一.產品介紹
縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)栽培歷史悠久。傳說在黃帝軒轅氏煉(lian)丹(dan)的配(pei)藥中(zhong)就有(you)(you)縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)。據(ju)元至正八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(公元1348年(nian)(nian))《仙都志》載:草木可藥者有(you)(you)“芍藥、白術、復盆子、薏(yi)苡(yi)仁(ren)”等178種(zhong),列為當地(di)中(zhong)藥材(cai)資源。縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)縣(xian)民間歷來就有(you)(you)在田頭地(di)角或低(di)洼田塊或溝渠邊種(zhong)植米(mi)仁(ren)的習慣(guan),在民間還普(pu)遍采用豬肚裝(zhuang)米(mi)仁(ren)煮(zhu)著吃的習俗。有(you)(you)民間小(xiao)調:“苡(yi)米(mi)勝(sheng)過(guo)靈芝草,食(shi)藥營(ying)養(yang)價值(zhi)高(gao),常食(shi)可以延年(nian)(nian)壽,返老還童功能高(gao)”。 改革開放(fang)后(hou),縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)產(chan)業有(you)(you)了長足發展,特別(bie)是進(jin)入20世紀后(hou),縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)仁(ren)作為“注(zhu)射用薏(yi)苡(yi)仁(ren)油(you)”專用生(sheng)產(chan)原(yuan)料,引起了社會各界的廣泛關(guan)注(zhu),并(bing)屢獲浙(zhe)江省農(nong)博會金(jin)獎。
二.自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
(1)地(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang):縉云縣(xian)屬(shu)(shu)浙江省麗水市,是浙西(xi)南地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)山區(qu)縣(xian),地(di)處武夷山――戴云山隆起(qi)地(di)帶(dai)和(he)諸暨-麗水-壽寧斷裂帶(dai)的(de)(de)中(zhong)段,境(jing)內(nei)東(dong)、南、西(xi)群峰(feng)崛起(qi),地(di)勢高峻,中(zhong)、北(bei)部(bu)陷落成(cheng)一大(da)片丘(qiu)陵(ling)盆地(di),并與金衢盆地(di)相連接。最低(di)海(hai)拔110米,最高海(hai)拔1500.6米,地(di)勢高差懸殊,氣(qi)候(hou)、植(zhi)被、耕作制度等(deng)垂直分(fen)布明顯。全縣(xian)土(tu)地(di)總面(mian)積1503.52平方公里,其中(zhong)河(he)谷平原(yuan)占5.3%,丘(qiu)陵(ling)占15.7%,山區(qu)占79%。 (2)耕地(di)土(tu)壤和(he)農用水情(qing)況(kuang): 縉云屬(shu)(shu)山區(qu)縣(xian),分(fen)屬(shu)(shu)浙江省甌江、錢塘(tang)江、靈江三大(da)水系的(de)(de)上游地(di)段,區(qu)內(nei)山澗密布。在長期的(de)(de)農業生產(chan)(chan)中(zhong),營造(zao)了(le)眾多的(de)(de)山塘(tang)和(he)小型水庫,為(wei)縉云米仁(ren)(薏苡(yi))生產(chan)(chan)提供了(le)充(chong)足(zu)的(de)(de)而(er)且清(qing)潔優質的(de)(de)灌溉(gai)水資源(yuan)。本(ben)區(qu)域(yu)主要有(you)黃泥田(tian)、山地(di)黃泥田(tian)和(he)培泥沙田(tian)等(deng)土(tu)壤。由于(yu)本(ben)區(qu)域(yu)海(hai)拔高度懸殊較大(da)(從110-1500米),所以形成(cheng)的(de)(de)土(tu)壤類(lei)型具有(you)多樣性,pH值4.5-8.6之間。 (3)氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況(kuang):屬(shu)(shu)中(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季風氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu),四季分(fen)明,溫(wen)和(he)濕潤,日(ri)照(zhao)充(chong)足(zu),總體氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件優越。從平原(yuan)到山區(qu),年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)17.2-13.5℃,無霜期243-212日(ri),年平均日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)1875.3 -1653小時(shi),降水量(liang)1373-1789毫米,相對濕度72-77%。
三.地域范圍
縉云米(mi)仁(薏苡)農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)的地(di)域范(fan)圍包括:縉云縣五云鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、壺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、新建鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東方(fang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東渡(du)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)源鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、舒(shu)洪(hong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)洋(yang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、七里鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、雙溪口鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、溶江鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三溪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、胡源鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、前路鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、方(fang)溪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、石(shi)筧鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)全部16個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),地(di)理(li)坐標為(wei)東經(jing)119°52′—120°25′,北(bei)緯28°25′—28°57′。保護區范(fan)圍總(zong)面積約(yue)20萬畝。2011年米(mi)仁(薏苡)種植面積6000畝,谷(gu)產(chan)量1500多噸。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外在感官特(te)征(zheng):縉云米(mi)仁(ren)(薏苡)果實外稃白色,穎(ying)果為淡黃色,呈寬卵形(xing);脫(tuo)殼后胚乳(ru)呈乳(ru)白色,斷面玉白色,粉性略糯; 煮后湯(tang)呈乳(ru)白色,略帶清(qing)香,無(wu)渣(zha),味微甜。 (2)內在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標:水(shui)分不(bu)得(de)超過13.0%。總灰(hui)分不(bu)得(de)超過2.0%。種仁(ren)中粗蛋白不(bu)少于13.0%,醇溶性浸出物(wu)不(bu)得(de)少于5.5%,脂(zhi)類不(bu)得(de)少于3.0%。 (3)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)(quan):具(ju)有《NY/5305-2005無(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin) 粟米(mi)》食(shi)用安全(quan)(quan)性要求。
五.特定生產(chan)方式(shi)
縉(jin)(jin)云米(mi)仁(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi))屬于(yu)(yu)藥食(shi)兩(liang)用(yong),其(qi)品(pin)(pin)質要(yao)求相對(dui)較(jiao)高,在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)(you)特(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方式。 (1)種(zhong)植(zhi)產(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)址要(yao)求:縉(jin)(jin)云米(mi)仁(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi))原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長在河道兩(liang)邊或(huo)水(shui)澤地(di)帶,對(dui)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質地(di)雖然沒有(you)(you)特(te)別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,一(yi)般土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)都可種(zhong)植(zhi),但以向陽(yang)、潮濕、土(tu)(tu)層深厚、肥力(li)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)質壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)為宜。在具體選(xuan)(xuan)址時(shi),要(yao)根(gen)據當地(di)水(shui)土(tu)(tu)資源(yuan),嚴格按(an)照《NY?5305—2005?無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)?粟米(mi)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條件》要(yao)求確定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)。 (2)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(系(xi))的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇:品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)當地(di)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)訓化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)縉(jin)(jin)云米(mi)仁(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi))傳統(tong)地(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)浙7號。 薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)浙7號屬禾本科薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)屬。為一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本C4植(zhi)物(wu),幼(you)苗紅色(se)(se)或(huo)漿紅色(se)(se),后變深綠色(se)(se)。稈直立,分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),多分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)。莖(jing)(jing)(jing)粗1cm左右(you),莖(jing)(jing)(jing)稈壁厚,莖(jing)(jing)(jing)腔小,非實心,株高1.0~2.0m,有(you)(you)10~20節(jie)(jie) ,節(jie)(jie)上(shang)有(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)。葉(xie)(xie)互生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),長披針形(xing),長10~40cm,寬(kuan)1.5~3.0cm,先(xian)端漸尖(jian),基部(bu)(bu)寬(kuan)心形(xing),鞘狀(zhuang)抱(bao)莖(jing)(jing)(jing),中(zhong)(zhong)脈粗厚而明(ming)顯并于(yu)(yu)葉(xie)(xie)背突起,兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)光滑(hua),邊緣粗糙。從(cong)幼(you)葉(xie)(xie)到旗葉(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)背面(mian)(mian)特(te)別(bie)是莖(jing)(jing)(jing)桿表皮(pi)有(you)(you)白(bai)色(se)(se)粉狀(zhuang)蠟(la)質,干旱時(shi)能有(you)(you)效防止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)蒸(zheng)發(fa),淹水(shui)時(shi)又(you)能防止(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)滲入莖(jing)(jing)(jing)內,是薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)能耐(nai)澇又(you)能抗旱的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)之一(yi)。薏(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)上(shang)有(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi),各(ge)分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)頂上(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)花(hua)(hua),分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)由(you)葉(xie)(xie)腋(ye)間抽(chou)出。花(hua)(hua)序成總(zong)狀(zhuang)或(huo)復總(zong)狀(zhuang),長6~10cm,花(hua)(hua)為雌(ci)(ci)(ci)雄(xiong)(xiong)同株,頂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)腋(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),小穗(sui)(sui)單性(xing),花(hua)(hua)序上(shang)部(bu)(bu)為雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui),每節(jie)(jie)上(shang)有(you)(you)2~3個(ge)(ge)(ge)小穗(sui)(sui),上(shang)有(you)(you)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)雄(xiong)(xiong)小花(hua)(hua),雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊3枚(雌(ci)(ci)(ci)蕊在發(fa)育過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)退化(hua)(hua));花(hua)(hua)序下(xia)部(bu)(bu)為雌(ci)(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui),包藏在骨(gu)質總(zong)苞中(zhong)(zhong),常2~3小穗(sui)(sui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)節(jie)(jie),雌(ci)(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)有(you)(you)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)雌(ci)(ci)(ci)小花(hua)(hua),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)花(hua)(hua)發(fa)育,子房有(you)(you)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)紅色(se)(se)柱頭,伸出包鞘之外,基部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)退化(hua)(hua)雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊。穎果成熟時(shi),外面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)苞堅硬,呈橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)。種(zhong)皮(pi)紅色(se)(se)或(huo)淡(dan)黃色(se)(se),種(zhong)仁卵形(xing),長約6mm,直徑為4~5mm,背面(mian)(mian)為橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),腹面(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)央有(you)(you)溝,內部(bu)(bu)胚和(he)(he)胚乳(ru)為白(bai)色(se)(se),粉狀(zhuang),糯(nuo)質。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程控(kong)制(zhi):在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)參照《NY 5305—2005 無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 粟米(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)程》相關要(yao)求,有(you)(you)害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防治倡導農(nong)業(ye)防治、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防治和(he)(he)物(wu)理防治,農(nong)藥使(shi)用(yong)應符合GB?4285、GB/T?8321(所有(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen))的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。肥料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)原(yuan)(yuan)則應符合NY/T?496的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。禁止(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)未經國家或(huo)省(sheng)級農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)門(men)登記(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)肥料(liao)。禁止(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)重金(jin)屬含量超標的(de)(de)(de)(de)肥料(liao)(有(you)(you)機肥料(liao)及礦(kuang)質肥料(liao)等)。收獲后,嚴格按(an)照《NY 5305—2005無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 粟米(mi)》相關部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)進行加工(gong)(gong)、包裝、運輸和(he)(he)貯存(cun)。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關(guan)規定
(1)在地(di)(di)域(yu)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))生產(chan)(chan)經營者(zhe),在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或包裝上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) “縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)的(de)(de)(de),必須(xu)向縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)縣米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)產(chan)(chan)業協(xie)會提(ti)出書面申請(qing)(qing),經批準后方(fang)可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 (2)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren),要(yao)(yao)嚴格(ge)按照“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)要(yao)(yao)求進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)規范化和(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準化生產(chan)(chan)管理(li)(li)(li)。統一采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”名稱和(he)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注。“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)持有人(ren)要(yao)(yao)加(jia)強對(dui)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)監督檢(jian)查、技術咨詢與服務指(zhi)導,對(dui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)加(jia)工過程、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量等進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)定期跟(gen)蹤檢(jian)查,實行(xing)(xing)(xing)動態(tai)管理(li)(li)(li)。 (3)在“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)地(di)(di)域(yu)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))生產(chan)(chan)經營者(zhe),未向縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)縣米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)產(chan)(chan)業協(xie)會提(ti)出書面申請(qing)(qing)并獲得(de)批準,不(bu)得(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)。任何(he)單(dan)位和(he)個人(ren)不(bu)得(de)偽造和(he)冒(mao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)和(he)登記(ji)證書,偽造和(he)冒(mao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)和(he)登記(ji)證書的(de)(de)(de),由(you)有關(guan)部門依照相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)法律法規進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)處理(li)(li)(li)。