品質特征
正(zheng)(zheng)陽花(hua)生以(yi)優質珍珠豆型(xing)特色著稱(cheng),花(hua)生米粒外(wai)觀整齊,含(han)油(you)(you)量高(gao)達55%以(yi)上(shang),比其(qi)它品種(zhong)高(gao)8-10個百分點(dian),含(han)蛋白質28%左右,且富含(han)有17種(zhong)人體必需的氨基酸。正(zheng)(zheng)陽花(hua)生用于(yu)榨(zha)油(you)(you)出(chu)油(you)(you)率高(gao),加工(gong)效(xiao)益好(hao),加工(gong)的食(shi)品或炒貨具有香、酥、脆的突出(chu)特點(dian),細膩(ni)好(hao)吃,是內銷加工(gong),外(wai)銷出(chu)口的優質原料。正(zheng)(zheng)陽花(hua)生產品已遠銷到湖南、廣(guang)東(dong)、廣(guang)西、山東(dong)、江蘇、福建(jian)、河北等(deng)省市,并轉港出(chu)口到日本、韓國、東(dong)南亞等(deng)國家和地區,深受外(wai)商(shang)青睞。
簡介
正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng),河(he)南省正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)縣(xian)特產(chan),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)產(chan)品,正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)以(yi)優質珍珠豆型特色著稱(cheng),花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)米粒外(wai)觀整(zheng)齊,含油量(liang)高,營養豐富,加(jia)工后口味好(hao)。2004年(nian)注冊的"正(zheng)(zheng)花(hua)(hua)"牌(pai)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)被(bei)河(he)南省人民政府批準為(wei)"河(he)南省名牌(pai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品"。2010年(nian)在北京舉行(xing)的"首屆中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品區(qu)域公用品牌(pai)建(jian)設論壇"會上,河(he)南省的"正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)"以(yi)16.82億元的品牌(pai)價(jia)值,位(wei)居農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品區(qu)域公用品牌(pai)價(jia)值評(ping)估(gu)百強(qiang)榜(bang)第36位(wei),正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)縣(xian)被(bei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)統計(ji)局認(ren)定為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)種植第一(yi)大縣(xian),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)油料百強(qiang)縣(xian)之一(yi)。2008年(nian)3月,"正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)"通過國(guo)(guo)家(jia)質檢總局地(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)專家(jia)評(ping)審委(wei)員會評(ping)審,正(zheng)(zheng)式納入原產(chan)地(di)(di)保護,成為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)保護產(chan)品。
地理標志保護
保護范圍
正(zheng)陽(yang)花生地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志產品保護(hu)范圍以河(he)南(nan)省(sheng)正(zheng)陽(yang)縣(xian)人民(min)政府《關(guan)于(yu)確定正(zheng)陽(yang)花生地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志產品保護(hu)范圍的通知》(正(zheng)政文〔2007〕76號)提出的范圍為準(zhun),為河(he)南(nan)省(sheng)正(zheng)陽(yang)縣(xian)真陽(yang)鎮(zhen)、慎水鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新阮店鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、油坊店鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、汝南(nan)埠鎮(zhen)、永興鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、傅寨(zhai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、寒凍(dong)鎮(zhen)、袁寨(zhai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、王勿橋(qiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、彭橋(qiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、雷寨(zhai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蘭青鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、呂(lv)河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、熊寨(zhai)鎮(zhen)、銅鐘鎮(zhen)等16個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)所轄行(xing)政區(qu)域。
專用標志使用
正(zheng)陽花生地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)保護范圍內的生產者(zhe),可向河南省正(zheng)陽縣質量技(ji)術(shu)監督局提出(chu)使(shi)用(yong)"地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)專用(yong)標(biao)志(zhi)"的申(shen)請,由(you)國家質檢(jian)總局公告(gao)批準。
種植歷史
正陽花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植歷史悠(you)久。最早可追溯到(dao)清光緒年(nian)間,20世紀60年(nian)代(dai)開始種(zhong)(zhong)植,20世紀90年(nian)代(dai)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)(ji)發展到(dao)100萬(wan)畝以(yi)上(shang),1998年(nian)以(yi)來穩(wen)定在120萬(wan)畝左右,占全縣秋作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)60%以(yi)上(shang),最高年(nian)份可達150萬(wan)畝以(yi)上(shang)。進入21世紀,花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)(ji)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量連續多年(nian)位(wei)居全國(guo)(guo)(guo)第一,是全國(guo)(guo)(guo)珍珠(zhu)豆(dou)型花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規模最大、最集中的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu),相繼被國(guo)(guo)(guo)家統計局認定為"全國(guo)(guo)(guo)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)第一大縣"、"全國(guo)(guo)(guo)油料生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)冠軍縣"、"全國(guo)(guo)(guo)油料生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)百(bai)強縣"等稱號。2000年(nian)"全國(guo)(guo)(guo)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)交易會"在正陽縣召開。2004年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)(ji)為120萬(wan)畝。
種植技術
2009以前,該(gai)縣花(hua)生品(pin)種(zhong)主要(yao)是農(nong)家品(pin)種(zhong)"白莎1016"、"紅花(hua)一號(hao)"。2009
年以來,逐步(bu)推廣新篩選的早熟(shu)高產、優質(zhi)專用型(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)品(pin)種"魯花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)9號"、"魯花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)13號"、"遠(yuan)雜(za)9102號"、"中(zhong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)5號"、"中(zhong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)8號"進(jin)行換(huan)代,珍珠豆型(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)品(pin)種占該(gai)縣花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)種植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)的95%以上。2004年遠(yuan)雜(za)9102種植(zhi)(zhi)10萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),總(zong)產2400萬(wan)公(gong)斤;白沙1016種植(zhi)(zhi)80萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),總(zong)產17600萬(wan)公(gong)斤;魯花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)13種植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)14萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),總(zong)產3020萬(wan)公(gong)斤;中(zhong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)8號種植(zhi)(zhi)8萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),總(zong)產1840萬(wan)公(gong)斤。
2009年左右(you)開始,正(zheng)陽花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)已由傳統落后的(de)(de)平作(zuo)粗放種(zhong)植方式向(xiang)壟作(zuo)、地(di)膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋栽(zai)培模式發展。推(tui)廣了(le)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋、化(hua)學除草(cao)及一穴(xue)雙粒(li)技術。其(qi)(qi)中花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)膜(mo)覆(fu)蓋面積已累計推(tui)廣1萬畝以上;化(hua)學除草(cao)技術應用(yong)面積已達種(zhong)植面積的(de)(de)90%以上。95%以上的(de)(de)面積已達到了(le)機(ji)械(xie)化(hua)播種(zhong)及半機(ji)械(xie)化(hua)收(shou)獲、脫粒(li)加工。推(tui)了(le)廣高效低毒低殘留(liu)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)栽(zai)培技術,尤其(qi)(qi)是花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)根瘤(liu)菌(jun)肥的(de)(de)應用(yong),正(zheng)陽花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)將從(cong)高殘留(liu)、污(wu)染型農(nong)業向(xiang)綠(lv)色環保型生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態農(nong)業發展。2003年正(zheng)陽縣被批準為河南省(sheng)(sheng)首家"農(nong)業標(biao)準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)示范縣"。2004年經河南省(sheng)(sheng)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認定委員會(hui)認定已建(jian)立(li)1萬畝無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)優質花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di),開發利(li)用(yong)前景(jing)極為廣闊。
正陽縣(xian)從2000開始(shi)先后從中國農(nong)科(ke)院油料所(suo)、山東(dong)省(sheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)研(yan)究所(suo)、山東(dong)農(nong)業大(da)學等大(da)專(zhuan)院校(xiao)及科(ke)研(yan)單(dan)位引進花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新(xin)品種(系)50多個進行(xing)試驗展示;建立了100畝(mu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高產(chan)開發(fa)規范(fan)(fan)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)示范(fan)(fan)田、100畝(mu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新(xin)技術試驗基(ji)地和50畝(mu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新(xin)品種試驗基(ji)地,為(wei)該縣(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的優質高產(chan)開發(fa)積累(lei)了豐富(fu)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經驗。
銷售情況
正(zheng)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)第(di)一(yi)大縣(xian)(xian)(xian),以(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為主的油料總產(chan)(chan)量達27萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)多(duo)(duo)噸,居中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)第(di)一(yi)位。 為了(le)(le)搞好花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)品銷(xiao)售(shou),21世紀初,該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)商行政管理局(ju)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)糧(liang)(liang)食局(ju)為依托,投資500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元擴建豫南(nan)最大的花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)交(jiao)易市(shi)場(chang)(chang)---中(zhong)原花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)批(pi)發市(shi)場(chang)(chang),常年(nian)吸引山東(dong)(dong)、河(he)北(bei)、湖北(bei)等(deng)周邊花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)客商,年(nian)交(jiao)易花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)5000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤。各(ge)鄉鎮也(ye)建立(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業市(shi)場(chang)(chang)20個,各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)營銷(xiao)組織(zhi)200多(duo)(duo)個,營銷(xiao)大戶(hu)2000多(duo)(duo)戶(hu),有上萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)名花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經紀人活躍在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)城市(shi)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)。他(ta)們(men)與省(sheng)外花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加工(gong)企業、糧(liang)(liang)油批(pi)發市(shi)場(chang)(chang)建立(li)了(le)(le)穩定的業務關(guan)系,該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)還(huan)多(duo)(duo)次(ci)邀請(qing)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)對(dui)他(ta)們(men)進行市(shi)場(chang)(chang)經濟、法律(lv)知識培訓,增強他(ta)們(men)的購銷(xiao)能力。他(ta)們(men)走(zou)南(nan)闖北(bei),開拓域(yu)外市(shi)場(chang)(chang),使正(zheng)陽(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)品占領湖南(nan)、東(dong)(dong)莞等(deng)地三分之二的市(shi)場(chang)(chang)。在(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加工(gong)銷(xiao)售(shou)季節,該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)用電(dian)腦(nao)與全(quan)國(guo)(guo)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)聯網(wang),在(zai)網(wang)上銷(xiao)售(shou)正(zheng)陽(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),并舉辦了(le)(le)"全(quan)國(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)交(jiao)易會"。同時,該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食品總廠還(huan)在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)各(ge)大中(zhong)城市(shi)設(she)立(li)銷(xiao)售(shou)窗口(kou),在(zai)大商店設(she)立(li)正(zheng)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)貨柜(ju)。正(zheng)陽(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)米(mi)還(huan)出口(kou)到日本(ben)、韓國(guo)(guo)、泰國(guo)(guo)、香港等(deng)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)和地區,年(nian)出口(kou)量15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤,市(shi)場(chang)(chang)成交(jiao)額1.5億(yi)元。
產品加工
2005年,該縣(xian)有3萬多(duo)臺花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫(tuo)殼(ke)(ke)機進(jin)行初級加工和400多(duo)家(jia)加工企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)。為(wei)發揮"龍頭"效應,該縣(xian)成立了(le)(le)炒(chao)(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)組,并(bing)以縣(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)廠為(wei)龍頭,聯合(he)組建正(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒(chao)(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)銷售(shou)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)。該公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)炒(chao)(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)統(tong)一配方、統(tong)一品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)、統(tong)一包裝、統(tong)一外銷,帶動了(le)(le)200多(duo)戶加工炒(chao)(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)戶。同時,以花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫(tuo)殼(ke)(ke)廠為(wei)龍頭,帶動2萬多(duo)臺花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫(tuo)殼(ke)(ke)機進(jin)行初級加工。該縣(xian)油(you)脂公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、食品(pin)(pin)(pin)總(zong)廠等400多(duo)家(jia)加工企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)都(dou)瞄準了(le)(le)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果這顆"金豆子",紛紛上馬搞起五味(wei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)餅干、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)奶、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)糖果等項目,年加工花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果2.5億公(gong)(gong)斤,使全縣(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)轉化(hua)率達(da)(da)80%。在2003年中國鄉鎮企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)東西合(he)作(zuo)經貿洽談會上,該縣(xian)與國家(jia)糧食儲備庫簽訂年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產5100萬噸(dun)的花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)脂項目。正(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)廠與北京正(zheng)揚光達(da)(da)有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)聯合(he)開發經營(ying)"香酥花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)"系列產品(pin)(pin)(pin),產品(pin)(pin)(pin)被國家(jia)商標局批準注冊"正(zheng)揚"牌(pai)商標,年產五大品(pin)(pin)(pin)味(wei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒(chao)(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)280萬公(gong)(gong)斤,年創利(li)潤300萬元。"正(zheng)揚"牌(pai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒(chao)(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)已打入北京、上海、廣州等大中城市的超市、連鎖店(dian),僅在北京經營(ying)正(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒(chao)(chao)(chao)貨(huo)(huo)的商家(jia)就(jiu)有16家(jia)、200多(duo)個連鎖店(dian)。
技術要求
(一)品種。
遠雜9102珍珠豆型優良(liang)品種。
(二)立地條(tiao)件(jian)。
土(tu)壤主要為(wei)(wei)黃褐(he)土(tu),土(tu)壤質地(di)為(wei)(wei)粘壤,土(tu)層厚度≥15cm。土(tu)壤pH值為(wei)(wei)6.7至7.2,土(tu)壤有機質含(han)量≥1.0%。
(三)栽(zai)培管理。
1、茬(cha)口(kou)與輪作:
(1)茬(cha)口(kou):冬季休閑或前(qian)作是油菜或冬小麥。
(2)輪(lun)作:黃褐土輪(lun)作期(qi)為(wei)3年(nian);砂姜黑土輪(lun)作期(qi)為(wei)2年(nian)。
2、種子選(xuan)擇與(yu)處理(li):選(xuan)擇飽滿的雙仁(ren)果(guo)作種,剝殼后(hou)分級進行(xing)粒(li)(li)(li)選(xuan),去除秕粒(li)(li)(li)、小粒(li)(li)(li)、破碎粒(li)(li)(li)、霉變或(huo)感(gan)病蟲(chong)的籽粒(li)(li)(li)。播(bo)種前用適樂(le)時或(huo)多菌(jun)靈(ling)進行(xing)種子處理(li)。
3、播(bo)種:土(tu)壤(rang)溫(wen)度(du)≥15℃時(shi),為(wei)播(bo)種適期。春播(bo)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)4月上中旬(xun),夏播(bo)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)6月5日前。種植密度(du)春播(bo)每(mei)公頃135000至165000穴(xue),夏播(bo)每(mei)公頃165000至195000穴(xue),每(mei)穴(xue)2粒種子。
4、施肥(fei):氮、磷、鉀(jia)配比為1.5:1.5:2。畝施純氮6千(qian)克(ke),磷6千(qian)克(ke),鉀(jia)8千(qian)克(ke)。
5、環(huan)境、安全要求:農藥、化肥等的使用必須符合國(guo)家的相關規定。
(四)采收和貯藏。
1、采收(shou):根據產品(pin)成熟程度于9月中下旬(xun)適時采收(shou)。其標準(zhun)是花生(sheng)上部植株(zhu)生(sheng)長停(ting)滯(zhi),中下部葉片脫(tuo)落,果(guo)殼硬化,網紋清晰,內果(guo)皮由(you)白色(se)變為帶金屬光澤的黑褐(he)色(se);籽仁充實飽滿,種(zhong)皮顯示粉紅等品(pin)種(zhong)固(gu)有的本色(se)。收(shou)獲后要及時曬(shai)干(gan)。
2、貯藏(zang):貯藏(zang)前將莢果含水量降至(zhi)10%以下、籽仁7%以下,并去雜(za)(za)去劣,將爛果、爛種、秕果、秕種及其它雜(za)(za)質篩除(chu)。貯藏(zang)處要干燥、向陽、通(tong)風。