一.產品介紹
冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)已(yi)有(you)(you)1000多年(nian)(nian)的栽培歷(li)史,產(chan)地(di)環境優(you)越,栽培歷(li)史悠久,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形端(duan)正,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)潔凈光(guang)滑,鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)因(yin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)基部(bu)膨(peng)大,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)與(yu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩結合部(bu)似鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)狀而(er)(er)得名。冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)的“縣(xian)(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,以(yi)皮(pi)薄、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細、肉(rou)嫩、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)潔凈光(guang)滑、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形端(duan)正、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)色(se)金黃、清(qing)香多汁、酸甜(tian)可(ke)口(kou)、核(he)小肉(rou)白、耐(nai)貯而(er)(er)馳(chi)名中(zhong)外,1988年(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)評為(wei)國(guo)家優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)獎(jiang),1990年(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)評為(wei)山東省優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),暢銷日本(ben)、新(xin)加坡等(deng)國(guo)家和京、津(jin)、滬等(deng)地(di),2014年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)通過(guo)了農業部(bu)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標志登記(ji),深(shen)受國(guo)內外消費者歡迎(ying)。冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)刀切(qie)汁液即(ji)滴,食(shi)后(hou)清(qing)香滿(man)口(kou),是抑膩(ni)醒酒佳品(pin)(pin)(pin)。可(ke)生(sheng)食(shi),也可(ke)加工罐頭(tou)和釀制飲料及調(diao)料。鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)還有(you)(you)生(sheng)津(jin)、潤(run)燥、清(qing)熱、化(hua)痰等(deng)藥(yao)物功能,經常食(shi)用,可(ke)清(qing)胃敗(bai)火,利(li)脾(pi)潤(run)肝。對傷津(jin)煩渴(ke)、肺熱咳嗽(sou)、目(mu)赤喉腫、腸干便秘等(deng)癥療效更為(wei)顯(xian)著(zhu)。?冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實粗頸葫蘆形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)粗短(duan),萼片(pian)宿存(cun),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)凹凸不平。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)自幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期即(ji)為(wei)褐(he)紅色(se),成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)時果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)大部(bu)著(zhu)褐(he)紅色(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點小而(er)(er)密(mi),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白色(se),冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實色(se)鮮肉(rou)嫩,一(yi)般單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)180g至(zhi)280g,平均(jun)單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)208克(ke)。富(fu)含多種維生(sheng)素(su)、有(you)(you)機酸、鋅(xin)、鐵(tie)等(deng)多種營養物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);經檢(jian)測機構測定:維生(sheng)素(su)C≥3.5mg/100g、總酸≥0.1%、可(ke)溶性固形物≥12.0%、鋅(xin)≥0.15mg/kg、鐵(tie)≥0.1mg/100g。采后(hou)10天左右果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)變軟,易溶于口(kou),味濃甜(tian),品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上乘。山東冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)區8月(yue)下旬成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)。冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)申請地(di)理(li)(li)標志地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護范(fan)圍地(di)理(li)(li)坐標為(wei)東經115°31′~115°39′,北緯36°33′~36°37′,地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積7003公頃(qing)。2013年(nian)(nian)初(chu)統計,冠(guan)(guan)縣(xian)(xian)東北部(bu)黃河故(gu)道邊萬畝(mu)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)園里樹(shu)(shu)齡上百年(nian)(nian)的梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)超過(guo)12700棵,其(qi)中(zhong)1669年(nian)(nian)(清(qing)康熙8年(nian)(nian))王氏栽植的一(yi)棵鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu),生(sheng)長于蘭沃鄉韓路村,已(yi)有(you)(you)330年(nian)(nian)的歷(li)史,樹(shu)(shu)高8米(mi),冠(guan)(guan)幅19米(mi),干周3.6米(mi),仍枝繁葉茂(mao),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)2000余公斤,被(bei)(bei)稱為(wei)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)王”。
二.自然生態環境
1、土(tu)壤地貌(mao)情況(kuang):冠縣境內地勢(shi)高亢平坦,略有(you)(you)起伏。因歷史上黃(huang)河頻繁泛濫(lan)沉積(ji)(ji),形(xing)(xing)成了山崗坡(po)洼相間的(de)微(wei)地貌(mao)。土(tu)壤類型有(you)(you)潮土(tu)、鹽土(tu)、風沙土(tu),以潮土(tu)為主,占(zhan)土(tu)地面積(ji)(ji)的(de)94.1%。縣境土(tu)壤分布(bu)特點為東(dong)稍堿、中壤、西偏沙。冠縣鴨(ya)梨樹主要分布(bu)在砂或砂壤土(tu)上,PH值(zhi)為7.0-7.5;土(tu)質疏(shu)松,通透性強(qiang),對光有(you)(you)反射作用(yong),增(zeng)強(qiang)了樹體對光的(de)利用(yong)率和碳水化合物的(de)形(xing)(xing)成,宜(yi)于(yu)冠縣鴨(ya)梨生長。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:冠縣境(jing)內東部有(you)京杭(hang)運河(he)、馬頰河(he),西部有(you)漳衛河(he)。黃河(he)故道(dao)自斜店鄉南(nan)(nan)滿菜入(ru)境(jing),境(jing)內為西南(nan)(nan)東北走向,至清水(shui)(shui)鎮柳(liu)行頭出境(jing)。水(shui)(shui)資源豐富,具備了良好的水(shui)(shui)澆(jiao)條件,含(han)水(shui)(shui)土體深(shen)厚,孔隙度高,造成了良好的儲(chu)水(shui)(shui)條件。
3、氣候情況:冠縣屬(shu)溫(wen)帶季風區大陸性氣候,春夏秋冬四(si)季分明。年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)13.1℃,年(nian)均氣溫(wen)時(shi)數為2630小(xiao)時(shi),無霜期198天,年(nian)均降(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)592毫(hao)米(mi),年(nian)均大于10℃的(de)有效積(ji)溫(wen)4500℃。9月份的(de)晝夜溫(wen)差達10℃。充足的(de)光照,較大的(de)溫(wen)差是形成冠縣鴨梨(li)含(han)糖量(liang)(liang)高的(de)自然(ran)因素。
三.地域范圍
冠縣鴨梨(li)產于聊城市冠縣行政所轄(xia)區域內(nei),覆蓋冠縣境內(nei)蘭(lan)沃鄉(xiang)(xiang)、清水鎮、甘(gan)官屯鄉(xiang)(xiang)、辛集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)4個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮,共52個行政村(cun)。西至(zhi)(zhi)蘭(lan)沃鄉(xiang)(xiang)曲(qu)屯村(cun),東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)辛集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)劉八寨村(cun),北至(zhi)(zhi)清水鎮劉屯村(cun),南至(zhi)(zhi)蘭(lan)沃鄉(xiang)(xiang)大曲(qu)村(cun)。地(di)理坐(zuo)標為:東(dong)經115°31′~115°39′,北緯36°33′~36°37′,海拔為29.5-35米之(zhi)間。地(di)域保護總面積7003公頃,年總產量31萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外觀特征:冠縣鴨(ya)梨果實外觀金(jin)黃(huang)色(se)(套(tao)袋栽培呈乳白色(se)),皮薄肉脆汁多,石細胞少,脆甜可口(kou),汁多,個大核小,有香氣,食后清爽。果面潔凈光滑,果形端(duan)正(zheng),鴨(ya)梨因果梗(geng)基部膨大,果梗(geng)與(yu)果肩(jian)結合部似鴨(ya)頭狀(zhuang)而(er)得(de)名。
2、內在(zai)特征(zheng):冠縣鴨梨(li)果實色鮮肉嫩(nen)質細(xi)且脆(cui),一般單果重180g至280g,富含多種維(wei)生素、有機酸(suan)、鋅、鐵等多種營養物質,可溶性固形物≥12.0%、可滴定酸(suan)≥0.2%、維(wei)生素C≥8mg/100g。
3、安全要求:冠縣(xian)鴨梨嚴格按(an)照(zhao)NY/T 844-2010標準執行(xing)。