松(song)貝(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)是川(chuan)貝(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)母的一種(zhong)。在我國,貝(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)母品種(zhong)有十多種(zhong),其中(zhong)最有名的有川(chuan)貝(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、青貝(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)和浙貝(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),川(chuan)貝(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)中(zhong)又以(yi)松(song)貝(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)為最優。
產地
松(song)(song)貝主產(chan)于(yu)“松(song)(song)潘(pan)草地(di)(di)”,即阿壩州松(song)(song)潘(pan)、紅原、若爾蓋的(de)大片草地(di)(di)上(shang)。因過(guo)去松(song)(song)潘(pan)為川(chuan)、甘、青土特產(chan)品集(ji)散地(di)(di),這一帶的(de)貝母(mu)都(dou)運(yun)到松(song)(song)州城(cheng)里來做交易,故得名松(song)(song)貝。
特征
松(song)(song)貝(bei)的(de)特(te)征(zheng)之一(yi)是“懷中(zhong)抱(bao)月”,即(ji)一(yi)片(pian)較大的(de)弧形貝(bei)母(mu)瓣(ban)抱(bao)著一(yi)片(pian)較瘦小的(de)貝(bei)母(mu)瓣(ban)。松(song)(song)貝(bei)的(de)另一(yi)特(te)征(zheng)是“嘴巴尖,0圓(yuan)(yuan)”。因(yin)其(qi)“嘴”小,所以(yi)也有人叫它為尖貝(bei);因(yin)其(qi)“0”圓(yuan)(yuan),有人驗證松(song)(song)貝(bei)真偽時,抓一(yi)把(ba)貝(bei)母(mu)撒在桌面(mian)上,如果十有八九能穩坐不動,準是松(song)(song)貝(bei)無(wu)疑。
習性
松貝為(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)合科植(zhi)物暗(an)(an)紫貝母(mu)(mu)的鱗莖。種子(zi)入土后,第(di)(di)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)冒(mao)出(chu)一(yi)匹(pi)葉(xie),老(lao)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓稱這(zhe)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的貝母(mu)(mu)為(wei)“一(yi)匹(pi)葉(xie)”;第(di)(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)抽出(chu)主桿(gan),老(lao)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓稱這(zhe)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的貝母(mu)(mu)為(wei)“樹(shu)兒子(zi)”;第(di)(di)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)開出(chu)燈籠狀的花(hua),老(lao)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓稱這(zhe)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的貝母(mu)(mu)為(wei)“燈籠花(hua)”(暗(an)(an)紫貝母(mu)(mu)的花(hua),其花(hua)瓣(ban)為(wei)暗(an)(an)紫色(se),上面(mian)有黃色(se)斑(ban)點,花(hua)蕊為(wei)桔(jie)黃色(se),非常好看)。
藥用價值
松(song)貝是(shi)潤肺消炎(yan)、鎮咳化痰的(de)名貴藥材,因此是(shi)饋贈友(you)人(ren)的(de)高級禮品。由于(yu)松(song)貝的(de)采(cai)挖(wa)季節在每年的(de)6至9月間(jian),因而松(song)貝商品也在這(zhe)時(shi)候上(shang)市。 購買(mai)松(song)貝時(shi),以(yi)(yi)顆粒小(xiao)而飽(bao)滿,色白,嘴尖,0圓(yuan)者為(wei)(wei)上(shang)品,尤以(yi)(yi)豌豆(dou)大小(xiao)的(de)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)佳,俗稱“珍珠(zhu)貝”。
產品特色
“松(song)貝(松(song)潘(pan)(pan)產區)”是(shi)(shi)松(song)潘(pan)(pan)地(di)道中藥(yao)材(cai)之一(yi),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)最具代表(biao)性(xing)的(de)名貴地(di)道瀕(bin)危珍稀(xi)藥(yao)材(cai)品(pin)種之一(yi),具有很(hen)高(gao)的(de)藥(yao)用價值(zhi)和藥(yao)膳(shan)保(bao)健食用價值(zhi)。呈類圓錐形或近球(qiu)形,表(biao)面(mian)類白色(se),質(zhi)(zhi)硬而(er)脆(cui),斷面(mian)白色(se),富(fu)粉性(xing),氣味微苦(ku)。每(mei)50g干鱗莖有240粒至960粒,經資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)單位(wei)測試,無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)野生松(song)貝(松(song)潘(pan)(pan)產區)還是(shi)(shi)人(ren)工生產的(de)松(song)貝(松(song)潘(pan)(pan)產區),品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標均高(gao)于(yu)其他(ta)區域生產的(de)貝母藥(yao)材(cai)。
松(song)貝(松(song)潘(pan)產(chan)區)地理標志(zhi)產(chan)品保護范(fan)圍為四(si)川省松(song)潘(pan)縣(xian)現轄行政(zheng)區域。