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品質特征

正陽花(hua)生以(yi)優質珍珠豆型特(te)色著(zhu)稱，花(hua)生米(mi)粒外觀整齊，含(han)油量高達(da)55%以(yi)上，比(bi)其它品(pin)種高8-10個百分點，含(han)蛋(dan)白質28%左右，且富(fu)含(han)有(you)17種人(ren)體必需的氨基酸。正陽花(hua)生用于榨(zha)油出油率高，加工(gong)效益(yi)好，加工(gong)的食品(pin)或炒貨具有(you)香、酥、脆的突出特(te)點，細膩好吃，是內銷加工(gong)，外銷出口的優質原料。正陽花(hua)生產品(pin)已遠銷到湖(hu)南、廣(guang)東(dong)、廣(guang)西、山東(dong)、江(jiang)蘇、福建、河北等(deng)省市，并(bing)轉(zhuan)港出口到日本、韓(han)國(guo)、東(dong)南亞等(deng)國(guo)家和地區，深受外商青睞。

簡介

正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)，河南省(sheng)(sheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)特(te)產(chan)(chan)，中國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家地理(li)標(biao)志產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)以優質(zhi)珍珠豆型(xing)特(te)色(se)著稱，花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)米粒外觀整齊，含油量高，營(ying)養豐富(fu)，加(jia)工后(hou)口味好。2004年(nian)注(zhu)冊的(de)(de)"正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)"牌(pai)(pai)(pai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)被河南省(sheng)(sheng)人民政府批準為(wei)"河南省(sheng)(sheng)名(ming)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)"。2010年(nian)在(zai)北京舉行的(de)(de)"首屆中國(guo)(guo)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)區域(yu)公(gong)用(yong)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)建設(she)論壇"會(hui)上，河南省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)"正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)"以16.82億元的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)價(jia)值，位居農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)區域(yu)公(gong)用(yong)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)價(jia)值評(ping)估百強榜第(di)36位，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)被國(guo)(guo)家統(tong)計局(ju)認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)種(zhong)植第(di)一(yi)大縣(xian)，全(quan)國(guo)(guo)油料百強縣(xian)之一(yi)。2008年(nian)3月(yue)，"正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)"通過國(guo)(guo)家質(zhi)檢總局(ju)地理(li)標(biao)志專家評(ping)審(shen)委員會(hui)評(ping)審(shen)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)式納入原產(chan)(chan)地保護(hu)，成為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家地理(li)標(biao)志保護(hu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。

地理標志保護

保護范圍

正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)花生地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)產品保護范(fan)(fan)圍以河(he)南(nan)省正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)縣人民政(zheng)府《關于(yu)確定正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)花生地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)產品保護范(fan)(fan)圍的通知(zhi)》(正(zheng)(zheng)政(zheng)文〔2007〕76號)提出的范(fan)(fan)圍為(wei)準，為(wei)河(he)南(nan)省正(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)縣真陽(yang)(yang)鎮(zhen)、慎水鄉(xiang)、新(xin)阮店鄉(xiang)、油(you)坊店鄉(xiang)、汝南(nan)埠鎮(zhen)、永興鄉(xiang)、傅寨鄉(xiang)、寒(han)凍(dong)鎮(zhen)、袁寨鄉(xiang)、王勿(wu)橋鄉(xiang)、彭橋鄉(xiang)、雷寨鄉(xiang)、蘭(lan)青鄉(xiang)、呂河(he)鄉(xiang)、熊寨鎮(zhen)、銅鐘鎮(zhen)等16個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)所(suo)轄行政(zheng)區域(yu)。

專用標志使用

正陽(yang)花(hua)生(sheng)地理標志(zhi)產(chan)品保護(hu)范圍內的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)者，可向河南省正陽(yang)縣質量技術監(jian)督局提出使用"地理標志(zhi)產(chan)品專用標志(zhi)"的(de)申請(qing)，由國家質檢(jian)總局公告批準。

種植歷史

正陽花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)植歷史悠久。最(zui)(zui)(zui)早可追溯到清光緒年(nian)(nian)間，20世(shi)紀60年(nian)(nian)代(dai)開始種(zhong)植，20世(shi)紀90年(nian)(nian)代(dai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發展到100萬畝(mu)以上(shang)，1998年(nian)(nian)以來穩定在(zai)120萬畝(mu)左右(you)，占全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)秋作(zuo)物種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)60%以上(shang)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)年(nian)(nian)份可達150萬畝(mu)以上(shang)。進(jin)入21世(shi)紀，花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和產量連續多年(nian)(nian)位居(ju)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國第(di)一，是全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國珍珠豆型花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)產規模最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)、最(zui)(zui)(zui)集中的(de)產區，相繼被國家統計(ji)局(ju)認定為"全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)產第(di)一大(da)縣(xian)(xian)"、"全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國油料生(sheng)(sheng)產冠軍縣(xian)(xian)"、"全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國油料生(sheng)(sheng)產百強縣(xian)(xian)"等(deng)稱號(hao)。2000年(nian)(nian)"全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)交易會(hui)"在(zai)正陽縣(xian)(xian)召開。2004年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為120萬畝(mu)。

種植技術

2009以(yi)前，該縣(xian)花生品種主要是(shi)農(nong)家品種"白莎1016"、"紅花一號(hao)"。2009

年以來，逐(zhu)步(bu)推廣新篩(shai)選的早熟(shu)高產(chan)(chan)、優質(zhi)專用(yong)型花(hua)生(sheng)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)"魯花(hua)9號(hao)(hao)"、"魯花(hua)13號(hao)(hao)"、"遠(yuan)雜(za)9102號(hao)(hao)"、"中(zhong)(zhong)花(hua)5號(hao)(hao)"、"中(zhong)(zhong)花(hua)8號(hao)(hao)"進行換代，珍珠豆型花(hua)生(sheng)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)占該縣花(hua)生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積的95%以上(shang)。2004年遠(yuan)雜(za)9102種(zhong)(zhong)植10萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，總(zong)(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)2400萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin);白沙1016種(zhong)(zhong)植80萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，總(zong)(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)17600萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin);魯花(hua)13種(zhong)(zhong)植面積14萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，總(zong)(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)3020萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin);中(zhong)(zhong)花(hua)8號(hao)(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)植8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，總(zong)(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)1840萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)。

2009年左右開(kai)始，正陽(yang)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)已(yi)(yi)由傳統落后的(de)平作粗放(fang)種植方(fang)式向壟作、地膜覆蓋(gai)栽培(pei)模式發展。推廣了花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地膜覆蓋(gai)、化學除(chu)草及(ji)一穴雙(shuang)粒技術(shu)。其(qi)中花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地膜覆蓋(gai)面積已(yi)(yi)累計推廣1萬(wan)畝以上;化學除(chu)草技術(shu)應用(yong)面積已(yi)(yi)達(da)種植面積的(de)90%以上。95%以上的(de)面積已(yi)(yi)達(da)到了機械化播種及(ji)半(ban)機械化收(shou)獲、脫粒加工。推了廣高效低毒低殘(can)留無公(gong)害(hai)栽培(pei)技術(shu)，尤其(qi)是花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)根(gen)瘤菌(jun)肥的(de)應用(yong)，正陽(yang)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)將從高殘(can)留、污(wu)染型農業向綠色環(huan)保型生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態農業發展。2003年正陽(yang)縣(xian)被批準為(wei)河南(nan)省首家"農業標準化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)示范(fan)縣(xian)"。2004年經河南(nan)省無公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)品認定委員會認定已(yi)(yi)建立1萬(wan)畝無公(gong)害(hai)優質(zhi)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地，開(kai)發利用(yong)前景極(ji)為(wei)廣闊(kuo)。

正陽縣從2000開(kai)始先后從中國農科院油料(liao)所(suo)(suo)、山東省花(hua)(hua)生研(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)(suo)、山東農業大(da)學等大(da)專院校及科研(yan)單位引進花(hua)(hua)生新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(系)50多個(ge)進行試驗展(zhan)示;建立了(le)100畝(mu)花(hua)(hua)生高產(chan)開(kai)發規范化生產(chan)示范田、100畝(mu)花(hua)(hua)生新(xin)技術試驗基(ji)地(di)和50畝(mu)花(hua)(hua)生新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)試驗基(ji)地(di)，為該縣花(hua)(hua)生的優質高產(chan)開(kai)發積累(lei)了(le)豐富的生產(chan)經驗。

銷售情況

正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種植第(di)一大縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，以(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)主的油料(liao)總(zong)產(chan)量達27萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)噸(dun)，居中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)第(di)一位(wei)。 為(wei)了搞好花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)品銷(xiao)售，21世紀(ji)初，該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)工商(shang)行政管理局、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)糧(liang)食局為(wei)依托，投資500萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)擴建豫南(nan)最大的花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)交(jiao)易(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)---中(zhong)原(yuan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)批發(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)，常年吸引(yin)山(shan)東、河北、湖北等(deng)周邊花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)客商(shang)，年交(jiao)易(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)5000萬(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)。各鄉(xiang)鎮也建立花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)專業(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)20個(ge)，各種營銷(xiao)組織200多(duo)(duo)(duo)個(ge)，營銷(xiao)大戶(hu)2000多(duo)(duo)(duo)戶(hu)，有(you)上萬(wan)(wan)名花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經(jing)(jing)紀(ji)人活躍在全國(guo)(guo)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。他(ta)(ta)們與(yu)省(sheng)外花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加工企業(ye)、糧(liang)油批發(fa)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)建立了穩(wen)定的業(ye)務關系，該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)還(huan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)次邀請專家對(dui)他(ta)(ta)們進行市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、法律(lv)知識培訓，增強他(ta)(ta)們的購銷(xiao)能力。他(ta)(ta)們走南(nan)闖北，開拓域(yu)外市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)，使正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)品占領湖南(nan)、東莞等(deng)地(di)三分之二的市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)。在花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加工銷(xiao)售季節，該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)電腦與(yu)全國(guo)(guo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)聯網，在網上銷(xiao)售正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，并舉辦了"全國(guo)(guo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)交(jiao)易(yi)會"。同時，該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食品總(zong)廠還(huan)在全國(guo)(guo)各大中(zhong)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)立銷(xiao)售窗口(kou)(kou)，在大商(shang)店設(she)立正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)貨(huo)柜。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)米還(huan)出口(kou)(kou)到日本、韓國(guo)(guo)、泰國(guo)(guo)、香港(gang)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)家和地(di)區，年出口(kou)(kou)量15萬(wan)(wan)公斤(jin)，市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)成(cheng)交(jiao)額(e)1.5億元(yuan)。

產品加工

2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，該(gai)(gai)(gai)縣(xian)有3萬(wan)多臺(tai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫(tuo)殼機進(jin)行(xing)初級(ji)加(jia)工和400多家(jia)加(jia)工企業(ye)。為發揮"龍(long)(long)頭(tou)"效(xiao)應，該(gai)(gai)(gai)縣(xian)成(cheng)立了(le)(le)炒貨(huo)專業(ye)組(zu)，并以縣(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)廠(chang)(chang)為龍(long)(long)頭(tou)，聯合(he)組(zu)建正(zheng)陽縣(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒貨(huo)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)銷售公司(si)。該(gai)(gai)(gai)公司(si)炒貨(huo)產品(pin)(pin)統(tong)(tong)一配方、統(tong)(tong)一品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)、統(tong)(tong)一包裝、統(tong)(tong)一外銷，帶動了(le)(le)200多戶加(jia)工炒貨(huo)戶。同時，以花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫(tuo)殼廠(chang)(chang)為龍(long)(long)頭(tou)，帶動2萬(wan)多臺(tai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脫(tuo)殼機進(jin)行(xing)初級(ji)加(jia)工。該(gai)(gai)(gai)縣(xian)油脂公司(si)、食(shi)品(pin)(pin)總(zong)廠(chang)(chang)等400多家(jia)加(jia)工企業(ye)都瞄準了(le)(le)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果這(zhe)顆"金豆子"，紛紛上(shang)馬(ma)搞起五味(wei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)餅干、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)奶、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)糖果等項(xiang)目(mu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)工花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果2.5億公斤(jin)，使(shi)全縣(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產品(pin)(pin)轉化率達80%。在(zai)2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中國鄉鎮(zhen)企業(ye)東西合(he)作經(jing)貿(mao)洽(qia)談(tan)會上(shang)，該(gai)(gai)(gai)縣(xian)與(yu)國家(jia)糧食(shi)儲備庫簽訂年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產5100萬(wan)噸的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油脂項(xiang)目(mu)。正(zheng)陽縣(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)廠(chang)(chang)與(yu)北京(jing)正(zheng)揚光達有限公司(si)聯合(he)開發經(jing)營"香酥花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)"系列產品(pin)(pin)，產品(pin)(pin)被(bei)國家(jia)商(shang)標局批(pi)準注冊"正(zheng)揚"牌(pai)商(shang)標，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產五大(da)品(pin)(pin)味(wei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒貨(huo)280萬(wan)公斤(jin)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)創利潤300萬(wan)元。"正(zheng)揚"牌(pai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒貨(huo)已打入北京(jing)、上(shang)海(hai)、廣州等大(da)中城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)超市(shi)、連(lian)鎖店(dian)，僅(jin)在(zai)北京(jing)經(jing)營正(zheng)陽花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)炒貨(huo)的(de)商(shang)家(jia)就有16家(jia)、200多個連(lian)鎖店(dian)。

技術要求

(一)品種。

遠雜9102珍(zhen)珠豆型優良品種。

(二(er))立(li)地條件(jian)。

土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要為(wei)黃褐(he)土(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質(zhi)地(di)為(wei)粘壤(rang)，土(tu)(tu)層厚度≥15cm。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值(zhi)為(wei)6.7至7.2，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質(zhi)含量≥1.0%。

(三)栽培管理。

1、茬口與輪作:

(1)茬口:冬(dong)季休閑或前作是油菜或冬(dong)小麥。

(2)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo):黃(huang)褐土(tu)(tu)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)期為(wei)3年;砂(sha)姜黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)期為(wei)2年。

2、種子選(xuan)擇與處理:選(xuan)擇飽滿的雙仁果作種，剝殼后分(fen)級進行粒(li)選(xuan)，去除秕粒(li)、小粒(li)、破碎粒(li)、霉變(bian)或感病(bing)蟲的籽粒(li)。播種前用適樂時或多菌靈進行種子處理。

3、播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):土(tu)壤溫度(du)≥15℃時，為播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適期。春播(bo)(bo)(bo)時間(jian)為4月上中(zhong)旬(xun)，夏播(bo)(bo)(bo)時間(jian)為6月5日前。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植密度(du)春播(bo)(bo)(bo)每公頃135000至(zhi)165000穴(xue)(xue)，夏播(bo)(bo)(bo)每公頃165000至(zhi)195000穴(xue)(xue)，每穴(xue)(xue)2粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子。

4、施肥:氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀配比為1.5:1.5:2。畝施純氮(dan)6千克(ke)，磷(lin)6千克(ke)，鉀8千克(ke)。

5、環境、安全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu):農藥(yao)、化肥等的使用必(bi)須符合國家(jia)的相關規(gui)定。

(四)采收和貯(zhu)藏。

1、采(cai)收(shou)(shou):根據產品成(cheng)熟程度于9月中下(xia)旬適時采(cai)收(shou)(shou)。其標準是花生上(shang)部植株生長(chang)停滯，中下(xia)部葉片(pian)脫落，果殼硬化，網紋(wen)清晰，內果皮由白(bai)色變為(wei)帶金(jin)屬光(guang)澤的黑褐色;籽仁充實飽滿，種(zhong)皮顯示粉紅等品種(zhong)固有的本(ben)色。收(shou)(shou)獲后(hou)要及時曬干。

2、貯(zhu)藏(zang):貯(zhu)藏(zang)前將莢果(guo)含水量降至10%以下、籽仁7%以下，并去(qu)雜去(qu)劣，將爛果(guo)、爛種、秕果(guo)、秕種及(ji)其它雜質篩除。貯(zhu)藏(zang)處要干(gan)燥、向陽(yang)、通風(feng)。