一.產品介紹
瓦(wa)西(xi)(xi)(xi)黑(hei)皮(pi)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)產(chan)區主(zhu)要分(fen)布在我縣玉皇(huang)廟、張坊、許商、鄭路、賈莊、韓廟六(liu)個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(街道辦(ban)事處(chu))96個行政村,特別是(shi)玉皇(huang)廟鎮(zhen)瓦(wa)西(xi)(xi)(xi)村生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)以質優、味(wei)美(mei)而(er)馳名省內(nei)外。據商河縣志記載,瓦(wa)西(xi)(xi)(xi)黑(hei)皮(pi)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植起(qi)源于明(ming)朝(chao),至(zhi)今已有(you)450多(duo)(duo)年歷史(shi)。瓦(wa)西(xi)(xi)(xi)黑(hei)皮(pi)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)選(xuan)用優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),經精心栽培和(he)科學管理,所產(chan)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)皮(pi)黑(hei)(墨綠(lv))色,肉質致密,果(guo)長圓柱(zhu)形,耐貯運,大小(xiao)因品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)不同,小(xiao)的(de)重幾千克,大的(de)數十千克,嫩(nen)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)或老瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)均(jun)可(ke)食用。瓦(wa)西(xi)(xi)(xi)黑(hei)皮(pi)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)含有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)營(ying)養,瓦(wa)西(xi)(xi)(xi)黑(hei)皮(pi)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)比普通的(de)冬(dong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)干物質含量多(duo)(duo),水分(fen)少,品(pin)(pin)質風味(wei)均(jun)屬上等,含蛋白(bai)、糖類、多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)維生(sheng)(sheng)素和(he)鈣、磷等礦(kuang)物元素,對(dui)護膚(fu)美(mei)白(bai)有(you)不可(ke)忽視的(de)作(zuo)用。
二.自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)因素
1、土壤地貌情況:商河縣屬黃河沖擊平原,地形平坦(tan),產(chan)區內土壤以沙(sha)壤土為主(zhu),土體深(shen)厚(hou),土壤pH值呈(cheng)中性,物(wu)理性狀(zhuang)良(liang)好,宜耕(geng)期長,適種(zhong)性廣。經過多年(nian)的地力培養(yang),有機質(zhi)含量平均達(da)到1.0%以上,土壤團粒性能良(liang)好。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:商河(he)(he)縣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源量(liang)(liang)較豐富,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域面積(ji)1.3萬公頃,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總量(liang)(liang)539283千(qian)(qian)(qian)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),可(ke)利用量(liang)(liang)465340千(qian)(qian)(qian)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。其(qi)中(zhong):降雨形成的(de)地(di)(di)表(biao)徑流攔蓄量(liang)(liang)為15210千(qian)(qian)(qian)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),淺層(ceng)地(di)(di)下淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源量(liang)(liang)288733千(qian)(qian)(qian)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),可(ke)開采量(liang)(liang)230000千(qian)(qian)(qian)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。從商河(he)(he)縣客水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)引(yin)用近二十(shi)年的(de)情(qing)況可(ke)以(yi)看出,年引(yin)客水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)235340千(qian)(qian)(qian)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)中(zhong)引(yin)黃河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)180000千(qian)(qian)(qian)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),引(yin)徒駭河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)55340千(qian)(qian)(qian)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。境(jing)內農田(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利設施基本配套,12條(tiao)河(he)(he)道縱橫交錯(cuo),400多(duo)條(tiao)溝傳(chuan)插(cha)田(tian)間(jian),大中(zhong)型橋、涵、閘800多(duo)座,配套田(tian)間(jian)機井1萬余眼(yan),形成了“井河(he)(he)”雙灌體系(xi)。是農業灌溉的(de)主要水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情(qing)況(kuang):商河縣地(di)處中緯度,屬暖溫(wen)(wen)帶半濕潤性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he),季(ji)(ji)風(feng)顯(xian)著,四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming),干(gan)濕明(ming)顯(xian),光(guang)熱(re)同(tong)季(ji)(ji),降(jiang)雨(yu)偏少,且年(nian)際(ji)變(bian)化(hua)大(da),年(nian)內(nei)分布不均(jun)勻,蒸發(fa)量大(da)雨(yu)熱(re)同(tong)季(ji)(ji),適(shi)宜適(shi)宜多種農作物(wu)生(sheng)長。多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)量572.2毫(hao)米(mi),蒸發(fa)量1200毫(hao)米(mi),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)12.6攝氏度,日照(zhao)時(shi)數2763小時(shi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)風(feng)速3.4米(mi)/秒(miao),無霜期(qi)193天,冰(bing)凍期(qi)105天,年(nian)最大(da)凍土(tu)深月(yue)份(fen)在1月(yue)份(fen),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)深度29厘米(mi)。
三.地域范圍
瓦西黑皮冬瓜的(de)(de)地(di)域保護范(fan)圍為(wei)山東(dong)省(sheng)濟南市商(shang)河縣境內的(de)(de)玉皇廟、張坊(fang)、許商(shang)、鄭路、賈莊、韓廟六個鄉鎮(街道辦(ban)事處(chu)),共計96個行政村(cun),地(di)理坐標為(wei):東(dong)經116°58′-117°26',北緯37°06′-37°32′,地(di)域保護面積1500公頃,年總(zong)產量112500噸。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、外在感(gan)官特征:主栽品(pin)種(zhong)是傳統(tong)農家(jia)品(pin)種(zhong)黑皮冬(dong)瓜(gua)。瓜(gua)長(chang)(chang)圓柱形,長(chang)(chang)55~60厘(li)米,橫徑25厘(li)米,肉(rou)厚(hou)6~7厘(li)米,白色(se),單(dan)瓜(gua)重15~20千克,最大單(dan)瓜(gua)重可達30千克以上。瓜(gua)皮黑(墨綠(lv))色(se),肉(rou)質(zhi)致密,品(pin)質(zhi)優良,耐貯運,畝產(chan)5000千克以上。瓦西黑皮冬(dong)瓜(gua)瓤白,果肉(rou)厚(hou),嫩瓜(gua)或老瓜(gua)均可食用(yong)。除早采(cai)的嫩瓜(gua)要(yao)求鮮(xian)嫩以外,一般晚采(cai)的老冬(dong)瓜(gua)則要(yao)求發育充分,老熟,肉(rou)質(zhi)結實(shi),肉(rou)厚(hou),心室小,形狀端正(zheng),表皮無斑點和外傷,皮不(bu)軟、不(bu)腐(fu)爛。
2、內在品質(zhi)指(zhi)標:瓦西(xi)黑皮(pi)冬(dong)瓜比普通的冬(dong)瓜品種干物質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)多,水分(fen)少,品質(zhi)風味均屬上等,本身不含(han)(han)脂肪,熱量(liang)不高,對于(yu)防止人體(ti)發胖具有(you)重要意義,還可以(yi)有(you)助(zhu)于(yu)體(ti)形健美。食(shi)法有(you)炒、燒(shao)、燉(dun)、釀(niang)、氽(tun)湯(tang)、制餡等。瓦西(xi)黑皮(pi)冬(dong)瓜富含(han)(han)總糖≥2.1%,維生素C≥16.7mg/100g,鉀≥70.9 mg/100g,鈉≤45.4mg/kg,鈣≥4.6 mg/100g,鎂≥5.3mg/100g,鋅≥1.2mg/kg。
3、安全(quan)要求(qiu):瓦西黑皮冬瓜產地環境(jing)符(fu)合《農產品質量安全(quan)無(wu)公害蔬(shu)菜(cai)產地環境(jing)要求(qiu)》標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和《環境(jing)質量標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》,產品安全(quan)衛生(sheng)指標(biao)優于國家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。整個生(sheng)產過程均按(an)照無(wu)公害蔬(shu)菜(cai)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化和我縣制定的生(sheng)產技術規程進行生(sheng)產管理。