閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參,四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)特(te)產(chan),中(zhong)(zhong)國地(di)理(li)標志產(chan)品(農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志)。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參原產(chan)于四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)境內海(hai)拔500-800米(mi)的丘陵(ling)山區,產(chan)區已通(tong)過無公害農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)整體認(ren)定,為川(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參的適生(sheng)區域(yu)。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參有(you)300多(duo)年(nian)的栽培(pei)歷史,所產(chan)明(ming)(ming)參條勻、體重、色黃白、斷面角(jiao)質樣。食用味道(dao)鮮美,養胃潤腸(chang),清肺益(yi)腎,益(yi)肝明(ming)(ming)目(mu),補血(xue)益(yi)氣(qi);藥用可(ke)用于肺熱(re)燥咳、陰虛勞嗽(sou)、干咳痰(tan)粘、氣(qi)陰不足、煩熱(re)口干等癥(zheng)。
產地環境
閬中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)是(shi)四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)省(sheng)轄市(shi)(shi),由南(nan)充市(shi)(shi)代管。位于(yu)(yu)四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu),嘉陵(ling)江中(zhong)(zhong)游(you)。介于(yu)(yu)東經105°41′~106°24′,北(bei)(bei)緯31°22′~31°51′之間。東靠(kao)巴中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)、儀隴(long)縣(xian),南(nan)連(lian)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)縣(xian),西鄰劍閣(ge)縣(xian),北(bei)(bei)接(jie)蒼溪(xi)縣(xian)。閬中(zhong)(zhong)處于(yu)(yu)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)向(xiang)川(chuan)北(bei)(bei)低山(shan)區(qu)過(guo)渡地(di)帶(dai)。全境(jing)東西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)高(gao),中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)低,呈堰(yan)尾槽狀(zhuang)地(di)勢和多層次梯級地(di)形,海拔328~888.8米。低山(shan)、高(gao)丘(qiu)(qiu)、中(zhong)(zhong)丘(qiu)(qiu)占幅員(yuan)面積92%,低丘(qiu)(qiu)、平壩占6.31%,水域(yu)(yu)占1.69%。閬中(zhong)(zhong)屬亞(ya)熱帶(dai)濕潤(run)季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu),氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和,四(si)季分明(ming),年均溫(wen)度17℃,極端最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)39℃,最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-4℃。常年無霜期290天(tian),年均日照1400小(xiao)時,年均降(jiang)水量1000毫米左(zuo)右。氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和,雨量充沛(pei),光(guang)照適度,同時,該區(qu)域(yu)(yu)土地(di)肥沃,動植物(wu)及各種(zhong)自然資源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)。閬中(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)原產(chan)于(yu)(yu)閬中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)龍(long)泉、千佛(fo)、鶴峰等(deng)24個(ge)鄉鎮(辦(ban)事處),處于(yu)(yu)海拔500-800米的(de)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)山(shan)區(qu),是(shi)川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)的(de)最佳適宜種(zhong)植區(qu),其獨特(te)(te)的(de)土壤、水質、氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)(te)點(dian),特(te)(te)別(bie)適合(he)川(chuan)明(ming)參(can)(can)生長、發育,產(chan)區(qu)通過(guo)無公(gong)害農產(chan)品生產(chan)基地(di)整體認(ren)定。
品種特性
川(chuan)明(ming)參,又名沙參、明(ming)參,來(lai)源于傘(san)形科(ke)植物川(chuan)明(ming)參(Chuanmingshen violoaceum Sheh et Shan)的根(gen)。具有(you)滋陰補肺,健脾和(he)胃、生津(jin)、解毒等功效(xiao),是集醫療(liao)、食療(liao)為一體(ti)的古之貢品。
閬(lang)中川明(ming)參(can)呈細長(chang)(chang)圓柱形(xing)(xing)、長(chang)(chang)紡錘形(xing)(xing)或不規則(ze)條塊(kuai),長(chang)(chang)6-20厘(li)(li)米,直徑0.5-2厘(li)(li)米。表面(mian)黃(huang)白(bai)色(se)或淡棕(zong)色(se),光滑(hua)或有(you)縱(zong)溝紋及須根痕(hen),有(you)的(de)具紅棕(zong)色(se)斑點。質(zhi)硬而脆,斷面(mian)角質(zhi)樣,皮部(bu)黃(huang)白(bai)色(se),較易剝離,木部(bu)類白(bai)色(se)。氣(qi)(qi)微,味淡。以條勻、體重、色(se)黃(huang)白(bai)、斷面(mian)角質(zhi)樣者為(wei)佳。閬(lang)中川明(ming)參(can)食用味道鮮美,具有(you)質(zhi)嫩、粉足、湯鮮等(deng)(deng)特點,可養胃潤腸(chang),清肺益腎,益肝(gan)明(ming)目,補血益氣(qi)(qi);藥用可用于肺熱(re)燥(zao)咳、陰虛勞嗽(sou)、干(gan)咳痰粘、氣(qi)(qi)陰不足、煩熱(re)口干(gan)等(deng)(deng)癥。
研(yan)究表明(ming):閬(lang)中(zhong)川明(ming)參主(zhu)要(yao)含有(you)(you)多糖(tang)、補骨脂素(su)、槲皮素(su)-3-O-葡(pu)萄糖(tang)醛(quan)酸甙、蘆(lu)丁、豆甾醇(chun)、豆甾醇(chun)-葡(pu)萄糖(tang)甙、棕櫚酸及硬(ying)脂酸的(de)混合物(wu)等,并含有(you)(you)豐富的(de)粗蛋(dan)白、磷脂、礦物(wu)質、維生素(su)、微量元(yuan)素(su)和(he)十余種氨基酸。川明(ming)參水煎煮液(ye)、95%乙醇(chun)提(ti)取物(wu)以及石油(you)醚提(ti)取物(wu)具有(you)(you)明(ming)顯的(de)鎮咳祛痰(tan)以及增(zeng)強小鼠特(te)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)及非特(te)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)體液(ye)免疫的(de)作用;川明(ming)參多糖(tang)具有(you)(you)增(zeng)強小鼠特(te)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)及非特(te)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)體液(ye)免疫的(de)作用。