一.產品介紹
瓦西(xi)(xi)黑(hei)皮(pi)冬(dong)(dong)瓜(gua)產區(qu)主要分(fen)布在(zai)我縣玉皇廟(miao)、張(zhang)坊(fang)、許商、鄭(zheng)路、賈莊、韓廟(miao)六個鄉鎮(街道辦事(shi)處)96個行(xing)政村,特別是玉皇廟(miao)鎮瓦西(xi)(xi)村生(sheng)產的冬(dong)(dong)瓜(gua)以質優、味(wei)美而馳名省內外。據商河(he)縣志記載,瓦西(xi)(xi)黑(hei)皮(pi)冬(dong)(dong)瓜(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植起源(yuan)于明朝,至今已有450多年歷史。瓦西(xi)(xi)黑(hei)皮(pi)冬(dong)(dong)瓜(gua)選用優良品種(zhong)(zhong),經(jing)精心栽培和(he)科(ke)學管理(li),所產冬(dong)(dong)瓜(gua)瓜(gua)皮(pi)黑(hei)(墨綠)色,肉質致(zhi)密,果長圓柱形,耐貯運,大小因(yin)品種(zhong)(zhong)不同,小的重(zhong)幾千(qian)克,大的數(shu)十(shi)千(qian)克,嫩瓜(gua)或老瓜(gua)均可(ke)食(shi)用。瓦西(xi)(xi)黑(hei)皮(pi)冬(dong)(dong)瓜(gua)含有豐富(fu)的營(ying)養,瓦西(xi)(xi)黑(hei)皮(pi)冬(dong)(dong)瓜(gua)比普通的冬(dong)(dong)瓜(gua)品種(zhong)(zhong)干物質含量(liang)多,水分(fen)少,品質風味(wei)均屬上等(deng),含蛋白(bai)、糖類、多種(zhong)(zhong)維生(sheng)素和(he)鈣、磷等(deng)礦(kuang)物元素,對護膚美白(bai)有不可(ke)忽視的作(zuo)用。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷(li)史因素(su)
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:商河(he)縣屬黃河(he)沖擊平(ping)原,地形平(ping)坦,產區內土(tu)壤(rang)以沙(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)為(wei)主,土(tu)體深厚,土(tu)壤(rang)pH值呈(cheng)中(zhong)性(xing),物理性(xing)狀良(liang)好,宜耕(geng)期長,適種性(xing)廣。經過多年的地力培養,有機質(zhi)含量(liang)平(ping)均達到1.0%以上,土(tu)壤(rang)團粒性(xing)能(neng)良(liang)好。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:商河縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源量(liang)較豐富,水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)面(mian)積1.3萬(wan)公頃,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總(zong)量(liang)539283千(qian)立(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),可利用量(liang)465340千(qian)立(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。其中(zhong):降雨形(xing)成的地表徑(jing)流攔蓄量(liang)為15210千(qian)立(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),淺(qian)層地下淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源量(liang)288733千(qian)立(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),可開(kai)采量(liang)230000千(qian)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。從商河縣客水(shui)(shui)(shui)引(yin)用近二十年(nian)的情況可以看出,年(nian)引(yin)客水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)235340千(qian)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),其中(zhong)引(yin)黃河水(shui)(shui)(shui)180000千(qian)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),引(yin)徒駭河水(shui)(shui)(shui)55340千(qian)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。境內農田水(shui)(shui)(shui)利設施基本(ben)配套(tao),12條河道縱橫(heng)交錯,400多條溝傳插田間(jian),大中(zhong)型(xing)橋、涵、閘800多座,配套(tao)田間(jian)機(ji)井(jing)(jing)1萬(wan)余眼(yan),形(xing)成了“井(jing)(jing)河”雙灌(guan)體系。是農業灌(guan)溉的主要水(shui)(shui)(shui)源。
3、氣(qi)候情況(kuang):商河縣地(di)處中(zhong)緯(wei)度(du),屬暖溫帶半濕潤(run)性(xing)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候,氣(qi)候溫和,季(ji)風(feng)顯著,四季(ji)分明,干濕明顯,光熱(re)同(tong)季(ji),降雨偏(pian)少(shao),且年際變(bian)化(hua)大(da),年內(nei)分布不均(jun)勻,蒸(zheng)發(fa)量大(da)雨熱(re)同(tong)季(ji),適(shi)宜適(shi)宜多種農(nong)作物(wu)生(sheng)長。多年平均(jun)年降雨量572.2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),蒸(zheng)發(fa)量1200毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫12.6攝氏度(du),日照時數2763小時,平均(jun)風(feng)速3.4米(mi)(mi)/秒,無霜期(qi)(qi)193天,冰(bing)凍(dong)期(qi)(qi)105天,年最大(da)凍(dong)土深(shen)月份在(zai)1月份,平均(jun)深(shen)度(du)29厘米(mi)(mi)。
三.地域范圍
瓦西黑皮冬瓜的(de)地(di)域保(bao)護范圍為(wei)山東(dong)省濟南市商河縣境內的(de)玉皇廟、張(zhang)坊、許(xu)商、鄭路、賈(jia)莊、韓廟六個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(街道辦事處),共計96個(ge)行政村,地(di)理坐標為(wei):東(dong)經(jing)116°58′-117°26',北緯37°06′-37°32′,地(di)域保(bao)護面積1500公頃,年總產(chan)量112500噸。
四(si).產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)
1、外(wai)在感官特征:主(zhu)栽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)是傳統農(nong)家(jia)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)黑(hei)皮冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)長圓柱(zhu)形(xing),長55~60厘(li)米,橫徑25厘(li)米,肉(rou)厚6~7厘(li)米,白色,單(dan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)重(zhong)(zhong)15~20千克(ke),最大單(dan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)重(zhong)(zhong)可達30千克(ke)以上。瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)皮黑(hei)(墨綠)色,肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)致密,品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優良,耐貯運,畝產(chan)5000千克(ke)以上。瓦西黑(hei)皮冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)瓤(rang)白,果(guo)肉(rou)厚,嫩瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)或老(lao)(lao)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)均可食用。除早采(cai)的(de)嫩瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)要求(qiu)鮮(xian)嫩以外(wai),一般晚采(cai)的(de)老(lao)(lao)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)則要求(qiu)發育充分,老(lao)(lao)熟,肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)結實(shi),肉(rou)厚,心室小,形(xing)狀端正(zheng),表皮無斑點和(he)外(wai)傷,皮不軟(ruan)、不腐(fu)爛。
2、內在品(pin)質指標:瓦(wa)西黑皮(pi)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)比(bi)普(pu)通的(de)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)品(pin)種干物質含量多,水分少,品(pin)質風(feng)味均屬上等,本(ben)身不含脂肪,熱量不高(gao),對于(yu)防止人(ren)體(ti)發胖具有重要意義,還可(ke)以(yi)有助于(yu)體(ti)形健美(mei)。食法有炒、燒、燉、釀、氽湯(tang)、制餡等。瓦(wa)西黑皮(pi)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)富(fu)含總糖≥2.1%,維生素C≥16.7mg/100g,鉀≥70.9 mg/100g,鈉≤45.4mg/kg,鈣≥4.6 mg/100g,鎂≥5.3mg/100g,鋅≥1.2mg/kg。
3、安(an)全要求(qiu):瓦西黑皮(pi)冬瓜產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境符合《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)全無(wu)公害(hai)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境要求(qiu)》標(biao)準和(he)《環(huan)境質(zhi)量標(biao)準》,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)安(an)全衛生指(zhi)標(biao)優于國家標(biao)準。整個生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)均按照無(wu)公害(hai)蔬(shu)(shu)菜(cai)標(biao)準化和(he)我縣制定(ding)的生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術(shu)規程(cheng)進行(xing)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管理。