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形態特征

由于平(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)四面環(huan)海，獨特(te)的(de)(de)氣候、地理條件(jian)造就了平(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙的(de)(de)三大(da)特(te)色：首先是(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期相(xiang)對其(qi)他地區的(de)(de)水(shui)仙花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)長(chang)，據了解，平(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期長(chang)達18天之(zhi)久；其(qi)次是(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾數(shu)量(liang)多(duo)，香(xiang)味濃郁(yu)持久；第(di)三是(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)株型矮壯、健(jian)美，這也是(shi)它與漳(zhang)州水(shui)仙的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)區別，由于抗倒伏能力極強(qiang)，這一優勢便成了平(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)賣點。據專家考證，平(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)歷經200多(duo)年的(de)(de)野化生(sheng)存，在(zai)惡劣的(de)(de)自(zi)然環(huan)境中(zhong)，遵循著生(sheng)物界優勝(sheng)劣汰的(de)(de)自(zi)然規(gui)則(ze)，其(qi)優良種性表現得(de)尤為突(tu)出，且人工馴化時(shi)間不長(chang)，其(qi)生(sheng)態(tai)特(te)征更具野性。在(zai)觀賞培(pei)育方面可塑性更強(qiang)，觀賞價值更高，素以花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)箭多(duo)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期長(chang)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)味香(xiang)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)姿美而(er)聞名遐邇(er)。更是(shi)因抗逆性強(qiang)、病害少、抗倒伏和(he)不啞(ya)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)特(te)點而(er)獲得(de)廣(guang)大(da)栽(zai)培(pei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)賞識。

生長環境

特(te)殊的(de)土壤結構(gou)，暖溫的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)，多風的(de)氣(qi)象條(tiao)件是形成平潭(tan)水仙(xian)特(te)殊品(pin)種的(de)主要(yao)因素，是其它地區品(pin)種所(suo)無法替代的(de)。

分布范圍

平(ping)(ping)(ping)潭縣(xian)簡稱“嵐”，形似神獸麒麟，位(wei)于北緯(wei)25°15′—25°45′，東經119°32′—120°10′。東臨臺灣(wan)(wan)(wan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽，距臺灣(wan)(wan)(wan)新竹(zhu)港(gang)僅68海(hai)(hai)(hai)里，是福建省以及大(da)陸與臺灣(wan)(wan)(wan)距離(li)最(zui)近的島(dao)縣(xian)，西隔海(hai)(hai)(hai)壇(tan)(tan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽，與長樂、福清市、莆田(tian)縣(xian)為鄰，南(nan)近莆田(tian)縣(xian)的南(nan)島(dao)，北望白(bai)犬(quan)列島(dao)。全(quan)縣(xian)由126個(ge)島(dao)嶼(yu)組成，陸地面積(ji)371.91平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里，灘涂64.65平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里，海(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)面積(ji)6000多平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里，海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸線長399.82公里。海(hai)(hai)(hai)壇(tan)(tan)島(dao)是福建省第(di)一大(da)島(dao)，中(zhong)國第(di)五大(da)島(dao)，陸地面積(ji)267.13平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里。全(quan)縣(xian)島(dao)嶼(yu)多，海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸線蜿蜒曲折，其類型(xing)有基(ji)巖(yan)侵蝕(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸、紅土侵蝕(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸、沙質塘積(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸、沙泥質和(he)混(hun)沙質塘積(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸。

平(ping)潭屬南亞熱(re)(re)帶海(hai)(hai)洋性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣候。夏(xia)長冬短，溫(wen)熱(re)(re)濕潤(run)，夏(xia)涼冬暖、霜雪罕見。春(chun)溫(wen)低于秋溫(wen)。多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)19.6℃，最(zui)冷日平(ping)均氣溫(wen)10.2℃；最(zui)熱(re)(re)日平(ping)均氣溫(wen)27.9℃，全年(nian)(nian)≥10℃的(de)活動(dong)積(ji)溫(wen)有(you)6563度日，多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日照1919.7小時。雨熱(re)(re)同季(ji)(ji)，旱雨季(ji)(ji)節分(fen)明(ming)，多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降水(shui)量1172毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，蒸發(fa)量1300毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，為(wei)福建省少雨區之(zhi)一。季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)明(ming)顯(xian)，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)以(yi)偏南風(feng)(feng)為(wei)主，其余(yu)季(ji)(ji)節多為(wei)東北風(feng)(feng)。風(feng)(feng)力(li)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均風(feng)(feng)速6.9米(mi)(mi)/秒，灣海(hai)(hai)地區全年(nian)(nian)大(da)風(feng)(feng)（7級以(yi)上）日數為(wei)125天(tian)，是福建省強風(feng)(feng)區之(zhi)一。

生產情況

1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，時(shi)任平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)企業(ye)(ye)局(ju)局(ju)長(chang)的(de)馮(feng)立朝先生(sheng)，把家(jia)鄉(xiang)的(de)野(ye)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)球莖送往廈門市園林部(bu)門，經(jing)鑒定確認為(wei)中國(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)種之一，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)從此得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)人(ren)們的(de)高(gao)度重視并(bing)加以繼(ji)續培育(yu)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)，君(jun)(jun)山村(cun)野(ye)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)福(fu)建省(sheng)(sheng)亞熱帶(dai)作物研究所檢驗鑒定為(wei)“單瓣玉(yu)玲瓏”，與漳州水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)種。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)科委、縣(xian)(xian)企業(ye)(ye)局(ju)、縣(xian)(xian)外(wai)貿(mao)公司聯合(he)撥款(kuan)，在(zai)君(jun)(jun)山村(cun)進(jin)行人(ren)工馴化試種初獲成功(gong)。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)擴(kuo)種3.8畝(mu)，并(bing)列入福(fu)建省(sheng)(sheng)科委和(he)莆田地(di)(di)區科委“人(ren)工馴化”科研計劃項目。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)，經(jing)福(fu)建省(sheng)(sheng)科委核心組驗收，商品(pin)率(lv)達90%以上，出(chu)口合(he)格(ge)率(lv)達65%以上，命名為(wei)“平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)”。當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，在(zai)君(jun)(jun)山村(cun)繼(ji)續擴(kuo)種，同(tong)時(shi)在(zai)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)城(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)培育(yu)場，對大(da)練公社月(yue)舉村(cun)的(de)野(ye)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種球進(jin)行異地(di)(di)試種，獲得(de)(de)成功(gong)。1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)福(fu)建省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳把平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)列為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良種繁(fan)殖基地(di)(di)，進(jin)行高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)優質(zhi)試驗。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)科委組織實施“野(ye)化水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)工復壯培育(yu)研究”。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)25～26日，經(jing)市科委組織專家(jia)鑒定，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)具有抗逆(ni)性(xing)強、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)箭多、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)長(chang)、氣味清香等特點。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)被國(guo)家(jia)計委、農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)列為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)商品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)，在(zai)香港舉行的(de)國(guo)際(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)上，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)獲“最佳(jia)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)品(pin)獎”。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，種植面(mian)積達75畝(mu)。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種植面(mian)積有1000多畝(mu)。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種植面(mian)積達30多公頃，產(chan)(chan)(chan)球量達150萬粒，產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達1000萬元。但(dan)是產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)總體發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)還是比較慢，主(zhu)要(yao)是投(tou)資主(zhu)體單一、投(tou)資能(neng)(neng)力(li)較弱(ruo)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)規(gui)模不夠強大(da)，也導致對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)科技投(tou)入不足(zu)，宣傳力(li)度不夠大(da)，企業(ye)(ye)未能(neng)(neng)形成自己的(de)優質(zhi)品(pin)牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。到(dao)(dao)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種植面(mian)積為(wei)300多畝(mu)，主(zhu)要(yao)分布在(zai)敖東(dong)、中樓和(he)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)城(cheng)的(de)海灘地(di)(di)。為(wei)了(le)重振平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)除了(le)推(tui)動(dong)注冊“平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”地(di)(di)理標志證明商標工作，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)工商局(ju)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開發總公司還通(tong)過(guo)“商標+公司+農(nong)戶”模式，帶(dai)動(dong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，提升平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)知名度、競爭力(li)和(he)價格(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)。

產品榮譽

1992年在(zai)(zai)“香港國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)”盛會(hui)上，十多個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和(he)地(di)區，以(yi)數千種的(de)名花(hua)(hua)(hua)異草(cao)參(can)展(zhan)競秀，“平潭(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)”作(zuo)為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)獨(du)一無二的(de)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)代表參(can)展(zhan)，榮(rong)獲“最(zui)佳(jia)展(zhan)品獎(jiang)”；接著參(can)加中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)協會(hui)舉(ju)辦的(de)千種花(hua)(hua)(hua)評獎(jiang)大會(hui)，又獲得(de)一等獎(jiang)。而在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)南海、人民大會(hui)堂等重要場(chang)所，平潭(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)也(ye)爭奇斗艷，成(cheng)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)大型(xing)慶典活動(dong)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)領導人接見外(wai)賓的(de)迎春花(hua)(hua)(hua)、迎賓花(hua)(hua)(hua)。2003年在(zai)(zai)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)春季(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉展(zhan)銷(xiao)會(hui)上，平潭(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)開發總公司(si)帶(dai)去的(de)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)得(de)到很(hen)高評價(jia)，平潭(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)自此走出(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)門(men)，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉市場(chang)上凸顯(xian)其獨(du)特魅力(li)。2007年底，平潭(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)被納(na)入(ru)地(di)理標志保(bao)(bao)護產品目錄(lu)，也(ye)是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)唯一獲得(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)理標志保(bao)(bao)護的(de)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。