《定軍山》又名(ming)(ming)《取東(dong)川(chuan)》《一戰成(cheng)功(gong)》,京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)傳統劇(ju)(ju)(ju)目(mu)。取材于(yu)《三(san)國(guo)演義(yi)》,大(da)體與清(qing)宮廷大(da)戲《鼎(ding)峙春秋》中的內容相仿。劇(ju)(ju)(ju)本(ben)由譚富(fu)英、陶君起整理,寶文堂出版(ban)。有《戲考》《戲學(xue)(xue)匯(hui)考》《戲典(dian)》《修(xiu)訂平劇(ju)(ju)(ju)選》《戲學(xue)(xue)指南》《名(ming)(ming)伶京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)大(da)觀》《京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)從刊(kan)》等刊(kan)本(ben)。除京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)外,漢劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、川(chuan)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、微劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、秦腔、晉劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、粵(yue)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、滇(dian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、同州梆(bang)(bang)子(zi)河北梆(bang)(bang)子(zi)等劇(ju)(ju)(ju)種均有該劇(ju)(ju)(ju)目(mu)。
該劇目講述了三國時期,魏蜀交(jiao)戰,曹操遣大將(jiang)張頜攻打葭萌(meng)關,張敗走定軍山,投奔夏(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan)。諸葛亮(liang)用(yong)激將(jiang)法(fa)使(shi)黃忠立(li)下(xia)軍令(ling)狀(zhuang),發(fa)誓十日內(nei)攻下(xia)定軍山。兩軍交(jiao)戰中,黃忠生擒(qin)夏(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan)之侄夏(xia)侯(hou)尚,并用(yong)其換(huan)取部將(jiang)陳式。在走馬換(huan)將(jiang)之際,黃忠將(jiang)夏(xia)侯(hou)尚射死,激夏(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan)出陣(zhen)較量,并施(shi)展拖(tuo)刀(dao)計,斬殺夏(xia)侯(hou)淵(yuan),奪(duo)取定軍山。
諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)(liang)一生用(yong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),善用(yong)激(ji)將(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。建安二(er)十(shi)三(san)年,魏將(jiang)張(zhang)郃(he)(he)犯葭(jia)萌關(guan),守將(jiang)霍峻申報乞救。諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)(liang)又用(yong)此法(fa),佯言欲向閬中(zhong)調取張(zhang)飛往敵,并力(li)夸張(zhang)郃(he)(he)乃魏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)將(jiang),斷非(fei)張(zhang)飛不可,以(yi)激(ji)眾(zhong)心(xin)。時(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)年雖老(lao),然(ran)心(xin)雄萬夫,竟為諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)(liang)所(suo)激(ji)動,即在(zai)(zai)帳(zhang)前輪刀開弓(gong),以(yi)示勇力(li)。銳身自任,愿往破張(zhang)郃(he)(he),并舉(ju)老(lao)將(jiang)嚴顏為副(fu)。諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)(liang)知(zhi)二(er)人智勇兼(jian)全,本自可用(yong),遂(sui)遣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。既赴救。張(zhang)郃(he)(he)欺二(er)將(jiang)皆老(lao)邁(mai),易視之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不意(yi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始用(yong)驕兵(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計,連次佯敗(bai)(bai),卒于(yu)一夜突出襲殺,大(da)敗(bai)(bai)張(zhang)郃(he)(he)軍(jun),直(zhi)逼漢(han)水。張(zhang)郃(he)(he)、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)(hou)尚等(deng),只得退(tui)奔天蕩(dang)山(shan)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)(hou)德處(chu)。蓋(gai)天蕩(dang)、米(mi)倉(cang)兩山(shan),系魏兵(bing)(bing)(bing)屯糧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要隘也(ye)。詎張(zhang)郃(he)(he)、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)(hou)尚等(deng)才(cai)至未(wei)幾,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已引軍(jun)追及,鼓(gu)噪而進(jin)。蓋(gai)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)預遣嚴顏抄(chao)出山(shan)后,在(zai)(zai)前燒屯接應。故(gu)能一戰而克(ke)天蕩(dang)。斬夏(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)(hou)德,兵(bing)(bing)(bing)勢如(ru)破竹也(ye)。既得天蕩(dang),諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)(liang)即偕劉備,舉(ju)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)十(shi)萬,進(jin)駐葭(jia)萌。擬乘(cheng)勝直(zhi)圖漢(han)中(zhong)。諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)(liang)知(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軍(jun)威(wei)方振(zhen),余勇可賈,尤可用(yong)也(ye)。乃下令欲取定軍(jun)山(shan),且(qie)言夏(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)(hou)淵非(fei)張(zhang)郃(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比,復以(yi)調回關(guan)羽(yu)一語激(ji)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)益奮勇,如(ru)前狀。諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)(liang)于(yu)是遣法(fa)正為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐,復任黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為前鋒。陰(yin)遣趙云將(jiang)奇兵(bing)(bing)(bing)出小(xiao)路接應。既而黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)乘(cheng)兩軍(jun)釋換(huan)俘虜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),故(gu)意(yi)射死夏(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)(hou)尚,以(yi)激(ji)怒夏(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)(hou)淵,使(shi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)(hou)淵輕進(jin)憤事。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)侯(hou)(hou)淵果以(yi)此致(zhi)敗(bai)(bai),卒被黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)刀劈馬下而亡。蜀軍(jun)遂(sui)定東川。