閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can),四川(chuan)(chuan)省閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)市特產(chan)(chan),中(zhong)(zhong)國地(di)理標(biao)志產(chan)(chan)品(農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志)。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)原產(chan)(chan)于四川(chuan)(chuan)省閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)市境(jing)內海(hai)拔500-800米的丘陵山(shan)區,產(chan)(chan)區已通過無公害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)基地(di)整體認(ren)定,為川(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)的適生區域。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)有300多年的栽培歷史,所產(chan)(chan)明(ming)參(can)(can)條勻、體重、色黃白、斷(duan)面角質樣。食用(yong)味(wei)道(dao)鮮美,養胃潤腸(chang),清肺益(yi)(yi)腎,益(yi)(yi)肝(gan)明(ming)目(mu),補血益(yi)(yi)氣(qi);藥(yao)用(yong)可(ke)用(yong)于肺熱燥咳、陰虛(xu)勞嗽、干(gan)咳痰粘、氣(qi)陰不足、煩熱口(kou)干(gan)等癥(zheng)。
產地環境
閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)是四川(chuan)省省轄市(shi),由南充市(shi)代(dai)管。位于(yu)四川(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)(di)北(bei)部(bu),嘉陵江中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)游。介于(yu)東經105°41′~106°24′,北(bei)緯(wei)31°22′~31°51′之(zhi)間(jian)。東靠巴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)、儀隴縣(xian)(xian),南連南部(bu)縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)鄰(lin)劍閣(ge)縣(xian)(xian),北(bei)接蒼(cang)溪縣(xian)(xian)。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)于(yu)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丘(qiu)陵區(qu)向川(chuan)北(bei)低山(shan)區(qu)過渡(du)地(di)(di)帶(dai)。全境東西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)高(gao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南部(bu)低,呈堰(yan)尾槽(cao)狀地(di)(di)勢和(he)多層次梯級地(di)(di)形,海拔328~888.8米(mi)。低山(shan)、高(gao)丘(qiu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丘(qiu)占幅員(yuan)面積92%,低丘(qiu)、平(ping)壩占6.31%,水域(yu)占1.69%。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬亞熱帶(dai)濕潤季(ji)風氣(qi)候區(qu),氣(qi)候溫(wen)和(he),四季(ji)分明,年均溫(wen)度17℃,極端(duan)最高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)39℃,最低氣(qi)溫(wen)-4℃。常(chang)年無霜期(qi)290天(tian),年均日照(zhao)1400小(xiao)時,年均降水量1000毫米(mi)左右。氣(qi)候溫(wen)和(he),雨量充沛(pei),光照(zhao)適(shi)度,同時,該區(qu)域(yu)土地(di)(di)肥沃,動植物及各種自然資源豐富。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)明參原產(chan)于(yu)閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)龍泉(quan)、千佛、鶴峰等24個鄉鎮(辦事處(chu)),處(chu)于(yu)海拔500-800米(mi)的丘(qiu)陵山(shan)區(qu),是川(chuan)明參的最佳適(shi)宜種植區(qu),其獨特(te)的土壤、水質、氣(qi)候特(te)點,特(te)別適(shi)合川(chuan)明參生(sheng)長、發育(yu),產(chan)區(qu)通過無公害農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)(di)整(zheng)體認定。
品種特性
川明參(can),又名沙參(can)、明參(can),來源于傘形科植物川明參(can)(Chuanmingshen violoaceum Sheh et Shan)的根。具有滋(zi)陰補肺,健(jian)脾(pi)和胃、生津、解毒等功效,是集醫(yi)療、食療為一體(ti)的古之貢品。
閬中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)參呈細長(chang)圓柱形、長(chang)紡(fang)錘形或不規則(ze)條(tiao)塊,長(chang)6-20厘米(mi),直徑0.5-2厘米(mi)。表面(mian)黃白色(se)(se)或淡棕色(se)(se),光滑(hua)或有縱溝紋及(ji)須根痕,有的具紅棕色(se)(se)斑(ban)點。質(zhi)硬(ying)而(er)脆,斷(duan)面(mian)角質(zhi)樣,皮部黃白色(se)(se),較易剝離(li),木部類白色(se)(se)。氣(qi)微,味(wei)淡。以條(tiao)勻(yun)、體(ti)重、色(se)(se)黃白、斷(duan)面(mian)角質(zhi)樣者為(wei)佳。閬中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)參食用味(wei)道鮮(xian)(xian)美(mei),具有質(zhi)嫩、粉足(zu)、湯鮮(xian)(xian)等特點,可(ke)養胃(wei)潤腸,清肺(fei)益(yi)(yi)腎,益(yi)(yi)肝明(ming)目,補(bu)血益(yi)(yi)氣(qi);藥(yao)用可(ke)用于肺(fei)熱(re)燥(zao)咳(ke)、陰(yin)虛勞(lao)嗽、干咳(ke)痰(tan)粘、氣(qi)陰(yin)不足(zu)、煩熱(re)口干等癥。
研究表明(ming)(ming):閬中川(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)(can)主(zhu)要含有多(duo)糖、補骨脂素、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸(suan)甙、蘆丁(ding)、豆(dou)甾醇、豆(dou)甾醇-葡萄糖甙、棕櫚酸(suan)及(ji)硬(ying)脂酸(suan)的(de)混合物等(deng),并含有豐(feng)富的(de)粗(cu)蛋白、磷脂、礦(kuang)物質、維生素、微量元素和十余種氨基酸(suan)。川(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)(can)水煎煮液、95%乙醇提(ti)取(qu)物以及(ji)石油醚提(ti)取(qu)物具(ju)有明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)鎮(zhen)咳祛(qu)痰以及(ji)增強小鼠(shu)特異(yi)性及(ji)非特異(yi)性體液免(mian)疫的(de)作用;川(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)(can)多(duo)糖具(ju)有增強小鼠(shu)特異(yi)性及(ji)非特異(yi)性體液免(mian)疫的(de)作用。