一.產品介紹
均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)煙(yan)屬于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)性(xing)(xing)淡色(se)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)黃(huang)煙(yan),采(cai)用(yong)繩索串(chuan)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)架晾凋萎(wei)變(bian)黃(huang)、地(di)(di)(di)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)干燥定色(se)、白(bai)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)夜(ye)堆上汗、室外堆積(ji)(ji)(ji)發酵、分級打捆后二(er)次(ci)發酵的(de)(de)傳統調制方(fang)法(fa)。煙(yan)葉色(se)澤鮮明純(chun)(chun)正,煙(yan)味純(chun)(chun)和,香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)濃郁,油分足,彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)好,燃燒性(xing)(xing)強(qiang),有“吃不過的(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)煙(yan)”之佳(jia)評(丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)市(shi)(shi)志第118頁)。 均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)煙(yan)是(shi)我國名(ming)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)煙(yan)的(de)(de)一種,屬香(xiang)(xiang)料型煙(yan)葉,是(shi)配(pei)制混(hun)合型卷煙(yan)不可缺少(shao)的(de)(de)優(you)質調料,產于(yu)丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)市(shi)(shi)(古稱均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)(zhou))。據《丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)市(shi)(shi)志》記(ji)載,明崇(chong)禎(zhen)三年(nian)(nian)(1630年(nian)(nian))前(qian)后,從美洲傳入(ru)并種植成功,有“均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)煙(yan)”之稱。清代被作為“貢品(pin)(pin)”敬獻皇帝,民(min)國年(nian)(nian)間(jian),在巴拿(na)馬國際(ji)博覽(lan)會上獲得銀質獎,由(you)此名(ming)揚天下,具今有380多年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)生產歷史。均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)煙(yan)香(xiang)(xiang)型獨特,似烤煙(yan),可廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)烤煙(yan)型、混(hun)合型、雪茄型等各類產品(pin)(pin)配(pei)方(fang)中,對于(yu)提(ti)高(gao)煙(yan)香(xiang)(xiang)豐富性(xing)(xing)、增加香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)濃度和“減害降焦”具有積(ji)(ji)(ji)極的(de)(de)作用(yong)。1983年(nian)(nian)被確定為全國名(ming)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)煙(yan)生產基地(di)(di)(di),1984年(nian)(nian)“均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)煙(yan)”列入(ru)《全國名(ming)晾曬(shai)(shai)(shai)煙(yan)名(ming)錄》。其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)域保(bao)護范圍為東(dong)經110°08'~111°34'、北(bei)緯32°14'~32°58'之間(jian);產區(qu)位于(yu)湖北(bei)省丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)市(shi)(shi)所轄的(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)縣(xian)鎮、習家店鎮、蒿坪鎮、石鼓鎮4個鎮,共46個行政(zheng)村(cun);總種植面積(ji)(ji)(ji)3.5萬畝。丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)市(shi)(shi)委、市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)高(gao)度重視均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)煙(yan)品(pin)(pin)牌打造工作,成立了(le)品(pin)(pin)牌創建工作領導(dao)小組,以此助(zhu)推均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)煙(yan)的(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)和持續(xu)發展(zhan),提(ti)升均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)(shai)(shai)煙(yan)的(de)(de)知名(ming)度和美譽度。
二.自(zi)然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷史(shi)因(yin)素(su)
1、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況:均州(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)漢江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上游,位(wei)居南(nan)水(shui)(shui)北(bei)調中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)線工(gong)程核心(xin)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)區(qu)腹(fu)地(di)(di)(di)(di),境內有(you)(you)全國著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)“一山一水(shui)(shui)”即道教圣地(di)(di)(di)(di)“武當山”和亞洲最(zui)大(da)人工(gong)淡水(shui)(shui)湖“丹江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)庫”。南(nan)有(you)(you)巴山雄峙,北(bei)有(you)(you)秦嶺余脈屏(ping)障,八百里(li)武當居中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)連(lian)老河(he)(he)口市(shi)和河(he)(he)南(nan)省淅川(chuan)縣(xian),西接十(shi)堰(yan)市(shi)和鄖縣(xian)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)呈心(xin)臟形(xing)(xing),地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢西高(gao)東(dong)低,漢江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)(zi)西向東(dong)貫(guan)穿,將全境陸地(di)(di)(di)(di)分(fen)割成“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)”、“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)北(bei)”兩個自(zi)(zi)然板塊,俗稱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)北(bei)。國土(tu)為“七(qi)山二(er)水(shui)(shui)一分(fen)田”自(zi)(zi)然格局。產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)山清水(shui)(shui)秀(xiu),景色宜人,平(ping)均海拔在350m;土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以(yi)(yi)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)為主,夾有(you)(you)紫色土(tu)和石灰土(tu)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性至(zhi)酸(suan)性,質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)輕(qing)壤(rang)(rang)至(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壤(rang)(rang),土(tu)層(ceng)深厚(hou),保水(shui)(shui)保肥能力較強,改良后活土(tu)層(ceng)厚(hou)度50cm以(yi)(yi)上,地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)位(wei)80㎝以(yi)(yi)下;有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量(liang)0.52%~2.7%,全氮0.03%~0.15%,有(you)(you)效磷0.06%~0.14%,含鉀在0.5%~2.5%,PH值6.4~7.8,養(yang)(yang)分(fen)含量(liang)較高(gao),為均州(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)的(de)生(sheng)長提(ti)供了天然的(de)礦物質(zhi)和有(you)(you)機質(zhi)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)成份,這是形(xing)(xing)成均州(zhou)名(ming)曬(shai)煙(yan)“高(gao)糖、高(gao)蛋白、適煙(yan)堿(jian),油分(fen)足、煙(yan)氣柔(rou)和、細膩,”特點(dian)的(de)必要條件(jian)。
2、水(shui)文情況:均(jun)州名(ming)曬(shai)煙產(chan)(chan)區(qu)主要分(fen)布在丹江口庫區(qu)沿岸(an)間的(de)山地丘陵(ling)、低山河谷環(huan)境。產(chan)(chan)地南北物種(zhong)交匯,環(huan)境優越,植被覆(fu)蓋率(lv)達64.5%。產(chan)(chan)地平均(jun)海(hai)拔400m,背山面水(shui),水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富,境內的(de)丹江口水(shui)庫是亞洲最大(da)(da)的(de)人工(gong)淡水(shui)湖,是舉世矚目的(de)南水(shui)北調中線工(gong)程調水(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭,水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)約有275.46億(yi)立方米,絕(jue)大(da)(da)部分(fen)由漢(han)、丹二江帶來,加上(shang)本地地表徑流資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),河川徑流資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為285.12億(yi)立方米。產(chan)(chan)地內水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良好,礦化度低,ph、總(zong)硬度適中,水(shui)體中主要離(li)子含量一般(ban)都(dou)在正常范圍內,主要水(shui)系(xi)河床落(luo)差大(da)(da)、水(shui)能蘊(yun)藏量累計5.5萬(wan)千瓦,水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)達國(guo)家Ⅱ類水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)以上(shang)標準。豐富的(de)水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為均(jun)州名(ming)曬(shai)煙“色(se)澤黃亮、葉片較(jiao)大(da)(da)、厚薄(bo)適中”的(de)外觀(guan)特(te)征(zheng)形(xing)成,提供了得天獨厚的(de)自然條件(jian)。
3、氣(qi)侯特(te)點:均(jun)州(zhou)名曬(shai)煙產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)處于(yu)(yu)南北氣(qi)候過渡(du)帶(dai),屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)半濕(shi)潤季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候區,由(you)于(yu)(yu)秦嶺山(shan)脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)屏障(zhang)作(zuo)用(yong),加之丹江口水庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)“湖泊熱(re)效(xiao)應(ying)”及(ji)垂(chui)直(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)貌影響,構成了優(you)越的(de)(de)(de)(de)“四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明、光(guang)照充(chong)(chong)(chong)足、熱(re)量豐富、雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)同(tong)季(ji)(ji)(ji),無(wu)霜(shuang)期長,相對濕(shi)度大”的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)候特(te)點。產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)內無(wu)大型工礦企(qi)業(ye),大氣(qi)清(qing)新無(wu)污染,符合GB3095—2012的(de)(de)(de)(de)Ⅰ級標(biao)準;年(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫7.7℃~16℃,>10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)活動積溫為(wei)2200℃~5100℃,無(wu)霜(shuang)期180~250天,日(ri)照時數1950小(xiao)時,年(nian)均(jun)日(ri)照率(lv)為(wei)44%,年(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量750~900毫米,干、雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)從5月(yue)至6月(yue)初開始,10月(yue)結束,降(jiang)水占(zhan)全年(nian)水量的(de)(de)(de)(de)80%~90%,夜雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)率(lv)占(zhan)70%~80%,十(shi)分利于(yu)(yu)均(jun)州(zhou)名曬(shai)煙的(de)(de)(de)(de)生長。種(zhong)植區氣(qi)候溫和,夏(xia)無(wu)酷署,冬無(wu)嚴(yan)寒,光(guang)照充(chong)(chong)(chong)足,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水充(chong)(chong)(chong)沛,氣(qi)溫年(nian)較差小(xiao),日(ri)較差大,光(guang)合效(xiao)率(lv)高(gao),葉片的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)合能力(li)較強,十(shi)分有利煙葉光(guang)合作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)積累,形(xing)成“香氣(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足”的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質曬(shai)煙風(feng)格(ge)特(te)征。
三.地域范圍
均(jun)州名(ming)曬煙產地范圍(wei)為(wei)湖北省丹江口市所轄的(de)均(jun)縣鎮、習家(jia)店鎮、蒿(hao)坪鎮、石鼓鎮等4個(ge)鎮、計46個(ge)行(xing)政村。其地理位(wei)置位(wei)于東經110°08'—111°34'、北緯32°14'—32°58'之間。均(jun)州名(ming)曬煙種植(zhi)面積(ji)733公頃,年產量1000噸,產值0.18億元。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外觀(guan)感官(guan)特征:生煙外觀(guan):莖葉(xie)(xie)角度較(jiao)小,著葉(xie)(xie)28~34片(pian),葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)較(jiao)窄(zhai)而厚,筋脈細(xi),呈闊橢圓形;葉(xie)(xie)柄生毛,露浸不拖頭;易退青變黃(huang),水(shui)分(fen)含量少;顏色(se)深(shen)黃(huang),色(se)度飽滿(man),油分(fen)充足(zu),組(zu)織細(xi)致,厚薄適中(zhong),成熟度好(hao)(hao)(hao),填充力強(qiang)(qiang),彈性(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao),香味(wei)充足(zu)。成品煙葉(xie)(xie):香氣濃(nong)郁,手揉葉(xie)(xie)呈麩片(pian)狀,燃燒(shao)性(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao),燃燒(shao)后灰 呈潔白;吸味(wei)飽滿(man),勁(jing)(jing)頭足(zu),刺激性(xing)小;含糖量適中(zhong),化(hua)學成分(fen)協(xie)調(diao);煙氣柔和(he)、細(xi)膩,余味(wei)舒(shu)適純凈,濃(nong)勁(jing)(jing)比協(xie)調(diao),配伍性(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao),工(gong)業可用性(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標: 煙葉安(an)全(quan)性(xing)高,無(wu)殘(can)毒,無(wu)農藥殘(can)留;煙葉中“高糖、適煙堿、富鉀、蛋白質(zhi)”是形成均州名曬(shai)煙的重要化學物質(zhi)基礎。蛋白質(zhi)6%~8%,總糖12%~16%,總氮2.2%~2.8%,煙堿3%~3.8%,鉀1.2%~1.7%,氯0.6%~1.2%。
3、安全要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):產地環境(jing)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)執(zhi)行NY/T852煙(yan)草(cao)產地環境(jing)技術條件(jian);農(nong)藥使用(yong)符合《煙(yan)草(cao)農(nong)藥使用(yong)推薦意(yi)見》(中(zhong)國煙(yan)葉公(gong)司發布);質(zhi)量要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)按DB42/T225—2002《均(jun)縣名曬(shai)煙(yan)》標準執(zhi)行。