一.產品介紹
冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨梨(li)已有(you)1000多年(nian)(nian)的(de)栽培歷(li)史,產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)優越,栽培歷(li)史悠久,果(guo)(guo)(guo)形端(duan)(duan)正,果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)潔凈光(guang)滑,鴨梨(li)因果(guo)(guo)(guo)梗基部(bu)(bu)膨(peng)大(da),果(guo)(guo)(guo)梗與果(guo)(guo)(guo)肩結(jie)合(he)部(bu)(bu)似鴨頭狀而(er)得名(ming)。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨梨(li)為(wei)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)“縣(xian)(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)”,以皮薄、質(zhi)細、肉(rou)嫩、果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)潔凈光(guang)滑、果(guo)(guo)(guo)形端(duan)(duan)正、果(guo)(guo)(guo)色(se)金黃(huang)、清(qing)香多汁、酸甜可口(kou)、核小(xiao)肉(rou)白(bai)、耐貯(zhu)而(er)馳名(ming)中外,1988年(nian)(nian)被(bei)評為(wei)國(guo)家優質(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)獎,1990年(nian)(nian)被(bei)評為(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)優質(zhi)鴨梨(li),暢銷日(ri)本、新加坡等(deng)國(guo)家和(he)京、津(jin)(jin)、滬(hu)等(deng)地(di)(di),2014年(nian)(nian)7月通過了農業部(bu)(bu)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)登(deng)記,深受(shou)國(guo)內外消費(fei)者(zhe)歡(huan)迎(ying)。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨梨(li)刀切汁液即滴,食(shi)(shi)后清(qing)香滿口(kou),是抑膩醒酒佳品(pin)(pin)(pin)。可生(sheng)食(shi)(shi),也可加工罐頭和(he)釀制飲料(liao)及調料(liao)。鴨梨(li)還有(you)生(sheng)津(jin)(jin)、潤燥、清(qing)熱(re)、化痰等(deng)藥(yao)物功能,經(jing)常食(shi)(shi)用,可清(qing)胃(wei)敗(bai)火(huo),利(li)脾潤肝(gan)。對傷(shang)津(jin)(jin)煩渴、肺熱(re)咳嗽(sou)、目赤喉腫、腸干便(bian)秘等(deng)癥(zheng)療效更為(wei)顯著(zhu)。?冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨梨(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實粗頸(jing)葫蘆形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)梗粗短,萼片宿(su)存,果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)凹(ao)凸不平(ping)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮自幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)期即為(wei)褐紅色(se),成熟時果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)大(da)部(bu)(bu)著(zhu)褐紅色(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)點小(xiao)而(er)密(mi),果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白(bai)色(se),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨梨(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實色(se)鮮肉(rou)嫩,一(yi)般單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)重180g至(zhi)280g,平(ping)均(jun)單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)重208克(ke)。富含多種(zhong)(zhong)維生(sheng)素、有(you)機酸、鋅(xin)、鐵等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)營養(yang)物質(zhi);經(jing)檢測機構測定:維生(sheng)素C≥3.5mg/100g、總(zong)酸≥0.1%、可溶(rong)性固形物≥12.0%、鋅(xin)≥0.15mg/kg、鐵≥0.1mg/100g。采(cai)后10天左右果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)變軟(ruan),易(yi)溶(rong)于口(kou),味濃(nong)甜,品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)上乘。山(shan)東(dong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)區(qu)8月下旬成熟。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨梨(li)申請地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)地(di)(di)域保(bao)護范圍(wei)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)坐標(biao)為(wei)東(dong)經(jing)115°31′~115°39′,北緯(wei)36°33′~36°37′,地(di)(di)域保(bao)護總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積7003公頃。2013年(nian)(nian)初統計,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)黃(huang)河故道邊萬畝梨(li)園里樹齡上百年(nian)(nian)的(de)梨(li)樹超過12700棵,其中1669年(nian)(nian)(清(qing)康(kang)熙8年(nian)(nian))王(wang)氏栽植的(de)一(yi)棵鴨梨(li)樹,生(sheng)長于蘭沃鄉韓路(lu)村,已有(you)330年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷(li)史,樹高8米(mi),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)幅19米(mi),干周3.6米(mi),仍(reng)枝(zhi)繁葉茂,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)鴨梨(li)2000余公斤(jin),被(bei)稱為(wei)“梨(li)樹王(wang)”。
二.自然生態環境
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況:冠縣境內地(di)勢高(gao)亢平(ping)坦(tan),略有(you)起伏。因歷史上黃河頻繁泛濫(lan)沉積(ji)(ji),形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)山崗(gang)坡洼相間(jian)的(de)微地(di)貌。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型有(you)潮土(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)、風沙(sha)土(tu)(tu),以(yi)潮土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主(zhu),占(zhan)土(tu)(tu)地(di)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)94.1%。縣境土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)分布特點(dian)為(wei)東稍堿、中壤(rang)、西偏沙(sha)。冠縣鴨(ya)梨樹主(zhu)要分布在砂(sha)或砂(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)上,PH值為(wei)7.0-7.5;土(tu)(tu)質疏松(song),通(tong)透性強(qiang)(qiang),對光(guang)有(you)反射作(zuo)用,增強(qiang)(qiang)了(le)樹體對光(guang)的(de)利用率和碳水(shui)化(hua)合物的(de)形(xing)成(cheng),宜于冠縣鴨(ya)梨生長。
2、水文情況(kuang):冠(guan)縣境內(nei)東(dong)部(bu)有(you)京杭運河(he)(he)、馬頰河(he)(he),西部(bu)有(you)漳衛河(he)(he)。黃河(he)(he)故道自斜店鄉南(nan)滿菜入境,境內(nei)為西南(nan)東(dong)北走向(xiang),至清水鎮(zhen)柳行頭出境。水資(zi)源豐富(fu),具備了(le)良好(hao)的(de)(de)水澆(jiao)條件,含水土體深(shen)厚(hou),孔隙度高,造成了(le)良好(hao)的(de)(de)儲水條件。
3、氣候情況(kuang):冠(guan)縣屬溫(wen)帶季(ji)風區大(da)(da)陸性氣候,春(chun)夏秋冬四季(ji)分明。年平均氣溫(wen)13.1℃,年均氣溫(wen)時數為(wei)2630小時,無霜期198天,年均降(jiang)水量592毫米,年均大(da)(da)于(yu)10℃的有效積溫(wen)4500℃。9月份(fen)的晝夜溫(wen)差達10℃。充足的光(guang)照(zhao),較大(da)(da)的溫(wen)差是形成冠(guan)縣鴨梨含糖量高的自然因素。
三.地域范圍
冠(guan)縣鴨梨產于聊城市冠(guan)縣行(xing)政所轄(xia)區域內,覆蓋(gai)冠(guan)縣境(jing)內蘭沃鄉、清水鎮、甘官(guan)屯鄉、辛集鄉4個(ge)鄉鎮,共52個(ge)行(xing)政村。西至蘭沃鄉曲(qu)屯村,東至辛集鄉劉(liu)八寨村,北至清水鎮劉(liu)屯村,南至蘭沃鄉大曲(qu)村。地理坐標(biao)為:東經115°31′~115°39′,北緯36°33′~36°37′,海拔為29.5-35米之間。地域保護總面積7003公頃,年總產量31萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外觀(guan)特征:冠(guan)縣鴨(ya)梨果實外觀(guan)金(jin)黃色(se)(套袋(dai)栽培(pei)呈乳(ru)白色(se)),皮(pi)薄(bo)肉脆汁多,石細胞少(shao),脆甜可口,汁多,個大核小(xiao),有香(xiang)氣,食后清爽(shuang)。果面潔凈光滑,果形端(duan)正,鴨(ya)梨因果梗(geng)基部膨大,果梗(geng)與果肩結(jie)合部似鴨(ya)頭狀(zhuang)而得名(ming)。
2、內在(zai)特征:冠縣(xian)鴨梨果(guo)實色鮮肉嫩(nen)質(zhi)細且脆(cui),一(yi)般單果(guo)重(zhong)180g至(zhi)280g,富含多(duo)種維生素、有機酸、鋅、鐵等多(duo)種營養物質(zhi),可溶性固(gu)形物≥12.0%、可滴(di)定(ding)酸≥0.2%、維生素C≥8mg/100g。
3、安(an)全要求:冠(guan)縣鴨梨(li)嚴格按照NY/T 844-2010標準執行(xing)。