu)進行規范化和(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)。統一采用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))”名稱和(he)(he)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)相結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)注。“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)持有人(ren)要加強對(dui)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)監督檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)、技術咨詢與服(fu)務指導,對(dui)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)加工過程、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量等進行定期跟蹤檢(jian)查(cha)(cha),實行動(dong)態管(guan)理(li)(li)。 (3)在“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)域范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe),未向縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)縣米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業協(xie)會提出書(shu)面(mian)(mian)申(shen)請并(bing)獲得(de)批(pi)準,不得(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)。任何單位和(he)(he)個人(ren)不得(de)偽造(zao)和(he)(he)冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)和(he)(he)登記證(zheng)書(shu),偽造(zao)和(he)(he)冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)苡(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)和(he)(he)登記證(zheng)書(shu)的(de)(de),由有關部門依照相關的(de)(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規進行處理(li)(li)。