品質特征
正(zheng)陽(yang)花(hua)生(sheng)以(yi)優(you)質珍珠豆(dou)型(xing)特(te)色著稱,花(hua)生(sheng)米粒(li)外(wai)觀(guan)整(zheng)齊,含(han)油量(liang)高(gao)(gao)達55%以(yi)上,比(bi)其它品種(zhong)高(gao)(gao)8-10個百分點,含(han)蛋(dan)白質28%左(zuo)右(you),且富(fu)含(han)有17種(zhong)人體必需的(de)氨基(ji)酸。正(zheng)陽(yang)花(hua)生(sheng)用(yong)于榨油出油率高(gao)(gao),加工效益好(hao),加工的(de)食(shi)品或炒貨(huo)具有香、酥、脆的(de)突出特(te)點,細膩(ni)好(hao)吃,是(shi)內銷加工,外(wai)銷出口的(de)優(you)質原料。正(zheng)陽(yang)花(hua)生(sheng)產品已遠銷到湖南、廣東、廣西(xi)、山東、江蘇、福建、河北等省市,并轉港出口到日(ri)本、韓(han)國(guo)、東南亞等國(guo)家(jia)和地區,深受(shou)外(wai)商青睞。
簡介
正(zheng)陽花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng),河(he)南(nan)(nan)省正(zheng)陽縣(xian)特產(chan),中國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)產(chan)品,正(zheng)陽花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)以優質珍珠豆型特色著稱,花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)米粒外觀整齊,含(han)油量高,營養豐富,加工(gong)后口(kou)味好。2004年注冊的"正(zheng)花(hua)"牌(pai)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)被河(he)南(nan)(nan)省人(ren)民(min)政府批準為"河(he)南(nan)(nan)省名牌(pai)農產(chan)品"。2010年在北京舉行的"首屆中國(guo)(guo)(guo)農產(chan)品區(qu)域(yu)公用品牌(pai)建(jian)設論壇"會上,河(he)南(nan)(nan)省的"正(zheng)陽花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)"以16.82億元的品牌(pai)價值,位(wei)居(ju)農產(chan)品區(qu)域(yu)公用品牌(pai)價值評(ping)估百強榜(bang)第36位(wei),正(zheng)陽縣(xian)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)統計局認定(ding)為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)種植第一(yi)大縣(xian),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)油料(liao)百強縣(xian)之一(yi)。2008年3月,"正(zheng)陽花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)"通過國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)質檢(jian)總局地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)專家(jia)評(ping)審(shen)委(wei)員會評(ping)審(shen),正(zheng)式納入原產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)保護,成為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)保護產(chan)品。
地理標志保護
保護范圍
正陽(yang)(yang)花生(sheng)(sheng)地理(li)標志產(chan)品保護(hu)范圍以河南省(sheng)正陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)人民政府《關于確定正陽(yang)(yang)花生(sheng)(sheng)地理(li)標志產(chan)品保護(hu)范圍的通(tong)知(zhi)》(正政文〔2007〕76號)提出(chu)的范圍為準,為河南省(sheng)正陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)真陽(yang)(yang)鎮、慎(shen)水鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新阮店鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、油(you)坊店鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、汝南埠鎮、永興鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、傅(fu)寨(zhai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、寒凍鎮、袁(yuan)寨(zhai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、王勿橋(qiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、彭橋(qiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、雷寨(zhai)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蘭青(qing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、呂河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、熊寨(zhai)鎮、銅鐘(zhong)鎮等(deng)16個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮所轄(xia)行(xing)政區域。
專用標志使用
正陽(yang)花生地理標(biao)志產(chan)品(pin)保護范圍內的生產(chan)者,可向河南省正陽(yang)縣質(zhi)量技術監督(du)局(ju)(ju)提出使用"地理標(biao)志產(chan)品(pin)專用標(biao)志"的申請,由國家(jia)質(zhi)檢總局(ju)(ju)公告批準。
種植歷史
正(zheng)陽花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)歷史(shi)悠久。最(zui)早可追(zhui)溯到清(qing)光緒年(nian)(nian)間,20世紀(ji)60年(nian)(nian)代開始種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),20世紀(ji)90年(nian)(nian)代花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)發展到100萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang),1998年(nian)(nian)以(yi)來穩定(ding)在(zai)120萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)左右(you),占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)秋作物(wu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)的60%以(yi)上(shang)(shang),最(zui)高年(nian)(nian)份(fen)可達150萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。進入21世紀(ji),花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)和產(chan)量連續多年(nian)(nian)位居全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)第(di)一,是全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)珍珠豆型花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)規(gui)模最(zui)大、最(zui)集(ji)中(zhong)的產(chan)區(qu),相繼被國(guo)(guo)家(jia)統計局認定(ding)為"全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)第(di)一大縣(xian)"、"全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)油(you)料(liao)生(sheng)產(chan)冠(guan)軍縣(xian)"、"全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)油(you)料(liao)生(sheng)產(chan)百強縣(xian)"等稱號(hao)。2000年(nian)(nian)"全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)交易會(hui)"在(zai)正(zheng)陽縣(xian)召開。2004年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)為120萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)。
種植技術
2009以(yi)前,該縣(xian)花生品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)主要是農家品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)"白莎1016"、"紅花一號"。2009
年(nian)以來(lai),逐步推廣(guang)新篩選的早(zao)熟高產(chan)(chan)、優(you)質專用(yong)型(xing)花生品種"魯(lu)花9號(hao)"、"魯(lu)花13號(hao)"、"遠雜9102號(hao)"、"中花5號(hao)"、"中花8號(hao)"進行換代(dai),珍珠豆型(xing)花生品種占該縣花生種植(zhi)面積(ji)的95%以上。2004年(nian)遠雜9102種植(zhi)10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)2400萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin);白沙(sha)1016種植(zhi)80萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)17600萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin);魯(lu)花13種植(zhi)面積(ji)14萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)3020萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin);中花8號(hao)種植(zhi)8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu),總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)1840萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)。
2009年左(zuo)右開始,正(zheng)陽花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產已由(you)傳統落后的(de)平作粗(cu)放種(zhong)(zhong)植方式(shi)向壟作、地(di)(di)膜覆蓋(gai)栽培(pei)模式(shi)發展(zhan)。推廣(guang)(guang)了花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)膜覆蓋(gai)、化(hua)學(xue)除(chu)草及一(yi)穴雙粒技術(shu)。其中(zhong)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)膜覆蓋(gai)面積(ji)已累計推廣(guang)(guang)1萬(wan)畝以(yi)上(shang);化(hua)學(xue)除(chu)草技術(shu)應用面積(ji)已達種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)的(de)90%以(yi)上(shang)。95%以(yi)上(shang)的(de)面積(ji)已達到了機械(xie)化(hua)播種(zhong)(zhong)及半(ban)機械(xie)化(hua)收(shou)獲、脫(tuo)粒加工。推了廣(guang)(guang)高效低毒低殘(can)(can)留無公(gong)害(hai)栽培(pei)技術(shu),尤(you)其是花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)根瘤菌肥(fei)的(de)應用,正(zheng)陽花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產將從(cong)高殘(can)(can)留、污染型(xing)農業(ye)向綠(lv)色(se)環保型(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態農業(ye)發展(zhan)。2003年正(zheng)陽縣被批準為河(he)南(nan)(nan)省首家"農業(ye)標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產示范縣"。2004年經河(he)南(nan)(nan)省無公(gong)害(hai)農產品認定(ding)委員(yuan)會認定(ding)已建立1萬(wan)畝無公(gong)害(hai)優質花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)(di),開發利用前景極(ji)為廣(guang)(guang)闊。
正陽縣從(cong)2000開(kai)始先后從(cong)中國農(nong)科(ke)(ke)院(yuan)油料所、山東(dong)省(sheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)研究所、山東(dong)農(nong)業大學等大專院(yuan)校及科(ke)(ke)研單(dan)位引進花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新品(pin)種(系)50多(duo)個(ge)進行(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)展(zhan)示;建(jian)立了(le)100畝花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高產開(kai)發(fa)規范化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產示范田、100畝花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新技(ji)術試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)基地和50畝花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新品(pin)種試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)基地,為(wei)該縣花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的優質高產開(kai)發(fa)積(ji)累了(le)豐富的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產經(jing)驗(yan)(yan)。
銷售情況
正陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)是中(zhong)國花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種植第一(yi)大(da)縣(xian)(xian),以花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)主的(de)油(you)料總產(chan)量(liang)達27萬多(duo)噸,居中(zhong)國第一(yi)位(wei)。 為(wei)了搞好花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)品銷(xiao)(xiao)售,21世紀初(chu),該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)以縣(xian)(xian)工商(shang)(shang)行政管理局、縣(xian)(xian)糧(liang)食局為(wei)依(yi)托,投資500萬元(yuan)(yuan)擴建(jian)豫南(nan)最(zui)大(da)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)交易(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)場---中(zhong)原花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)批發市(shi)(shi)場,常年(nian)(nian)吸引山東、河(he)北(bei)、湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)等(deng)(deng)周邊花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)客商(shang)(shang),年(nian)(nian)交易(yi)(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)5000萬公斤(jin)。各(ge)鄉鎮也建(jian)立(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)市(shi)(shi)場20個(ge),各(ge)種營銷(xiao)(xiao)組織200多(duo)個(ge),營銷(xiao)(xiao)大(da)戶2000多(duo)戶,有上(shang)萬名花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經(jing)紀人活躍在(zai)(zai)全國城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)場。他(ta)們與省外花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加工企業(ye)、糧(liang)油(you)批發市(shi)(shi)場建(jian)立(li)了穩定(ding)的(de)業(ye)務關系,該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)還多(duo)次(ci)邀請專(zhuan)家對他(ta)們進行市(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟、法律知識培訓,增強他(ta)們的(de)購銷(xiao)(xiao)能力(li)。他(ta)們走南(nan)闖北(bei),開拓域外市(shi)(shi)場,使(shi)正陽(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)品占領湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)、東莞(guan)等(deng)(deng)地三分之二的(de)市(shi)(shi)場。在(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加工銷(xiao)(xiao)售季節,該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)用電(dian)腦與全國市(shi)(shi)場聯網,在(zai)(zai)網上(shang)銷(xiao)(xiao)售正陽(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),并(bing)舉辦了"全國花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)交易(yi)(yi)會"。同(tong)時,該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食品總廠(chang)還在(zai)(zai)全國各(ge)大(da)中(zhong)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)設立(li)銷(xiao)(xiao)售窗口,在(zai)(zai)大(da)商(shang)(shang)店設立(li)正陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)貨柜(ju)。正陽(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)米還出(chu)口到日本(ben)、韓國、泰國、香(xiang)港等(deng)(deng)國家和地區,年(nian)(nian)出(chu)口量(liang)15萬公斤(jin),市(shi)(shi)場成交額1.5億元(yuan)(yuan)。
產品加工
2005年(nian),該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)有(you)3萬(wan)多(duo)臺花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫殼機(ji)進行初(chu)級(ji)加(jia)(jia)工和400多(duo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)加(jia)(jia)工企業(ye)。為發(fa)揮(hui)"龍頭(tou)"效應,該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)成立了(le)炒貨(huo)(huo)專(zhuan)業(ye)組(zu),并以縣(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食品(pin)(pin)廠為龍頭(tou),聯(lian)(lian)合組(zu)建正陽縣(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒貨(huo)(huo)食品(pin)(pin)銷售公(gong)司(si)(si)。該(gai)公(gong)司(si)(si)炒貨(huo)(huo)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)統(tong)一(yi)配方、統(tong)一(yi)品(pin)(pin)牌、統(tong)一(yi)包(bao)裝、統(tong)一(yi)外銷,帶(dai)動了(le)200多(duo)戶加(jia)(jia)工炒貨(huo)(huo)戶。同時,以花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫殼廠為龍頭(tou),帶(dai)動2萬(wan)多(duo)臺花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫殼機(ji)進行初(chu)級(ji)加(jia)(jia)工。該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)油(you)脂公(gong)司(si)(si)、食品(pin)(pin)總廠等(deng)(deng)400多(duo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)加(jia)(jia)工企業(ye)都瞄準了(le)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)這顆"金豆子",紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)上(shang)馬搞起五味花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)餅(bing)干、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)奶、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)糖(tang)果(guo)(guo)等(deng)(deng)項(xiang)目,年(nian)加(jia)(jia)工花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)2.5億(yi)公(gong)斤(jin),使全縣(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)轉化率達80%。在2003年(nian)中國(guo)鄉鎮企業(ye)東西合作經貿洽談會(hui)上(shang),該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)與(yu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)糧食儲備(bei)庫簽訂年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)5100萬(wan)噸的(de)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)脂項(xiang)目。正陽縣(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食品(pin)(pin)廠與(yu)北京(jing)正揚(yang)(yang)光達有(you)限公(gong)司(si)(si)聯(lian)(lian)合開發(fa)經營"香酥花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)"系列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)被國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)商(shang)(shang)標局(ju)批準注冊"正揚(yang)(yang)"牌商(shang)(shang)標,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)五大品(pin)(pin)味花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒貨(huo)(huo)280萬(wan)公(gong)斤(jin),年(nian)創(chuang)利(li)潤(run)300萬(wan)元(yuan)。"正揚(yang)(yang)"牌花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒貨(huo)(huo)已打入(ru)北京(jing)、上(shang)海、廣州等(deng)(deng)大中城(cheng)市的(de)超(chao)市、連(lian)鎖店,僅在北京(jing)經營正陽花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒貨(huo)(huo)的(de)商(shang)(shang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)就有(you)16家(jia)(jia)(jia)、200多(duo)個連(lian)鎖店。
技術要求
(一)品種。
遠(yuan)雜9102珍珠豆型優良(liang)品種(zhong)。
(二)立(li)地條件。
土壤主要(yao)為黃褐(he)土,土壤質地為粘壤,土層(ceng)厚度≥15cm。土壤pH值為6.7至7.2,土壤有機質含量≥1.0%。
(三)栽(zai)培管理。
1、茬口與輪作:
(1)茬口(kou):冬(dong)季(ji)休(xiu)閑(xian)或(huo)前作是油菜或(huo)冬(dong)小麥。
(2)輪作:黃褐(he)土(tu)輪作期(qi)為3年;砂(sha)姜黑土(tu)輪作期(qi)為2年。
2、種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)選擇(ze)與處理:選擇(ze)飽滿的雙仁(ren)果作種(zhong),剝殼后分(fen)級進行粒(li)選,去(qu)除秕粒(li)、小粒(li)、破碎粒(li)、霉變或感病蟲的籽粒(li)。播種(zhong)前用適樂時或多菌靈進行種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)處理。
3、播(bo)(bo)種(zhong):土壤溫(wen)度(du)≥15℃時,為播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)適期。春播(bo)(bo)時間為4月上中旬,夏(xia)播(bo)(bo)時間為6月5日前。種(zhong)植密度(du)春播(bo)(bo)每公(gong)頃135000至165000穴,夏(xia)播(bo)(bo)每公(gong)頃165000至195000穴,每穴2粒(li)種(zhong)子(zi)。
4、施肥(fei):氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀配比(bi)為1.5:1.5:2。畝施純(chun)氮(dan)6千(qian)克(ke),磷(lin)6千(qian)克(ke),鉀8千(qian)克(ke)。
5、環境、安(an)全要求:農藥(yao)、化肥(fei)等的(de)使用必須(xu)符合國家的(de)相關(guan)規定。
(四)采(cai)收和貯(zhu)藏。
1、采(cai)收(shou):根據產品(pin)成熟程度于9月中下(xia)旬適時采(cai)收(shou)。其標準是花生上部(bu)植株生長停(ting)滯,中下(xia)部(bu)葉(xie)片脫(tuo)落,果(guo)殼硬化,網(wang)紋清晰,內果(guo)皮由白色變為帶金屬光澤的(de)黑褐(he)色;籽仁(ren)充(chong)實飽滿,種皮顯示粉紅(hong)等品(pin)種固(gu)有的(de)本色。收(shou)獲后(hou)要及時曬干。
2、貯藏(zang):貯藏(zang)前將莢果含水(shui)量降至10%以(yi)下(xia)、籽仁(ren)7%以(yi)下(xia),并去(qu)雜(za)去(qu)劣,將爛果、爛種、秕果、秕種及其它(ta)雜(za)質篩除。貯藏(zang)處要干燥(zao)、向陽(yang)、通(tong)風。