遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)原產(chan)(chan)于遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧省(sheng)東南部(bu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區步云山(shan)(shan)(shan)周圍各市(shi)縣,屬絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)肉兼(jian)用型品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),是(shi)中國(guo)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)中產(chan)(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量最高的(de)優良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。該品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)具有產(chan)(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量高,絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)纖維長,粗細(xi)度適(shi)中,體(ti)形(xing)壯大,適(shi)應性強,遺(yi)傳性能穩定、改良低產(chan)(chan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)效果(guo)顯著等特點,其(qi)產(chan)(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量居全國(guo)之首,被譽為"國(guo)寶",是(shi)中國(guo)重點畜禽遺(yi)傳保護資源。主要分布在蓋州及其(qi)相鄰的(de)岫巖、遼(liao)(liao)(liao)陽、本溪、鳳(feng)城、寬甸、莊河、瓦房店等地區。遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)種(zhong)用價值極高,尤其(qi)對內蒙絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)系的(de)形(xing)成貢獻卓(zhuo)著。屬絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)肉兼(jian)用型品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。
簡單介紹
原產于遼寧省(sheng)遼東半(ban)島東南部的蓋縣(xian)、復縣(xian)、岫巖(yan)和莊河等(deng)地;陜西、甘肅(su)、新疆(jiang)和內蒙古等(deng)省(sheng)(自治(zhi)區(qu))曾引進本(ben)品種改良當地土種山羊獲得(de)初步成效。
遼寧(ning)絨(rong)山(shan)羊原產于遼寧(ning)省(sheng)東南部山(shan)區(qu)步云山(shan)周圍各市縣,屬絨(rong)肉(rou)兼用型品種,因(yin)產絨(rong)量(liang)高(gao),適(shi)應性強,遺傳性能穩定、改良各地土種山(shan)羊效果(guo)顯(xian)著而在國內外享(xiang)有盛譽。
基本分布
現主要(yao)分布在蓋州及其相鄰(lin)的岫巖、遼(liao)陽、本溪、鳳(feng)城、寬(kuan)甸(dian)、莊河、瓦(wa)房店等地區。
外形特征
遼寧絨山羊(yang)公(gong)、母羊(yang)均有(you)角,有(you)髯,公(gong)羊(yang)角發達(da),向兩側平直伸(shen)展,母羊(yang)角向后上方(fang)。額頂有(you)自(zi)然(ran)彎(wan)曲并帶絲光(guang)的綹(liu)毛(mao)。體(ti)軀結(jie)構勻稱,體(ti)質(zhi)結(jie)實(shi)。頸(jing)部寬厚,頸(jing)肩結(jie)合良(liang)好(hao),背平直,后軀發達(da),呈倒三角形(xing)狀。四肢較短,蹄質(zhi)結(jie)實(shi),短瘦(shou)尾,尾尖上翹。被毛(mao)為全白色(se),外層為粗毛(mao),且有(you)絲光(guang)光(guang)澤(ze),內層為絨毛(mao)。
社會評價
遼(liao)寧絨山羊(yang)(yang)種用價值極(ji)高(gao),尤其對內蒙絨山羊(yang)(yang)新品系的形成,做出了杰(jie)出的貢(gong)獻。遼(liao)寧絨山羊(yang)(yang)在改良和提高(gao)我國(guo)各省(sheng)區絨山羊(yang)(yang)品質方面,起著至關重(zhong)要的作(zuo)用,社會效(xiao)益和經濟效(xiao)益巨大(da)。
品種描述
公(gong)羊角粗大,向(xiang)兩側(ce)平直伸展;母羊角較細,向(xiang)后(hou)上方伸開。額部(bu)均有卷毛(mao),頜(he)下有髯(ran),頸部(bu)寬厚,背腰平直,后(hou)軀發(fa)達(da)(da),四肢堅實,結構勻稱。成(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)羊體重68~82千(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke);母羊40~75千(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。成(cheng)熟較晚,5月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)左右(you)(you)發(fa)情,配種適齡(ling)(ling)宜在(zai)18月(yue)齡(ling)(ling)左右(you)(you),產區多(duo)于11月(yue)配種,翌(yi)年(nian)3~4月(yue)份產羔。成(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)羊絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)產量(liang)平均736克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),高的可達(da)(da)1375克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke);粗毛(mao)650克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。母羊絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)產量(liang)平均575克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),高的可達(da)(da)1025克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke);粗毛(mao)525克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)平均細度80支(折合16.4微米),凈絨(rong)(rong)率(lv)75%以上。產絨(rong)(rong)量(liang)以2~6歲時(shi)最高。產區終年(nian)放牧(mu),冬春補飼。抓(zhua)絨(rong)(rong)前10~15天(tian)加(jia)喂精料。如分兩次抓(zhua)絨(rong)(rong),中間(jian)可相隔(ge)10~15天(tian)。抓(zhua)絨(rong)(rong)后(hou)半個月(yue)左右(you)(you)剪(jian)毛(mao),胡(hu)子和(he)尾毛(mao)的價格較高,應另(ling)行包裝。
一.產品介紹
遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)東部地(di)(di)區農民飼養(yang)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)歷史悠久。在(zai)(zai)沈陽新(xin)樂遺址,發(fa)(fa)現遼(liao)(liao)(liao)沈大(da)地(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)7000年(nian)(nian)前就已經有(you)豬、羊(yang)(yang)飼養(yang)。遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)是在(zai)(zai)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)東地(di)(di)區優越的生(sheng)態條(tiao)件下,經過民間長期自(zi)群選育(yu)(yu)形成的地(di)(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。1955年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)首先在(zai)(zai)蓋(gai)縣被官方發(fa)(fa)現。1959年(nian)(nian),遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)省(sheng)農業廳(ting)組(zu)織全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)開展(zhan)畜禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)資源調查(cha)時,被專家們認(ren)定(ding)為優良(liang)地(di)(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),時稱蓋(gai)縣絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)。1964年(nian)(nian)8月(yue),農業部領導電告遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)省(sheng)農業廳(ting):“遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)要從(cong)全(quan)(quan)國出(chu)發(fa)(fa),繁育(yu)(yu)好蓋(gai)縣絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang),支援各地(di)(di)”。1980年(nian)(nian),在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)國統一的畜禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)調查(cha)中,發(fa)(fa)現在(zai)(zai)蓋(gai)縣周圍的岫巖、鳳城、寬(kuan)甸等(deng)地(di)(di)也有(you)類似的絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang),所以改稱遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang),并在(zai)(zai)蓋(gai)縣建(jian)立(li)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)省(sheng)絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)場(chang)。此后,經過20多年(nian)(nian)的系統選育(yu)(yu),遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)產絨(rong)量居世(shi)界白絨(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)之冠,有(you)“國寶”美譽。
二.地域范圍
遼寧絨山(shan)羊產(chan)于(yu)遼寧地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),地(di)理坐標(biao)為東經(jing)(jing)118°53′-125°46′,北緯38°43′-43°26′,遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)東北與(yu)(yu)(yu)吉林(lin)省(sheng)(sheng)接壤,西(xi)北與(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)蒙古自治區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)為鄰,西(xi)南(nan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)北省(sheng)(sheng)毗連(lian)(lian),與(yu)(yu)(yu)山(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)隔(ge)海(hai)相望(wang)。以(yi)鴨綠江為界河(he),與(yu)(yu)(yu)朝鮮民(min)主主義人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國隔(ge)江相望(wang),南(nan)瀕浩瀚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渤海(hai)和(he)黃海(hai)。主產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)包括大(da)連(lian)(lian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旅順(shun)(shun)口區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、金州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、莊河(he)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、瓦房店市(shi)(shi)(shi)、普蘭店市(shi)(shi)(shi)、長(chang)海(hai)縣(xian)、大(da)連(lian)(lian)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);營口市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鲅魚圈區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、老(lao)邊區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、蓋州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、大(da)石橋市(shi)(shi)(shi);鞍山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)岫巖縣(xian)、海(hai)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)、臺安縣(xian);遼陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)圣區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宏偉(wei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、弓長(chang)嶺(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、太子河(he)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、遼陽縣(xian)、燈塔市(shi)(shi)(shi);丹東市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振安區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、鳳城市(shi)(shi)(shi)、寬(kuan)甸縣(xian)、東港市(shi)(shi)(shi);本溪(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、溪(xi)湖區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、明山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)芬區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、本溪(xi)縣(xian)、桓仁縣(xian)、本溪(xi)開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);撫(fu)(fu)順(shun)(shun)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東洲區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、望(wang)花區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、清原縣(xian)、撫(fu)(fu)順(shun)(shun)縣(xian)、新賓(bin)縣(xian)、撫(fu)(fu)順(shun)(shun)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu);鐵(tie)嶺(ling)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清河(he)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、鐵(tie)嶺(ling)市(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)開(kai)發(fa)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、調兵(bing)山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、開(kai)原市(shi)(shi)(shi)、鐵(tie)嶺(ling)縣(xian)、西(xi)豐縣(xian)、昌(chang)圖縣(xian)等8個(ge)(ge)(ge)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)44個(ge)(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)、區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))407個(ge)(ge)(ge)鄉鎮。飼養量1000萬(wan)只,產(chan)絨量2500噸。
三.產(chan)品品質特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感官特征(zheng) 被(bei)毛全白(bai),體質健壯(zhuang),結構勻稱、緊湊(cou),頭輕小,額頂有(you)長(chang)毛,頜下有(you)髯(ran),公羊角(jiao)粗大,向(xiang)后(hou)斜上(shang)(shang)方(fang)兩(liang)側螺旋(xuan)式伸(shen)展,母羊角(jiao)向(xiang)后(hou)斜上(shang)(shang)方(fang)兩(liang)側捻曲伸(shen)出,頸寬厚、與肩(jian)部結合良(liang)好,背腰(yao)平直,四(si)肢粗壯(zhuang),肢蹄結實,短瘦尾,尾尖上(shang)(shang)翹。被(bei)毛柔軟有(you)彈性,絨層厚實,被(bei)毛覆蓋良(liang)好,用兩(liang)手分開毛叢,可見亮白(bai)、密而長(chang)的絨叢。
(2)內在(zai)品(pin)(pin)質指標 遼寧絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)是世界最優秀(xiu)的(de)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),是我國(guo)農(nong)業領(ling)域擁有(you)自主(zhu)(zhu)知識產(chan)(chan)權的(de)特殊(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)資源,是廣大(da)農(nong)牧(mu)民(min)脫貧(pin)致富的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。一直(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)產(chan)(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)量最高、出絨(rong)(rong)(rong)多、絨(rong)(rong)(rong)細(xi)度(du)(du)好和(he)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)纖維長等綜合品(pin)(pin)質優秀(xiu)而居世界白絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)之冠;又以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)遺傳性能穩(wen)定,雜交改良(liang)效果非常顯著,被(bei)譽為“中(zhong)華國(guo)寶(bao)”。長期以(yi)(yi)(yi)來被(bei)各大(da)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)產(chan)(chan)區引入,廣泛(fan)用于育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)改良(liang),被(bei)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)專家譽為“中(zhong)國(guo)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)之父”。在(zai)我國(guo)《國(guo)家級(ji)畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺傳資源保護名(ming)錄(lu)》中(zhong)列需要保護的(de)羊(yang)類首位,是我國(guo)政府明令禁止出境的(de)極少數畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)之一。成年公羊(yang)體(ti)重40kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、產(chan)(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)量450g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),成年母(mu)羊(yang)體(ti)重30kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),產(chan)(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)量300g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang);絨(rong)(rong)(rong)自然長度(du)(du)40mm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang);絨(rong)(rong)(rong)細(xi)度(du)(du)10-20μm;含絨(rong)(rong)(rong)率60%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang);屠(tu)宰率春冬30%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),夏秋(qiu)35%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。改良(liang)低產(chan)(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)羊(yang)產(chan)(chan)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)量平均(jun)提(ti)高100g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),個體(ti)體(ti)重平均(jun)增(zeng)加3kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。
(3)安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求 遼(liao)寧絨(rong)山羊所采食(shi)的飼(si)(si)料(liao)應(ying)符合(he)(he)《綠色(se)食(shi)品(pin)飼(si)(si)料(liao)及(ji)飼(si)(si)料(liao)添加劑(ji)使(shi)用(yong)準則》、《飼(si)(si)料(liao)衛(wei)生標準》。獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)應(ying)符合(he)(he)《中華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)典》、《中華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)獸(shou)(shou)藥(yao)規(gui)范(fan)》、NY5126-2002《無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)肉(rou)牛(niu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)獸(shou)(shou)醫防(fang)(fang)疫(yi)準則》并(bing)在獸(shou)(shou)醫指導下進行(xing)。對(dui)隔離治療的羊,待其(qi)完(wan)全(quan)健(jian)康后方可轉入健(jian)康群體。需要(yao)處理(li)(li)(li)的病(bing)(bing)羊,應(ying)參照GBl6548-1996《畜禽病(bing)(bing)害(hai)肉(rou)尸(shi)及(ji)其(qi)產品(pin)無(wu)害(hai)化處理(li)(li)(li)規(gui)程(cheng)》牛(niu)的要(yao)求進行(xing)處理(li)(li)(li)。飼(si)(si)養(yang)場內應(ying)設羊糞尿、褥草和(he)污物(wu)等處理(li)(li)(li)設施,廢棄物(wu)應(ying)遵循減量(liang)化、無(wu)害(hai)化和(he)資源(yuan)化的原則。糞便(bian)經堆積發酵后可做農業用(yong)肥(fei)(fei), 污水應(ying)經發酵、沉淀(dian)后才能(neng)作(zuo)為液(ye)體肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)。預(yu)防(fang)(fang)傳染病(bing)(bing)的疫(yi)苗(miao)應(ying)符合(he)(he)農業部的《獸(shou)(shou)用(yong)生物(wu)制品(pin)管理(li)(li)(li)辦法(fa)》的規(gui)定。 疫(yi)苗(miao)的接種(zhong)應(ying)按照《中華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)動物(wu)防(fang)(fang)疫(yi)法(fa)》、《遼(liao)寧絨(rong)山羊防(fang)(fang)疫(yi)技術規(gui)范(fan)》的要(yao)求,結合(he)(he)當地疫(yi)病(bing)(bing)的流行(xing)情況,有針對(dui)性地選用(yong)疫(yi)苗(miao),并(bing)按疫(yi)苗(miao)使(shi)用(yong)要(yao)求進行(xing)接種(zhong)。寄生蟲(chong)預(yu)防(fang)(fang)要(yao)選擇(ze)高效、安(an)全(quan)的抗寄生蟲(chong)藥(yao)。