簡介
茯(fu)苓是(shi)名(ming)(ming)貴(gui)中(zhong)藥(yao)珍(zhen)品(pin)(pin),也是(shi)治(zhi)療多種疾病的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)配伍藥(yao)。史(shi)有中(zhong)藥(yao)材"白銀"之(zhi)冠名(ming)(ming),對人體(ti)具(ju)有極高的(de)抗(kang)癌、抗(kang)衰、固(gu)精、保腎等藥(yao)食保健功能。《神(shen)農本草經》中(zhong)把(ba)茯(fu)苓列為上品(pin)(pin),是(shi)中(zhong)藥(yao)的(de)"八(ba)珍(zhen)"之(zhi)一(yi)。商茯(fu)苓主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)產于大(da)別山區的(de)原始森(sen)林,以體(ti)大(da)、色亮、澤瑩、質(zhi)優、生產歷史(shi)悠(you)久而享譽(yu)全國,商城(cheng)也因此一(yi)直享有茯(fu)苓之(zhi)鄉的(de)美譽(yu)。
歷史
中(zhong)國是利用真菌治病最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)國家之(zhi)一,茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥用歷(li)史已有(you)(you)2000多年。早在1000多年前的(de)(de)(de)(de)《神農本(ben)草經(jing)》中(zhong)就記(ji)載有(you)(you)茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥用價值(zhi),宋朝唐慎微的(de)(de)(de)(de)《重(zhong)修政和經(jing)史證類(lei)備用本(ben)草》和明朝李(li)時珍的(de)(de)(de)(de)《本(ben)草綱目》等書中(zhong)對茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功用也(ye)都有(you)(you)詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)敘述.商城(cheng)縣有(you)(you)關茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)藥用的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載也(ye)有(you)(you)400多年,清(qing)嘉慶八年《商城(cheng)縣志(zhi)》載:"淮(huai)南(nan)子千年之(zhi)松下有(you)(you)茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling),邑南(nan)山(shan)亦(yi)有(you)(you)之(zhi)赤(chi)白二種(zhong),其抱松者曰(yue)茯(fu)(fu)神"("茯(fu)(fu)神"是野(ye)生茯(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong))。
商茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)醫用(yong)(yong)(yong)、食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、保(bao)健品三(san)個方(fang)面(mian)(mian),醫用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),商茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)菌核入藥,且各部(bu)分的(de)治療功用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)所不(bu)同。茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)外皮,稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)皮,長于(yu)利(li)水消腫,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治水腫,小(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)不(bu)利(li);內部(bu)淡紅色的(de)部(bu)分,稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)赤(chi)茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling),長于(yu)清利(li)濕熱,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治濕熱泄瀉,小(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)不(bu)利(li)等(deng)(deng)癥(zheng)(zheng);切去赤(chi)茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)后的(de)白色部(bu)分稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)白茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling),長于(yu)利(li)水滲濕、健脾補(bu)中(zhong)、寧(ning)(ning)心安(an)神(shen)(shen),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治脾虛濕盛、小(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)不(bu)利(li)、食(shi)少(shao)脘(wan)悶、痰(tan)飲咳嗽、心悸失(shi)眠等(deng)(deng)癥(zheng)(zheng);白茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)中(zhong)心穿有(you)細(xi)松(song)木(mu)者,稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)神(shen)(shen),長于(yu)寧(ning)(ning)心安(an)神(shen)(shen),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治心悸失(shi)眠;茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)神(shen)(shen)中(zhong)的(de)木(mu)心,稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)神(shen)(shen)木(mu)。現(xian)代藥理研究證明:茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)有(you)鎮靜、利(li)尿(niao)、降血糖(tang)、抑菌、強(qiang)心、預(yu)防胃(wei)潰(kui)瘍以及抗腫瘤與(yu)增(zeng)強(qiang)免疫功能的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)制劑對(dui)鼻咽(yan)癌(ai)、胃(wei)癌(ai)、肝(gan)癌(ai)等(deng)(deng)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),由于(yu)茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)富(fu)含(han)蛋白質、碳水化(hua)合物(wu)、脂肪及多糖(tang)類(lei)(lei),因此其自古被(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)食(shi)品。一些(xie)常見食(shi)品"茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)酥"、"茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)霜(shuang)"、"八珍糕"、"山藥茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)包子"、"茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)粥"等(deng)(deng),都是(shi)以茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)為原料,一直(zhi)為人們(men)所喜好。商城民間習慣用(yong)(yong)(yong)茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)制作(zuo)的(de)食(shi)品也(ye)不(bu)少(shao),如(ru)"茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)酒"、"茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)夾"、"八珍酥糖(tang)"、"茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)掛面(mian)(mian)"等(deng)(deng),至今還是(shi)人們(men)每逢節日招待(dai)親(qin)友、饋贈鄉鄰的(de)佳品。保(bao)健品方(fang)面(mian)(mian),目前我國開發出的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)作(zuo)原料的(de)保(bao)建品主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)五(wu)個條列(lie):一是(shi)營(ying)養口服液(ye)類(lei)(lei),如(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)花莖多糖(tang)作(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要成分的(de)"寶(bao)力"營(ying)養液(ye)和福壽仙、天然口服液(ye)等(deng)(deng);二(er)是(shi)保(bao)健飲料,如(ru)茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)可樂等(deng)(deng)。三(san)是(shi)保(bao)健茶類(lei)(lei),如(ru)茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)袋泡茶等(deng)(deng);四是(shi)茯(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)苓(ling)(ling)(ling)滋補(bu)酒;五(wu)是(shi)保(bao)健膠(jiao)囊類(lei)(lei),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)治療乙(yi)肝(gan)、糖(tang)尿(niao)病等(deng)(deng)。
標記注冊
商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)縣有大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)野生茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling),主要(yao)(yao)寄生在(zai)馬(ma)尾松(song)(song)等松(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)根際,人工(gong)栽培(pei)于窖在(zai)地(di)(di)下的(de)(de)松(song)(song)木(mu)(椴木(mu)或樹兜)上。在(zai)抗日戰爭前,商(shang)(shang)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)野生年產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)近(jin)500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin),遠銷國內外。到(dao)1949年,下降到(dao)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)。建(jian)國后(hou),茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)生產(chan)(chan)得(de)到(dao)恢(hui)復和發展,年產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)穩定(ding)在(zai)60萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)之(zhi)間。2003年,茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)收購量(liang)(liang)達(da)到(dao)500多噸。商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)縣森(sen)林面(mian)積120萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝,森(sen)林覆蓋(gai)率達(da)38.12%,高于全國和全省(sheng)的(de)(de)平均值,其(qi)中茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)寄生源(yuan)馬(ma)尾松(song)(song)占林地(di)(di)總面(mian)積的(de)(de)71.8%,達(da)到(dao)68萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝。適宜的(de)(de)生態、良好的(de)(de)氣候條件(jian)、肥沃的(de)(de)森(sen)林土(tu)壤(rang),造(zao)就了(le)商(shang)(shang)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)優(you)良地(di)(di)道的(de)(de)品質,加上豐(feng)富地(di)(di)野生和人工(gong)栽培(pei)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)資源(yuan),使(shi)得(de)商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)縣成(cheng)為河南省(sheng)的(de)(de)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di),并且是全國茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)主產(chan)(chan)區之(zhi)一。商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)以其(qi)優(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)品質,精(jing)細的(de)(de)加工(gong),形成(cheng)了(le)自己獨到(dao)的(de)(de)特色(se),在(zai)國內外市場久負盛(sheng)名,"茯(fu)苓(ling)(ling)之(zhi)鄉"的(de)(de)美名越傳(chuan)越廣(guang)。