一.產品介紹
萊(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑豬屬華北(bei)型(xing)黑豬。主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)在萊(lai)州(zhou)全市的三山島、平(ping)里(li)店(dian)、金城、朱橋、驛道(dao)、郭家店(dian)、程郭、柞村、夏邱、沙河(he)、土山、虎(hu)頭崖等16處鎮街,共987個行政村。總(zong)面積1878平(ping)方公里(li)。現存欄萊(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑豬15000頭,地理坐標為:東(dong)經119°33′-120°18′,北(bei)緯(wei)36°59′-37°28′。萊(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑豬體(ti)型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)等,頭長短適中(zhong)(zhong),額寬(kuan)有皺褶,嘴筒粗直或微噘,耳中(zhong)(zhong)等大下(xia)垂或半(ban)下(xia)垂,被毛(mao)黑色,稀疏適中(zhong)(zhong),皮色灰。背(bei)腰較平(ping)直,腹中(zhong)(zhong)等大,臀部較豐(feng)滿。體(ti)質結實(shi),結構緊湊,四肢健壯。有效乳頭7-8對,排列整齊(qi)。成年(nian)公豬體(ti)重170.0kg,體(ti)高79.1cm,體(ti)長144.0cm,胸圍132.0cm;母(mu)豬體(ti)重175.0kg,體(ti)高75.36cm,體(ti)長141.3cm,胸圍136.03cm。萊(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑豬肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)的肉(rou)(rou)色為3.25分(fen)級,大理石紋3.70分(fen)級,pH6.37,失(shi)水率3.66%,滲(shen)水率0.56%,熟(shu)肉(rou)(rou)率62.96%。肌(ji)肉(rou)(rou)含水分(fen)69.18%,干物質30.82%,粗蛋白質21.9%,粗脂肪7.5%。灰分(fen)1.05%。肌(ji)纖(xian)維直徑55.34um,肌(ji)纖(xian)維密度270.94平(ping)方納(na)米。
二.自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境和人(ren)文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情況(kuang):萊(lai)州市位于膠東地(di)(di)(di)盾北(bei)(bei)(bei)隆起西(xi)(xi)(xi)側,渤海(hai)(hai)灣南(nan)岸(an)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東半島西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)。境內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)勢東南(nan)高、西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)低,分(fen)為(wei)五種(zhong)主(zhu)要地(di)(di)(di)貌類(lei)型。東南(nan)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)郭家(jia)店、驛道、柞村等(deng)(deng)鎮街因花(hua)崗巖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)侵蝕破(po)壞形成(cheng)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),變質(zhi)巖地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)形成(cheng)波狀丘陵;濱海(hai)(hai)低地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于南(nan)陽河口以北(bei)(bei)(bei)及虎(hu)頭崖(ya)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)沿海(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai),面積(ji)346.2平方公(gong)里,占(zhan)全市總面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)19%,海(hai)(hai)拔高度在(zai)10米(mi)以下,在(zai)倉上(shang)—過(guo)西(xi)(xi)(xi)、三山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)—西(xi)(xi)(xi)由間分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)古瀉湖(hu)構成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)低洼地(di)(di)(di),土(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以西(xi)(xi)(xi)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)古海(hai)(hai)岸(an)沙丘等(deng)(deng);洪(hong)積(ji)、沖(chong)積(ji)平原主(zhu)要分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于濱海(hai)(hai)低地(di)(di)(di)以東,面積(ji)409.7平方公(gong)里,占(zhan)全市總面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)22.56%,海(hai)(hai)拔高度大致在(zai)10-50米(mi)之間。境內(nei)主(zhu)要山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)自(zi)南(nan)向北(bei)(bei)(bei)有(you)馬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)、吳(wu)家(jia)大山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)、云(yun)峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),自(zi)東向西(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)倉石山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),大溝(gou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),天(tian)齊山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),崮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)。這(zhe)些山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)集中,構成(cheng)了(le)(le)天(tian)然屏障,阻擋了(le)(le)從南(nan)而來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)江淮氣(qi)流,影響(xiang)著萊(lai)州的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)溫和降水,形成(cheng)了(le)(le)獨(du)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)氣(qi)候。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型為(wei)棕壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、褐土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)、砂姜黑土(tu)(tu)五類(lei)。全市除過(guo)西(xi)(xi)(xi)、土(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、寨徐等(deng)(deng)鄉鎮外,其他鄉鎮皆有(you)棕壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)分(fen)布(bu)(bu),總面積(ji)128萬多畝,占(zhan)總土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)56.84%,適宜多種(zhong)動植物的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長。萊(lai)州境內(nei)諸多山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)構成(cheng)天(tian)然屏障形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特小(xiao)氣(qi)候以及土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌環(huan)境造就了(le)(le)萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)有(you)品(pin)質(zhi)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)情(qing)況:萊(lai)州的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)情(qing)況比較(jiao)復雜。境(jing)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系總長(chang)313.7公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1586平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),主要河(he)流(liu)15條(tiao)。境(jing)內較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)河(he)流(liu)有(you)王(wang)河(he),主要發源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)招遠市塔山(shan),經三元、驛道、平里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)店(dian)(dian)、過(guo)(guo)西到(dao)(dao)三山(shan)島村南(nan)(nan)入渤海(hai)(hai),全長(chang)50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)326.8平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。白(bai)沙河(he)發源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)大(da)(da)基山(shan)脖歪頂南(nan)(nan),流(liu)經東(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)門(men)、小(xiao)臺(tai)頭(tou)、臨疃河(he)、火(huo)神(shen)廟(miao)、尊(zun)村、積(ji)(ji)福,經珍(zhen)珠東(dong)(dong)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)村以(yi)(yi)下2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)處(chu)入渤海(hai)(hai),流(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)217平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)河(he)發源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)大(da)(da)基山(shan)前店(dian)(dian)子(zi)村南(nan)(nan),流(liu)經前店(dian)(dian)子(zi)、后河(he)、東(dong)(dong)洼(wa)子(zi)、毛家莊(zhuang)(zhuang)子(zi)、山(shan)嶺子(zi)、南(nan)(nan)關(guan)(guan)、陽(yang)關(guan)(guan)、河(he)套、泗河(he),到(dao)(dao)海(hai)(hai)廟(miao)姜家入渤海(hai)(hai)。全長(chang)23公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)113.8平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。萊(lai)州市北臨萊(lai)州灣,海(hai)(hai)岸(an)線(xian)長(chang)108公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),素有(you)“黃金海(hai)(hai)岸(an)”之(zhi)稱,近海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)PH值在8.17—8.42之(zhi)間,溶解氧在7—8.5mg/L范圍內,超過(guo)(guo)一類海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標準。沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)百公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)黑(hei)松林綿延曲折,蒼翠茂盛,綠樹成(cheng)蔭,是“天然氧吧”。15米等深(shen)線(xian)淺(qian)(qian)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)586萬畝(mu),沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)灘(tan)涂面(mian)積(ji)(ji)60.3萬畝(mu),內潮(chao)間帶面(mian)積(ji)(ji)15.3萬畝(mu)。自刁(diao)龍嘴向西北有(you)一長(chang)約(yue)15公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),寬約(yue)1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)2米的(de)淺(qian)(qian)灘(tan)。淺(qian)(qian)灘(tan)以(yi)(yi)東(dong)(dong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)灘(tan)陡(dou),地為沙質(zhi)(zhi)。淺(qian)(qian)灘(tan)以(yi)(yi)西,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)淺(qian)(qian)灘(tan)薄(bo),底為西沙和泥(ni)沙質(zhi)(zhi)。萊(lai)州市發達的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系和廣袤的(de)海(hai)(hai)域淺(qian)(qian)灘(tan)為萊(lai)州煙臺(tai)黑(hei)豬的(de)發展奠定了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)基礎。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情(qing)(qing)況:萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)屬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶東(dong)(dong)亞季風大(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,大(da)(da)(da)陸(lu)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)61.7%。四季氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)明顯:春季雨水(shui)(shui)少(shao)(shao),回暖(nuan)迅速;夏季氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)高(gao)、濕度(du)大(da)(da)(da),雨量集中(zhong)(zhong);秋季降水(shui)(shui)減少(shao)(shao),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候涼(liang)爽;冬季北風強(qiang)盛,降水(shui)(shui)稀(xi)少(shao)(shao),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候寒冷。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)12.3—12.4℃,城區(qu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)達(da)12.4℃,其次(ci)(ci)(ci)西(xi)南部平(ping)(ping)(ping)原,在(zai)(zai)(zai)12.3℃。歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)端最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)35℃左右(you),80%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)6、7兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),其次(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬。極(ji)(ji)(ji)端最(zui)(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)出(chu)現(xian)于(yu)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),其次(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬和(he)(he)(he)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬,歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)值變化(hua)較大(da)(da)(da),從-8.4℃—-17℃。境(jing)內降水(shui)(shui)量歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)600毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)左右(you)。其分(fen)布(bu)主要(yao)(yao)受天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)影響,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量分(fen)布(bu)趨(qu)勢自東(dong)(dong)南向西(xi)北遞減。東(dong)(dong)南山(shan)區(qu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)量在(zai)(zai)(zai)700毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,西(xi)部沿(yan)海在(zai)(zai)(zai)600毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下,其他地(di)區(qu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)600—700毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)。境(jing)內累年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)2726.0小(xiao)時,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)290小(xiao)時,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)(shao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)175.2小(xiao)時。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)各(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)百分(fen)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)61%,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)(da),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)66%,7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)53%。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)初霜日(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)29日(ri)(ri),極(ji)(ji)(ji)端最(zui)(zui)(zui)早初霜日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)6日(ri)(ri)(1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian));最(zui)(zui)(zui)晚(wan)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)15日(ri)(ri)(1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)終霜日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)9日(ri)(ri),極(ji)(ji)(ji)端最(zui)(zui)(zui)晚(wan)終霜日(ri)(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)(1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))最(zui)(zui)(zui)早3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)22日(ri)(ri)(1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。這為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件。 4、人文歷史情(qing)(qing)況:萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)民(min)間(jian)素(su)有(you)(you)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)習慣(guan),1883年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編修(xiu)出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)掖縣(xian)志“物(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)篇”中(zhong)(zhong)就有(you)(you)“豕”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載。1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)縣(xian)存(cun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)2.6萬頭(tou)(tou)(tou),建國(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)各(ge)(ge)級政府積極(ji)(ji)(ji)鼓勵(li)、支(zhi)持養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)生(sheng)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存(cun)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)26.7萬頭(tou)(tou)(tou),有(you)(you)17處(chu)公社18個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)隊(dui)實現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增至(zhi)43.5萬頭(tou)(tou)(tou)。當時村(cun)村(cun)有(you)(you)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)、戶(hu)戶(hu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人們(men)生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)位(wei)置,是(shi)當地(di)農(nong)民(min)收入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)補充(chong)。飼(si)喂方式(shi)多(duo)采(cai)用放(fang)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)(he)圈養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)飼(si)喂青儲(chu)飼(si)料(liao)、地(di)瓜(gua)蔓(man)、花生(sheng)秧為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,出(chu)欄前(qian)佐以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)花生(sheng)餅、豆餅和(he)(he)(he)麩(fu)皮(pi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)催肥。所(suo)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)勞動人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辛勤飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)下,不斷選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)優(you)去劣,逐漸選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)適應(ying)(ying)性(xing)強(qiang)、耐(nai)粗(cu)(cu)飼(si)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)能高(gao)、頭(tou)(tou)(tou)短(duan)嘴粗(cu)(cu)、性(xing)情(qing)(qing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)順,適于(yu)舍飼(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群體(ti)(ti)(ti)——萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)、選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)推廣工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)采(cai)用百分(fen)法(fa),從全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)546頭(tou)(tou)(tou)母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)39頭(tou)(tou)(tou)公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)評(ping)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)優(you)秀母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)50頭(tou)(tou)(tou),公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)8頭(tou)(tou)(tou),組成零世(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)基(ji)礎群,在(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)山(shan)島種(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)對(dui)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)組群進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)。當時以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)快長系(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)(he)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)性(xing)狀,采(cai)取循環(huan)配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)法(fa),即以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)定(ding)(ding)血統(tong)(tong)(tong),將母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八組,每個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)血統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)輪流(liu)交(jiao)配(pei)(pei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。各(ge)(ge)世(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)繼承豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇共(gong)分(fen)三(san)次(ci)(ci)(ci)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing),第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)齡斷奶時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing),第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)齡時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing),公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)血統(tong)(tong)(tong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)兩頭(tou)(tou)(tou),母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每窩留兩頭(tou)(tou)(tou);第(di)三(san)次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)齡配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing),公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)血統(tong)(tong)(tong)留一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou),母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)每窩留一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou),保(bao)持原基(ji)礎群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)數(shu)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇主要(yao)(yao)靠稱重(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)目測選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)大(da)(da)(da)、結構(gou)良(liang)好(hao),沒有(you)(you)遺傳(chuan)(chuan)缺陷(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷奶仔豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);第(di)二(er)、三(san)次(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇,在(zai)(zai)(zai)注(zhu)意(yi)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)軀發(fa)育(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上,采(cai)取指(zhi)數(shu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇法(fa),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)體(ti)(ti)(ti)長兩指(zhi)標(biao)構(gou)成選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇指(zhi)數(shu)。其公式(shi)如下為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):I=(x1+ x2)/2×100%。式(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)x1為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(kg)/群體(ti)(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(kg);x2為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)(ti)長(cm)/群體(ti)(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)(ti)長(cm)。個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇,既(ji)要(yao)(yao)堅持選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)標(biao)準(zhun),又(you)要(yao)(yao)照(zhao)顧血統(tong)(tong)(tong),母(mu)(mu)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)如無重(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)損征(zheng),不可全(quan)窩淘汰(tai)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)防近交(jiao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)急劇上升(sheng)。完成4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)世(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)后(hou)(hou),根據(ju)(ju)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)需要(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)(he)瘦(shou)肉豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)配(pei)(pei)套技(ji)術研(yan)究課(ke)題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求,1982-1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又(you)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)明確了(le)(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提高(gao)瘦(shou)肉率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)目標(biao)繼續完成3個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)世(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、前(qian)后(hou)(hou)共(gong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)世(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)結果各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)性(xing)狀都有(you)(you)較大(da)(da)(da)提高(gao),其中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)飼(si)料(liao)報(bao)酬最(zui)(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)突出(chu)。根據(ju)(ju)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)需求,70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)后(hou)(hou)期,我市(shi)(shi)(shi)陸(lu)續引進(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)(da)約克、長白、杜洛克、漢普夏等(deng)國(guo)(guo)外(wai)瘦(shou)肉型(xing)公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜交(jiao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)商品(pin)(pin)瘦(shou)肉型(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)先后(hou)(hou)被(bei)確定(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)瘦(shou)肉型(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)縣(xian),推動了(le)(le)(le)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)(ding)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),由掖縣(xian)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)承擔,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)掖縣(xian)西(xi)由鎮獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)協作(zuo)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)快長系(xi)(xi)(xi)、高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)》課(ke)題(ti)(ti),通(tong)過煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)鑒定(ding)(ding);該課(ke)題(ti)(ti)1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)獲(huo)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)等(deng)獎。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)承擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)需要(yao)(yao)研(yan)究》課(ke)題(ti)(ti)獲(huo)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)二(er)等(deng)獎。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)站(zhan)承擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)瘦(shou)肉型(xing)品(pin)(pin)系(xi)(xi)(xi)研(yan)究》課(ke)題(ti)(ti)通(tong)過省(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)鑒定(ding)(ding)。自90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou),開始(shi)了(le)(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)本,長白豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)父(fu)(fu)本、斯格豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)二(er)父(fu)(fu)本,通(tong)過雜交(jiao)、橫交(jiao)固定(ding)(ding)、世(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手段進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。“九五(wu)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來,萊(lai)(lai)(lai)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)(yu)先后(hou)(hou)被(bei)列入《山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)三(san)O工(gong)(gong)程、《山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)程》重(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)專項(xiang),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)更加(jia)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究與(yu)利用,歷經(jing)十余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)——魯煙(yan)(yan)(yan)白豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)過國(guo)(guo)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺傳(chuan)(chuan)資源(yuan)委(wei)(wei)員會(hui)審定(ding)(ding)。并相繼于(yu)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)獲(huo)得山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)等(deng)獎和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)二(er)等(deng)獎。獲(huo)獎項(xiang)目為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):“魯農(nong)Ⅰ號豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)配(pei)(pei)套系(xi)(xi)(xi)、魯煙(yan)(yan)(yan)白豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)與(yu)應(ying)(ying)用”。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)26日(ri)(ri)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺黑(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)列入山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺傳(chuan)(chuan)資源(yuan)保(bao)護名(ming)錄。
三.地域范圍
萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬屬華(hua)北(bei)型黑豬。主要分布在萊(lai)州全市的三(san)山島、平(ping)里(li)店、金城、朱(zhu)橋、驛道、郭家店、程郭、柞(zuo)村(cun)、夏邱、沙河、土山、虎頭(tou)崖(ya)等16處鎮街,共987個行政村(cun)。總面積1878平(ping)方公里(li)。現存欄萊(lai)州煙臺黑豬15000頭(tou),地理坐(zuo)標為:東經119°33′-120°18′,北(bei)緯36°59′-37°28′。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在感官特征:萊州煙臺黑(hei)豬體型(xing)中等(deng),頭(tou)長(chang)短適(shi)中,額(e)寬有皺褶,嘴筒粗直(zhi)或微噘(jue),耳中等(deng)大(da)(da)下(xia)垂(chui)或半下(xia)垂(chui),被毛黑(hei)色,稀疏適(shi)中,皮色灰(hui)。背腰較平直(zhi),腹中等(deng)大(da)(da),臀部較豐滿(man)。體質(zhi)結(jie)實,結(jie)構(gou)緊湊,四肢(zhi)健(jian)壯。有效乳頭(tou)7-8對,排列整(zheng)齊。成年公豬體重170.0kg,體高(gao)79.1cm,體長(chang)144.0cm,胸圍132.0cm;母豬體重175.0kg,體高(gao)75.36cm,體長(chang)141.3cm,胸圍136.03cm。
2、內在(zai)品質要求:萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)煙臺(tai)黑豬豬肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)彈(dan)性大、質地(di)細(xi)嫩有(you)韌性,有(you)嚼勁,肌(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)和脂(zhi)(zhi)肪沉(chen)積較好,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)皮厚實,肥(fei)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)香而不(bu)膩(ni),味(wei)(wei)道(dao)鮮(xian)美,有(you)自然肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)香味(wei)(wei)。豬肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)肥(fei)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)較厚,肥(fei)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)潔白溫潤,瘦肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)紋理(li)清(qing)晰,色澤(ze)紅(hong)潤豬肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)不(bu)滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或很少滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力(li)強(qiang)(qiang)。脂(zhi)(zhi)肪熔點高,豬肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)煮(zhu)時(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing),烹飪(ren)時(shi),油(you)基本不(bu)粘鍋(guo)。皮厚,骨(gu)(gu)硬(ying),骨(gu)(gu)髓(sui)熬制的(de)骨(gu)(gu)頭(tou)湯色澤(ze)潔白,湯味(wei)(wei)濃郁鮮(xian)美,含有(you)的(de)膠原蛋白能增強(qiang)(qiang)人體造血(xue)細(xi)胞的(de)造血(xue)能力(li)。萊(lai)(lai)州(zhou)煙臺(tai)黑豬肌(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)的(de)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)色為(wei)3.25分(fen)級,大理(li)石紋3.70分(fen)級,pH6.37,失水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)3.66%,滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)0.56%,熟肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)率(lv)62.96%。肌(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)69.18%,干物質30.82%,粗蛋白質21.9%,粗脂(zhi)(zhi)肪7.5%。灰分(fen)1.05%。肌(ji)(ji)纖維(wei)(wei)直徑55.34um,肌(ji)(ji)纖維(wei)(wei)密(mi)度270.94平方毫米。
3、安全(quan)要求:萊州煙臺黑(hei)豬生(sheng)產嚴格(ge)按《NY5032-2006無公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)畜禽飼(si)料(liao)(liao)和飼(si)料(liao)(liao)添加劑使用準則》、《NY5030-2006無公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)畜禽飼(si)養獸(shou)藥使用準則》執(zhi)行。
五.特定(ding)生產方(fang)式
1、產地(di)(di)選擇與特殊(shu)內容規定:萊州煙臺黑豬生(sheng)活在(zai)萊州遼(liao)闊的(de)(de)縣域。萊州北臨渤海,南有(you)(you)山嵐(lan)丘陵(ling),空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)清(qing)新,環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)無污染。經監測,大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)硫、二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氮含量(liang)(liang)較低,大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)優于國(guo)家大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)二(er)級(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。其中(zhong),二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)硫年(nian)日(ri)均(jun)值(zhi)為0.030mg/立方(fang)米(mi),達到(dao)國(guo)家大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)二(er)級(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun);二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氮年(nian)日(ri)均(jun)值(zhi)為0.016mg/立方(fang)米(mi),優于國(guo)家大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)級(ji)(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),境(jing)(jing)(jing)內工礦企業排水(shui)(shui)均(jun)符合(he)國(guo)家環(huan)(huan)保(bao)要(yao)求(qiu)。萊州豐富(fu)有(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)巖層(ceng)、較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)植(zhi)被覆蓋率使(shi)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)不利(li)健康的(de)(de)物質(zhi)得到(dao)天然的(de)(de)過濾清(qing)洗,經過砂粒(li)層(ceng)、巖層(ceng)的(de)(de)涵養,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)總硬度為188mg/L;PH值(zhi)保(bao)持在(zai)6.9—8.3之間,屬微(wei)(wei)(wei)堿性,接近動物血液PH值(zhi)。水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)鋅、硒、鎂、鐵等微(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)元素含量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao),吸(xi)收后,具有(you)(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)防病抗病功能。萊州土壤(rang)質(zhi)地(di)(di)適(shi)中(zhong),富(fu)含錳、鋅、硼等多種(zhong)微(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)營養元素,分別達到(dao)34.74mg/kg、1.93mg/kg、0.51mg/kg。通過食(shi)物鏈獲取土壤(rang)中(zhong)這(zhe)些(xie)微(wei)(wei)(wei)量(liang)(liang)元素,能有(you)(you)效提高(gao)(gao)機(ji)體免疫力。境(jing)(jing)(jing)內飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)、大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)、土壤(rang)均(jun)符合(he)國(guo)家有(you)(you)關標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun);產品(pin)產地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)符合(he)《畜禽場環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)NY/T388》;環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)符合(he)《綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)產地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)技(ji)術條件》NT/T391-2000規定的(de)(de)《環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)》和(he)《綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)產地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)導(dao)則》中(zhong)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu);土壤(rang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)符合(he)《綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)產地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)技(ji)術條件》NT/T391-2000規定的(de)(de)《土壤(rang)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)》和(he)《綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)產地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)導(dao)則》中(zhong)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。
2、品種選擇(ze)與特定要求:萊(lai)州市(shi)歷來十分重(zhong)視對萊(lai)州煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)的品種選育。從1978年春,萊(lai)州市(shi)畜牧獸醫站(zhan)承(cheng)擔了原煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)地區科委(wei)下達(da)的萊(lai)州煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)快(kuai)長系和(he)高產系的選育工作。在全縣范(fan)圍內遴選煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)優良種豬(zhu)組(zu)群(qun),選育采取閉鎖繁育、循(xun)環配種、頭胎(tai)留種的方(fang)法進行,前(qian)后歷時10年共(gong)進行了7個世(shi)代(dai)的選育,通(tong)過選育各項性(xing)狀都有較大(da)提(ti)高,其(qi)性(xing)成熟早,繁殖力高,抗病力強(qiang),適(shi)應性(xing)強(qiang)等特點更加明顯,尤其(qi)以(yi)飼料報酬最為突(tu)出。自2009年起萊(lai)州市(shi)煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)原種場開始承(cheng)擔萊(lai)州煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑(hei)豬(zhu)保種擴群(qun)任(ren)務,養殖規模逐(zhu)(zhu)漸擴大(da),養殖戶數量也逐(zhu)(zhu)年體高,經濟(ji)效益(yi)、市(shi)場銷售前(qian)景廣闊。
3、生產(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li),包(bao)括農業投入(ru)品方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊使(shi)用(yong)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)飼(si)料(liao):隨著養殖(zhi)場集約化、規(gui)(gui)模化進(jin)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加快,萊(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)已由傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以放牧(mu)、舍飼(si)為(wei)主轉變為(wei)舍飼(si),已很少(shao)投放飼(si)草(cao)飼(si)喂。飼(si)料(liao)主要根(gen)據(ju)生長階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong),自己按(an)配(pei)(pei)方要求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)配(pei)(pei)比,通常是濃(nong)縮(suo)(suo)飼(si)料(liao)配(pei)(pei)以玉(yu)米(mi)、麩(fu)皮(pi)等(deng),濃(nong)縮(suo)(suo)飼(si)料(liao)是由添加劑(ji)預混料(liao)、常量礦物質飼(si)料(liao)和(he)(he)蛋白質飼(si)料(liao)按(an)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)比例(li)混合(he)(he)(he)而(er)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)料(liao)。飼(si)料(liao)質量符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)NY5032-2006。飲水:山泉水、河水、井水或自來(lai)水,水質符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)NY5027的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗使(shi)用(yong):按(an)免疫(yi)(yi)(yi)程(cheng)序嚴(yan)格(ge)進(jin)行(xing)免疫(yi)(yi)(yi),萊(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免疫(yi)(yi)(yi)符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)NY5149的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding);防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)器械在免疫(yi)(yi)(yi)前后(hou)(hou)均徹底消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。獸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong):預防(fang)和(he)(he)治療(liao)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)時(shi),符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)NY5030-2006的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物治療(liao)時(shi),應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)所用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物執行(xing)休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)(qi)。在使(shi)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物治療(liao)發(fa)生疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萊(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)時(shi),在治療(liao)期(qi)(qi)或達不到休藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不作(zuo)為(wei)食用(yong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉(rou)出售。驅(qu)蟲、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)浴管(guan)(guan)理(li):選擇高(gao)效、安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗寄生蟲藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)對萊(lai)州(zhou)煙(yan)(yan)臺(tai)(tai)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)行(xing)驅(qu)蟲、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)浴。滅鼠(shu)、滅蚊(wen)蠅:定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)點投入(ru)滅鼠(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),及時(shi)收集死(si)鼠(shu)及殘余鼠(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),并做(zuo)深埋處(chu)理(li)。消(xiao)(xiao)除水坑(keng)等(deng)蚊(wen)蠅孽(nie)生地,定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)噴灑消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。衛生消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du):選用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)劑(ji)符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)NY5148的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)舍周圍環(huan)境定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)用(yong)2%火(huo)(huo)堿或生石灰消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。每批豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出欄后(hou)(hou),均徹底清掃豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)舍,采(cai)用(yong)噴霧、火(huo)(huo)焰消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)對分娩欄、補料(liao)槽等(deng)用(yong)具進(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)帶豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)(du),減(jian)少(shao)環(huan)境中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)原微(wei)生物。疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病(bing)監測(ce):畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫部(bu)門(men)依照《動(dong)物防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)法》制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)監測(ce)方案,并組織實(shi)施。病(bing)死(si)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)處(chu)理(li):對可(ke)疑病(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)隔(ge)離(li)觀(guan)察(cha)、確診(zhen)。對有使(shi)用(yong)價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)應(ying)進(jin)行(xing)隔(ge)離(li)、治療(liao),徹底治愈(yu)后(hou)(hou),才能歸群。因傳(chuan)染病(bing)和(he)(he)其他(ta)需要處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),應(ying)在指定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)地點撲殺,尸(shi)體按(an)照GB16548進(jin)行(xing)無害化處(chu)理(li)。豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)場不得出售病(bing)病(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、死(si)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。
4、生產記錄(lu):做好生產全(quan)過程的(de)記錄(lu),包括:豬只標記和(he)譜系的(de)育種記錄(lu);發情、配種、妊娠(shen)、產仔的(de)繁育記錄(lu);主要生產性能及銷售記錄(lu);飼料、獸藥的(de)購銷、使用記錄(lu);免疫、消毒(du)記錄(lu);死淘記錄(lu)和(he)無(wu)害化處理(li)記錄(lu)等。記錄(lu)完整(zheng)、真實,所(suo)有記錄(lu)應保存(cun)兩年以上,重(zhong)大事件記錄(lu)永久保存(cun)。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
本部分內容主(zhu)要包(bao)括登記產品(pin)的分級(ji)(ji)、包(bao)裝、標(biao)識、貯藏、運輸(shu)等內容。 1、分級(ji)(ji):萊(lai)州煙臺(tai)黑(hei)豬鮮、凍胴體分為一級(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji)和三級(ji)(ji)。
2、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang):包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料應符(fu)合(he)GB11680和GB9687的(de)規定,包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)物使(shi)用無(wu)毒油墨(mo)印刷。標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用人在其(qi)產品或包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上統一使(shi)用農產品地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(“萊州煙臺黑豬”名稱和公共標(biao)識(shi)圖案組合(he)標(biao)注形式)。內外包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)應分別(bie)存放,不(bu)得受污染。
3、標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi):在每(mei)片萊州(zhou)煙臺(tai)黑(hei)豬胴(dong)體上加蓋檢驗驗訖(qi)印(yin)章和(he)等級(ji)印(yin)戳,字跡(ji)清晰(xi),印(yin)色(se)用食品(pin)(pin)級(ji)色(se)素(su)配(pei)制。銷售和(he)運(yun)輸包裝物應標(biao)(biao)(biao)注“萊州(zhou)煙臺(tai)黑(hei)豬”標(biao)(biao)(biao)志,并(bing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)(ming)稱、數(shu)量、產(chan)(chan)地、包裝日期、生產(chan)(chan)單位、保質期、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量、執行標(biao)(biao)(biao)準代(dai)號等級(ji)等內容。不符(fu)合本標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)(ming)稱不得(de)使用含有“萊州(zhou)煙臺(tai)黑(hei)豬”(包括連續或斷開)的(de)名(ming)(ming)稱。
4、貯存:冷卻豬肉吊掛在相對(dui)濕度(du)75-84%、溫(wen)度(du)0-1℃的(de)冷卻間,胴體之間的(de)距離保持3-5cm。冷凍(dong)豬肉應(ying)吊掛在相對(dui)濕度(du)95-100%、溫(wen)度(du)-18℃的(de)冷藏間。
5、運(yun)輸:公路(lu)、水(shui)路(lu)運(yun)輸使用(yong)符合(he)衛生(sheng)要求的(de)冷藏車(船)或保(bao)溫車,鐵(tie)路(lu)運(yun)輸按國(guo)家有關規(gui)定(ding)執行。