一.產品介紹
冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)已有1000多(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)栽培(pei)歷史(shi),產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)優(you)越,栽培(pei)歷史(shi)悠久,果(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)端(duan)正,果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)潔(jie)凈(jing)光(guang)滑(hua),鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)因(yin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梗基部膨大,果(guo)(guo)(guo)梗與果(guo)(guo)(guo)肩(jian)結合(he)部似鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭狀而得名。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)為冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)的(de)“縣(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)”,以皮薄(bo)、質細(xi)、肉(rou)嫩、果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)潔(jie)凈(jing)光(guang)滑(hua)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)端(duan)正、果(guo)(guo)(guo)色(se)金(jin)黃(huang)、清(qing)(qing)香(xiang)(xiang)多(duo)汁(zhi)、酸甜(tian)可口(kou)、核小(xiao)肉(rou)白、耐貯而馳(chi)名中外,1988年(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)評為國家(jia)優(you)質品獎,1990年(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)評為山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)優(you)質鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li),暢(chang)銷日本、新加坡等(deng)國家(jia)和(he)京(jing)、津、滬(hu)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di),2014年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)通過(guo)了農業部農產(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)志登記,深受(shou)國內外消費者歡(huan)迎。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)刀切汁(zhi)液即滴,食(shi)后(hou)清(qing)(qing)香(xiang)(xiang)滿口(kou),是抑(yi)膩醒酒佳品。可生(sheng)食(shi),也(ye)可加工罐頭和(he)釀制飲料及調料。鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)還有生(sheng)津、潤(run)燥(zao)、清(qing)(qing)熱(re)、化(hua)痰等(deng)藥物功能(neng),經常食(shi)用,可清(qing)(qing)胃敗火(huo),利脾潤(run)肝。對傷津煩(fan)渴(ke)、肺熱(re)咳嗽、目赤(chi)喉(hou)腫、腸干便秘等(deng)癥療效更(geng)為顯著(zhu)。?冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)粗(cu)頸葫蘆(lu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)梗粗(cu)短(duan),萼片宿存,果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)凹凸不(bu)平。果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮自幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)即為褐(he)紅色(se),成(cheng)熟時果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)大部著(zhu)褐(he)紅色(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)點小(xiao)而密,果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白色(se),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)色(se)鮮肉(rou)嫩,一般單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)180g至280g,平均(jun)單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)208克。富含多(duo)種維生(sheng)素、有機酸、鋅(xin)、鐵等(deng)多(duo)種營養物質;經檢測機構測定:維生(sheng)素C≥3.5mg/100g、總酸≥0.1%、可溶性固形(xing)(xing)(xing)物≥12.0%、鋅(xin)≥0.15mg/kg、鐵≥0.1mg/100g。采(cai)后(hou)10天左右果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)變軟,易溶于(yu)口(kou),味濃甜(tian),品質上乘(cheng)。山(shan)東(dong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)區8月(yue)下旬成(cheng)熟。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)地(di)(di)(di)理標(biao)志地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范圍地(di)(di)(di)理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經115°31′~115°39′,北緯36°33′~36°37′,地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)保護(hu)總面(mian)積7003公頃(qing)。2013年(nian)(nian)初統計,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)東(dong)北部黃(huang)河故道邊萬畝(mu)梨(li)(li)(li)園里樹(shu)齡(ling)上百年(nian)(nian)的(de)梨(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)超過(guo)12700棵,其(qi)中1669年(nian)(nian)(清(qing)(qing)康熙8年(nian)(nian))王氏栽植的(de)一棵鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)樹(shu),生(sheng)長于(yu)蘭沃鄉(xiang)韓(han)路(lu)村,已有330年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史(shi),樹(shu)高(gao)8米(mi),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)幅19米(mi),干周3.6米(mi),仍枝繁葉茂,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)2000余公斤,被(bei)(bei)稱為“梨(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)王”。
二.自然生態環境
1、土壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:冠(guan)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)地(di)(di)勢高亢平坦,略有(you)起伏。因歷史上(shang)黃河頻繁(fan)泛濫沉(chen)積(ji),形成(cheng)了山崗(gang)坡洼相間的微(wei)地(di)(di)貌。土壤(rang)類型有(you)潮土、鹽土、風沙土,以潮土為主,占土地(di)(di)面積(ji)的94.1%。縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)土壤(rang)分布(bu)特點為東稍堿、中(zhong)壤(rang)、西偏沙。冠(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨梨樹(shu)主要分布(bu)在砂或砂壤(rang)土上(shang),PH值(zhi)為7.0-7.5;土質疏松(song),通透性強(qiang),對光(guang)有(you)反(fan)射(she)作用,增強(qiang)了樹(shu)體對光(guang)的利用率和碳水化合物的形成(cheng),宜于冠(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨梨生(sheng)長。
2、水文情況:冠(guan)縣(xian)境內東部有京杭(hang)運河、馬頰河,西部有漳衛河。黃(huang)河故(gu)道自(zi)斜店鄉南滿菜入境,境內為西南東北走(zou)向(xiang),至清水鎮柳行(xing)頭(tou)出境。水資(zi)源豐富(fu),具備(bei)了良(liang)好的水澆條件,含水土體(ti)深(shen)厚,孔隙度(du)高,造成了良(liang)好的儲水條件。
3、氣候(hou)情況:冠縣屬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶季風區大陸性氣候(hou),春(chun)夏秋冬四(si)季分明。年平均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)13.1℃,年均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)數為2630小時(shi),無霜(shuang)期198天,年均降水量592毫米,年均大于10℃的(de)有(you)效積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4500℃。9月(yue)份的(de)晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差達(da)10℃。充足的(de)光照,較大的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差是形成冠縣鴨梨含糖量高的(de)自然因素。
三.地域范圍
冠(guan)縣鴨梨產于(yu)聊城市冠(guan)縣行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)所轄(xia)區(qu)域(yu)內,覆蓋冠(guan)縣境內蘭沃(wo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、清水鎮(zhen)、甘官屯鄉(xiang)(xiang)、辛集鄉(xiang)(xiang)4個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),共52個行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。西至(zhi)蘭沃(wo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)曲屯村(cun)(cun)(cun),東至(zhi)辛集鄉(xiang)(xiang)劉八寨村(cun)(cun)(cun),北(bei)至(zhi)清水鎮(zhen)劉屯村(cun)(cun)(cun),南(nan)至(zhi)蘭沃(wo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)大曲村(cun)(cun)(cun)。地(di)(di)理坐標為(wei):東經115°31′~115°39′,北(bei)緯36°33′~36°37′,海(hai)拔為(wei)29.5-35米之間。地(di)(di)域(yu)保(bao)護(hu)總面積(ji)7003公(gong)頃,年總產量(liang)31萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外觀特征:冠(guan)縣鴨(ya)梨果(guo)(guo)實外觀金(jin)黃色(套袋栽培呈乳白色),皮(pi)薄肉(rou)脆(cui)汁(zhi)多(duo),石細(xi)胞少(shao),脆(cui)甜可(ke)口,汁(zhi)多(duo),個大核(he)小(xiao),有香氣,食后清爽。果(guo)(guo)面潔凈光滑,果(guo)(guo)形端正,鴨(ya)梨因(yin)果(guo)(guo)梗基部膨(peng)大,果(guo)(guo)梗與果(guo)(guo)肩結合部似(si)鴨(ya)頭狀而得名。
2、內在特征:冠縣(xian)鴨梨果實色鮮(xian)肉嫩(nen)質細(xi)且脆,一般單果重180g至280g,富含多種維生素(su)、有機酸、鋅、鐵等多種營養物(wu)質,可溶(rong)性固形物(wu)≥12.0%、可滴定酸≥0.2%、維生素(su)C≥8mg/100g。
3、安全(quan)要求(qiu):冠縣(xian)鴨梨嚴格按照(zhao)NY/T 844-2010標準(zhun)執行(xing)。