一.產品介紹
福(fu)建連(lian)城冠(guan)豸(zhi)山(shan)位于北緯25度,它特(te)有(you)的(de)丹霞地貌結構,及地理(li)環境(jing)特(te)別適合野生(sheng)(sheng)鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)長,因(yin)此鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)原生(sheng)(sheng)態種群(qun)分(fen)布(bu)廣泛。連(lian)城冠(guan)豸(zhi)山(shan)鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu),是多(duo)糖(tang)型藥(yao)用、食用、觀賞兼具的(de)珍稀草本植物(wu),其莖稈粗壯,莖皮(pi)薄,葉片厚,粘汁多(duo),脆而易折斷,口感香甜細(xi)膩,有(you)清熱解毒(du)、化(hua)瘀止血、提神解困、消(xiao)除疲勞(lao)、清咽(yan)護嗓、提高人體免疫力、抗氧化(hua)、防(fang)癌、改善(shan)糖(tang)尿病(bing)癥狀、緩解風濕(shi)類風濕(shi)等功效。經上(shang)海中(zhong)醫藥(yao)大(da)學藥(yao)物(wu)研究所(suo)權威檢測,冠(guan)豸(zhi)山(shan)野生(sheng)(sheng)鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)的(de)液相(xiang)圖譜(pu)與野生(sheng)(sheng)鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)圖譜(pu)高度吻合,富含有(you)多(duo)種微(wei)量(liang)元素,其中(zhong)植物(wu)多(duo)糖(tang)含量(liang)達54.3%,遠超(chao)國家(jia)標準(國標為25%),品質十(shi)分(fen)優(you)異。
2013年11月,連(lian)城(cheng)冠豸山(shan)鐵皮石斛(hu)榮獲國家(jia)農業部“國家(jia)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)保護農產品(pin)”稱號。連(lian)城(cheng)人(ren)開發利用(yong)(yong)石斛(hu)已(yi)(yi)有200多年歷史(shi),清嘉慶(qing)、道光年間,連(lian)城(cheng)民間已(yi)(yi)利用(yong)(yong)野生鮮石斛(hu)作涼茶退(tui)低燒、治喉痛、胃痛、止血(xue)排毒等。清朝末年,揭樂鄉呂屋村(cun)的謝(xie)(xie)志(zhi)濂(lian)到廣西百色(se)(se)開藥店(dian)行醫(yi),他(ta)精于用(yong)(yong)針灸和鐵皮石斛(hu)懸壺(hu)濟世,治病救(jiu)人(ren)。更(geng)因為(wei)醫(yi)德高尚,藝術高明,被(bei)譽為(wei)神醫(yi)。其時,百色(se)(se)地(di)區是全(quan)國石斛(hu)集散地(di),市(shi)場行情(qing)極(ji)好。其弟謝(xie)(xie)靜江(jiang)在他(ta)店(dian)里(li)幫(bang)忙(mang)打(da)理(li)業務,他(ta)們看(kan)到鐵皮石斛(hu)藥用(yong)(yong)價值高,銷路好,想起(qi)家(jia)鄉冠豸山(shan)的懸崖峭壁上“吊(diao)蘭”比(bi)比(bi)皆是,經過商(shang)量,謝(xie)(xie)志(zhi)濂(lian)留守(shou)店(dian)中(zhong),謝(xie)(xie)靜江(jiang)與侄兒(er)謝(xie)(xie)地(di)生回(hui)連(lian)城(cheng)雇請當(dang)地(di)善于攀(pan)爬的藥農上山(shan)采鐵皮石斛(hu),建起(qi)了連(lian)城(cheng)首家(jia)家(jia)族式加工(gong)楓(feng)斗(dou)的作坊。產品(pin)除了運往(wang)(wang)廣西百色(se)(se),還銷往(wang)(wang)杭州、上海、香港(gang)、泰國、新(xin)加坡、馬(ma)來(lai)西亞等地(di)。
冠(guan)豸山(shan)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)展以福(fu)建(jian)省連城冠(guan)江鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司、福(fu)建(jian)九益堂(tang)藥(yao)業有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司、福(fu)建(jian)連天福(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)科技(ji)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司等企業為(wei)龍頭(tou),冠(guan)豸山(shan)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)源為(wei)冠(guan)豸山(shan)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)源,是(shi)第一(yi)(yi)代原種(zhong)經過組培與(yu)馴化(hua)后,進(jin)行種(zhong)植,讓鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)苗回歸到大(da)自然繼續生(sheng)(sheng)長,保(bao)證(zheng)藥(yao)材的(de)(de)道地性,從(cong)而大(da)大(da)的(de)(de)提高了(le)(le)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)成品(pin)藥(yao)村的(de)(de)品(pin)質,堪與(yu)純天然野生(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)相媲美。如今,冠(guan)豸山(shan)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)產(chan)品(pin)除了(le)(le)有(you)傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)楓(feng)(feng)斗、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)花、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)粉還研創了(le)(le)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)葉(xie)茶(cha)、莖(jing)節(jie)茶(cha)、鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)香酥條(tiao)及鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)全枝干品(pin)飲(yin)料。特別是(shi)冠(guan)豸山(shan)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)莖(jing)節(jie)茶(cha)采用(yong)福(fu)建(jian)九益堂(tang)藥(yao)業有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司自主研創的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)技(ji)術、保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)(le)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)營養成分的(de)(de)同時(shi),可(ke)使石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中的(de)(de)內溶物(wu)可(ke)迅速溶于水,相比傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)楓(feng)(feng)斗具明顯優勢。作為(wei)目前全國唯一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)款可(ke)直(zhi)接沖(chong)泡便(bian)可(ke)飲(yin)用(yong)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)產(chan)品(pin),深受(shou)消費(fei)者喜歡。 目前,冠(guan)豸山(shan)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)產(chan)業迅速發(fa)展,加(jia)盟戶(hu)6000多戶(hu),年產(chan)值5億多元(yuan)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、土壤(rang)地(di)貌情況:冠(guan)(guan)豸山(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)皮石斛(hu)(hu)產地(di)地(di)域處于具有典型丹(dan)霞地(di)貌特征的(de)(de)國家(jia)4A級風景名勝區——冠(guan)(guan)豸山(shan)(shan),這里山(shan)(shan)巒(luan)起伏、青山(shan)(shan)綠(lv)水、空(kong)氣清新,適宜蘭(lan)科(ke)植物(wu)生長,野(ye)生石斛(hu)(hu)資源豐富(fu),山(shan)(shan)體母巖(yan)(yan)為砂礫巖(yan)(yan)、 紫色頁巖(yan)(yan)、云母巖(yan)(yan)、鉀長石等,土壤(rang)富(fu)含硒等對人體有益的(de)(de)礦(kuang)物(wu)質,產地(di)生態環境(jing)優越,具備發展品質獨特“冠(guan)(guan)豸山(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)皮石斛(hu)(hu)”生產的(de)(de)區域優勢(shi)。
2、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:冠(guan)豸(zhi)山屬中亞熱帶季風(feng)海(hai)洋性(xing)氣(qi)候(hou),夏(xia)無(wu)(wu)酷(ku)暑(shu),冬無(wu)(wu)嚴寒,夏(xia)長冬短,晝(zhou)夜溫差、濕差大(da),雨(yu)量充沛,雨(yu)熱同期。年平均實照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數為(wei)1915.9小時(shi)(shi),≥10℃年有效活動積(ji)溫為(wei)6492.9℃,年平均降雨(yu)量1833.9㎜,無(wu)(wu)霜期340天(tian)(tian)以上。這種氣(qi)候(hou)特點為(wei)冠(guan)豸(zhi)山鐵皮石斛生(sheng)長創造(zao)了優越(yue)的(de)環境,年生(sheng)長期達300天(tian)(tian),物(wu)質積(ji)累豐富,加之丹霞地貌(mao)巖石富含豐富礦物(wu)質,造(zao)就了冠(guan)豸(zhi)山鐵皮石斛的(de)特異性(xing)。
三.地域范圍
冠(guan)豸(zhi)山鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)(hu)地(di)域保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍(wei)包括:連城縣轄區(qu)內(nei)的蓮峰鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、北(bei)團(tuan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、姑(gu)田鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、文亨鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、莒(ju)溪(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、朋(peng)口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)東(dong)部、新(xin)泉(quan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)東(dong)部、廟前(qian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)東(dong)部、林(lin)坊鄉、曲溪(xi)鄉、賴源鄉、宣和(he)鄉東(dong)部、隔(ge)川鄉、羅坊鄉大(da)部、四堡鄉東(dong)南部、揭樂鄉、塘前(qian)鄉,8鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、9鄉。介于東(dong)經116°32'14"~116°36'38",北(bei)緯25°20'23"~25°52′48"之間。東(dong)至(zhi)賴源鄉;西至(zhi)宣和(he)鄉;南至(zhi)莒(ju)溪(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen);北(bei)至(zhi)四堡鄉。東(dong)西最寬57公(gong)里,南北(bei)最長(chang)66公(gong)里。總(zong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)土地(di)面積(ji)2100平方公(gong)里,人工種植(zhi)面積(ji)2300畝(mu),鮮品(pin)年總(zong)產量920 噸。其中,冠(guan)豸(zhi)山鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)(hu)種質資源保(bao)護(hu)(hu)核心區(qu)域位(wei)于冠(guan)豸(zhi)山周(zhou)圍(wei),面積(ji)250平方公(gong)里。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性特征(zheng)
植物(wu)學特征冠(guan)豸山鐵皮(pi)(pi)石斛(hu)(hu)為(wei)蘭科石斛(hu)(hu)屬。表皮(pi)(pi)紫(zi)(zi)色(se)(se),莖(jing)(jing)(jing)桿外(wai)表灰白、有黃(huang)(huang)紫(zi)(zi)銹(xiu)點色(se)(se)縱紋,叢生(sheng)(sheng),圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing),不(bu)(bu)分(fen)枝、多節(jie),節(jie)間(jian)距長(chang)短(duan)(duan)不(bu)(bu)等(deng),成熟(shu)枝條長(chang)0—5cm,粗(cu)mm一(yi)(yi)7mm,間(jian)節(jie).5cm;幼嫩莖(jing)(jing)(jing)長(chang)5cm一(yi)(yi)7cm,肥壯飽滿,直徑0.5—0.8cm不(bu)(bu)等(deng),當年生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)5枚(mei)一(yi)(yi)0枚(mei),葉(xie)鞘帶(dai)肉質(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)于莖(jing)(jing)(jing)節(jie)上,長(chang)圓(yuan)狀披(pi)(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing),紙質(zhi),長(chang)7cm,寬9mm一(yi)(yi)5mm,葉(xie)鞘抱莖(jing)(jing)(jing),幼嫩時(shi)呈紫(zi)(zi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se),老(lao)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)葉(xie)鞘有紫(zi)(zi)紅色(se)(se)斑(ban)點分(fen)布,呈列(lie),長(chang)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)略彎(wan)垂。花(hua)序生(sheng)(sheng)于二年生(sheng)(sheng)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)上部(bu)(bu)或莖(jing)(jing)(jing)頂,花(hua)序軸稍折(zhe)曲,五角形(xing)、大小(xiao)相(xiang)似、生(sheng)(sheng)無葉(xie)反側節(jie)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)部(bu)(bu)上,花(hua)序柄長(chang)4cm一(yi)(yi)8cm,有朵(duo)一(yi)(yi)5朵(duo)花(hua),直徑5cm,萼(e)片(pian)花(hua)瓣(ban)淡(dan)黃(huang)(huang)金(jin)色(se)(se),唇(chun)瓣(ban)近白色(se)(se)而上部(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)個紫(zi)(zi)紅色(se)(se)大斑(ban)塊,下部(bu)(bu)兩側是(shi)(shi)紫(zi)(zi)紅色(se)(se)條紋;中萼(e)片(pian)與花(hua)瓣(ban)相(xiang)似,矩圓(yuan)狀披(pi)(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing),長(chang)7cm一(yi)(yi)9cm,寬4mm—5mm;萼(e)囊(nang)圓(yuan)錐形(xing),長(chang)5mm;唇(chun)瓣(ban)卵狀披(pi)(pi)針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing),長(chang)6cm不(bu)(bu)明顯裂或不(bu)(bu)裂;唇(chun)盤上密(mi)被(bei)乳(ru)突狀短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)毛,基部(bu)(bu)有一(yi)(yi)枚(mei)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)胼(pian)胝體。蕊(rui)(rui)柱(zhu)(zhu)粗(cu)短(duan)(duan),基部(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)蕊(rui)(rui)柱(zhu)(zhu)足,蕊(rui)(rui)喙很(hen)小(xiao),花(hua)粉(fen)團蠟質(zhi),卵形(xing),4個,離生(sheng)(sheng),每個為(wei)l對。子房下位(wei)。花(hua)期(qi)5—7月,萼(e)片(pian)花(hua)瓣(ban)淡(dan)黃(huang)(huang)金(jin)色(se)(se),0月一(yi)(yi)月成熟(shu)果(guo)(guo)實(蒴果(guo)(guo))橢圓(yuan)形(xing),長(chang)5cm,直徑0.4cm一(yi)(yi)0.9 cm,果(guo)(guo)外(wai)有棱,未成熟(shu)時(shi)為(wei)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se),成熟(shu)時(shi)漸轉黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)至(zhi)淡(dan)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se),內含極多細(xi)(xi)小(xiao)種子,呈金(jin)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)細(xi)(xi)粉(fen)狀,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)一(yi)(yi)個果(guo)(guo)實有種子幾(ji)萬(wan)粒。冠(guan)豸山石斛(hu)(hu)最大特征是(shi)(shi)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)基底部(bu)(bu)粗(cu)壯,黑節(jie)明顯,表面紫(zi)(zi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)光滑或有縱紋。
野(ye)生(sheng)的(de)鐵(tie)皮石(shi)(shi)斛氣生(sheng)根發達(da),多附(fu)生(sheng)于(yu)海(hai)拔00米以上高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)的(de)懸崖峭壁和巖石(shi)(shi)縫隙之間,或山地(di)濕潤(run)的(de)林中長(chang)(chang)滿苔蘚、爬(pa)滿野(ye)藤、直(zhi)徑粗的(de)闊葉(xie)樹上原生(sheng)性(xing)闊葉(xie)樹林之中,喜高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)熱(re)、陰濕潤(run)的(de)環境(jing)背光(guang)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang),不耐(nai)寒,通常與(yu)地(di)衣、蕨類和蘚類植物互生(sheng)。適(shi)宜在(zai)空氣相對(dui)濕度(du)(du)大于(yu)70%的(de)環境(jing)下生(sheng)長(chang)(chang),生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)適(shi)溫(wen)(wen)7~0℃,最適(shi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)6~℃,白天氣溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)0~5℃,晚間溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)0~℃最佳。白天溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)超過0℃對(dui)石(shi)(shi)斛生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)影響不大,冬(dong)季溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)不低于(yu)0℃。幼苗(miao)在(zai)0℃以下容易受凍,對(dui)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)環境(jing)條件(jian)要求苛刻。休(xiu)眠期0~月。野(ye)生(sheng)鐵(tie)皮的(de)自然(ran)繁殖能力(li)低、生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)緩慢,目前已禁止(zhi)采摘。
①外在感(gan)官(guan)冠(guan)豸(zhi)山鐵皮石斛鮮品表(biao)皮呈褐鐵色(se)(se),成(cheng)熟(shu)枝條具紫紅色(se)(se)斑點,葉(xie)鞘不完全包被(bei)形成(cheng)明顯的(de)環狀間隙,莖略彎垂(chui),莖基底部(bu)粗壯;花(hua)期5-7月,萼(e)片花(hua)瓣(ban)淡黃(huang)金(jin)色(se)(se);肉質堅(jian)實,易(yi)折斷(duan),斷(duan)口平整(zheng);多膠多汁(zhi),纖維少,久嚼粘滯(zhi)感(gan)強,口感(gan)香(xiang)甜,味微甘;質地柔(rou)軟,加工楓斗色(se)(se)澤(ze)金(jin)黃(huang),成(cheng)品率高(gao),規格好,咀嚼渣少,粘液(ye)豐(feng)富,氣(qi)味香(xiang)。
②內在品質(zhi)多糖(tang)(tang)以無(wu)水葡萄(tao)糖(tang)(tang)計(ji)≥5%,甘露糖(tang)(tang)%-8%,甘露糖(tang)(tang)與葡萄(tao)糖(tang)(tang)的峰面積(ji)比4-8.0,水分≤.0%,總(zong)灰分≤6.0%。入市冠豸(zhi)山鐵皮石斛必須達到(dao)《中華(hua)人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國藥典》00版的要求。
五.特定生產方式(shi)
1、產地要(yao)求(qiu):符合NY/T391《綠色食品 產地環境技(ji)術條件》的要(yao)求(qiu),選(xuan)擇自然植被豐富,空氣清(qing)新,水源清(qing)潔的良好生態(tai)環境作冠(guan)豸(zhi)山鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)的生產基地。
2、品種選(xuan)擇:冠豸山鐵皮(pi)石(shi)斛。
3、種植方式: 分為地(di)栽、盆栽、架(jia)栽、樹(shu)栽等;商品性冠豸山鐵(tie)皮石斛以(yi)地(di)栽、架(jia)栽為主(zhu),種苗繁育以(yi)組(zu)織(zhi)培(pei)養(yang)、扦插繁殖為主(zhu)。
4、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)控(kong)制:“冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的全過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),包括生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地選擇、基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)配方及(ji)其(qi)處理(li),栽種、管理(li)、收獲等。其(qi)中,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理(li)的農(nong)業投入品(pin)有肥(fei)料(liao)與農(nong)藥(yao),將(jiang)嚴(yan)格按(an)照NY/T394《綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)肥(fei)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)準則(ze)》和NY/T393《綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)準則(ze)》執(zhi)行,同時,做好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)檔案(an),即在“冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中,各項農(nong)事活動(dong),農(nong)業投入品(pin)的購買、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)情(qing)況,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的加工(gong)與銷(xiao)售情(qing)況,將(jiang)嚴(yan)格進(jin)行記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)造冊,建(jian)立“冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)可追(zhui)溯制度。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)應符合《冠(guan)豸(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術規范》要(yao)求。如實記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)投入品(pin)的名稱、來源(yuan)、用(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)、停(ting)用(yong)(yong)的日期(qi)、收獲日期(qi)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢測情(qing)況、加工(gong)情(qing)況、銷(xiao)售情(qing)況、溫(wen)濕調(diao)控(kong)情(qing)況,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)應保存2年。
5、產品采收加(jia)工:
①采收:冠豸(zhi)山鐵皮石斛在(zai)每年(nian)春(chun)末(mo)植株萌芽前(11月至次年(nian)2月)采收,有采舊留(liu)新和全草(cao)采收兩(liang)種(zhong)方式。實行采舊留(liu)新的(de),采收時剪(jian)下(xia)(xia)2年(nian)以上的(de)地(di)上部分莖(jing)枝,留(liu)下(xia)(xia)嫩莖(jing)讓其繼續生長。
②加工(gong):將剪下(xia)的(de)鐵皮石斛鮮品去除雜質、根、花序梗、剝去葉鞘,短(duan)條(tiao)留(liu)用(yong),長條(tiao)切成7-10厘米(mi)的(de)短(duan)段,放(fang)入沸水(shui)略(lve)燙(tang),撈出晾干后放(fang)入簸箕,底下(xia)放(fang)一(yi)盆炭火60℃以下(xia)低溫(wen)烘(hong)干,含(han)水(shui)量11﹪,表面至棕(zong)黃(huang)色即可。后將其(qi)用(yong)手工(gong)卷(juan)曲,再用(yong)稻草桿捆扎(zha)使其(qi)卷(juan)曲緊密(mi),不至散開,形態均勻美觀。新鮮的(de)原料經過手工(gong)作坊卷(juan)曲、捆扎(zha)、炙烤(kao)烘(hong)干,就制成了“楓斗”。