閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)參,四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)市(shi)特產(chan)(chan),中(zhong)國地理標志產(chan)(chan)品(農產(chan)(chan)品地理標志)。閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)參原產(chan)(chan)于(yu)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)市(shi)境內海拔500-800米(mi)的(de)丘陵山區(qu),產(chan)(chan)區(qu)已通過無公害農產(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地整體認定,為川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)參的(de)適生(sheng)區(qu)域。閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)參有300多年的(de)栽培歷史,所產(chan)(chan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)參條勻(yun)、體重、色黃白(bai)、斷面角質樣。食用(yong)味(wei)道鮮美,養(yang)胃潤腸(chang),清肺益腎,益肝明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)目,補血(xue)益氣;藥(yao)用(yong)可用(yong)于(yu)肺熱燥咳、陰虛勞嗽、干咳痰粘、氣陰不足、煩(fan)熱口干等(deng)癥。
產地環境
閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)市是四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)省(sheng)轄市,由南(nan)充市代管。位于(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)北(bei)(bei)部(bu),嘉陵江中(zhong)(zhong)游。介(jie)于(yu)(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)經105°41′~106°24′,北(bei)(bei)緯31°22′~31°51′之(zhi)間。東(dong)(dong)靠巴中(zhong)(zhong)市、儀隴縣,南(nan)連南(nan)部(bu)縣,西鄰劍閣縣,北(bei)(bei)接蒼溪(xi)縣。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)丘(qiu)陵區向川(chuan)北(bei)(bei)低(di)(di)山(shan)區過(guo)渡地(di)帶。全境東(dong)(dong)西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)高,中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)部(bu)低(di)(di),呈堰尾(wei)槽(cao)狀地(di)勢和(he)多層次梯級地(di)形,海拔328~888.8米。低(di)(di)山(shan)、高丘(qiu)、中(zhong)(zhong)丘(qiu)占(zhan)幅員(yuan)面積92%,低(di)(di)丘(qiu)、平壩占(zhan)6.31%,水(shui)(shui)域(yu)占(zhan)1.69%。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)屬亞熱帶濕潤(run)季風氣(qi)候區,氣(qi)候溫(wen)和(he),四(si)季分明(ming),年均溫(wen)度17℃,極端最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)39℃,最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)-4℃。常年無霜期290天,年均日照1400小時,年均降水(shui)(shui)量1000毫米左右(you)。氣(qi)候溫(wen)和(he),雨量充沛,光(guang)照適(shi)度,同(tong)時,該區域(yu)土地(di)肥沃,動(dong)植(zhi)物及各種自然資(zi)源豐富。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)參原產(chan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)市龍(long)泉(quan)、千佛、鶴峰等24個鄉(xiang)鎮(辦事處(chu)),處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)海拔500-800米的丘(qiu)陵山(shan)區,是川(chuan)明(ming)參的最(zui)(zui)佳(jia)適(shi)宜(yi)種植(zhi)區,其獨特的土壤(rang)、水(shui)(shui)質、氣(qi)候特點,特別適(shi)合川(chuan)明(ming)參生(sheng)長、發育(yu),產(chan)區通過(guo)無公(gong)害農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)整體認定。
品種特性
川明參(can)(can),又名沙參(can)(can)、明參(can)(can),來源于傘形科(ke)植(zhi)物川明參(can)(can)(Chuanmingshen violoaceum Sheh et Shan)的根。具有滋陰補肺,健脾和胃、生津、解毒等功(gong)效,是集醫(yi)療、食療為一(yi)體(ti)的古之貢品。
閬中川明(ming)參(can)呈細長(chang)圓柱形、長(chang)紡錘形或不規則(ze)條塊(kuai),長(chang)6-20厘(li)米,直徑0.5-2厘(li)米。表面黃白色或淡(dan)棕色,光滑或有(you)(you)(you)縱溝紋及須(xu)根(gen)痕(hen),有(you)(you)(you)的具紅棕色斑點。質(zhi)(zhi)硬(ying)而脆,斷面角質(zhi)(zhi)樣,皮部黃白色,較易剝離,木(mu)部類白色。氣微,味淡(dan)。以(yi)條勻、體重(zhong)、色黃白、斷面角質(zhi)(zhi)樣者(zhe)為(wei)佳。閬中川明(ming)參(can)食用(yong)味道(dao)鮮(xian)(xian)美,具有(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)嫩、粉足(zu)、湯(tang)鮮(xian)(xian)等特(te)點,可(ke)養胃潤(run)腸,清肺益腎,益肝明(ming)目(mu),補血益氣;藥用(yong)可(ke)用(yong)于(yu)肺熱燥咳、陰虛勞嗽(sou)、干咳痰粘、氣陰不足(zu)、煩(fan)熱口干等癥(zheng)。
研(yan)究表明(ming):閬中川明(ming)參主要含(han)有(you)多(duo)糖(tang)、補(bu)骨脂素、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄(tao)(tao)糖(tang)醛酸(suan)甙、蘆丁、豆甾(zai)醇、豆甾(zai)醇-葡萄(tao)(tao)糖(tang)甙、棕櫚酸(suan)及(ji)硬脂酸(suan)的混合物(wu)等,并含(han)有(you)豐富的粗蛋白(bai)、磷脂、礦物(wu)質、維生素、微量元素和十(shi)余種氨(an)基酸(suan)。川明(ming)參水煎(jian)煮液(ye)、95%乙醇提取(qu)物(wu)以及(ji)石(shi)油醚(mi)提取(qu)物(wu)具有(you)明(ming)顯的鎮(zhen)咳(ke)祛(qu)痰以及(ji)增強小(xiao)鼠特(te)(te)異(yi)性及(ji)非特(te)(te)異(yi)性體液(ye)免疫(yi)的作用;川明(ming)參多(duo)糖(tang)具有(you)增強小(xiao)鼠特(te)(te)異(yi)性及(ji)非特(te)(te)異(yi)性體液(ye)免疫(yi)的作用。