一.產品介紹
冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)已(yi)有(you)(you)1000多(duo)年(nian)(nian)的栽培(pei)(pei)歷(li)史,產(chan)地(di)環境優越,栽培(pei)(pei)歷(li)史悠久,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)端(duan)正(zheng),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面潔凈(jing)光滑,鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)因(yin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)基部膨大(da),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)與果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩(jian)結合部似鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)頭狀而(er)得名(ming)。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)的“縣(xian)(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,以皮(pi)薄、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細、肉嫩(nen)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面潔凈(jing)光滑、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)端(duan)正(zheng)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)色金黃、清(qing)香(xiang)多(duo)汁(zhi)、酸(suan)甜(tian)可口、核小肉白(bai)、耐貯而(er)馳名(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)外,1988年(nian)(nian)被(bei)評為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)獎,1990年(nian)(nian)被(bei)評為(wei)(wei)山(shan)東省優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),暢(chang)銷日本、新(xin)加(jia)坡等國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和京、津、滬等地(di),2014年(nian)(nian)7月通過(guo)了農業部農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)(zhi)登記,深受國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外消(xiao)費者歡(huan)迎。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)刀切汁(zhi)液(ye)即滴(di),食后清(qing)香(xiang)滿口,是抑膩醒酒佳品(pin)。可生(sheng)食,也(ye)可加(jia)工罐(guan)頭和釀制(zhi)飲料及調料。鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)還有(you)(you)生(sheng)津、潤燥(zao)、清(qing)熱(re)、化痰等藥物功能,經(jing)常食用(yong),可清(qing)胃敗(bai)火,利脾(pi)潤肝。對傷津煩渴、肺熱(re)咳嗽、目赤(chi)喉腫、腸干便秘(mi)等癥療效更為(wei)(wei)顯(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)。?冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)粗頸葫(hu)蘆形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)粗短(duan),萼片宿(su)存,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面凹凸不平。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)自幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期即為(wei)(wei)褐紅色,成(cheng)熟時果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面大(da)部著(zhu)(zhu)褐紅色,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點小而(er)密,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉白(bai)色,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)色鮮肉嫩(nen),一(yi)般單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重180g至280g,平均單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重208克。富含多(duo)種維生(sheng)素、有(you)(you)機酸(suan)、鋅、鐵(tie)等多(duo)種營養物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);經(jing)檢測機構(gou)測定:維生(sheng)素C≥3.5mg/100g、總酸(suan)≥0.1%、可溶性(xing)固(gu)形(xing)物≥12.0%、鋅≥0.15mg/kg、鐵(tie)≥0.1mg/100g。采后10天(tian)左右(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉變軟,易(yi)溶于口,味濃甜(tian),品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)乘。山(shan)東冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)區8月下旬(xun)成(cheng)熟。冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)申請地(di)理標志(zhi)(zhi)地(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范(fan)圍地(di)理坐標為(wei)(wei)東經(jing)115°31′~115°39′,北緯36°33′~36°37′,地(di)域保(bao)護(hu)總面積7003公(gong)頃。2013年(nian)(nian)初(chu)統計,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)東北部黃河故道邊萬畝梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園里樹(shu)齡(ling)上(shang)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)的梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)超過(guo)12700棵(ke),其中(zhong)(zhong)1669年(nian)(nian)(清(qing)康熙(xi)8年(nian)(nian))王氏(shi)栽植的一(yi)棵(ke)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu),生(sheng)長于蘭(lan)沃鄉(xiang)韓路村,已(yi)有(you)(you)330年(nian)(nian)的歷(li)史,樹(shu)高8米(mi),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)幅19米(mi),干周3.6米(mi),仍枝繁(fan)葉茂,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)2000余公(gong)斤,被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)王”。
二.自然生態環境
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況:冠縣境內地(di)勢高亢(kang)平坦,略有(you)起伏。因歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)(shang)黃河頻繁泛濫(lan)沉積(ji),形成(cheng)了山崗(gang)坡洼相間(jian)的(de)(de)微(wei)地(di)貌。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型有(you)潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)、鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu),以潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主,占土(tu)(tu)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)94.1%。縣境土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)特點(dian)為(wei)東稍堿、中壤(rang)、西(xi)偏沙。冠縣鴨梨樹(shu)主要分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在(zai)砂或砂壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang),PH值為(wei)7.0-7.5;土(tu)(tu)質疏松(song),通透性強,對光有(you)反射作用(yong),增強了樹(shu)體(ti)對光的(de)(de)利用(yong)率和碳水化(hua)合物(wu)的(de)(de)形成(cheng),宜于(yu)冠縣鴨梨生長。
2、水(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況:冠(guan)縣(xian)境內東(dong)部(bu)有京(jing)杭運河(he)(he)、馬(ma)頰河(he)(he),西部(bu)有漳衛(wei)河(he)(he)。黃河(he)(he)故道自斜店鄉南(nan)(nan)滿菜入境,境內為西南(nan)(nan)東(dong)北走(zou)向,至清水(shui)鎮柳(liu)行頭出(chu)境。水(shui)資源豐(feng)富,具備了良好(hao)的水(shui)澆條件(jian),含(han)水(shui)土體深厚(hou),孔隙度高(gao),造成了良好(hao)的儲水(shui)條件(jian)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:冠縣屬溫(wen)(wen)帶季風(feng)區大(da)陸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),春夏秋(qiu)冬四季分(fen)明。年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)13.1℃,年(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)時數為2630小時,無霜期(qi)198天,年(nian)(nian)均降水(shui)量(liang)592毫米,年(nian)(nian)均大(da)于10℃的(de)(de)有效積溫(wen)(wen)4500℃。9月份的(de)(de)晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差達10℃。充足的(de)(de)光照,較大(da)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)差是形(xing)成冠縣鴨梨(li)含糖量(liang)高的(de)(de)自(zi)然因素。
三.地域范圍
冠縣鴨梨產于聊(liao)城市冠縣行(xing)政所轄(xia)區域(yu)內,覆蓋冠縣境內蘭沃鄉(xiang)(xiang)、清水(shui)鎮、甘官屯(tun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、辛(xin)集鄉(xiang)(xiang)4個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮,共52個行(xing)政村。西至蘭沃鄉(xiang)(xiang)曲(qu)屯(tun)村,東至辛(xin)集鄉(xiang)(xiang)劉(liu)八寨村,北至清水(shui)鎮劉(liu)屯(tun)村,南至蘭沃鄉(xiang)(xiang)大曲(qu)村。地(di)理坐(zuo)標為:東經115°31′~115°39′,北緯36°33′~36°37′,海(hai)拔為29.5-35米之(zhi)間。地(di)域(yu)保護總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)7003公(gong)頃,年總(zong)產量31萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外觀特征:冠縣鴨梨果實外觀金(jin)黃色(se)(套袋栽培呈乳(ru)白色(se)),皮薄肉(rou)脆汁(zhi)多(duo),石細胞少,脆甜可(ke)口,汁(zhi)多(duo),個大核小,有(you)香(xiang)氣(qi),食后清爽。果面潔凈光滑,果形端正,鴨梨因果梗(geng)基部膨大,果梗(geng)與果肩(jian)結合(he)部似(si)鴨頭狀(zhuang)而(er)得名。
2、內在特(te)征:冠縣鴨梨(li)果實(shi)色鮮(xian)肉嫩質(zhi)細(xi)且脆(cui),一般(ban)單果重180g至280g,富(fu)含多種(zhong)維(wei)生素、有機(ji)酸、鋅、鐵等多種(zhong)營養物(wu)質(zhi),可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)固形(xing)物(wu)≥12.0%、可(ke)滴定(ding)酸≥0.2%、維(wei)生素C≥8mg/100g。
3、安全要(yao)求:冠(guan)縣鴨梨(li)嚴格按(an)照NY/T 844-2010標準(zhun)執行(xing)。