《定軍山》又名(ming)《取東川(chuan)(chuan)》《一戰成功》,京(jing)劇傳統劇目。取材于《三(san)國演義》,大體與清宮廷大戲《鼎峙春(chun)秋》中的內容相仿。劇本由譚富英、陶君起整理,寶文堂出版。有《戲考(kao)》《戲學(xue)匯考(kao)》《戲典》《修訂平劇選》《戲學(xue)指南》《名(ming)伶京(jing)劇大觀》《京(jing)劇從(cong)刊(kan)(kan)》等(deng)刊(kan)(kan)本。除京(jing)劇外,漢劇、川(chuan)(chuan)劇、微劇、秦腔(qiang)、晉劇、粵劇、滇劇、同州梆子河北梆子等(deng)劇種均有該劇目。
該劇目講述了三國時(shi)期,魏(wei)蜀交戰,曹操遣大將(jiang)張頜攻(gong)打葭萌關,張敗走定(ding)軍山,投奔(ben)夏侯(hou)(hou)(hou)淵(yuan)。諸葛亮用激將(jiang)法使黃(huang)忠立(li)下軍令狀,發誓十日(ri)內攻(gong)下定(ding)軍山。兩軍交戰中,黃(huang)忠生擒夏侯(hou)(hou)(hou)淵(yuan)之(zhi)侄(zhi)夏侯(hou)(hou)(hou)尚,并用其換取部將(jiang)陳式。在走馬(ma)換將(jiang)之(zhi)際,黃(huang)忠將(jiang)夏侯(hou)(hou)(hou)尚射(she)死,激夏侯(hou)(hou)(hou)淵(yuan)出陣(zhen)較(jiao)量,并施(shi)展拖刀計,斬殺夏侯(hou)(hou)(hou)淵(yuan),奪取定(ding)軍山。
諸葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)生用兵(bing),善用激(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)法(fa)。建安二十三(san)年,魏(wei)將(jiang)(jiang)張郃(he)犯葭萌關(guan),守將(jiang)(jiang)霍峻(jun)申報(bao)乞救。諸葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)又用此法(fa),佯(yang)言欲(yu)向(xiang)閬(lang)中調(diao)取張飛往敵,并力(li)夸張郃(he)乃魏(wei)之(zhi)名(ming)將(jiang)(jiang),斷非(fei)張飛不(bu)可(ke)(ke),以(yi)激(ji)眾心。時黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)年雖老,然心雄萬(wan)夫,竟為(wei)諸葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)所激(ji)動,即在帳前(qian)輪刀開弓,以(yi)示(shi)勇(yong)力(li)。銳身自任(ren),愿往破(po)張郃(he),并舉老將(jiang)(jiang)嚴顏為(wei)副。諸葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)知二人智勇(yong)兼全(quan),本自可(ke)(ke)用,遂(sui)遣(qian)之(zhi)。既赴救。張郃(he)欺二將(jiang)(jiang)皆老邁,易視之(zhi),不(bu)意(yi)黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)始用驕(jiao)兵(bing)之(zhi)計,連(lian)次(ci)佯(yang)敗(bai),卒于一(yi)(yi)夜(ye)突出襲殺,大敗(bai)張郃(he)軍(jun),直(zhi)逼漢(han)(han)水。張郃(he)、夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)尚(shang)等(deng),只得退奔(ben)天蕩(dang)山(shan)(shan)夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)德處。蓋天蕩(dang)、米倉兩山(shan)(shan),系魏(wei)兵(bing)屯糧之(zhi)要(yao)隘也。詎張郃(he)、夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)尚(shang)等(deng)才至(zhi)未幾,黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)已引軍(jun)追(zhui)及,鼓噪而進。蓋黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)預遣(qian)嚴顏抄出山(shan)(shan)后,在前(qian)燒屯接應(ying)。故(gu)能一(yi)(yi)戰而克(ke)天蕩(dang)。斬(zhan)夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)德,兵(bing)勢如破(po)竹也。既得天蕩(dang),諸葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)即偕劉(liu)備(bei),舉兵(bing)十萬(wan),進駐葭萌。擬乘勝直(zhi)圖漢(han)(han)中。諸葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)知黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)軍(jun)威方振(zhen),余勇(yong)可(ke)(ke)賈,尤可(ke)(ke)用也。乃下令欲(yu)取定軍(jun)山(shan)(shan),且言夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)淵(yuan)(yuan)非(fei)張郃(he)之(zhi)比(bi),復(fu)(fu)以(yi)調(diao)回關(guan)羽一(yi)(yi)語(yu)激(ji)黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)。黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)益奮勇(yong),如前(qian)狀(zhuang)。諸葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)于是遣(qian)法(fa)正為(wei)之(zhi)佐,復(fu)(fu)任(ren)黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)前(qian)鋒。陰遣(qian)趙云(yun)將(jiang)(jiang)奇兵(bing)出小路接應(ying)。既而黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)乘兩軍(jun)釋(shi)換俘(fu)虜之(zhi)時,故(gu)意(yi)射死(si)夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)尚(shang),以(yi)激(ji)怒夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)淵(yuan)(yuan),使夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)淵(yuan)(yuan)輕進憤事。夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)淵(yuan)(yuan)果以(yi)此致敗(bai),卒被黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)刀劈馬(ma)下而亡。蜀(shu)軍(jun)遂(sui)定東川。