龍(long)(long)(long)峰茶產(chan)于湖北省竹溪縣(xian)。竹溪縣(xian)地處鄂、渝、陜交匯處,地處秦嶺南麓、大巴山(shan)脈東段(duan)北坡,該(gai)縣(xian)從(cong)20世(shi)紀50年(nian)代初開始將傳(chuan)統茶的種植與加工和現代先進種植與加工技術相結合,開發出了龍(long)(long)(long)峰茶。因(yin)該(gai)產(chan)品核心產(chan)區位(wei)于龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)埡,山(shan)峰霧騰如(ru)(ru)龍(long)(long)(long),相傳(chuan)是龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)藏(zang)身(shen)之地,此地產(chan)的茶葉鋒苗(miao)挺拔,沏泡后(hou)形如(ru)(ru)百龍(long)(long)(long)競(jing)游,故名(ming)為龍(long)(long)(long)峰茶。龍(long)(long)(long)峰茶外(wai)型緊細(xi)顯毫,色澤嫩(nen)綠光潤(run),整碎勻整,凈度無嫩(nen)莖。2006年(nian)11月,國(guo)家質檢總局批準對龍(long)(long)(long)峰茶實施地理標志產(chan)品保護。
生產歷史
竹溪(xi)(xi)縣地(di)處鄂、渝(yu)、陜交匯處,地(di)處秦(qin)嶺南(nan)麓、大巴山(shan)(shan)脈東段北坡。是(shi)連接華中(zhong)(zhong)地(di)區(qu)與西南(nan)、西北地(di)區(qu)的重要通(tong)道。秦(qin)巴山(shan)(shan)區(qu)是(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹原(yuan)產(chan)地(di),巴蜀(shu)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業的搖籃。特殊(shu)的地(di)理位置使竹溪(xi)(xi)古(gu)為茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)人通(tong)賈(jia)之要道,是(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)化由巴蜀(shu)向全國(guo)(guo)傳播的中(zhong)(zhong)轉站。今為秦(qin)巴山(shan)(shan)區(qu)最大的茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉集散地(di),成為中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)、西南(nan)、西北茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉主要產(chan)地(di)。竹溪(xi)(xi)遠古(gu)曾以茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)納貢。竹溪(xi)(xi)是(shi)唐(tang)代陸羽《茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經(jing)》"山(shan)(shan)南(nan)"茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區(qu)的區(qu)域之一。竹溪(xi)(xi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)各茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)原(yuan)產(chan)地(di)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)品目錄》中(zhong)(zhong)榜上(shang)有(you)名(ming)。被國(guo)(guo)家有(you)關部門授(shou)予"中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉之鄉","中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)有(you)機茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)之鄉"的稱(cheng)號。
生產情況
竹(zhu)(zhu)溪縣(xian)共有13個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen),9個農林場(chang),5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)農戶(hu),8.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人種(zhong)植(zhi)茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie);有茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)種(zhong)植(zhi)加工(gong)企業(ye)162家,加工(gong)設備1000臺(套),從事茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)加工(gong)的(de)人員(yuan)816人,年加工(gong)能力2500噸;經銷企業(ye)139家,其中縣(xian)內105家,縣(xian)外(wai)省外(wai)34家,經銷人員(yuan)500人。2005年底全縣(xian)1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃茶(cha)園已(yi)(yi)實(shi)現茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)產量(liang)125萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤,實(shi)現綜(zong)合(he)收入1.2億元(yuan)。龍(long)峰茶(cha)系列產品在國內中南(nan)(nan)、西南(nan)(nan)、東南(nan)(nan)茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)市(shi)場(chang)占有相當份額,同時,"龍(long)峰茶(cha)"已(yi)(yi)步(bu)入亞洲及歐盟(meng)市(shi)場(chang)。湖北省政府將竹(zhu)(zhu)溪納入秦(qin)巴山名優綠茶(cha)產業(ye)區,確(que)立為(wei)茶(cha)樹良種(zhong)繁育(yu)場(chang)和(he)繁殖基(ji)地、無公(gong)(gong)害茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)出口基(ji)地、名優綠茶(cha)出口基(ji)地。
產地環境
竹溪(xi)茶(cha)區(qu)屬亞熱帶季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候區(qu),月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)百分率25%-48%月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2.4℃-25.5℃0cm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3.8℃-29.6℃,5cm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3.9℃-28℃,10cm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)4.2℃-27.5℃,15cm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)4.7℃-27.5℃,20cm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)5.1℃-27.0℃月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)8.1mm-180.8mm,全年平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)945.3mm月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)空(kong)氣(qi)相(xiang)對濕度(du)73%-87%竹溪(xi)茶(cha)區(qu)氣(qi)象因子的(de)(de)垂直變化較(jiao)為明顯,隨海(hai)拔高(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia),光照(zhao)強(qiang)度(du)減弱,氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和地(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)降,空(kong)氣(qi)相(xiang)對濕度(du)增(zeng)加(jia),有利于茶(cha)葉(xie)品質(zhi)的(de)(de)形成海(hai)拔900m處的(de)(de)龍峰茶(cha),營養元(yuan)素(su)、生化成分、香氣(qi)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)含量(liang)以及感(gan)官品質(zhi)得分都比較(jiao)高(gao),品質(zhi)優(you)異這與氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)相(xiang)對較(jiao)低、晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差大,光照(zhao)強(qiang)度(du)適(shi)中,云(yun)霧(wu)較(jiao)多,空(kong)氣(qi)濕度(du)大有關。
竹溪茶區土(tu)壤(rang)的pH在4.5-6.5之間,都(dou)處(chu)(chu)在適(shi)宜茶樹生長的水平(ping)土(tu)壤(rang)有機質含(han)(han)量6.24gkg-36.44gkg除青草(cao)坪較低外(wai),其(qi)它茶場(chang)都(dou)處(chu)(chu)在較高水平(ping)土(tu)壤(rang)中三要素含(han)(han)量氮0.39gkg-2.37gkg磷0.23gkg-0.66gkg鉀9.56gkg-22.26gkg普遍(bian)(bian)偏(pian)低,土(tu)壤(rang)容重1.24gcm3-1.7gcm3普遍(bian)(bian)偏(pian)高。