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形態特征

由于平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)四面(mian)(mian)環海，獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)氣候、地理條件(jian)造(zao)就了平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)三(san)大特(te)(te)色：首先是(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)期相對其(qi)(qi)他地區的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)長，據了解，平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)平(ping)均花(hua)(hua)期長達18天之久；其(qi)(qi)次是(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)蕾數量多(duo)(duo)，香(xiang)味濃郁持久；第三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)株型矮壯(zhuang)、健美，這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)它與漳州水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)最大區別，由于抗(kang)倒伏(fu)能(neng)力(li)極強，這(zhe)一優勢便成了平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)最大賣點。據專家(jia)考證(zheng)，平(ping)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)歷經(jing)200多(duo)(duo)年的(de)(de)野化(hua)生(sheng)存，在惡(e)劣(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)自(zi)然環境中，遵(zun)循著生(sheng)物界優勝(sheng)劣(lie)(lie)汰的(de)(de)自(zi)然規則(ze)，其(qi)(qi)優良種性(xing)表(biao)現得(de)尤為突出，且人工馴化(hua)時(shi)間不(bu)長，其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)態特(te)(te)征更(geng)具野性(xing)。在觀賞培(pei)育方面(mian)(mian)可塑性(xing)更(geng)強，觀賞價值更(geng)高，素以花(hua)(hua)箭(jian)多(duo)(duo)、花(hua)(hua)期長、花(hua)(hua)味香(xiang)、花(hua)(hua)姿美而(er)聞名遐邇。更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因抗(kang)逆性(xing)強、病(bing)害少、抗(kang)倒伏(fu)和不(bu)啞花(hua)(hua)等特(te)(te)點而(er)獲得(de)廣大栽培(pei)者的(de)(de)賞識。

生長環境

特殊(shu)的(de)土壤結構，暖溫的(de)氣候，多風的(de)氣象(xiang)條件是(shi)形(xing)成平潭水(shui)仙特殊(shu)品種(zhong)的(de)主要因素，是(shi)其它地(di)區品種(zhong)所(suo)無法替代(dai)的(de)。

分布范圍

平(ping)潭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)簡稱“嵐”，形似神獸(shou)麒麟，位(wei)于北緯(wei)25°15′—25°45′，東(dong)經119°32′—120°10′。東(dong)臨臺灣海峽(xia)，距臺灣新竹港僅68海里(li)(li)，是福建(jian)省以及大(da)陸(lu)與臺灣距離(li)最近的島縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，西隔海壇海峽(xia)，與長樂、福清市(shi)、莆(pu)田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為鄰，南(nan)近莆(pu)田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的南(nan)島，北望白犬列島。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)由126個島嶼組(zu)成(cheng)，陸(lu)地面(mian)積(ji)371.91平(ping)方公里(li)(li)，灘涂64.65平(ping)方公里(li)(li)，海域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)6000多平(ping)方公里(li)(li)，海岸線長399.82公里(li)(li)。海壇島是福建(jian)省第(di)一大(da)島，中國第(di)五大(da)島，陸(lu)地面(mian)積(ji)267.13平(ping)方公里(li)(li)。全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)島嶼多，海岸線蜿蜒(yan)曲(qu)折，其類型有基巖侵(qin)(qin)蝕(shi)海岸、紅土侵(qin)(qin)蝕(shi)海岸、沙(sha)質塘積(ji)海岸、沙(sha)泥質和混沙(sha)質塘積(ji)海岸。

平潭屬南(nan)亞熱(re)帶海洋性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候。夏長冬短(duan)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)熱(re)濕(shi)潤，夏涼冬暖(nuan)、霜雪罕見(jian)。春溫(wen)(wen)(wen)低于秋溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。多(duo)年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)19.6℃，最冷日平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)10.2℃；最熱(re)日平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)27.9℃，全年≥10℃的活動積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)有6563度日，多(duo)年平均(jun)日照1919.7小時。雨(yu)熱(re)同季(ji)(ji)，旱雨(yu)季(ji)(ji)節分明，多(duo)年平均(jun)降水量1172毫(hao)米，蒸發(fa)量1300毫(hao)米，為福建省(sheng)少雨(yu)區(qu)(qu)之一。季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)明顯，夏季(ji)(ji)以偏南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)為主，其余季(ji)(ji)節多(duo)為東(dong)北(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)力年平均(jun)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速6.9米/秒，灣(wan)海地(di)區(qu)(qu)全年大風(feng)(feng)(feng)（7級(ji)以上）日數(shu)為125天，是福建省(sheng)強風(feng)(feng)(feng)區(qu)(qu)之一。

生產情況

1978年(nian)(nian)，時任平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)企業(ye)局(ju)局(ju)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馮立(li)朝先生，把家鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)球(qiu)莖送往廈(sha)門(men)市園林部門(men)，經(jing)鑒(jian)定(ding)確認為中國水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之一(yi)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)從(cong)此得到人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度(du)重(zhong)視并加以繼續(xu)培育。1978年(nian)(nian)8月，君(jun)(jun)山村野(ye)(ye)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)經(jing)福建省(sheng)亞熱(re)帶(dai)作物研究所檢(jian)驗(yan)鑒(jian)定(ding)為“單(dan)瓣玉玲瓏”，與漳州水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)10月，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)企業(ye)局(ju)、縣(xian)(xian)外(wai)貿公司聯合(he)撥款(kuan)，在(zai)君(jun)(jun)山村進行(xing)人(ren)(ren)工馴化試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)初獲(huo)成(cheng)功。1979年(nian)(nian)擴種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3.8畝，并列(lie)入福建省(sheng)科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)和莆田地(di)區科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)“人(ren)(ren)工馴化”科(ke)(ke)研計(ji)劃(hua)項目。次年(nian)(nian)6月，經(jing)福建省(sheng)科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)核心組驗(yan)收，商(shang)品率達90%以上(shang)，出口合(he)格(ge)率達65%以上(shang)，命名為“平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”。當年(nian)(nian)，在(zai)君(jun)(jun)山村繼續(xu)擴種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，同(tong)時在(zai)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)城(cheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)培育場，對(dui)大(da)(da)練(lian)公社月舉村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)進行(xing)異地(di)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獲(huo)得成(cheng)功。1981年(nian)(nian)福建省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)廳把平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)列(lie)為水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖基(ji)地(di)，進行(xing)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)質(zhi)試(shi)驗(yan)。1984年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)組織實(shi)施(shi)“野(ye)(ye)化水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)工復壯培育研究”。1987年(nian)(nian)12月25～26日，經(jing)市科(ke)(ke)委(wei)(wei)組織專家鑒(jian)定(ding)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)具(ju)有抗(kang)逆性強、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)箭多(duo)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期長、氣味清香等特點。1989年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)被國家計(ji)委(wei)(wei)、農(nong)業(ye)部列(lie)為水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)商(shang)品生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)。1992年(nian)(nian)3月，在(zai)香港舉行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國際花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)上(shang)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)獲(huo)“最佳展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)品獎”。1995年(nian)(nian)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積達75畝。2003年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積有1000多(duo)畝。2008年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積達30多(duo)公頃，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)球(qiu)量達150萬粒，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值達1000萬元。但(dan)是產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)總體發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)還是比(bi)較慢，主要是投資(zi)主體單(dan)一(yi)、投資(zi)能(neng)力(li)較弱。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)規模不(bu)夠(gou)強大(da)(da)，也(ye)導致對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)科(ke)(ke)技投入不(bu)足，宣傳力(li)度(du)不(bu)夠(gou)大(da)(da)，企業(ye)未(wei)能(neng)形成(cheng)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)品牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品。到2010年(nian)(nian)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積為300多(duo)畝，主要分布在(zai)敖東(dong)、中樓和潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海灘地(di)。為了(le)重(zhong)振平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，該縣(xian)(xian)除了(le)推動注冊“平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志證(zheng)明商(shang)標(biao)(biao)工作，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)工商(shang)局(ju)和縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開發總公司還通過“商(shang)標(biao)(biao)+公司+農(nong)戶(hu)”模式，帶(dai)動平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)，提升平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)名度(du)、競(jing)爭力(li)和價格(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)。

產品榮譽

1992年(nian)(nian)在“香港國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)展”盛(sheng)會(hui)上，十多個國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)和地區，以數千種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)名花(hua)(hua)(hua)異(yi)草參(can)展競(jing)秀，“平潭(tan)水(shui)仙”作為(wei)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)獨(du)一(yi)無二的(de)水(shui)仙代表參(can)展，榮獲“最佳(jia)展品獎”；接(jie)著參(can)加中國(guo)(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)展協會(hui)舉辦(ban)的(de)千種(zhong)(zhong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)評(ping)獎大(da)會(hui)，又(you)獲得一(yi)等(deng)獎。而在中南海、人民大(da)會(hui)堂等(deng)重要場所，平潭(tan)水(shui)仙也爭奇(qi)斗艷，成為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)大(da)型慶典(dian)活(huo)動、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)領(ling)導人接(jie)見外賓(bin)的(de)迎春花(hua)(hua)(hua)、迎賓(bin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。2003年(nian)(nian)在美國(guo)(guo)(guo)春季花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉展銷會(hui)上，平潭(tan)水(shui)仙花(hua)(hua)(hua)開發總公司帶去的(de)水(shui)仙花(hua)(hua)(hua)得到很高評(ping)價，平潭(tan)水(shui)仙花(hua)(hua)(hua)自此(ci)走出國(guo)(guo)(guo)門，在國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉市場上凸顯其獨(du)特魅力。2007年(nian)(nian)底，平潭(tan)水(shui)仙花(hua)(hua)(hua)被納入地理標(biao)(biao)志保護產品目錄，也是中國(guo)(guo)(guo)唯一(yi)獲得國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)地理標(biao)(biao)志保護的(de)水(shui)仙花(hua)(hua)(hua)。