劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)關(guan)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)腐,也(ye)(ye)稱“劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)腐”,與(yu)堅不(bu)可摧的(de)(de)劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)關(guan)相齊名。劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)關(guan)鎮的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)腐以劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)山區礫巖油沙石土(tu)出產的(de)(de)黃豆(dou)(dou)(dou)為原料,使(shi)用來自劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)七十一峰(feng)的(de)(de)“劍(jian)(jian)泉”水(shui),經浸豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、磨(mo)漿、濾渣(zha)、煮漿、點漿、脫水(shui)等(deng)工(gong)序制成(cheng)。與(yu)其(qi)它地(di)方的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)腐比較,它的(de)(de)突出特色(se)有四:一是(shi)顏色(se)雪白;二是(shi)質(zhi)地(di)細嫩;三是(shi)韌性極強,無論切(qie)塊、拉條(tiao)、開片、切(qie)絲都(dou)得心應(ying)手,隨意成(cheng)形(xing),不(bu)碎不(bu)爛;四是(shi)味道鮮(xian)美,就是(shi)距劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)30公里的(de)(de)劍(jian)(jian)閣縣(xian)城(cheng)里做的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)腐也(ye)(ye)比不(bu)上。采用炒、炸(zha)、熘、燒、燉、蒸、氽、涼(liang)拌等(deng)烹調方法,可制作出200多(duo)個(ge)品種的(de)(de)菜肴。
簡要介紹
“劍(jian)門(men)關(guan)(guan)(guan)豆腐(fu)”,與(yu)堅不(bu)可(ke)摧的(de)(de)劍(jian)門(men)關(guan)(guan)(guan)相齊名。劍(jian)門(men)關(guan)(guan)(guan)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)豆腐(fu)以劍(jian)門(men)山區礫巖油沙石(shi)土出產(chan)的(de)(de)黃豆為(wei)原料,使用來自劍(jian)門(men)七十一(yi)峰的(de)(de)“劍(jian)泉(quan)”水,經(jing)浸豆、磨漿、濾渣(zha)、煮漿、點(dian)漿、脫水等工序制成(cheng)。與(yu)其它地(di)方的(de)(de)豆腐(fu)比(bi)較,它的(de)(de)突出特色(se)有四(si)(si):一(yi)是顏(yan)色(se)雪白;二是質(zhi)地(di)細嫩;三是韌性極強,無論切塊、拉條、開(kai)片、切絲都(dou)得(de)心(xin)應手,隨意成(cheng)形,不(bu)碎不(bu)爛;四(si)(si)是味道鮮美,就是距劍(jian)門(men)30公里的(de)(de)劍(jian)閣縣城里做的(de)(de)豆腐(fu)也比(bi)不(bu)上。采用炒、炸、熘(liu)、燒、燉、蒸(zheng)、氽、涼拌等烹調(diao)方法,可(ke)制作出200多個品種的(de)(de)菜肴(yao)。
文化淵源
劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)關(guan)(guan)(guan),位于(yu)四川省廣元市(shi)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)閣(ge)縣城北(bei)30公(gong)(gong)里(li)處。它居于(yu)大(da)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)山中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)處,兩(liang)旁斷(duan)崖(ya)峭壁(bi), 直入云霄,峰巒倚天似劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian);絕(jue)崖(ya)斷(duan)離,兩(liang)壁(bi)相(xiang)對(dui),其狀(zhuang)似門(men)(men)(men)(men),故(gu)稱“劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)”。享有“劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)天下險”之(zhi)譽,俗稱“天下第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)”。1982年(nian)(nian)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院列(lie)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級風景名勝區(qu)。巍峨劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men),扼入蜀的(de)(de)咽喉(hou),由于(yu)它地(di)勢險要,歷來為(wei)(wei)兵(bing)(bing)家必爭之(zhi)地(di)。歷史(shi)(shi)上曾(ceng)經(jing)發(fa)生(sheng)過許多戰事和(he)傳說。 椐(ju)史(shi)(shi)料記載,劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)關(guan)(guan)(guan)所(suo)在(zai)的(de)(de)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)關(guan)(guan)(guan)鎮的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)制(zhi)作(zuo)技術起源于(yu)公(gong)(gong)元3世(shi)紀(三(san)國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)),有千(qian)(qian)年(nian)(nian)多的(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)。當時(shi),蜀漢(han)(han)大(da)將軍姜(jiang)維(wei)在(zai)漢(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)被魏將鐘會,鄧艾(ai)打敗后,退到險隘(ai)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)關(guan)(guan)(guan)。當時(shi)姜(jiang)維(wei)營中(zhong)(zhong)兵(bing)(bing)疲(pi)不(bu)能(neng)戰,馬乏(fa)不(bu)能(neng)騎(qi),眼看(kan)蜀北(bei)屏(ping)障劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)危在(zai)旦夕。劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)方(fang)官忙向姜(jiang)維(wei)獻(xian)計:閉(bi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)三(san)日不(bu)戰,號令百姓家家磨豆(dou)(dou)漿,以(yi)豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)犒賞士(shi)兵(bing)(bing),以(yi)豆(dou)(dou)渣喂戰馬,待(dai)兵(bing)(bing)馬體力(li)恢(hui)復(fu)再戰。此計確實(shi)很靈。使(shi)士(shi)兵(bing)(bing)和(he)戰馬體力(li)迅速得到恢(hui)復(fu)。三(san)日之(zhi)后,姜(jiang)維(wei)僅引五千(qian)(qian)兵(bing)(bing)將殺下關(guan)(guan)(guan)去,大(da)敗鐘會,使(shi)魏兵(bing)(bing)倒退數十里(li)下寨,解了劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)危急。公(gong)(gong)元755年(nian)(nian)-762年(nian)(nian)(唐(tang)安(an)史(shi)(shi)之(zhi)亂)時(shi),唐(tang)玄宗出(chu)走四川,因為(wei)(wei)在(zai)馬嵬坡死了楊貴(gui)妃,他一(yi)(yi)(yi)路茶(cha)飯不(bu)思。途經(jing)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men),鄉民(min)用豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)宴(yan)接駕。玄宗胃口大(da)開,乃(nai)問:“此乃(nai)何物做成(cheng)(cheng)?”答曰:“金豆(dou)(dou)豆(dou)(dou)。”玄宗便賜名為(wei)(wei)“皇豆(dou)(dou)”。后來,老百姓怕犯禁忌(ji),就(jiu)改稱“黃豆(dou)(dou)”。鄧小(xiao)平、郭沫若等名人(ren)嘗過劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)后,都贊(zan)不(bu)絕(jue)口,故(gu)有“不(bu)吃劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu),枉游劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)關(guan)(guan)(guan)”之(zhi)說。劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)鎮有個(ge)人(ren)叫董凱(kai),經(jing)多年(nian)(nian)研(yan)究,發(fa)明(ming)了“即食保鮮豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)”,保質(zhi)期(qi)達8-10個(ge)月(yue),可制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)各種風味的(de)(de)袋裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、罐裝(zhuang)(zhuang)豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu),已獲國(guo)(guo)(guo)家發(fa)明(ming)專利走向世(shi)界各地(di)了。關(guan)(guan)(guan)于(yu)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)兩(liang)條語錄(lu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)條是(shi)(shi)偉人(ren)毛澤東(dong)的(de)(de)話:“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)有特殊性的(de)(de),別(bie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)比不(bu)上,可以(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)化。”另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條是(shi)(shi)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)《經(jing)濟雜(za)志》的(de)(de)話:“未來十年(nian)(nian),最(zui)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)而(er)最(zui)有市(shi)場潛力(li)的(de)(de)并非汽車(che)、電視(shi)機和(he)電子產品,而(er)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)。”
工藝特點
“劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)”都是(shi)用(yong)石(shi)(shi)磨(mo)推、拐磨(mo)拐,磨(mo)出(chu)的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)渣少,點出(chu)的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)不僅量多(duo)(duo),而(er)且柔(rou)滑水(shui)嫩,吃(chi)起來上(shang)(shang)口(kou)。在劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)關鎮(zhen)古樸的(de)(de)小(xiao)街上(shang)(shang)吃(chi)飯(fan),隨便走(zou)進(jin)一(yi)家,菜(cai)(cai)單上(shang)(shang)全是(shi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)菜(cai)(cai)品(pin)(pin),一(yi)二(er)百個菜(cai)(cai)名(ming)看得(de)人眼花繚亂,沒(mei)飽(bao)口(kou)福先飽(bao)眼福。千(qian)百年(nian)來,劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)人民創造了很(hen)(hen)多(duo)(duo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作、烹調豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法,使之逐(zhu)步形(xing)成了特(te)色(se)顯(xian)著的(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)名(ming)產。據悉,縣城和其它地方(fang)(fang)將到門(men)(men)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作、烹調豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)好手請(qing)去,但做出(chu)來的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)無論(lun)顏色(se)和味道(dao)都相(xiang)差很(hen)(hen)大。致其原因有(you)(you)三(san):一(yi)是(shi)劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)在劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)山區的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)沙地里,土質(zhi)干燥(zao),透風(feng)良好,產出(chu)的(de)(de)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)蛋白、脂肪含(han)量高;二(er)是(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)水(shui),是(shi)來自劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)七(qi)十二(er)峰的(de)(de)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui),有(you)(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)礦泉(quan)(quan)質(zhi)成份(fen),所(suo)以豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)特(te)別好吃(chi);三(san)是(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作方(fang)(fang)法精細考究(jiu),技藝獨特(te)。當(dang)您走(zou)進(jin)1000多(duo)(duo)人口(kou)的(de)(de)古鎮(zhen),只見磨(mo)圖冊2 劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)關豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)傳統加工(gong)工(gong)藝(6張)上(shang)(shang)推著的(de)(de),店面擺著的(de)(de),籠(long)里蒸著的(de)(de),鍋里煮(zhu)著的(de)(de),全都是(shi)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)。隨便在一(yi)家酒樓吃(chi)飯(fan),都能點上(shang)(shang)了全是(shi)各式各樣的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)菜(cai)(cai)。劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)人做成的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)菜(cai)(cai)式,還上(shang)(shang)了《中國(guo)文(wen)化小(xiao)百科全書》。劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)很(hen)(hen)講究(jiu)烹調方(fang)(fang)法,有(you)(you)炒(chao)、炸、焰、燒、蒸、煎、燉和涼拌(ban)等180多(duo)(duo)個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),隨著劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)三(san)國(guo)文(wen)化的(de)(de)開發,又制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作了燈籠(long)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)、懷胎豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)、草船偷箭、水(shui)淹(yan)七(qi)軍、八陣圖等十多(duo)(duo)個新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。 名(ming)優菜(cai)(cai)式:劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)宴——形(xing)成了一(yi)系列的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)系,總(zong)共有(you)(you)近兩百多(duo)(duo)道(dao)菜(cai)(cai)品(pin)(pin)。天地豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)王——2003年(nian)9月28日(ri),獲(huo)準(zhun)入選(xuan)吉尼(ni)斯世(shi)(shi)界紀錄(lu),成為世(shi)(shi)界公認的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大最(zui)(zui)重品(pin)(pin)嘗(chang)人數最(zui)(zui)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)。“豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)王”長2.2米,寬1.2米,高0.9米,重量為3300公斤。劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)干——用(yong)劍(jian)(jian)門(men)(men)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)為原料,經(jing)過(guo)壓榨,鹵(lu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)成的(de)(de)口(kou)感好,營養價值(zhi)高,采用(yong)真(zhen)空包裝的(de)(de)綠色(se)休閑食品(pin)(pin),有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)風(feng)味。