閬(lang)中川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can),四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)閬(lang)中市(shi)特產(chan),中國地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi))。閬(lang)中川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)原(yuan)產(chan)于四川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)閬(lang)中市(shi)境內(nei)海拔500-800米(mi)的(de)(de)丘陵山區(qu),產(chan)區(qu)已(yi)通過無公害農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)基(ji)地(di)整(zheng)體認定,為川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)的(de)(de)適生區(qu)域(yu)。閬(lang)中川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)有300多年(nian)的(de)(de)栽培歷史,所(suo)產(chan)明(ming)參(can)(can)條勻、體重、色(se)黃白、斷面角(jiao)質樣。食(shi)用(yong)味道鮮美(mei),養胃潤腸,清(qing)肺益(yi)(yi)腎(shen),益(yi)(yi)肝明(ming)目,補血(xue)益(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi);藥用(yong)可(ke)用(yong)于肺熱(re)燥咳(ke)(ke)、陰虛(xu)勞(lao)嗽(sou)、干咳(ke)(ke)痰(tan)粘、氣(qi)(qi)陰不足、煩(fan)熱(re)口干等癥。
產地環境
閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)市是(shi)四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省省轄市,由南(nan)充(chong)(chong)市代管。位于四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)盆地北(bei)部(bu),嘉陵(ling)江(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)游。介于東(dong)經105°41′~106°24′,北(bei)緯31°22′~31°51′之(zhi)間。東(dong)靠巴中(zhong)(zhong)市、儀隴縣(xian)(xian),南(nan)連南(nan)部(bu)縣(xian)(xian),西鄰劍閣縣(xian)(xian),北(bei)接蒼溪縣(xian)(xian)。閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)處于川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)丘陵(ling)區(qu)向(xiang)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)北(bei)低(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)過渡地帶。全境東(dong)西北(bei)部(bu)高,中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)部(bu)低(di)(di)(di),呈堰尾(wei)槽(cao)狀地勢和多層次梯級地形,海拔328~888.8米(mi)。低(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)、高丘、中(zhong)(zhong)丘占幅(fu)員(yuan)面積92%,低(di)(di)(di)丘、平壩占6.31%,水域(yu)占1.69%。閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)屬亞熱帶濕潤季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和,四(si)(si)(si)季分明,年(nian)均溫(wen)度(du)17℃,極(ji)端(duan)最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)39℃,最低(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-4℃。常年(nian)無霜期290天,年(nian)均日照(zhao)1400小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),年(nian)均降(jiang)水量(liang)1000毫米(mi)左右。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和,雨量(liang)充(chong)(chong)沛,光照(zhao)適(shi)度(du),同時(shi)(shi),該區(qu)域(yu)土(tu)地肥沃(wo),動(dong)植物及各(ge)種自(zi)然資源豐富。閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明參(can)原產(chan)于閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)市龍泉、千佛、鶴峰等24個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(辦事處),處于海拔500-800米(mi)的丘陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)區(qu),是(shi)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明參(can)的最佳適(shi)宜種植區(qu),其(qi)獨特(te)的土(tu)壤(rang)、水質、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)點,特(te)別適(shi)合川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明參(can)生長(chang)、發育,產(chan)區(qu)通過無公害農產(chan)品生產(chan)基(ji)地整(zheng)體(ti)認定。
品種特性
川明(ming)(ming)參(can),又名沙參(can)、明(ming)(ming)參(can),來源于傘(san)形科植物川明(ming)(ming)參(can)(Chuanmingshen violoaceum Sheh et Shan)的根。具(ju)有滋陰補肺(fei),健(jian)脾和胃、生(sheng)津(jin)、解毒等(deng)功效,是集醫療(liao)、食療(liao)為一體的古之(zhi)貢品。
閬中(zhong)川明(ming)參(can)呈(cheng)細長圓柱(zhu)形、長紡錘形或(huo)不規則條塊,長6-20厘米,直徑0.5-2厘米。表面黃白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)或(huo)淡(dan)棕色(se)(se)(se),光滑(hua)或(huo)有縱溝紋及須根痕,有的具紅棕色(se)(se)(se)斑點。質(zhi)硬而脆,斷面角質(zhi)樣,皮部黃白(bai)色(se)(se)(se),較(jiao)易剝離,木部類白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)。氣微,味淡(dan)。以條勻、體重(zhong)、色(se)(se)(se)黃白(bai)、斷面角質(zhi)樣者為佳(jia)。閬中(zhong)川明(ming)參(can)食用味道鮮美,具有質(zhi)嫩(nen)、粉足、湯(tang)鮮等特點,可養胃(wei)潤腸,清肺(fei)益腎,益肝明(ming)目,補血益氣;藥用可用于肺(fei)熱燥咳、陰虛(xu)勞嗽、干咳痰粘、氣陰不足、煩熱口干等癥。
研究表(biao)明(ming)(ming):閬中川(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)主(zhu)要(yao)含有(you)多(duo)糖(tang)、補骨脂素(su)、槲皮素(su)-3-O-葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)糖(tang)醛酸甙、蘆丁(ding)、豆甾醇、豆甾醇-葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)糖(tang)甙、棕櫚酸及(ji)硬脂酸的(de)混合物(wu)等,并含有(you)豐富的(de)粗蛋(dan)白、磷脂、礦物(wu)質(zhi)、維生素(su)、微量元(yuan)素(su)和十余種氨(an)基酸。川(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)水煎煮液、95%乙醇提取物(wu)以及(ji)石(shi)油醚提取物(wu)具有(you)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)鎮咳祛(qu)痰以及(ji)增強小鼠(shu)(shu)特異(yi)性(xing)及(ji)非(fei)特異(yi)性(xing)體液免疫的(de)作用;川(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)多(duo)糖(tang)具有(you)增強小鼠(shu)(shu)特異(yi)性(xing)及(ji)非(fei)特異(yi)性(xing)體液免疫的(de)作用。