一.產品介紹
萊(lai)陽(yang)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)是(shi)萊(lai)陽(yang)市(shi)名優(you)特產之(zhi)一(yi)，1988年日本舉行的博覽會上被(bei)破格為優(you)質(zhi)產品展(zhan)出，1991年獲全國金獎(jiang)。萊(lai)陽(yang)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)種植在(zai)萊(lai)陽(yang)市(shi)19個鎮處，共784個行政村。萊(lai)陽(yang)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)的根為白(bai)(bai)色、肉質(zhi)纖維根，著生在(zai)母芋(yu)(yu)(yu)及子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)部(bu)節上。食(shi)用(yong)部(bu)分為地(di)下球莖，有圓(yuan)形、橢圓(yuan)形、卵圓(yuan)形等，味鮮美、皮(pi)薄(bo)，富含淀粉、蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)、脂(zhi)類、糖(tang)類和鈣、磷、鎂(mei)等。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)即可做菜，又可當(dang)糧食(shi)。因芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)淀粉顆(ke)粒小，含乳聚糖(tang)，質(zhi)地(di)軟滑，有健胃(wei)作(zuo)用(yong)，是(shi)嬰幼兒和老年人的佳品。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地貌(mao)情況(kuang)：萊陽芋頭種植區(qu)屬低山丘陵區(qu)，土(tu)(tu)壤沙(sha)質土(tu)(tu)壤，土(tu)(tu)層深厚，富含有(you)機(ji)質，心土(tu)(tu)通氣排水良好，土(tu)(tu)壤PH值在5.5－7之間(jian)，有(you)機(ji)含量在1%－1.8%之間(jian)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況：萊陽境(jing)內(nei)除(chu)西(xi)北部為大(da)沽(gu)河(he)支流(liu)，其(qi)余均(jun)屬五龍(long)(long)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)。北半(ban)部有(you)白龍(long)(long)河(he)、蜆河(he)、清水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)、富水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)、墨水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)五大(da)支流(liu)，匯合于(yu)五龍(long)(long)口，組成五龍(long)(long)河(he)，向南注(zhu)丁字(zi)灣入(ru)黃海，中下游有(you)嵯陽、玉帶、金水(shui)(shui)(shui)、賢友河(he)等支流(liu)，全(quan)長124公里，萊陽境(jing)內(nei)83公里。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質好，PH在(zai)7.9-8.2之間。市域內(nei)工業企業廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)均(jun)達標排放。
3、氣候情況(kuang)：萊陽市地(di)處北(bei)溫帶東亞季(ji)(ji)風(feng)區。大(da)陸度為64.3%，屬(shu)大(da)陸季(ji)(ji)風(feng)型半濕潤性(xing)氣候。具(ju)有(you)光(guang)照充足，四季(ji)(ji)分明，春季(ji)(ji)風(feng)多易(yi)旱(han)，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)炎(yan)熱多雨，秋季(ji)(ji)晝暖(nuan)夜涼，冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷干燥的特點。全市年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水量為800MM，年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫11.2°，年(nian)平(ping)均相對濕度73%，年(nian)平(ping)均日照時數為2996小時，全市平(ping)均無(wu)霜期173天。
4、人文歷史情況：萊陽芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)早在1687年(nian)康熙《萊陽縣(xian)志》就有記載(zai)，1913年(nian)“山東(dong)省(sheng)第一(yi)次物(wu)品展覽會”上(shang)(shang)確定萊陽芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)為(wei)特產參加(jia)(jia)(jia)展出(chu)；1935年(nian)《萊陽縣(xian)志》記載(zai)“芋(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)名蹲鴟，近年(nian)漸為(wei)出(chu)口大宗”，當時就大量(liang)出(chu)口日本及東(dong)南亞諸國。用芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工成的(de)(de)萊陽芋(yu)(yu)(yu)仔在1988年(nian)日本舉行的(de)(de)國際食(shi)品博覽會上(shang)(shang)被破格為(wei)優(you)質產品展出(chu)。1991年(nian)獲(huo)全(quan)國金獎。近幾年(nian)來，芋(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)的(de)(de)出(chu)口量(liang)逐年(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)，遠銷日本、新(xin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)坡、馬(ma)來西(xi)亞及歐美國家，受到(dao)國內外消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)歡(huan)迎。
三.地域范圍
山東(dong)(dong)省萊(lai)陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)，位于膠東(dong)(dong)半島腹地(di)，地(di)理坐(zuo)標為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經120°31′00″～120°59′12″，北(bei)緯36°34′10″～37°09′52″。東(dong)(dong)北(bei)與(yu)煙臺市(shi)(shi)(shi)接壤，西(xi)南(nan)與(yu)青(qing)島市(shi)(shi)(shi)毗(pi)鄰，南(nan)臨黃(huang)海(hai)。全市(shi)(shi)(shi)總面(mian)積1734平(ping)方公里，現轄14個鎮(zhen)、4個街道辦事(shi)處(chu)和1個經濟(ji)開發區。萊(lai)陽芋頭主要在市(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)部(bu)低山丘陵地(di)帶種植較(jiao)多，覆蓋(gai)萊(lai)陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)境內的團旺(wang)、姜疃、大夼(kuang)、萬等(deng)4個鄉鎮(zhen)。
四.產品品質特(te)(te)性(xing)特(te)(te)征
1、外(wai)(wai)在(zai)感官特(te)征：芋(yu)形正常、大小(xiao)均勻、表面清(qing)潔(jie)、無異味(wei)、腋(ye)芽(ya)未(wei)萌(meng)發、無明顯裂痕、無腐爛（種芋(yu)殘體(ti)除外(wai)(wai)）、無明顯機械傷、母芋(yu)上的子芋(yu)痕跡(ji)平整。
2、內在品質指標(biao)：芋肉(rou)糯甜，色白(bai)新鮮，蛋白(bai)質含(han)量(liang)1.75-2.30%、脂(zhi)類含(han)量(liang)0.47-0.68%、淀粉含(han)量(liang)69.6-73.7%、富含(han)鈣、磷、鎂(mei)、甾醇、維生素，粘(zhan)多糖、果膠質等。
3、安(an)全(quan)要求：按照NY5251-2004無公害食品芋(yu)頭執行。
五(wu).特(te)定生(sheng)產(chan)方式
1、產(chan)(chan)(chan)地選(xuan)擇與(yu)特殊內容規(gui)定：生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地無(wu)“三廢”污染，水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良好(hao)，空氣(qi)清新，土壤(rang)肥沃，光照充(chong)足，生物(wu)資(zi)源呈多樣性的，土壤(rang)pH值5.5-7.0、有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量1.0%-1.5%左右，土壤(rang)與(yu)灌溉用(yong)水(shui)、大(da)氣(qi)環境都符合無(wu)公害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地環境質(zhi)(zhi)量標準要求，非常適合萊陽(yang)芋頭種植生長。
2、品種(zhong)選擇與特定要(yao)求：萊陽芋頭(tou)的主(zhu)要(yao)品種(zhong)是孤芋和花(hua)芋，質白嫩，粘性強，食(shi)(shi)味好，芋母僅占單產的12%～15%。“科王1號”、“8520”是選育出的優(you)良(liang)品種(zhong)，除其具有食(shi)(shi)味好、營養價值高(gao)、豐產等特性外，其子芋、孫芋個(ge)大(da)、形圓，適合出口加工，是目前很受歡迎的優(you)良(liang)品種(zhong)。
3、生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)理，包括農業投(tou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)品方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規定：整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)秋后(hou)(hou)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。秋后(hou)(hou)對(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)冬耕，耕作(zuo)(zuo)深度在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30厘米以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)扶拖(tuo)拉機(ji)耕作(zuo)(zuo)，翻(fan)(fan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)量(liang)(liang)大(da)，耕作(zuo)(zuo)深，效(xiao)(xiao)果好。通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)冬耕可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫，疏松(song)(song)并加(jia)厚(hou)活土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層，有(you)利(li)于(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)活化。3月上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)結合(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)，按種(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，一(yi)(yi)般每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)優質(zhi)腐熟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)雜(za)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)5000千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，為(wei)(wei)增(zeng)強有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)效(xiao)(xiao)，提高(gao)芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料中(zhong)(zhong)摻入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)豆餅或(huo)(huo)(huo)煮熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)豆，如用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃(huang)豆，先將(jiang)黃(huang)豆在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡后(hou)(hou)煮熟，然后(hou)(hou)把它混合(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料中(zhong)(zhong)，拌勻(yun)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)起施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)。配合(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)雜(za)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，還應(ying)(ying)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)含(han)量(liang)(liang)各(ge)15%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三元復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料三要(yao)(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)需(xu)鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)最(zui)多，氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)次(ci)之，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)較少(shao)，一(yi)(yi)般情況下，氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例為(wei)(wei)2：1：2，把復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)均勻(yun)地(di)(di)(di)灑入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)，耕作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)翻(fan)(fan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)覆(fu)膜(mo)栽(zai)培前(qian)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)，把栽(zai)培地(di)(di)(di)耙平(ping)，整(zheng)(zheng)好待(dai)播(bo)(bo)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)：播(bo)(bo)前(qian)催(cui)芽(ya)(ya)，棚、炕藏芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)曬(shai)種(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)直接(jie)催(cui)芽(ya)(ya)；窖藏芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)做(zuo)種(zhong)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)曬(shai)種(zhong)4～5天以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)催(cui)芽(ya)(ya)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)溫度18～25℃，過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)氣生(sheng)根(gen)，排種(zhong)厚(hou)度以(yi)(yi)二層芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)厚(hou)，一(yi)(yi)般7～10天即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)芽(ya)(ya)，芽(ya)(ya)不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，以(yi)(yi)露出(chu)(chu)新芽(ya)(ya)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，下種(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)無芽(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)剔除(chu)。芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)無明顯生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)溫度適(shi)宜(yi)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)早(zao)栽(zai)延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)生(sheng)育期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)項重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)產(chan)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。當5cm地(di)(di)(di)溫穩定在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)11～12℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，即覆(fu)膜(mo)田4月10～20日(ri)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)，露地(di)(di)(di)栽(zai)培應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月1日(ri)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)下種(zhong)，密度要(yao)(yao)(yao)依品種(zhong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)而定，以(yi)(yi)每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)2500～3000株(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)，條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)稀一(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)，條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密一(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)80cm左右。田間(jian)(jian)管(guan)理：放(fang)(fang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋(gai)栽(zai)培播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)后(hou)(hou)30天后(hou)(hou)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，如不(bu)(bu)(bu)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，就會出(chu)(chu)現高(gao)溫灼傷，使(shi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)壞死。放(fang)(fang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)處將(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)撕開(kai)(kai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)小(xiao)口，把苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)引出(chu)(chu)來，然后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)圍用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)蓋(gai)嚴(yan)，壓住地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)，防(fang)(fang)止水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)散(san)失。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理。芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)喜(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)(zuo)物，耐濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)強，忌(ji)干旱，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)盛(sheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，需(xu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)大(da)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)；施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)5—6片(pian)(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)現，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)應(ying)(ying)施(shi)(shi)(shi)碳酸(suan)氫銨速(su)效(xiao)(xiao)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)40—50千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)鈣(gai)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)40—50千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)；長(chang)(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)8—10片(pian)(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)上(shang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)露出(chu)(chu)地(di)(di)(di)面，長(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)蘗芽(ya)(ya)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大(da)，應(ying)(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第二次(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)碳酸(suan)氫銨50—60千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)鈣(gai)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50—60千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料撒在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)壟間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)里，隨澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)；澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)，只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，有(you)利(li)于(yu)根(gen)和(he)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)會影響發芽(ya)(ya)，引起爛種(zhong)。5月底，進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)發棵期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，6月上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)至8月份，是(shi)(shi)(shi)結芋(yu)(yu)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)光熱充足，是(shi)(shi)(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旺(wang)盛(sheng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，需(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)大(da)，應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)始(shi)(shi)終在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)持(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)以(yi)(yi)70—75%為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。砂性(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，澆半(ban)溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)好，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能漫(man)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)毛(mao)芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)位置(zhi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)適(shi)合(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)早(zao)晚(wan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)注意小(xiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌注，防(fang)(fang)止大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)漫(man)灌。澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)還注意及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)松(song)(song)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，除(chu)去田間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)草，提高(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通透性(xing)(xing)；割(ge)(ge)芽(ya)(ya)。覆(fu)膜(mo)栽(zai)培法(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)培土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，但需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)割(ge)(ge)除(chu)蘗芽(ya)(ya)。當子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，會長(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)蘗芽(ya)(ya)，蘗芽(ya)(ya)分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)主莖(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)圍，象初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。對(dui)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)新長(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘗芽(ya)(ya)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)割(ge)(ge)掉。一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)等它長(chang)(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)兩葉(xie)(xie)(xie)一(yi)(yi)心時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)割(ge)(ge)除(chu)，如果割(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)早(zao)，割(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)完全(quan)，割(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)晚(wan)，就會消(xiao)耗(hao)養分(fen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)于(yu)芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)膨(peng)大(da)。病蟲(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：病害。芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)病害有(you)軟腐病、芋(yu)(yu)疫病、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)斑病等，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)病害主要(yao)(yao)(yao)危(wei)害葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)，使(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)出(chu)(chu)現黃(huang)褐(he)色或(huo)(huo)(huo)褐(he)色斑點(dian)(dian)，圓形，并逐漸向四周(zhou)擴展(zhan)形成病斑，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)輪紋上(shang)產(chan)生(sheng)白(bai)色稀薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霉狀(zhuang)物，嚴(yan)重時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)會危(wei)害葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄和(he)根(gen)部，使(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄變黃(huang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)凋萎，根(gen)和(he)球莖(jing)腐爛。對(dui)此(ci)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)取以(yi)(yi)下幾種(zhong)方法(fa)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)1-2年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輪作(zuo)(zuo)制，播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)前(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈霉素(su)(su)對(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)消(xiao)毒(du)。從無病田留種(zhong)，選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗耐病良種(zhong)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)衡施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技術(shu)，增(zeng)強植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)抗病力；第三種(zhong)方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：對(dui)病株(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)農用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈霉素(su)(su)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧，嚴(yan)重時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈霉素(su)(su)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)澆灌根(gen)部，及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)田間(jian)(jian)病殘體，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)70%代森錳鋅可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)600—800倍(bei)液(ye)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)60%多菌(jun)靈可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)800-1000倍(bei)液(ye)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧，每(mei)7—10天噴(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)，共噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)2—3次(ci)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達到(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)果。 蟲(chong)害。芋(yu)(yu)頭(tou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內，蟲(chong)害發生(sheng)率較低，所發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)害主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)芋(yu)(yu)螨、紅蜘蛛等。如發生(sheng)蟲(chong)害，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)、低毒(du)、低殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)，如阿維(wei)菌(jun)素(su)(su)、阿維(wei)白(bai)螨銳(rui)等較為(wei)(wei)安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至2—3個(ge)月時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)純品阿維(wei)菌(jun)素(su)(su)8000—9000倍(bei)液(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧1—2次(ci)，每(mei)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)20—30天，或(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)45%阿維(wei)白(bai)螨銳(rui)3000—4000倍(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧，每(mei)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)15—20天，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)藥(yao)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)數全(quan)年(nian)限(xian)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2-3次(ci)以(yi)(yi)內，而且最(zui)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)7月中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)障用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)到(dao)(dao)收獲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)15天以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，以(yi)(yi)確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)達到(dao)(dao)無公害蔬(shu)菜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)。
4、產品收獲后(hou)處(chu)理的規定：收獲應在(zai)晴天(tian)，先將(jiang)莖葉在(zai)基部(bu)7—10厘米處(chu)割(ge)去，然后(hou)用镢頭(tou)沿壟底將(jiang)植(zhi)株周圍(wei)刨松動，慢慢將(jiang)整(zheng)株的芋頭(tou)從土中(zhong)全部(bu)挖起(qi)。整(zheng)株的芋頭(tou)挖出后(hou)，除去泥(ni)土，一個(ge)個(ge)將(jiang)其掰下(xia)，稍(shao)稍(shao)晾(liang)干(gan)表面(mian)水分，裝入袋內和筐內。
5、生產(chan)記錄要求：萊(lai)陽(yang)芋頭收購單位應(ying)建(jian)立健全(quan)進(jin)貨(huo)、質量分(fen)級、產(chan)品質量檢測、生產(chan)加工、銷(xiao)售等生產(chan)記錄。記錄應(ying)長期保存(cun)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
1、包裝(zhuang)：按(an)NY/T658-2002標準執(zhi)行。
2、標(biao)識：標(biao)志(zhi)使用人應在其(qi)產品或其(qi)包(bao)裝上統一(yi)使用農(nong)產品地理標(biao)志(zhi)（萊陽芋頭名稱(cheng)和公共標(biao)識圖(tu)案組(zu)合標(biao)注型式(shi)）。
3、貯(zhu)存：將芋頭清除泥土，摘去根須，晾曬1～2天(tian)，然后裝入(ru)紙箱或塑料(liao)周(zhou)轉(zhuan)箱內，放置在(zai)通風良好的室(shi)內或庫房(fang)內貯(zhu)藏。貯(zhu)藏溫度(du)為13-15℃、相對濕度(du)為80％-85％。
4、運(yun)輸(shu)：運(yun)輸(shu)工具(ju)清(qing)潔衛生(sheng)、無(wu)異味。不與有毒(du)有害物品(pin)混運(yun)，裝卸時(shi)輕拿輕放。待(dai)運(yun)時(shi)，應批(pi)次分明、堆碼(ma)整齊、環境清(qing)潔、通風良好。嚴禁烈日(ri)曝雨(yu)、雨(yu)淋(lin)。注意防(fang)凍、防(fang)熱，縮(suo)短(duan)待(dai)運(yun)時(shi)間(jian)。
斌斌有禮 
