一.產品介紹
冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)已有(you)1000多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)栽培(pei)歷史(shi),產地環境優越,栽培(pei)歷史(shi)悠久(jiu),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)端(duan)正(zheng)(zheng),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)潔(jie)凈光滑,鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)因果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗基部膨大,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗與果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩結(jie)合(he)部似鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭狀(zhuang)而(er)得名(ming)。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)“縣(xian)(xian)(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,以(yi)皮薄、質細(xi)、肉(rou)(rou)(rou)嫩、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)潔(jie)凈光滑、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)端(duan)正(zheng)(zheng)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)色金黃、清(qing)香多(duo)汁(zhi)、酸(suan)(suan)甜可口(kou)、核小肉(rou)(rou)(rou)白(bai)、耐(nai)貯而(er)馳名(ming)中外,1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)被評為(wei)(wei)國家優質品(pin)獎,1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)被評為(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省優質鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li),暢銷日(ri)本、新加坡等國家和京、津(jin)(jin)、滬等地,2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)通過(guo)了農業(ye)部農產品(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi)登記,深受國內外消費(fei)者歡迎。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)刀切汁(zhi)液即滴,食后清(qing)香滿口(kou),是(shi)抑膩(ni)醒酒(jiu)佳(jia)品(pin)。可生(sheng)食,也可加工罐頭和釀制飲料及調料。鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)還有(you)生(sheng)津(jin)(jin)、潤燥、清(qing)熱、化(hua)痰等藥物(wu)功能,經(jing)常食用,可清(qing)胃敗火,利(li)脾潤肝。對傷津(jin)(jin)煩渴、肺(fei)熱咳嗽、目(mu)赤(chi)喉腫、腸干(gan)便秘(mi)等癥療效更為(wei)(wei)顯著(zhu)。?冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)粗頸葫蘆形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗粗短,萼片宿(su)存,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)凹凸不平(ping)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮自幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期即為(wei)(wei)褐紅色,成熟時(shi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)大部著(zhu)褐紅色,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點小而(er)密,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)白(bai)色,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)色鮮肉(rou)(rou)(rou)嫩,一般(ban)單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重180g至280g,平(ping)均單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重208克。富含(han)多(duo)種維生(sheng)素(su)、有(you)機(ji)酸(suan)(suan)、鋅(xin)、鐵等多(duo)種營(ying)養(yang)物(wu)質;經(jing)檢測(ce)機(ji)構測(ce)定:維生(sheng)素(su)C≥3.5mg/100g、總酸(suan)(suan)≥0.1%、可溶性固(gu)形(xing)物(wu)≥12.0%、鋅(xin)≥0.15mg/kg、鐵≥0.1mg/100g。采后10天(tian)左右果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)變軟,易溶于口(kou),味濃甜,品(pin)質上乘。山(shan)東(dong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地區8月(yue)下旬成熟。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)申請地理標(biao)志(zhi)地域(yu)保(bao)護范圍地理坐標(biao)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經(jing)115°31′~115°39′,北緯36°33′~36°37′,地域(yu)保(bao)護總面(mian)積7003公頃。2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)初(chu)統計,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)北部黃河故道邊萬(wan)畝梨(li)(li)園(yuan)里樹(shu)(shu)齡(ling)上百年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)梨(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)超過(guo)12700棵,其中1669年(nian)(nian)(nian)(清(qing)康熙8年(nian)(nian)(nian))王氏栽植的(de)(de)(de)一棵鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu),生(sheng)長于蘭沃鄉韓路村,已有(you)330年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi),樹(shu)(shu)高8米(mi),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)幅19米(mi),干(gan)周3.6米(mi),仍枝繁(fan)葉茂(mao),年(nian)(nian)(nian)產鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)2000余公斤,被稱為(wei)(wei)“梨(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)王”。
二.自然生態環境
1、土(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:冠(guan)縣(xian)境內地勢高(gao)亢平坦,略有(you)起伏。因歷史上黃河(he)頻繁泛濫沉(chen)積,形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)(le)山(shan)崗(gang)坡洼(wa)相(xiang)間(jian)的(de)(de)微地貌。土(tu)壤(rang)類型有(you)潮(chao)土(tu)、鹽(yan)土(tu)、風沙土(tu),以潮(chao)土(tu)為主,占土(tu)地面積的(de)(de)94.1%。縣(xian)境土(tu)壤(rang)分(fen)布特點為東(dong)稍堿、中壤(rang)、西偏沙。冠(guan)縣(xian)鴨梨樹(shu)(shu)主要分(fen)布在砂(sha)或(huo)砂(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)上,PH值為7.0-7.5;土(tu)質疏松,通透性(xing)強(qiang),對(dui)光有(you)反射作用,增強(qiang)了(le)(le)樹(shu)(shu)體對(dui)光的(de)(de)利用率(lv)和(he)碳(tan)水化(hua)合物的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng),宜于冠(guan)縣(xian)鴨梨生長。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:冠縣境(jing)(jing)內東(dong)部有(you)(you)京杭運河、馬頰河,西部有(you)(you)漳衛河。黃河故(gu)道自斜店鄉南(nan)滿(man)菜入境(jing)(jing),境(jing)(jing)內為西南(nan)東(dong)北(bei)走向(xiang),至清水(shui)(shui)鎮柳行頭出境(jing)(jing)。水(shui)(shui)資源豐富(fu),具備了良好的(de)水(shui)(shui)澆條件(jian),含水(shui)(shui)土體深(shen)厚,孔(kong)隙度高,造成了良好的(de)儲水(shui)(shui)條件(jian)。
3、氣候(hou)情況:冠縣(xian)屬溫(wen)帶季風(feng)區大(da)陸性氣候(hou),春夏秋冬四(si)季分(fen)明。年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)13.1℃,年(nian)均(jun)氣溫(wen)時數為2630小時,無(wu)霜期(qi)198天,年(nian)均(jun)降水量(liang)592毫(hao)米(mi),年(nian)均(jun)大(da)于10℃的(de)(de)有效積溫(wen)4500℃。9月(yue)份的(de)(de)晝夜溫(wen)差達10℃。充(chong)足的(de)(de)光照,較大(da)的(de)(de)溫(wen)差是形成冠縣(xian)鴨梨含糖量(liang)高的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)因素。
三.地域范圍
冠(guan)縣鴨梨產(chan)于聊城市冠(guan)縣行政(zheng)所轄區域內(nei),覆蓋冠(guan)縣境內(nei)蘭(lan)(lan)沃鄉(xiang)(xiang)、清(qing)水鎮、甘官(guan)屯(tun)(tun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、辛集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)4個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮,共(gong)52個(ge)行政(zheng)村(cun)。西至(zhi)蘭(lan)(lan)沃鄉(xiang)(xiang)曲屯(tun)(tun)村(cun),東至(zhi)辛集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)劉八寨村(cun),北至(zhi)清(qing)水鎮劉屯(tun)(tun)村(cun),南至(zhi)蘭(lan)(lan)沃鄉(xiang)(xiang)大曲村(cun)。地(di)理坐標為:東經(jing)115°31′~115°39′,北緯36°33′~36°37′,海拔(ba)為29.5-35米之(zhi)間。地(di)域保護總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)7003公頃,年總(zong)(zong)產(chan)量31萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外(wai)觀特征:冠縣(xian)鴨梨(li)果(guo)實外(wai)觀金黃色(se)(套袋栽培(pei)呈乳白色(se)),皮薄肉脆汁多,石細胞少,脆甜可口,汁多,個大核小,有(you)香(xiang)氣(qi),食后清爽。果(guo)面潔凈(jing)光滑,果(guo)形端正,鴨梨(li)因果(guo)梗(geng)基部膨大,果(guo)梗(geng)與果(guo)肩結合部似鴨頭狀而(er)得名。
2、內在特征(zheng):冠(guan)縣鴨梨果(guo)實色鮮肉(rou)嫩質細且脆(cui),一(yi)般單果(guo)重180g至280g,富含多種維生素、有(you)機酸(suan)、鋅(xin)、鐵等多種營養物(wu)質,可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物(wu)≥12.0%、可(ke)滴(di)定酸(suan)≥0.2%、維生素C≥8mg/100g。
3、安全(quan)要求:冠縣鴨梨嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)NY/T 844-2010標準執行(xing)。