一.產品介紹
德(de)(de)(de)(de)化為(wei)閩中(zhong)地(di)勢最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)。氣(qi)候(hou)為(wei)南亞熱(re)帶(dai)與中(zhong)亞熱(re)帶(dai)氣(qi)候(hou)過渡區(qu)(qu),氣(qi)候(hou)溫暖,四季分明。這樣特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境造(zao)就了德(de)(de)(de)(de)化黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi),德(de)(de)(de)(de)化黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)干(gan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)色澤淺黃(huang)色,條身緊長(chang)均(jun)勻飽(bao)滿,質(zhi)地(di)柔軟且有彈性,具有淡淡的(de)(de)(de)(de)清香(xiang)氣(qi)味,味鮮質(zhi)嫩。富(fu)含蛋白質(zhi)、膳食(shi)纖維、碳水化合物、氨基酸(suan)、胡蘿卜素等(deng)多種(zhong)營養物質(zhi)。據傳德(de)(de)(de)(de)化黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐代就開始種(zhong)植(zhi),清朝乾隆(long)十二年修編的(de)(de)(de)(de)德(de)(de)(de)(de)化縣(xian)志(zhi)記載(第133頁):“萱(xuan)一(yi)名鹿(lu)蔥。草(cao)(cao)之可(ke)以(yi)忘憂(you)者(zhe)。《本草(cao)(cao)》謂‘花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)名宜男’”。在(zai)(zai)(zai)德(de)(de)(de)(de)化,古時(shi)候(hou)游(you)子要(yao)遠(yuan)行(xing)時(shi),會在(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)植(zhi)萱(xuan)草(cao)(cao),希望母(mu)親減輕對(dui)孩子的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)念,忘卻(que)煩(fan)憂(you);而母(mu)親也會即將遠(yuan)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)子女準備(bei)蒸好曬(shai)干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)萱(xuan)草(cao)(cao),既寄思(si)念又可(ke)做路途上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)糧。孟郊(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)溧陽(yang)任江南溧陽(yang)慰時(shi),與德(de)(de)(de)(de)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)詩友高(gao)談闊論得(de)知這風俗習慣,又食(shi)得(de)這萱(xuan)草(cao)(cao),聯想到自己,有感于母(mu)子情,作(zuo)下(xia)《游(you)子吟》:“萱(xuan)草(cao)(cao)生堂階,游(you)子行(xing)天涯(ya);慈母(mu)倚堂門,不(bu)(bu)見萱(xuan)草(cao)(cao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”。這就是如(ru)今德(de)(de)(de)(de)化黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)被譽(yu)為(wei)“母(mu)親花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)源。 近幾(ji)年,德(de)(de)(de)(de)化黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)及加工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)得(de)到不(bu)(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)優化和(he)改良,德(de)(de)(de)(de)化黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)成為(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)化縣(xian)幾(ji)大經濟來(lai)源之一(yi)。2010年被農(nong)業部列入(ru)國家(jia)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)保護登記,全縣(xian)共有黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)基地(di)1.5萬畝,年產(chan)(chan)(chan)鮮花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)6100多噸,干(gan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)680多噸,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)主要(yao)銷往泉州市、廈(sha)門市以(yi)及臺灣、香(xiang)港等(deng)市場(chang),其產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)以(yi)脆而不(bu)(bu)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)享譽(yu)閩南傳統銷區(qu)(qu)。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土壤地貌(mao)情況:德化縣地勢(shi)(shi)較高(gao)(gao),地形復(fu)雜,屬(shu)中(zhong)低山(shan)地貌(mao)。福建省第二高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)戴(dai)云山(shan)主峰(feng)橫(heng)亙本縣中(zhong)部,故我縣有(you)閩中(zhong)屋脊之稱,地勢(shi)(shi)大致由中(zhong)部向(xiang)四(si)周傾斜,呈層狀(zhuang)逐級下降。具有(you)鮮明(ming)的(de)山(shan)地特色,散布在山(shan)中(zhong)的(de)山(shan)間(jian)小盆地,地勢(shi)(shi)比較平坦。土壤成土母(mu)質以酸性巖(yan)為(wei)主,土壤的(de)PH值在5.0—6.5之間(jian),有(you)機質含量在1.5—2.5%之間(jian),富含硼等(deng)多種微量元素。?
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:德(de)化縣屬于中亞熱(re)帶(dai)氣(qi)候區(qu),具(ju)有氣(qi)候溫(wen)涼適中,四(si)季分(fen)(fen)明,雨量(liang)(liang)充(chong)沛等(deng)特點(dian)(dian)。年降雨量(liang)(liang)均(jun)在(zai)1600-2000毫米(mi)(mi)之間,每年平均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)達25.059億立(li)方米(mi)(mi),平均(jun)年徑(jing)流深1000-1300毫米(mi)(mi),徑(jing)流分(fen)(fen)布由南向東逐(zhu)步遞減(jian),區(qu)域分(fen)(fen)布大(da)致南部多(duo)于北部,戴云山、石牛(niu)山南麓的(de)(de)赤水(shui)(shui)(shui)、雷峰、潯(xun)中等(deng)一帶(dai)為(wei)多(duo)雨區(qu),年降雨量(liang)(liang)1900-2100毫米(mi)(mi),而其北麓的(de)(de)大(da)銘、水(shui)(shui)(shui)口、葛坑一帶(dai)為(wei)少(shao)雨區(qu),平均(jun)年降雨量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1500-1600毫米(mi)(mi)。境內(nei)地(di)(di)區(qu)降雨量(liang)(liang)具(ju)有雨量(liang)(liang)多(duo)、強度大(da)、年際(ji)變(bian)化大(da)、年內(nei)分(fen)(fen)配不(bu)均(jun)勻、地(di)(di)域降雨量(liang)(liang)變(bian)化懸殊等(deng)特點(dian)(dian)。主要河(he)流有大(da)樟溪(xi)(xi)上(shang)游的(de)(de)產(chan)溪(xi)(xi)(潯(xun)水(shui)(shui)(shui))、涌(yong)溪(xi)(xi),晉江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)大(da)溪(xi)(xi)、畬寮溪(xi)(xi)。?
3、氣候情況:德化縣(xian)屬(shu)于中亞熱帶海洋性季風氣候,年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫15.6-19.5℃,年(nian)平均(jun)降水(shui)量1600毫米左右(you),日照時數(shu)1875.4小時。主要自然災害為(wei)霜(shuang)凍、暴(bao)雨、臺風等。?
4、人文歷(li)史情況:德(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)地處福建(jian)省第(di)二(er)大山(shan)脈戴云山(shan)脈主(zhu)(zhu)體部分,海拔1886米的(de)(de)戴云山(shan)主(zhu)(zhu)峰橫亙中(zhong)部,全縣(xian)以(yi)中(zhong)低山(shan)地為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),大部耕作(zuo)區(qu)(qu)海拔在(zai)500-1200米之(zhi)間,為(wei)閩中(zhong)地勢最高(gao)的(de)(de)縣(xian)份。氣候為(wei)南亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)與中(zhong)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)氣候過渡區(qu)(qu),氣候溫暖,四季(ji)分明,十分適宜黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)長。據傳(chuan)德(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)在(zai)唐(tang)代就開始(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),清(qing)(qing)朝乾隆十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)編(bian)的(de)(de)德(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)志記載(zai)(第(di)133頁):“萱一(yi)(yi)名(ming)鹿蔥(cong)。草(cao)之(zhi)可以(yi)忘憂者。《本草(cao)》謂‘花(hua)(hua)名(ming)宜男’”。長期以(yi)來本縣(xian)廣大勞(lao)動人民(min)不但將(jiang)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)作(zuo)為(wei)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)食用,而且還用來治療痛風、關節炎等疾病。德(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)于(yu)山(shan)清(qing)(qing)水秀(xiu)、生(sheng)態環(huan)境良好的(de)(de)戴云山(shan)下,有(you)著悠久的(de)(de)栽培歷(li)史,是(shi)本縣(xian)的(de)(de)名(ming)、優、特(te)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月通過農業(ye)部無公害農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng),2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)注冊了(le)“十八(ba)格(ge)”黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)商標,2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲(huo)福建(jian)省著名(ming)商標。2007年(nian)(nian)(nian),臺(tai)商張(zhang)(zhang)世澤(ze)(ze)先(xian)生(sheng)投資(zi)(zi)創辦“鑫春美(泉州)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)開發有(you)限公司”,總投資(zi)(zi)500萬元(yuan)(yuan),主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)對黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)深(shen)加工,提高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)附加值。臺(tai)商張(zhang)(zhang)世澤(ze)(ze)先(xian)生(sheng)是(shi)長期從事黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)的(de)(de)行(xing)家,他說(shuo):“他走(zou)遍了(le)我(wo)(wo)國黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)主(zhu)(zhu)要產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu),品(pin)(pin)(pin)嘗了(le)各(ge)地的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),感到只有(you)德(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)脆而不酸(suan),品(pin)(pin)(pin)質最好。所以(yi)才選擇在(zai)德(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)立黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)加工企業(ye)”。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月德(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)專業(ye)合作(zuo)社被福建(jian)省科技廳列為(wei)“省級科技特(te)派員示范(fan)基地”。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來,我(wo)(wo)縣(xian)開始(shi)大面(mian)(mian)積種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai),政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)并出(chu)臺(tai)政(zheng)(zheng)策鼓勵(li)農戶規模(mo)化(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)德(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)制定(ding)了(le)《德(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)關于(yu)加快農村土地流轉促進(jin)(jin)農業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)經營的(de)(de)意見(jian)》(德(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)[2009]106號),文中(zhong)規定(ding)每戶種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)30-50畝(mu)的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)補貼1000元(yuan)(yuan)、種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)50-80畝(mu)的(de)(de)補貼2000元(yuan)(yuan)、種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)80畝(mu)以(yi)上的(de)(de)補貼3000元(yuan)(yuan),一(yi)(yi)個村相對連片種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)1000畝(mu)且干品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達到100噸(dun)以(yi)上列入“一(yi)(yi)村一(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)”重點村進(jin)(jin)行(xing)扶(fu)持。有(you)力的(de)(de)促進(jin)(jin)了(le)我(wo)(wo)縣(xian)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)規模(mo)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)。現(xian)在(zai)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)已(yi)經成(cheng)為(wei)我(wo)(wo)縣(xian)最主(zhu)(zhu)要的(de)(de)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei),栽培面(mian)(mian)積2000公頃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量160萬公斤,年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值達800萬元(yuan)(yuan)。收獲(huo)期主(zhu)(zhu)要集中(zhong)在(zai)7月下旬-9月中(zhong)旬。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)主(zhu)(zhu)要銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)往(wang)泉州市(shi)、廈門市(shi)以(yi)及臺(tai)灣、香(xiang)港等市(shi)場,其(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)以(yi)脆而不酸(suan)的(de)(de)獨特(te)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質享譽閩南傳(chuan)統銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)。
三.地域范圍
德化黃(huang)花菜(cai)(又稱金針菜(cai)、萱草、忘憂(you)草、鹿(lu)蔥花、宜男花等)地理標(biao)志地域保護范圍包括(kuo)德化縣(xian)(xian)春美鄉(xiang)、大(da)銘鄉(xiang)、湯頭鄉(xiang)、上涌鎮(zhen)、龍潯鎮(zhen)等18個鎮(zhen)鄉(xiang)。德化縣(xian)(xian)位于福(fu)建中部,大(da)樟溪上游,泉州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)面。介于東(dong)(dong)經117゜56ˊ~118゜33ˊ,北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)25゜23ˊ~25゜57ˊ之(zhi)間。東(dong)(dong)與(yu)福(fu)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)永泰(tai)縣(xian)(xian)、莆田(tian)市(shi)(shi)仙(xian)游縣(xian)(xian)界(jie)連,南(nan)與(yu)永春縣(xian)(xian)毗(pi)鄰(lin),西與(yu)三明市(shi)(shi)大(da)田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤,北(bei)(bei)與(yu)三明市(shi)(shi)尤溪縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)鄰(lin)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)(zong)(zong)面積2219.72平方公里。黃(huang)花菜(cai)總(zong)(zong)(zong)生產(chan)(chan)面積2000公頃,總(zong)(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)160萬公斤,干品產(chan)(chan)量(liang)20萬公斤,總(zong)(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)值800萬元。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征
1、外在(zai)感官特征:德化黃花(hua)菜生長(chang)在(zai)戴(dai)云山(shan)麓,生產歷史悠久。干品色澤淺黃色,條身(shen)緊長(chang)均(jun)勻飽滿,質(zhi)地柔(rou)軟且有彈性,具有淡(dan)淡(dan)的清香氣(qi)味,味鮮質(zhi)嫩。?
2、內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao):德化黃花菜(cai)干(gan)品含水分≤15%、蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)13.0-15.0%、碳水化合(he)物39.6-45.0%、膳(shan)食纖維(wei)20.0-22.5%、胡蘿卜(bu)素18.6-21.0kg/mg。?
3、安全要求(qiu):德化黃花菜必須達(da)到 “無(wu)公害食品 干制(zhi)金針(zhen)菜”( NY5186—2002)的(de)衛生指(zhi)標(biao)。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
1、產地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze):選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)海拔(ba)500-1200米,土(tu)壤(rang)微(wei)酸(suan)性(xing)、質(zhi)地(di)疏(shu)松不(bu)粘(zhan)重、排水方便的旱地(di)或(huo)山坡地(di)種植。產地(di)要遠離工業“三廢”等(deng)污染源,土(tu)壤(rang)環境、灌溉水質(zhi)和空氣環境質(zhi)量(liang)應(ying)符合農業部(bu)制定(ding)的無公(gong)害(hai)蔬菜產地(di)環境標準。?
2、品(pin)種選(xuan)擇(ze)與特定要(yao)(yao)求:選(xuan)擇(ze)具德化黃花(hua)菜特征特性(xing),對種植時間較長、優(you)良種性(xing)出現退化的黃花(hua)菜要(yao)(yao)進行提純復壯(zhuang),保(bao)持本縣品(pin)種抗 性(xing)強、品(pin)質優(you)、產量高、適(shi)應性(xing)好的優(you)良種性(xing)。黃花(hua)菜干(gan)品(pin)要(yao)(yao)求色澤(ze)淺(qian)黃或金黃,質地新鮮無雜物,條(tiao)身緊(jin)長均勻粗壯(zhuang)。?
3、生(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)管理:德化黃花菜生(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)符合(he)《DB36/T467—2005無公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品 黃花菜生(sheng)產技(ji)術規(gui)程(cheng)》。黃花菜要求施足基(ji)肥(fei)(fei),早施苗肥(fei)(fei),重施薹肥(fei)(fei)。采收前(qian)15天停止施用肥(fei)(fei)料。病(bing)蟲害(hai)防治上禁用使用劇(ju)毒、高(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)殘留農藥(yao):嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)“中華人民(min)共和國農業部(bu)公(gong)告第199號”,按安全休藥(yao)期規(gui)定(ding)進行(xing)采收。?
4、產品收獲:德(de)化(hua)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜一般在(zai)7月(yue)中(zhong)旬至9月(yue)中(zhong)旬采收。干(gan)制黃(huang)(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)菜應在(zai)花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)發育(yu)飽滿、含苞未放、花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)中(zhong)部色澤金黃(huang)(huang)(huang)、兩端呈(cheng)綠色、頂端紫(zi)點褪去時采摘(zhai)最好。采摘(zhai)前對(dui)藥肥殘留及糖度進行(xing)抽樣檢驗(yan)。采摘(zhai)需(xu)暫存(cun)時宜(yi)選擇(ze)陰涼、干(gan)燥(zao)、通(tong)風的地方,運回后進行(xing)蒸(zheng)煮曬干(gan)或烘干(gan)。?
5、生(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)錄要求:如實(shi)記(ji)錄生(sheng)(sheng)產投入品,特別是化肥、農藥的名稱(cheng)、來源、用(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)量(liang)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)的日期(qi);收(shou)獲日期(qi);質量(liang)檢測(ce)情(qing)況(kuang);銷售情(qing)況(kuang)。生(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)錄應當(dang)保存兩年以(yi)上。