一.產品介紹
萊陽(yang)芋(yu)頭是萊陽(yang)市名優特產之一，1988年(nian)日本舉行的(de)博覽(lan)會上被破格為優質(zhi)產品展出，1991年(nian)獲全國金獎。萊陽(yang)芋(yu)頭種(zhong)植在萊陽(yang)市19個(ge)鎮處，共(gong)784個(ge)行政(zheng)村。萊陽(yang)芋(yu)頭的(de)根為白(bai)色、肉質(zhi)纖維根，著生(sheng)在母芋(yu)及子芋(yu)一部節(jie)上。食用部分為地下球莖，有圓形(xing)、橢圓形(xing)、卵圓形(xing)等，味鮮美、皮薄(bo)，富含淀粉、蛋白(bai)質(zhi)、脂類、糖類和鈣、磷(lin)、鎂等。芋(yu)頭即可做菜，又(you)可當(dang)糧食。因芋(yu)頭淀粉顆粒小，含乳聚糖，質(zhi)地軟滑，有健胃(wei)作用，是嬰幼兒和老年(nian)人的(de)佳(jia)品。
二.自然生態環(huan)境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土壤(rang)地貌情況：萊(lai)陽芋(yu)頭種(zhong)植區屬低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區，土壤(rang)沙(sha)質土壤(rang)，土層深厚，富含有(you)(you)機(ji)質，心土通氣排水良(liang)好，土壤(rang)PH值在(zai)5.5－7之間，有(you)(you)機(ji)含量在(zai)1%－1.8%之間。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況：萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)境內(nei)除(chu)西北部(bu)為大沽河(he)(he)支流(liu)(liu)，其余(yu)均屬五(wu)龍(long)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)系。北半(ban)部(bu)有白(bai)龍(long)河(he)(he)、蜆(xian)河(he)(he)、清水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)、富水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)、墨(mo)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)五(wu)大支流(liu)(liu)，匯合于五(wu)龍(long)口，組成五(wu)龍(long)河(he)(he)，向南注丁字灣入黃海，中下游(you)有嵯陽(yang)、玉帶、金水(shui)(shui)、賢友河(he)(he)等支流(liu)(liu)，全長124公(gong)里，萊(lai)(lai)陽(yang)境內(nei)83公(gong)里。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好，PH在7.9-8.2之(zhi)間。市域內(nei)工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)均達標排放。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況：萊陽市地處北(bei)溫(wen)帶(dai)東(dong)亞季(ji)(ji)(ji)風區。大陸(lu)度(du)為64.3%，屬大陸(lu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風型(xing)半濕潤性氣(qi)候(hou)。具有光照充足，四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明(ming)，春季(ji)(ji)(ji)風多易旱，夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)炎熱(re)多雨(yu)，秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)晝暖夜涼，冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷干燥的特點。全(quan)市年平(ping)均降水量為800MM，年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)11.2°，年平(ping)均相對濕度(du)73%，年平(ping)均日照時(shi)數為2996小(xiao)時(shi)，全(quan)市平(ping)均無霜期(qi)173天。
4、人文歷(li)史情況：萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽芋(yu)頭早在1687年(nian)(nian)(nian)康熙《萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽縣(xian)志(zhi)》就有記載，1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)“山東(dong)省第一(yi)次物品(pin)(pin)展(zhan)覽會(hui)”上(shang)確定萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽芋(yu)頭為特產參(can)加(jia)(jia)展(zhan)出；1935年(nian)(nian)(nian)《萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽縣(xian)志(zhi)》記載“芋(yu)一(yi)名(ming)蹲鴟，近年(nian)(nian)(nian)漸為出口(kou)(kou)大宗”，當時就大量(liang)出口(kou)(kou)日本及(ji)東(dong)南亞諸國(guo)。用(yong)芋(yu)頭加(jia)(jia)工成的(de)萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽芋(yu)仔在1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)日本舉行(xing)的(de)國(guo)際食品(pin)(pin)博覽會(hui)上(shang)被破格為優質產品(pin)(pin)展(zhan)出。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲(huo)全國(guo)金獎(jiang)。近幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，芋(yu)頭的(de)出口(kou)(kou)量(liang)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)增加(jia)(jia)，遠銷日本、新(xin)加(jia)(jia)坡、馬(ma)來(lai)西(xi)亞及(ji)歐(ou)美國(guo)家，受(shou)到國(guo)內外消費(fei)者的(de)歡迎。
三.地域范圍
山(shan)東省萊陽市(shi)(shi)，位于膠東半島腹地(di)(di)，地(di)(di)理坐標為東經120°31′00″～120°59′12″，北緯36°34′10″～37°09′52″。東北與煙臺市(shi)(shi)接壤，西(xi)南(nan)(nan)與青島市(shi)(shi)毗(pi)鄰，南(nan)(nan)臨黃(huang)海(hai)。全市(shi)(shi)總(zong)面積1734平方(fang)公里，現轄14個鎮、4個街(jie)道(dao)辦事處(chu)和1個經濟開發區。萊陽芋頭主要在市(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)低山(shan)丘陵(ling)地(di)(di)帶(dai)種植較多(duo)，覆蓋萊陽市(shi)(shi)境內的團旺、姜疃、大夼、萬等(deng)4個鄉鎮。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)
1、外在感官特征：芋(yu)形正常、大小均(jun)勻、表面清潔、無(wu)異味、腋芽未萌發、無(wu)明(ming)顯裂痕(hen)、無(wu)腐(fu)爛（種(zhong)芋(yu)殘體(ti)除外）、無(wu)明(ming)顯機(ji)械傷、母芋(yu)上的子(zi)芋(yu)痕(hen)跡(ji)平整。
2、內(nei)在品(pin)質指標：芋(yu)肉糯甜，色(se)白新鮮，蛋白質含量1.75-2.30%、脂類(lei)含量0.47-0.68%、淀粉含量69.6-73.7%、富含鈣、磷(lin)、鎂(mei)、甾醇、維生素，粘多糖、果(guo)膠質等。
3、安全要求：按(an)照NY5251-2004無公害食品芋頭執(zhi)行。
五(wu).特定生產方式(shi)
1、產(chan)(chan)地選擇與特殊內容規定(ding)：生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地無“三廢”污染，水質良好，空氣清新，土(tu)壤肥沃，光照充足，生(sheng)物資源(yuan)呈多樣(yang)性的，土(tu)壤pH值(zhi)5.5-7.0、有機質含量1.0%-1.5%左(zuo)右，土(tu)壤與灌溉用水、大氣環(huan)境(jing)都符(fu)合無公害農產(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地環(huan)境(jing)質量標準(zhun)要求，非常適合萊(lai)陽(yang)芋頭種植生(sheng)長(chang)。
2、品(pin)種選擇與(yu)特定要求：萊陽芋(yu)頭的(de)主(zhu)要品(pin)種是(shi)(shi)孤芋(yu)和花(hua)芋(yu)，質白(bai)嫩(nen)，粘(zhan)性(xing)強，食味好，芋(yu)母僅占單產的(de)12%～15%。“科王(wang)1號”、“8520”是(shi)(shi)選育(yu)出的(de)優(you)良品(pin)種，除其具有食味好、營養(yang)價(jia)值高、豐(feng)產等特性(xing)外，其子芋(yu)、孫芋(yu)個(ge)大、形圓，適合出口(kou)加工，是(shi)(shi)目(mu)前很受歡迎的(de)優(you)良品(pin)種。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程管(guan)理(li)，包括農(nong)業投入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)品(pin)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)：整(zheng)地(di)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：整(zheng)地(di)在(zai)(zai)秋后(hou)即(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。秋后(hou)對土(tu)地(di)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)冬(dong)耕(geng)，耕(geng)作深(shen)度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)30厘米以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，有(you)(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手扶拖拉機(ji)耕(geng)作，翻土(tu)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)，耕(geng)作深(shen)，效(xiao)(xiao)果好。通過(guo)(guo)(guo)冬(dong)耕(geng)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)高地(di)溫(wen)，疏松并(bing)加(jia)厚活土(tu)層，有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)活化。3月(yue)上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)結合(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)地(di)，按(an)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優(you)質腐(fu)熟土(tu)雜(za)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)5000千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，為增強有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)效(xiao)(xiao)，提(ti)高芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)摻入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)豆餅或(huo)(huo)煮熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃豆，如用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃豆，先將黃豆在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸泡后(hou)煮熟，然后(hou)把它混合(he)(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，拌勻后(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。配合(he)(he)(he)土(tu)雜(za)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，還(huan)應(ying)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)含量(liang)各15%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三元復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，在(zai)(zai)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)三要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)(su)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)需鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)最多(duo)，氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之，磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)較少，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)情況下(xia)，氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比例為2：1：2，把復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)均勻地(di)灑入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，耕(geng)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)翻土(tu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)。在(zai)(zai)覆膜(mo)栽培前(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)性(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)，把栽培地(di)耙(pa)平，整(zheng)好待播(bo)(bo)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)：播(bo)(bo)前(qian)催芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，棚、炕藏芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)不用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)曬種(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直接催芽(ya)(ya)(ya)；窖藏芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)做種(zhong)(zhong)，必(bi)須曬種(zhong)(zhong)4～5天(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)催芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)持溫(wen)度(du)(du)18～25℃，過(guo)(guo)(guo)高易產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)根，排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)厚度(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二層芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)為宜(yi)(yi)，不宜(yi)(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)厚，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)7～10天(tian)即(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，芽(ya)(ya)(ya)不宜(yi)(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)長(chang)(chang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)露出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)新(xin)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)即(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)，下(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將無(wu)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)剔除(chu)(chu)。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)無(wu)明顯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，只要(yao)(yao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)適宜(yi)(yi)即(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)早栽延長(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增產(chan)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。當5cm地(di)溫(wen)穩定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)11～12℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，即(ji)(ji)覆膜(mo)田(tian)(tian)4月(yue)10～20日(ri)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)，露地(di)栽培應(ying)在(zai)(zai)5月(yue)1日(ri)前(qian)后(hou)下(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)，密度(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)依品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)條(tiao)件(jian)而定(ding)(ding)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝2500～3000株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為宜(yi)(yi)，條(tiao)件(jian)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)稀(xi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)，條(tiao)件(jian)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)，要(yao)(yao)求行(xing)(xing)距一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)80cm左右。田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)：放苗。地(di)膜(mo)覆蓋栽培播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)30天(tian)后(hou)開(kai)始出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)苗。出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)苗后(hou)應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)放苗，如不及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)放苗，就會(hui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現高溫(wen)灼傷，使(shi)苗壞死。放苗方(fang)法是(shi)在(zai)(zai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)苗處(chu)將地(di)膜(mo)撕(si)開(kai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個小口(kou)，把苗引出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)來，然后(hou)在(zai)(zai)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)圍用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)土(tu)蓋嚴，壓住(zhu)地(di)膜(mo)，防(fang)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)散失。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)是(shi)喜水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作物，耐濕(shi)性(xing)強，忌干旱(han)，在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)，尤其是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，需肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)，必(bi)須適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)5—6片(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，子(zi)(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)開(kai)始出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝應(ying)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)碳(tan)酸氫(qing)銨速效(xiao)(xiao)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)40—50千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，鉀(jia)鈣復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)40—50千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)子(zi)(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)；長(chang)(chang)到(dao)8—10片(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，子(zi)(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)露出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)地(di)面(mian)，長(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)蘗芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)開(kai)始膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)，應(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)碳(tan)酸氫(qing)銨50—60千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，鉀(jia)鈣復合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50—60千(qian)克(ke)(ke)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)撒在(zai)(zai)壟(long)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)里，隨澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)；澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。在(zai)(zai)幼苗期(qi)(qi)(qi)，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)不宜(yi)(yi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高，只要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持濕(shi)潤即(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)，有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)根和幼苗生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)影響(xiang)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，引起爛種(zhong)(zhong)。5月(yue)底，進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)發(fa)棵期(qi)(qi)(qi)，6月(yue)上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)至8月(yue)份，是(shi)結芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)(zhe)個期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)光熱(re)充(chong)足，是(shi)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旺盛時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，需水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)，應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)持土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)始終在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)潤狀態，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)持水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)70—75%為宜(yi)(yi)。砂性(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，澆(jiao)(jiao)半溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為好，不能(neng)漫過(guo)(guo)(guo)毛芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)位置以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)適合(he)(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)早晚(wan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)小水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌注(zhu)，防(fang)止(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漫灌。澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)還(huan)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)松土(tu)，除(chu)(chu)去田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)草，提(ti)高土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通透(tou)性(xing)；割(ge)(ge)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。覆膜(mo)栽培法不用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)培土(tu)，但需要(yao)(yao)割(ge)(ge)除(chu)(chu)蘗芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。當子(zi)(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)開(kai)始膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，會(hui)長(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)蘗芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，蘗芽(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)布在(zai)(zai)主莖(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)圍，象初期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)苗。對這(zhe)(zhe)些新(xin)長(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘗芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，要(yao)(yao)適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)割(ge)(ge)掉。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)是(shi)等(deng)它長(chang)(chang)到(dao)兩葉(xie)(xie)(xie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)心時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)割(ge)(ge)除(chu)(chu)，如果割(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太早，割(ge)(ge)不完全(quan)(quan)，割(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太晚(wan)，就會(hui)消耗養分(fen)(fen)，不利(li)于(yu)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)有(you)(you)軟腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)，這(zhe)(zhe)些病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)主要(yao)(yao)危害(hai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)，使(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現黃褐色或(huo)(huo)褐色斑點(dian)，圓形，并(bing)逐漸向四周(zhou)擴展形成病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)斑，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)輪紋上(shang)(shang)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)白色稀(xi)薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霉狀物，嚴重時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)會(hui)危害(hai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄和根部(bu)，使(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄變黃或(huo)(huo)凋萎，根和球莖(jing)腐(fu)爛。對此可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)采取以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):實行(xing)(xing)1-2年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輪作制，播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈(lian)霉素(su)(su)(su)對土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)消毒。從無(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)田(tian)(tian)留種(zhong)(zhong)，選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)耐病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)良種(zhong)(zhong)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡(heng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技術，增強植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)力；第三種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法是(shi)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：對病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈(lian)霉素(su)(su)(su)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)，嚴重時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鏈(lian)霉素(su)(su)(su)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)澆(jiao)(jiao)灌根部(bu)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)(chu)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)殘(can)體，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)70%代森錳鋅(xin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)600—800倍(bei)液，或(huo)(huo)60%多(duo)菌(jun)靈可(ke)(ke)(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)粉劑(ji)(ji)800-1000倍(bei)液，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)7—10天(tian)噴(pen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，共噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2—3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)即(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)達到(dao)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)果。 蟲(chong)害(hai)。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)內，蟲(chong)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)率較低(di)，所發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)害(hai)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)螨、紅蜘蛛等(deng)。如發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蟲(chong)害(hai)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高效(xiao)(xiao)、低(di)毒、低(di)殘(can)留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，如阿(a)(a)維(wei)菌(jun)素(su)(su)(su)、阿(a)(a)維(wei)白螨銳等(deng)較為安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)。在(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)長(chang)(chang)至2—3個月(yue)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)純品(pin)阿(a)(a)維(wei)菌(jun)素(su)(su)(su)8000—9000倍(bei)液進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)1—2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)20—30天(tian)，或(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)45%阿(a)(a)維(wei)白螨銳3000—4000倍(bei)液噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)15—20天(tian)，這(zhe)(zhe)些藥(yao)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)數全(quan)(quan)年(nian)限制在(zai)(zai)2-3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)內，而且最后(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)必(bi)須在(zai)(zai)7月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)障用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)到(dao)收獲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)15天(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)確保(bao)(bao)(bao)達到(dao)無(wu)公害(hai)蔬(shu)菜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準。
4、產品(pin)收獲(huo)后(hou)(hou)處理的(de)規定：收獲(huo)應(ying)在(zai)晴(qing)天(tian)，先(xian)將莖葉在(zai)基(ji)部7—10厘(li)米處割去，然后(hou)(hou)用镢頭沿壟底將植株周(zhou)圍刨松動，慢慢將整株的(de)芋(yu)頭從土中全部挖起。整株的(de)芋(yu)頭挖出后(hou)(hou)，除去泥土，一個個將其(qi)掰(bai)下，稍(shao)稍(shao)晾干表面水分，裝入袋(dai)內(nei)(nei)和筐內(nei)(nei)。
5、生產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要求：萊陽芋頭收(shou)購(gou)單位應建立(li)健全(quan)進貨、質(zhi)量(liang)分級、產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)檢測、生產(chan)加工、銷售等生產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)。記(ji)錄(lu)應長期保存。
六.包(bao)裝標識相關規定
1、包裝：按(an)NY/T658-2002標準(zhun)執行。
2、標(biao)(biao)識：標(biao)(biao)志使用人應在其(qi)產品或其(qi)包(bao)裝上統一使用農產品地理標(biao)(biao)志（萊陽芋(yu)頭(tou)名稱和(he)公共標(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)注型(xing)式）。
3、貯存：將(jiang)芋(yu)頭清除泥(ni)土，摘(zhai)去根(gen)須，晾曬1～2天，然后裝入紙(zhi)箱或塑料(liao)周轉箱內(nei)，放(fang)置在通風良好(hao)的室內(nei)或庫房內(nei)貯藏。貯藏溫(wen)度為13-15℃、相對濕度為80％-85％。
4、運(yun)輸(shu)：運(yun)輸(shu)工具清潔衛生、無異味(wei)。不(bu)與有(you)毒有(you)害物(wu)品混運(yun)，裝卸時(shi)(shi)輕拿輕放。待運(yun)時(shi)(shi)，應批(pi)次(ci)分明、堆碼整(zheng)齊、環境清潔、通風良好(hao)。嚴禁(jin)烈(lie)日曝(pu)雨、雨淋。注意防(fang)凍、防(fang)熱(re)，縮短(duan)待運(yun)時(shi)(shi)間。
斌斌有禮 
