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形態特征

由于(yu)(yu)平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)四面環海，獨特(te)的(de)(de)氣候、地理條件造就了(le)平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)三(san)大(da)(da)特(te)色：首先是花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)相對其他地區的(de)(de)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)長，據了(le)解(jie)，平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)平(ping)均花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)長達(da)18天之久(jiu)；其次(ci)是花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾數量多(duo)，香味濃郁持久(jiu)；第三(san)是平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)株型矮(ai)壯、健美，這也(ye)是它與漳州水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)區別，由于(yu)(yu)抗倒(dao)伏能力極(ji)強(qiang)，這一優勢便(bian)成了(le)平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)賣點。據專家考證，平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)歷經200多(duo)年的(de)(de)野(ye)化生存(cun)，在惡劣的(de)(de)自然環境中，遵(zun)循著生物界優勝劣汰的(de)(de)自然規則，其優良種性(xing)(xing)表現(xian)得(de)尤為突出(chu)，且人工(gong)馴(xun)化時間不長，其生態特(te)征(zheng)更(geng)(geng)具野(ye)性(xing)(xing)。在觀賞培(pei)育方面可塑性(xing)(xing)更(geng)(geng)強(qiang)，觀賞價值更(geng)(geng)高，素以花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)箭(jian)多(duo)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)長、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)味香、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)姿(zi)美而(er)聞名遐邇。更(geng)(geng)是因抗逆性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、病害少、抗倒(dao)伏和(he)不啞花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等特(te)點而(er)獲得(de)廣大(da)(da)栽培(pei)者的(de)(de)賞識。

生長環境

特(te)(te)殊的土壤結(jie)構，暖溫的氣(qi)候，多風的氣(qi)象(xiang)條件是(shi)形成(cheng)平潭水仙特(te)(te)殊品種的主要因素，是(shi)其它地區品種所無(wu)法替(ti)代的。

分布范圍

平(ping)潭縣(xian)(xian)簡稱“嵐”，形似(si)神(shen)獸麒(qi)麟，位于北(bei)緯25°15′—25°45′，東經119°32′—120°10′。東臨臺(tai)灣海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽，距臺(tai)灣新竹港僅68海(hai)(hai)(hai)里(li)，是福建省(sheng)(sheng)以及大(da)陸(lu)(lu)與臺(tai)灣距離最近的(de)島(dao)(dao)縣(xian)(xian)，西隔海(hai)(hai)(hai)壇海(hai)(hai)(hai)峽，與長(chang)樂、福清市、莆田縣(xian)(xian)為鄰，南(nan)近莆田縣(xian)(xian)的(de)南(nan)島(dao)(dao)，北(bei)望白犬列島(dao)(dao)。全縣(xian)(xian)由126個(ge)島(dao)(dao)嶼組成，陸(lu)(lu)地面積(ji)(ji)371.91平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)，灘涂64.65平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)域面積(ji)(ji)6000多(duo)平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)線長(chang)399.82公(gong)(gong)里(li)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)壇島(dao)(dao)是福建省(sheng)(sheng)第一大(da)島(dao)(dao)，中(zhong)國第五大(da)島(dao)(dao)，陸(lu)(lu)地面積(ji)(ji)267.13平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)。全縣(xian)(xian)島(dao)(dao)嶼多(duo)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)線蜿(wan)蜒曲折，其類型有基(ji)巖侵蝕海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)、紅(hong)土侵蝕海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)、沙質塘積(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)、沙泥質和混沙質塘積(ji)(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)(an)。

平(ping)潭屬(shu)南亞熱(re)帶(dai)海洋性季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候。夏(xia)長冬短，溫(wen)(wen)熱(re)濕潤，夏(xia)涼冬暖、霜雪罕見(jian)。春溫(wen)(wen)低于秋溫(wen)(wen)。多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)19.6℃，最冷日(ri)(ri)(ri)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)10.2℃；最熱(re)日(ri)(ri)(ri)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)27.9℃，全(quan)年≥10℃的(de)活動積溫(wen)(wen)有6563度(du)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照1919.7小(xiao)時。雨熱(re)同季(ji)，旱雨季(ji)節分明，多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)1172毫米，蒸發(fa)量(liang)1300毫米，為(wei)(wei)福建(jian)省(sheng)少雨區(qu)之一。季(ji)風(feng)明顯，夏(xia)季(ji)以偏南風(feng)為(wei)(wei)主，其余季(ji)節多(duo)為(wei)(wei)東北風(feng)。風(feng)力年平(ping)均(jun)風(feng)速6.9米/秒，灣海地區(qu)全(quan)年大(da)風(feng)（7級以上）日(ri)(ri)(ri)數為(wei)(wei)125天，是福建(jian)省(sheng)強(qiang)風(feng)區(qu)之一。

生產情況

1978年(nian)(nian)，時(shi)任平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局局長(chang)的(de)馮(feng)立朝先生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，把家(jia)鄉的(de)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)球莖送往廈門(men)市園林部門(men)，經鑒定(ding)確認為(wei)(wei)中國水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之一(yi)(yi)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)從此得到(dao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)高度重(zhong)視并加(jia)以(yi)繼續培育(yu)(yu)。1978年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)，君(jun)(jun)山(shan)村野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經福建(jian)省亞熱(re)帶(dai)作物研(yan)究(jiu)所檢驗鑒定(ding)為(wei)(wei)“單瓣玉玲瓏”，與漳州(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局、縣(xian)(xian)外(wai)貿公司聯合(he)撥款，在君(jun)(jun)山(shan)村進(jin)行(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)馴化試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)初(chu)獲成(cheng)功。1979年(nian)(nian)擴種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3.8畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，并列入福建(jian)省科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)和莆田(tian)地(di)區科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)馴化”科(ke)(ke)研(yan)計劃項目。次年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)，經福建(jian)省科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)核心組驗收，商品率(lv)達90%以(yi)上(shang)，出口合(he)格率(lv)達65%以(yi)上(shang)，命(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)”。當年(nian)(nian)，在君(jun)(jun)山(shan)村繼續擴種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，同(tong)時(shi)在潭(tan)(tan)城(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)培育(yu)(yu)場(chang)，對大練公社月(yue)舉(ju)村的(de)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)球進(jin)行(xing)異地(di)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獲得成(cheng)功。1981年(nian)(nian)福建(jian)省農業(ye)(ye)(ye)廳把平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)列為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖基地(di)，進(jin)行(xing)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)質試驗。1984年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)組織實施(shi)“野(ye)化水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)復壯培育(yu)(yu)研(yan)究(jiu)”。1987年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)25～26日，經市科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)組織專家(jia)鑒定(ding)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)具有抗逆(ni)性強、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)箭多(duo)(duo)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)長(chang)、氣味清香等特點(dian)。1989年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)被國家(jia)計委(wei)(wei)、農業(ye)(ye)(ye)部列為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)商品生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)。1992年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)，在香港舉(ju)行(xing)的(de)國際花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)上(shang)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)獲“最(zui)佳(jia)展(zhan)品獎”。1995年(nian)(nian)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積達75畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。2003年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積有1000多(duo)(duo)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。2008年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積達30多(duo)(duo)公頃，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)球量達150萬(wan)粒，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值達1000萬(wan)元。但是產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)發(fa)展(zhan)還(huan)是比(bi)較慢，主(zhu)要是投資主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)單一(yi)(yi)、投資能力(li)較弱(ruo)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)模不(bu)(bu)夠強大，也導致(zhi)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)科(ke)(ke)技投入不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，宣傳力(li)度不(bu)(bu)夠大，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)未(wei)能形成(cheng)自己的(de)優(you)質品牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品。到(dao)2010年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)300多(duo)(duo)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)，主(zhu)要分(fen)布在敖東、中樓和潭(tan)(tan)城(cheng)的(de)海(hai)灘地(di)。為(wei)(wei)了重(zhong)振平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)除(chu)了推動注冊“平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”地(di)理標志證明商標工(gong)作，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)工(gong)商局和縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開發(fa)總(zong)公司還(huan)通過“商標+公司+農戶”模式，帶(dai)動平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，提升平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)知名(ming)度、競爭力(li)和價格水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)。

產品榮譽

1992年在(zai)(zai)“香港國(guo)際花(hua)(hua)(hua)展”盛(sheng)會(hui)上，十多個(ge)國(guo)家和地(di)區(qu)，以數(shu)千種的(de)(de)(de)名花(hua)(hua)(hua)異(yi)草參(can)(can)展競秀(xiu)，“平(ping)潭水仙(xian)(xian)”作為中國(guo)獨(du)一無(wu)二(er)的(de)(de)(de)水仙(xian)(xian)代表參(can)(can)展，榮獲(huo)(huo)“最佳展品獎”；接著參(can)(can)加(jia)中國(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)展協會(hui)舉辦的(de)(de)(de)千種花(hua)(hua)(hua)評獎大(da)會(hui)，又獲(huo)(huo)得一等獎。而在(zai)(zai)中南海、人(ren)民大(da)會(hui)堂等重要(yao)場所，平(ping)潭水仙(xian)(xian)也(ye)爭(zheng)奇斗(dou)艷，成為國(guo)家大(da)型慶典活動、國(guo)家領導人(ren)接見外賓(bin)的(de)(de)(de)迎春花(hua)(hua)(hua)、迎賓(bin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。2003年在(zai)(zai)美(mei)國(guo)春季(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉展銷會(hui)上，平(ping)潭水仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)開發總公(gong)司(si)帶去的(de)(de)(de)水仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)得到(dao)很(hen)高評價，平(ping)潭水仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)自此走(zou)出國(guo)門(men)，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)際花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉市場上凸(tu)顯其(qi)獨(du)特魅力(li)。2007年底，平(ping)潭水仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)被納入地(di)理(li)標志保護(hu)產品目錄，也(ye)是中國(guo)唯一獲(huo)(huo)得國(guo)家地(di)理(li)標志保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)水仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。