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形態特征

由于(yu)平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)四面環海，獨(du)特(te)的(de)氣候、地理條件造(zao)就了平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水仙(xian)的(de)三大特(te)色：首(shou)先是(shi)(shi)花(hua)期相(xiang)對(dui)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)地區(qu)的(de)水仙(xian)花(hua)長(chang)，據了解，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水仙(xian)花(hua)平(ping)(ping)均花(hua)期長(chang)達18天(tian)之久；其(qi)(qi)次是(shi)(shi)花(hua)蕾(lei)數量多，香味(wei)濃郁(yu)持久；第(di)三是(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水仙(xian)花(hua)株(zhu)型矮壯、健美(mei)，這也是(shi)(shi)它(ta)與漳州(zhou)水仙(xian)的(de)最大區(qu)別，由于(yu)抗(kang)倒伏(fu)能力(li)極(ji)強，這一(yi)優(you)勢(shi)便成了平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水仙(xian)的(de)最大賣點(dian)。據專家考證，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水仙(xian)花(hua)歷經200多年的(de)野化生(sheng)存(cun)，在(zai)惡劣的(de)自然環境中，遵循(xun)著(zhu)生(sheng)物界(jie)優(you)勝(sheng)劣汰(tai)的(de)自然規則，其(qi)(qi)優(you)良種性(xing)表(biao)現得(de)尤(you)為突出，且人(ren)工(gong)馴化時間(jian)不(bu)長(chang)，其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)態特(te)征更(geng)(geng)具野性(xing)。在(zai)觀(guan)賞培(pei)育方面可塑性(xing)更(geng)(geng)強，觀(guan)賞價值更(geng)(geng)高(gao)，素(su)以花(hua)箭多、花(hua)期長(chang)、花(hua)味(wei)香、花(hua)姿(zi)美(mei)而聞名(ming)遐(xia)邇(er)。更(geng)(geng)是(shi)(shi)因抗(kang)逆性(xing)強、病害(hai)少、抗(kang)倒伏(fu)和不(bu)啞(ya)花(hua)等特(te)點(dian)而獲得(de)廣大栽培(pei)者(zhe)的(de)賞識。

生長環境

特殊的土(tu)壤結構，暖溫的氣候，多風(feng)的氣象條件(jian)是(shi)形(xing)成平潭水仙特殊品種的主要因素，是(shi)其它地區品種所(suo)無法(fa)替代的。

分布范圍

平潭(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)簡稱“嵐”，形(xing)似神獸(shou)麒麟，位于北緯25°15′—25°45′，東經(jing)119°32′—120°10′。東臨臺灣海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽(xia)，距臺灣新竹港(gang)僅68海(hai)(hai)(hai)里，是福建省(sheng)以及大(da)陸與(yu)臺灣距離最近的(de)島(dao)(dao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，西(xi)隔海(hai)(hai)(hai)壇(tan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽(xia)，與(yu)長(chang)樂、福清市(shi)、莆田縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為鄰(lin)，南(nan)近莆田縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)南(nan)島(dao)(dao)，北望白犬列島(dao)(dao)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)由(you)126個(ge)島(dao)(dao)嶼組(zu)成，陸地(di)面(mian)積(ji)371.91平方公(gong)(gong)里，灘涂64.65平方公(gong)(gong)里，海(hai)(hai)(hai)域面(mian)積(ji)6000多(duo)平方公(gong)(gong)里，海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)線(xian)長(chang)399.82公(gong)(gong)里。海(hai)(hai)(hai)壇(tan)島(dao)(dao)是福建省(sheng)第一大(da)島(dao)(dao)，中國(guo)第五大(da)島(dao)(dao)，陸地(di)面(mian)積(ji)267.13平方公(gong)(gong)里。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)島(dao)(dao)嶼多(duo)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)線(xian)蜿蜒曲折，其類型有基巖侵蝕(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)、紅土侵蝕(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)、沙質塘(tang)(tang)積(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)、沙泥質和(he)混沙質塘(tang)(tang)積(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)(an)。

平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)屬南亞熱(re)帶海(hai)洋性季(ji)風(feng)氣候。夏(xia)長冬(dong)短，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)熱(re)濕(shi)潤，夏(xia)涼冬(dong)暖、霜雪罕(han)見。春溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低于秋溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。多(duo)(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)19.6℃，最冷日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)10.2℃；最熱(re)日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)27.9℃，全(quan)年(nian)≥10℃的活動積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)有6563度(du)日(ri)，多(duo)(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照1919.7小(xiao)時(shi)。雨熱(re)同季(ji)，旱雨季(ji)節分(fen)明(ming)，多(duo)(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)1172毫米，蒸發量(liang)1300毫米，為(wei)福建省(sheng)少雨區(qu)之一。季(ji)風(feng)明(ming)顯，夏(xia)季(ji)以偏南風(feng)為(wei)主(zhu)，其余季(ji)節多(duo)(duo)為(wei)東北風(feng)。風(feng)力年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)風(feng)速6.9米/秒，灣海(hai)地區(qu)全(quan)年(nian)大風(feng)（7級以上(shang)）日(ri)數為(wei)125天，是福建省(sheng)強風(feng)區(qu)之一。

生產情況

1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，時任平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)局(ju)長的馮立朝(chao)先生(sheng)，把家(jia)(jia)鄉的野生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)球莖送(song)往廈門市園(yuan)林部門，經(jing)鑒(jian)定(ding)確認為(wei)中國(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)之一(yi)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)從此得到(dao)人(ren)們的高(gao)度(du)(du)重(zhong)視并(bing)加以(yi)繼(ji)續(xu)培育(yu)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)，君(jun)山(shan)村(cun)野生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)經(jing)福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)亞熱帶(dai)作(zuo)(zuo)物研(yan)究(jiu)所檢驗鑒(jian)定(ding)為(wei)“單(dan)瓣(ban)玉玲瓏”，與漳州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)同(tong)種(zhong)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)科(ke)(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局(ju)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)外貿公司聯合撥(bo)款(kuan)，在(zai)君(jun)山(shan)村(cun)進(jin)(jin)行人(ren)工(gong)(gong)馴(xun)化試種(zhong)初獲(huo)成功。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)擴(kuo)種(zhong)3.8畝(mu)(mu)，并(bing)列入福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)莆田(tian)地(di)區(qu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“人(ren)工(gong)(gong)馴(xun)化”科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)計劃項目。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)，經(jing)福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)核(he)心組(zu)(zu)驗收，商品(pin)(pin)率(lv)達90%以(yi)上，出口合格率(lv)達65%以(yi)上，命名為(wei)“平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)”。當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，在(zai)君(jun)山(shan)村(cun)繼(ji)續(xu)擴(kuo)種(zhong)，同(tong)時在(zai)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)城水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)培育(yu)場，對(dui)大(da)(da)練(lian)公社月(yue)(yue)(yue)舉村(cun)的野生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)種(zhong)球進(jin)(jin)行異地(di)試種(zhong)，獲(huo)得成功。1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳(ting)把平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)列為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)良種(zhong)繁殖基(ji)地(di)，進(jin)(jin)行高(gao)產(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)質試驗。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)科(ke)(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)組(zu)(zu)織實施“野化水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)復(fu)壯培育(yu)研(yan)究(jiu)”。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)25～26日，經(jing)市科(ke)(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)組(zu)(zu)織專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)鑒(jian)定(ding)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)具有(you)抗逆性強、花(hua)(hua)箭多(duo)(duo)、花(hua)(hua)期長、氣味清香等特點。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)被國(guo)家(jia)(jia)計委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、農業(ye)(ye)(ye)部列為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)商品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)，在(zai)香港舉行的國(guo)際花(hua)(hua)展(zhan)上，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)獲(huo)“最(zui)佳展(zhan)品(pin)(pin)獎(jiang)”。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，種(zhong)植面積(ji)達75畝(mu)(mu)。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)種(zhong)植面積(ji)有(you)1000多(duo)(duo)畝(mu)(mu)。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)種(zhong)植面積(ji)達30多(duo)(duo)公頃(qing)，產(chan)(chan)球量(liang)達150萬粒(li)，產(chan)(chan)值達1000萬元。但(dan)是產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)總體發(fa)展(zhan)還是比較慢(man)，主(zhu)要(yao)是投資主(zhu)體單(dan)一(yi)、投資能力(li)較弱。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規模(mo)不夠強大(da)(da)，也導致對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)投入不足，宣傳力(li)度(du)(du)不夠大(da)(da)，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)未能形成自己的優(you)(you)質品(pin)(pin)牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。到(dao)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)種(zhong)植面積(ji)為(wei)300多(duo)(duo)畝(mu)(mu)，主(zhu)要(yao)分布(bu)在(zai)敖東、中樓和(he)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)城的海(hai)灘地(di)。為(wei)了重(zhong)振平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)，該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)除了推動(dong)注(zhu)冊(ce)“平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)”地(di)理(li)標志證明商標工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)工(gong)(gong)商局(ju)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)開發(fa)總公司還通過“商標+公司+農戶”模(mo)式(shi)，帶(dai)動(dong)平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，提升平(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)的知名度(du)(du)、競爭(zheng)力(li)和(he)價格水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)。

產品榮譽

1992年(nian)在“香港國(guo)(guo)際花(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”盛會(hui)上，十多個國(guo)(guo)家(jia)和(he)地區，以(yi)數(shu)千種(zhong)的名花(hua)(hua)(hua)異草參(can)(can)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)競秀(xiu)，“平潭水仙(xian)”作為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)獨(du)一無二(er)的水仙(xian)代(dai)表參(can)(can)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，榮(rong)獲“最佳展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)品獎”；接著參(can)(can)加(jia)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)協會(hui)舉辦的千種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)評獎大(da)(da)會(hui)，又獲得(de)一等(deng)獎。而(er)在中(zhong)南海(hai)、人(ren)民大(da)(da)會(hui)堂(tang)等(deng)重要場所，平潭水仙(xian)也爭奇斗(dou)艷(yan)，成為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)大(da)(da)型慶(qing)典活(huo)動、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)領導(dao)人(ren)接見(jian)外賓的迎春花(hua)(hua)(hua)、迎賓花(hua)(hua)(hua)。2003年(nian)在美國(guo)(guo)春季花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)銷會(hui)上，平潭水仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)開發總公(gong)司帶去的水仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)得(de)到很高評價，平潭水仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)自此走(zou)出國(guo)(guo)門，在國(guo)(guo)際花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉市場上凸顯(xian)其獨(du)特魅力。2007年(nian)底，平潭水仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)被納入地理(li)標(biao)志保(bao)護(hu)產品目錄，也是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)唯(wei)一獲得(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地理(li)標(biao)志保(bao)護(hu)的水仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。