一.產品介紹
萊(lai)州煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)屬(shu)華(hua)北型黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)。主要分布在萊(lai)州全市的三山島、平(ping)里店(dian)、金城、朱橋、驛(yi)道、郭家(jia)店(dian)、程郭、柞村(cun)、夏邱、沙河、土(tu)山、虎頭崖等(deng)16處鎮街,共987個行政村(cun)。總面積1878平(ping)方(fang)公里。現存(cun)欄萊(lai)州煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)15000頭,地理(li)坐標為:東(dong)經119°33′-120°18′,北緯(wei)36°59′-37°28′。萊(lai)州煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)型中等(deng),頭長短適(shi)中,額寬有皺褶,嘴筒粗直或微噘,耳中等(deng)大下(xia)垂(chui)或半下(xia)垂(chui),被毛黑(hei)(hei)色(se),稀疏適(shi)中,皮(pi)色(se)灰(hui)。背腰較(jiao)平(ping)直,腹中等(deng)大,臀部較(jiao)豐滿。體(ti)(ti)質結實,結構緊湊,四肢健壯。有效乳頭7-8對,排列整齊。成年公豬(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)重170.0kg,體(ti)(ti)高79.1cm,體(ti)(ti)長144.0cm,胸(xiong)圍(wei)(wei)132.0cm;母(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)重175.0kg,體(ti)(ti)高75.36cm,體(ti)(ti)長141.3cm,胸(xiong)圍(wei)(wei)136.03cm。萊(lai)州煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)的肉(rou)(rou)(rou)色(se)為3.25分級,大理(li)石紋(wen)3.70分級,pH6.37,失水率3.66%,滲(shen)水率0.56%,熟肉(rou)(rou)(rou)率62.96%。肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)含水分69.18%,干(gan)物質30.82%,粗蛋白質21.9%,粗脂肪7.5%。灰(hui)分1.05%。肌纖維(wei)直徑55.34um,肌纖維(wei)密度270.94平(ping)方(fang)納米。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang):萊州市(shi)位于膠東(dong)地(di)(di)盾北(bei)(bei)(bei)隆起西(xi)側,渤海灣南岸、山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)半(ban)島西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)。境內地(di)(di)勢東(dong)南高、西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)低,分為(wei)五種主要(yao)地(di)(di)貌類型(xing)。東(dong)南部(bu)的(de)(de)郭家店、驛道、柞村等鎮(zhen)(zhen)街因花崗巖(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)侵蝕破壞形(xing)成(cheng)低山(shan)(shan)(shan),變質(zhi)巖(yan)地(di)(di)區形(xing)成(cheng)波狀(zhuang)丘陵;濱海低地(di)(di)主要(yao)分布(bu)于南陽(yang)河口以(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)及虎頭崖以(yi)西(xi)的(de)(de)沿海地(di)(di)帶,面積(ji)(ji)346.2平方公里,占全(quan)市(shi)總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)19%,海拔高度在10米以(yi)下,在倉上(shang)—過(guo)西(xi)、三山(shan)(shan)(shan)—西(xi)由間(jian)分布(bu)有(you)(you)古瀉湖構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)低洼地(di)(di),土(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)西(xi)分布(bu)有(you)(you)古海岸沙丘等;洪積(ji)(ji)、沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)平原主要(yao)分布(bu)于濱海低地(di)(di)以(yi)東(dong),面積(ji)(ji)409.7平方公里,占全(quan)市(shi)總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)22.56%,海拔高度大(da)致在10-50米之間(jian)。境內主要(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)自(zi)南向北(bei)(bei)(bei)有(you)(you)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)、吳(wu)家大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)、云峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo),自(zi)東(dong)向西(xi)有(you)(you)倉石山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo),大(da)溝山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo),天(tian)齊山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo),崮山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)。這(zhe)些山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)分布(bu)集中,構(gou)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)天(tian)然屏(ping)障,阻(zu)擋(dang)了(le)(le)(le)從(cong)南而(er)來(lai)的(de)(de)江淮氣(qi)(qi)流,影響著萊州的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)溫和降(jiang)水,形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)獨有(you)(you)的(de)(de)小氣(qi)(qi)候。土(tu)(tu)壤類型(xing)為(wei)棕(zong)壤土(tu)(tu)、褐土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)、砂姜黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)五類。全(quan)市(shi)除過(guo)西(xi)、土(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、寨徐等鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)外,其他鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)皆有(you)(you)棕(zong)壤土(tu)(tu)分布(bu),總面積(ji)(ji)128萬多畝,占總土(tu)(tu)壤面積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)56.84%,適宜多種動植物的(de)(de)生長。萊州境內諸多山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)構(gou)成(cheng)天(tian)然屏(ping)障形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)獨特(te)小氣(qi)(qi)候以(yi)及土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌環境造就了(le)(le)(le)萊州煙(yan)臺黑(hei)豬的(de)(de)固有(you)(you)品質(zhi)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況:萊(lai)州(zhou)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況比(bi)較(jiao)復雜。境內(nei)(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)總長(chang)(chang)313.7公(gong)里(li)(li),流(liu)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1586平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),主(zhu)要河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)15條。境內(nei)(nei)(nei)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有王河(he)(he)(he),主(zhu)要發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)于招遠(yuan)市塔山(shan),經(jing)三(san)元、驛道、平里(li)(li)店、過西(xi)(xi)到三(san)山(shan)島(dao)村南入(ru)渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)50公(gong)里(li)(li),流(liu)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)326.8平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)。白沙(sha)(sha)河(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)于大(da)基(ji)山(shan)脖歪(wai)頂南,流(liu)經(jing)東(dong)關門、小臺頭(tou)、臨(lin)疃河(he)(he)(he)、火神廟、尊村、積(ji)(ji)(ji)福,經(jing)珍珠東(dong)莊(zhuang)村以(yi)(yi)下2.5公(gong)里(li)(li)處入(ru)渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),流(liu)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)217平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)。南陽河(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)于大(da)基(ji)山(shan)前店子(zi)村南,流(liu)經(jing)前店子(zi)、后河(he)(he)(he)、東(dong)洼(wa)子(zi)、毛家(jia)莊(zhuang)子(zi)、山(shan)嶺子(zi)、南關、陽關、河(he)(he)(he)套、泗(si)河(he)(he)(he),到海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)廟姜家(jia)入(ru)渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。全(quan)長(chang)(chang)23公(gong)里(li)(li),流(liu)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)113.8平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)。萊(lai)州(zhou)市北臨(lin)萊(lai)州(zhou)灣,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸線(xian)長(chang)(chang)108公(gong)里(li)(li),素(su)有“黃金海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸”之(zhi)稱,近(jin)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質PH值在8.17—8.42之(zhi)間(jian),溶解氧在7—8.5mg/L范圍內(nei)(nei)(nei),超過一(yi)類(lei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標準。沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)百公(gong)里(li)(li)黑(hei)松林綿延曲(qu)折,蒼翠茂盛,綠樹成蔭,是“天然(ran)氧吧”。15米等深線(xian)淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)586萬畝(mu)(mu),沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)灘(tan)(tan)涂面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)60.3萬畝(mu)(mu),內(nei)(nei)(nei)潮間(jian)帶面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)15.3萬畝(mu)(mu)。自刁(diao)龍嘴向西(xi)(xi)北有一(yi)長(chang)(chang)約15公(gong)里(li)(li),寬約1.5公(gong)里(li)(li),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深2米的(de)(de)淺灘(tan)(tan)。淺灘(tan)(tan)以(yi)(yi)東(dong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深灘(tan)(tan)陡(dou),地為沙(sha)(sha)質。淺灘(tan)(tan)以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)淺灘(tan)(tan)薄,底為西(xi)(xi)沙(sha)(sha)和(he)泥沙(sha)(sha)質。萊(lai)州(zhou)市發(fa)(fa)達的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和(he)廣袤的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)(yu)淺灘(tan)(tan)為萊(lai)州(zhou)煙臺黑(hei)豬的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展奠(dian)定了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)基(ji)礎。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)屬溫帶東(dong)亞季(ji)風大(da)(da)陸性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),大(da)(da)陸度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)61.7%。四季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)變化明(ming)顯:春(chun)季(ji)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)少(shao),回(hui)暖迅(xun)速;夏季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫高(gao)、濕度(du)(du)大(da)(da),雨(yu)量集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);秋季(ji)降水(shui)(shui)減少(shao),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)涼(liang)爽;冬季(ji)北風強(qiang)盛,降水(shui)(shui)稀少(shao),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)寒冷。全(quan)市(shi)歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)溫度(du)(du)12.3—12.4℃,城區最(zui)高(gao)達12.4℃,其(qi)次西(xi)南(nan)部平原,在(zai)12.3℃。歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)極(ji)(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)35℃左右,80%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現在(zai)6、7兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),其(qi)次是(shi)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)。極(ji)(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫一(yi)(yi)般出(chu)(chu)(chu)現于(yu)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),其(qi)次是(shi)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)和(he)(he)(he)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun),歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫出(chu)(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值變化較大(da)(da),從(cong)-8.4℃—-17℃。境內降水(shui)(shui)量歷(li)(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)600毫米(mi)左右。其(qi)分(fen)(fen)布主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)受天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)影響,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量分(fen)(fen)布趨勢自東(dong)南(nan)向西(xi)北遞減。東(dong)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)區平均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)量在(zai)700毫米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),西(xi)部沿海在(zai)600毫米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下,其(qi)他地(di)區在(zai)600—700毫米(mi)。境內累(lei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照2726.0小時(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)290小時(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)少(shao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)175.2小時(shi)(shi)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)各(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平均(jun)百分(fen)(fen)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)61%,以(yi)(yi)(yi)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)66%,7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)小,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)53%。全(quan)市(shi)初霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)平均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)29日(ri)(ri),極(ji)(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)早初霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)6日(ri)(ri)(1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian));最(zui)晚11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)15日(ri)(ri)(1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。平均(jun)終霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)9日(ri)(ri),極(ji)(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)晚終霜(shuang)日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))最(zui)早3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)22日(ri)(ri)(1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。這為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)這一(yi)(yi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)發展(zhan)提供了(le)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)。 4、人文(wen)歷(li)(li)史情況:萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)民(min)間素(su)有(you)(you)(you)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)習慣,1883年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編修(xiu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)掖縣志“物產(chan)(chan)篇”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就有(you)(you)(you)“豕”的(de)(de)(de)(de)記載。1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)縣存養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)2.6萬頭(tou),建國(guo)(guo)后各(ge)級(ji)政府積極(ji)(ji)鼓勵、支持養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan),1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣生(sheng)(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)26.7萬頭(tou),有(you)(you)(you)17處公(gong)(gong)社18個(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)隊實現了(le)一(yi)(yi)人一(yi)(yi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增至43.5萬頭(tou)。當時(shi)(shi)村村有(you)(you)(you)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場、戶戶養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)人們生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)位置(zhi),是(shi)當地(di)農(nong)民(min)收入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)補(bu)充。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)喂方式(shi)多采用(yong)放養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)(he)圈養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)喂青(qing)儲飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)、地(di)瓜蔓、花生(sheng)(sheng)秧為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),出(chu)(chu)(chu)欄前佐(zuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)花生(sheng)(sheng)餅(bing)、豆餅(bing)和(he)(he)(he)麩(fu)皮進(jin)(jin)行(xing)催肥。所飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)。在(zai)勞動人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辛勤(qin)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)下,不(bu)斷選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)優去劣,逐漸選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)適(shi)應性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、耐粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)能高(gao)、頭(tou)短(duan)嘴粗、性(xing)(xing)情溫順,適(shi)于(yu)舍飼(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優良(liang)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)——萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加(jia)強(qiang)對萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保種(zhong)(zhong)、選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)推(tui)廣工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)站采用(yong)百分(fen)(fen)法(fa),從(cong)全(quan)市(shi)較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)546頭(tou)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)39頭(tou)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)評選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)優秀母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)50頭(tou),公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)8頭(tou),組(zu)成(cheng)零世代(dai)(dai)基礎群,在(zai)三(san)山(shan)(shan)島(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場對萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)組(zu)群進(jin)(jin)行(xing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)。當時(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)快(kuai)長系(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)(he)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)系(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)性(xing)(xing)狀,采取循環(huan)配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)法(fa),即以(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)定(ding)血(xue)統(tong)(tong),將母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)組(zu),每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)血(xue)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)輪流交(jiao)(jiao)配(pei)(pei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。各(ge)世代(dai)(dai)繼(ji)承豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)共(gong)分(fen)(fen)三(san)次進(jin)(jin)行(xing),第(di)一(yi)(yi)次在(zai)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)齡斷奶時(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing),第(di)二(er)次在(zai)六(liu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)齡時(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing),公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)血(xue)統(tong)(tong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)頭(tou),母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每(mei)窩留兩(liang)(liang)(liang)頭(tou);第(di)三(san)次在(zai)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)齡配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)前進(jin)(jin)行(xing),公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)血(xue)統(tong)(tong)留一(yi)(yi)頭(tou),母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每(mei)窩留一(yi)(yi)頭(tou),保持原基礎群的(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)數(shu)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)次選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)靠稱重(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)目(mu)測(ce)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)大(da)(da)、結(jie)構良(liang)好(hao),沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)遺傳缺陷的(de)(de)(de)(de)斷奶仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);第(di)二(er)、三(san)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze),在(zai)注意前后軀發育(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)般選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),采取指(zhi)數(shu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)法(fa),以(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長兩(liang)(liang)(liang)指(zhi)標(biao)構成(cheng)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)指(zhi)數(shu)。其(qi)公(gong)(gong)式(shi)如(ru)下為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):I=(x1+ x2)/2×100%。式(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)x1為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(kg)/群體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)(kg);x2為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(cm)/群體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)長(cm)。個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze),既要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)標(biao)準(zhun),又(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)照顧血(xue)統(tong)(tong),母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)如(ru)無重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)損征,不(bu)可全(quan)窩淘(tao)汰。以(yi)(yi)(yi)防近(jin)交(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)(xi)數(shu)急劇上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)升。完成(cheng)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)世代(dai)(dai)后,根據養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)發展(zhan)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)(he)瘦(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)技(ji)術研究(jiu)(jiu)課(ke)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求,1982-1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又(you)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)明(ming)確了(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)提高(gao)瘦(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)目(mu)標(biao)繼(ji)續完成(cheng)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)世代(dai)(dai)、前后共(gong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)世代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)結(jie)果(guo)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)(xing)狀都有(you)(you)(you)較大(da)(da)提高(gao),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)報酬最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)突出(chu)(chu)(chu)。根據市(shi)場需(xu)求,70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)后期,我市(shi)陸續引進(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)約克、長白(bai)、杜洛克、漢普夏等國(guo)(guo)外瘦(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)型(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)商品(pin)瘦(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)型(xing)(xing)(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)先后被確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)瘦(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)型(xing)(xing)(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)縣,推(tui)動了(le)萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)發展(zhan)。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),由掖縣畜(chu)牧(mu)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)站承擔(dan),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)站和(he)(he)(he)掖縣西(xi)由鎮獸(shou)(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)站協作(zuo)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)快(kuai)長系(xi)(xi)、高(gao)產(chan)(chan)系(xi)(xi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)》課(ke)題,通(tong)(tong)(tong)過煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)科(ke)委鑒(jian)定(ding);該課(ke)題1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)獲煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)科(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)一(yi)(yi)等獎(jiang)(jiang)。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)站承擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)研究(jiu)(jiu)》課(ke)題獲煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)科(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)二(er)等獎(jiang)(jiang)。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)畜(chu)牧(mu)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)站承擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)瘦(shou)(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)型(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)系(xi)(xi)研究(jiu)(jiu)》課(ke)題通(tong)(tong)(tong)過省(sheng)科(ke)委鑒(jian)定(ding)。自90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后,開始(shi)了(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母本(ben),長白(bai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)一(yi)(yi)父本(ben)、斯格(ge)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)二(er)父本(ben),通(tong)(tong)(tong)過雜(za)交(jiao)(jiao)、橫交(jiao)(jiao)固定(ding)、世代(dai)(dai)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手段進(jin)(jin)行(xing)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。“九五”以(yi)(yi)(yi)來,萊(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)(yu)先后被列入(ru)《山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)三(san)O工(gong)(gong)程、《山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)農(nong)業良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)程》重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)專項(xiang)(xiang),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)更加(jia)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)利用(yong),歷(li)(li)經(jing)十余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)——魯煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)白(bai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過國(guo)(guo)家畜(chu)禽(qin)遺傳資源委員會審(shen)定(ding)。并相繼(ji)于(yu)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)(du)獲得山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)科(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)一(yi)(yi)等獎(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家科(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)二(er)等獎(jiang)(jiang)。獲獎(jiang)(jiang)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):“魯農(nong)Ⅰ號豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)配(pei)(pei)套(tao)系(xi)(xi)、魯煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)白(bai)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)與(yu)應用(yong)”。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)26日(ri)(ri)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)列入(ru)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)畜(chu)禽(qin)遺傳資源保護名(ming)錄。
三.地域范圍
萊州(zhou)煙臺黑豬(zhu)屬華北(bei)型黑豬(zhu)。主要分布在萊州(zhou)全市的三山島(dao)、平(ping)里(li)店、金城、朱橋、驛(yi)道、郭家(jia)店、程郭、柞村、夏邱、沙河、土山、虎(hu)頭(tou)崖等(deng)16處鎮街,共987個行政村。總面積(ji)1878平(ping)方公里(li)。現存欄萊州(zhou)煙臺黑豬(zhu)15000頭(tou),地理坐標為:東(dong)經119°33′-120°18′,北(bei)緯36°59′-37°28′。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官(guan)特征(zheng):萊州煙臺黑(hei)豬體型中等(deng),頭(tou)長短適中,額寬有(you)皺褶,嘴筒粗直(zhi)或(huo)微噘,耳中等(deng)大(da)下垂或(huo)半(ban)下垂,被毛(mao)黑(hei)色(se),稀疏適中,皮色(se)灰。背腰較平直(zhi),腹(fu)中等(deng)大(da),臀部較豐(feng)滿。體質結(jie)實,結(jie)構(gou)緊湊,四肢健壯。有(you)效(xiao)乳頭(tou)7-8對,排列整齊。成(cheng)年公豬體重(zhong)170.0kg,體高79.1cm,體長144.0cm,胸(xiong)圍(wei)132.0cm;母豬體重(zhong)175.0kg,體高75.36cm,體長141.3cm,胸(xiong)圍(wei)136.03cm。
2、內在品質(zhi)要求(qiu):萊州煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)彈性(xing)大(da)、質(zhi)地(di)細(xi)嫩有韌性(xing),有嚼勁,肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)和脂肪沉積(ji)較好(hao),肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)皮(pi)厚實(shi),肥肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)香而不膩,味(wei)道鮮(xian)美(mei),有自然肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)香味(wei)。豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)肥肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)較厚,肥肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)潔白(bai)(bai)(bai)溫(wen)潤(run),瘦(shou)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)紋(wen)理(li)(li)清(qing)晰,色澤(ze)紅潤(run)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)不滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)或很少(shao)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui),吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)力強(qiang)。脂肪熔點高(gao),豬(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)煮(zhu)時,水(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing),烹飪時,油基本(ben)不粘鍋。皮(pi)厚,骨(gu)(gu)硬(ying),骨(gu)(gu)髓熬制的骨(gu)(gu)頭湯(tang)色澤(ze)潔白(bai)(bai)(bai),湯(tang)味(wei)濃郁鮮(xian)美(mei),含有的膠原(yuan)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)能增強(qiang)人體造血(xue)細(xi)胞(bao)的造血(xue)能力。萊州煙(yan)臺(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)色為(wei)3.25分級,大(da)理(li)(li)石紋(wen)3.70分級,pH6.37,失水(shui)(shui)(shui)率3.66%,滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)率0.56%,熟肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率62.96%。肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)分69.18%,干物(wu)質(zhi)30.82%,粗(cu)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)21.9%,粗(cu)脂肪7.5%。灰分1.05%。肌(ji)纖(xian)維直徑(jing)55.34um,肌(ji)纖(xian)維密度270.94平方毫(hao)米(mi)。
3、安全要求:萊州煙臺(tai)黑豬生產嚴格按《NY5032-2006無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品畜禽飼料(liao)和飼料(liao)添加劑使用(yong)(yong)準則》、《NY5030-2006無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品畜禽飼養獸藥使用(yong)(yong)準則》執行。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地(di)(di)選擇與特殊內容規定:萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬(zhu)生活在萊(lai)州遼闊的縣域。萊(lai)州北臨(lin)渤海,南有(you)(you)山嵐丘(qiu)陵,空(kong)氣(qi)清(qing)新,環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)無(wu)污染。經監測(ce),大氣(qi)中(zhong)二(er)(er)氧(yang)化硫、二(er)(er)氧(yang)化氮含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較低,大氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)優于(yu)(yu)國家(jia)大氣(qi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)二(er)(er)級(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。其中(zhong),二(er)(er)氧(yang)化硫年日均(jun)(jun)(jun)值為0.030mg/立方米,達(da)到(dao)國家(jia)大氣(qi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)二(er)(er)級(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun);二(er)(er)氧(yang)化氮年日均(jun)(jun)(jun)值為0.016mg/立方米,優于(yu)(yu)國家(jia)大氣(qi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)一級(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)內工(gong)礦企業排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)均(jun)(jun)(jun)符合(he)國家(jia)環(huan)保要求(qiu)。萊(lai)州豐富有(you)(you)益的地(di)(di)下(xia)巖(yan)層、較高(gao)的植(zhi)被覆蓋率使地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不利健康的物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)到(dao)天然的過濾(lv)清(qing)洗,經過砂粒(li)層、巖(yan)層的涵養(yang),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)總硬度(du)為188mg/L;PH值保持在6.9—8.3之間,屬微(wei)堿性(xing),接近動物血(xue)液PH值。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)鋅(xin)、硒、鎂(mei)、鐵等微(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao),吸收(shou)后,具(ju)有(you)(you)良好的防(fang)病抗病功能。萊(lai)州土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)適中(zhong),富含錳、鋅(xin)、硼等多種微(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)營養(yang)元(yuan)素,分別達(da)到(dao)34.74mg/kg、1.93mg/kg、0.51mg/kg。通(tong)過食(shi)(shi)物鏈獲取土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)這些微(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素,能有(you)(you)效提高(gao)機體免疫力。境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)內飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、大氣(qi)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)均(jun)(jun)(jun)符合(he)國家(jia)有(you)(you)關標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun);產品產地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)符合(he)《畜禽場(chang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)NY/T388》;環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)符合(he)《綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)品產地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)技術條件》NT/T391-2000規定的《環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》和《綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)品產地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)導(dao)則(ze)(ze)》中(zhong)的要求(qiu);土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)符合(he)《綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)品產地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)技術條件》NT/T391-2000規定的《土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)空(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)》和《綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)品產地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)導(dao)則(ze)(ze)》中(zhong)的要求(qiu)。
2、品種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特定要(yao)求:萊(lai)(lai)州市(shi)歷(li)來(lai)十分(fen)重視(shi)對萊(lai)(lai)州煙臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)的品種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)。從1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)春,萊(lai)(lai)州市(shi)畜牧(mu)獸(shou)醫站承擔(dan)了原(yuan)煙臺(tai)(tai)地(di)區科(ke)委下達(da)的萊(lai)(lai)州煙臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)快長系(xi)和高產系(xi)的選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)工(gong)作。在(zai)全縣(xian)范圍內遴選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)煙臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)優(you)良種(zhong)豬(zhu)組(zu)群,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)采取閉鎖繁育(yu)(yu)、循環配種(zhong)、頭胎留(liu)種(zhong)的方法進(jin)行(xing),前(qian)后(hou)歷(li)時10年(nian)(nian)(nian)共進(jin)行(xing)了7個世(shi)代的選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu),通過選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)各項性(xing)狀都有較大提高,其(qi)性(xing)成熟早(zao),繁殖(zhi)(zhi)力高,抗病力強,適應性(xing)強等特點(dian)更加明(ming)顯(xian),尤其(qi)以飼料報酬(chou)最為突(tu)出。自2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)起萊(lai)(lai)州市(shi)煙臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)原(yuan)種(zhong)場開始承擔(dan)萊(lai)(lai)州煙臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)保(bao)種(zhong)擴群任(ren)務(wu),養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模逐(zhu)漸擴大,養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)戶(hu)數(shu)量也逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)體(ti)高,經濟效益(yi)、市(shi)場銷售前(qian)景廣(guang)闊。
3、生(sheng)產過程管(guan)理(li),包(bao)括農業投(tou)入品(pin)方(fang)面的(de)(de)特(te)殊使用(yong)(yong)規(gui)定(ding)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao):隨著養殖場集約(yue)化、規(gui)模化進(jin)(jin)(jin)程的(de)(de)加快,萊(lai)州煙(yan)臺黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)已由傳統的(de)(de)以放牧、舍(she)飼(si)為主(zhu)轉變為舍(she)飼(si),已很少投(tou)放飼(si)草(cao)飼(si)喂(wei)。飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)主(zhu)要(yao)根據生(sheng)長階段的(de)(de)不(bu)同,自己按(an)(an)配方(fang)要(yao)求進(jin)(jin)(jin)行配比(bi),通(tong)常(chang)是(shi)濃(nong)縮飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)配以玉米、麩皮等,濃(nong)縮飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)由添(tian)加劑(ji)預混料(liao)(liao)(liao)、常(chang)量(liang)(liang)礦物質(zhi)(zhi)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)按(an)(an)一定(ding)比(bi)例(li)混合(he)而(er)成的(de)(de)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)符(fu)合(he)NY5032-2006。飲水(shui)(shui):山泉水(shui)(shui)、河水(shui)(shui)、井(jing)水(shui)(shui)或自來水(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)符(fu)合(he)NY5027的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗使用(yong)(yong):按(an)(an)免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)程序嚴(yan)格(ge)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi),萊(lai)州煙(yan)臺黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)符(fu)合(he)NY5149的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding);防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)器械在免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)前后(hou)均徹(che)底(di)消毒(du)(du)。獸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong):預防(fang)和(he)治(zhi)療(liao)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)時,符(fu)合(he)NY5030-2006的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。后(hou)期(qi)使用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物治(zhi)療(liao)時,應(ying)(ying)根據所用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物執行休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)。在使用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物治(zhi)療(liao)發生(sheng)疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)萊(lai)州煙(yan)臺黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)時,在治(zhi)療(liao)期(qi)或達不(bu)到休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)的(de)(de)不(bu)作為食(shi)用(yong)(yong)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉出(chu)售。驅蟲(chong)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)浴管(guan)理(li):選擇高效、安(an)全的(de)(de)抗寄生(sheng)蟲(chong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),定(ding)期(qi)對(dui)(dui)萊(lai)州煙(yan)臺黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行驅蟲(chong)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)浴。滅(mie)鼠(shu)、滅(mie)蚊蠅(ying):定(ding)期(qi)定(ding)點投(tou)入滅(mie)鼠(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),及(ji)時收集死(si)鼠(shu)及(ji)殘余鼠(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),并(bing)做深埋處理(li)。消除水(shui)(shui)坑等蚊蠅(ying)孽生(sheng)地(di),定(ding)期(qi)噴(pen)灑消毒(du)(du)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。衛生(sheng)消毒(du)(du):選用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)消毒(du)(du)劑(ji)符(fu)合(he)NY5148的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。豬(zhu)(zhu)舍(she)周圍環境(jing)定(ding)期(qi)用(yong)(yong)2%火(huo)堿或生(sheng)石灰消毒(du)(du)。每批豬(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)欄后(hou),均徹(che)底(di)清掃豬(zhu)(zhu)舍(she),采用(yong)(yong)噴(pen)霧、火(huo)焰消毒(du)(du)。定(ding)期(qi)對(dui)(dui)分娩欄、補(bu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)槽等用(yong)(yong)具進(jin)(jin)(jin)行消毒(du)(du)。定(ding)期(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行帶豬(zhu)(zhu)消毒(du)(du),減少環境(jing)中的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)原微(wei)生(sheng)物。疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)監(jian)測:畜(chu)牧獸醫(yi)部門依照《動物防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)法》制定(ding)監(jian)測方(fang)案,并(bing)組織(zhi)實施。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)死(si)豬(zhu)(zhu)處理(li):對(dui)(dui)可疑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)隔(ge)離觀(guan)察、確診。對(dui)(dui)有使用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)應(ying)(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行隔(ge)離、治(zhi)療(liao),徹(che)底(di)治(zhi)愈(yu)后(hou),才(cai)能歸群。因傳染(ran)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)其(qi)他(ta)需要(yao)處理(li)的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu),應(ying)(ying)在指定(ding)地(di)點撲殺,尸體按(an)(an)照GB16548進(jin)(jin)(jin)行無(wu)害化處理(li)。豬(zhu)(zhu)場不(bu)得出(chu)售病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)、死(si)豬(zhu)(zhu)。
4、生產記(ji)(ji)錄:做好生產全過程的(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)錄,包括:豬只標記(ji)(ji)和譜系的(de)(de)育(yu)種記(ji)(ji)錄;發情(qing)、配種、妊娠、產仔的(de)(de)繁育(yu)記(ji)(ji)錄;主(zhu)要(yao)生產性能及(ji)銷售(shou)記(ji)(ji)錄;飼料、獸(shou)藥的(de)(de)購銷、使用記(ji)(ji)錄;免疫(yi)、消(xiao)毒(du)記(ji)(ji)錄;死淘記(ji)(ji)錄和無害化(hua)處理(li)記(ji)(ji)錄等。記(ji)(ji)錄完(wan)整、真實(shi),所有記(ji)(ji)錄應保(bao)存兩(liang)年以上,重大事(shi)件(jian)記(ji)(ji)錄永久保(bao)存。
六.包裝標(biao)識相關規定
本部分(fen)內(nei)容主要包(bao)括登(deng)記產品(pin)的分(fen)級(ji)、包(bao)裝(zhuang)、標識、貯藏、運輸(shu)等(deng)內(nei)容。 1、分(fen)級(ji):萊州煙臺黑豬鮮、凍(dong)胴體分(fen)為一(yi)級(ji)、二級(ji)和三級(ji)。
2、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang):包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料應(ying)符合GB11680和GB9687的規定,包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)物使(shi)(shi)用無(wu)毒(du)油墨印(yin)刷。標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用人(ren)在其產品或包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)統一使(shi)(shi)用農(nong)產品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(“萊州(zhou)煙臺(tai)黑豬”名稱和公共(gong)標(biao)識(shi)圖(tu)案組合標(biao)注形(xing)式)。內外包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)應(ying)分別(bie)存(cun)放,不得(de)受污染。
3、標(biao)(biao)識:在每片萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬(zhu)胴體上加蓋檢(jian)驗驗訖印(yin)章和等(deng)級(ji)印(yin)戳,字跡(ji)清晰(xi),印(yin)色(se)用(yong)食(shi)品級(ji)色(se)素配(pei)制。銷(xiao)售和運(yun)輸(shu)包裝物應標(biao)(biao)注“萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬(zhu)”標(biao)(biao)志,并標(biao)(biao)明(ming)產(chan)品名稱、數量、產(chan)地、包裝日期(qi)(qi)、生產(chan)單位、保(bao)質期(qi)(qi)、產(chan)品質量、執行標(biao)(biao)準代號等(deng)級(ji)等(deng)內容。不符合(he)本標(biao)(biao)準的(de)(de)產(chan)品,其(qi)產(chan)品名稱不得使用(yong)含有“萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬(zhu)”(包括連續或斷開(kai))的(de)(de)名稱。
4、貯(zhu)存:冷(leng)卻豬肉(rou)吊(diao)掛在相對濕(shi)度(du)(du)75-84%、溫(wen)度(du)(du)0-1℃的(de)冷(leng)卻間,胴體之間的(de)距離保持3-5cm。冷(leng)凍豬肉(rou)應吊(diao)掛在相對濕(shi)度(du)(du)95-100%、溫(wen)度(du)(du)-18℃的(de)冷(leng)藏(zang)間。
5、運輸(shu):公路、水路運輸(shu)使用符合衛生(sheng)要求的冷藏車(船)或保溫車,鐵路運輸(shu)按國家有關(guan)規定執行。