房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er)產(chan)于(yu)湖北省房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)。房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)位(wei)于(yu)湖北省西北部、十堰(yan)市(shi)南(nan)部,介于(yu)大(da)巴山(shan)和武當(dang)山(shan)之間(jian),是中國著名(ming)的(de)黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er)生產(chan)基地(di)縣(xian)、馳(chi)名(ming)中外的(de)"木(mu)耳(er)之鄉(xiang)"。房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er)因色(se)鮮(xian)、肉厚、朵大(da)、質(zhi)優(you)、營(ying)養豐富,贏(ying)得"房(fang)(fang)耳(er)"盛譽。又(you)因其"形似燕(yan)(yan),狀如飛",又(you)被稱為"燕(yan)(yan)耳(er)",有"山(shan)珍之王"的(de)美稱。2009年5月,國家(jia)質(zhi)檢(jian)總(zong)局(ju)批準對房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er)實施(shi)地(di)理標志產(chan)品保護。
產地環境
房(fang)縣(xian)地(di)(di)勢(shi)南北(bei)高(gao)(gao),中部低,四周高(gao)(gao)山(shan)環繞,由兩(liang)側分向(xiang)中部傾(qing)斜,略(lve)成盆(pen)地(di)(di)形(xing)勢(shi)。北(bei)部為變質巖區,屬(shu)武當山(shan)脈,大(da)(da)部海(hai)拔(ba)在(zai)800~1000米之間;西南為秦嶺地(di)(di)槽;南部屬(shu)大(da)(da)巴山(shan)脈,海(hai)拔(ba)約在(zai)1000米以上。由于強烈的(de)(de)地(di)(di)質構造(zao)運動,南北(bei)以斷層接(jie)觸,具有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)二分性。全縣(xian)的(de)(de)氣溫、日照、無霜期和地(di)(di)溫,總趨勢(shi)是(shi)由南向(xiang)北(bei)(南部是(shi)大(da)(da)山(shan)區)逐漸(jian)增(zeng)加,南北(bei)的(de)(de)年溫差(cha)僅在(zai)2~3℃之間。獨特的(de)(de)地(di)(di)理位置、獨特的(de)(de)氣候和環境條件孕(yun)育了房(fang)縣(xian)黑木耳獨特的(de)(de)品質特征。
品質特征
黑(hei)(hei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)擔(dan)子茵(yin),屬(shu)膠質茵(yin)類,木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)科、木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)屬(shu)。常(chang)(chang)見的又(you)可以(yi)吃(chi)的木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong),一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是我們通常(chang)(chang)吃(chi)的叫光(guang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er),還(huan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)叫毛(mao)(mao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er),它的背(bei)面毛(mao)(mao)比較厚,雖然也可以(yi)吃(chi),但不(bu)(bu)易嚼碎,不(bu)(bu)好吃(chi)。房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)黑(hei)(hei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)屬(shu)于光(guang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er),新鮮(xian)的房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)黑(hei)(hei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)膠質狀(zhuang),半(ban)透明,深褐色,有(you)彈(dan)性(xing);干燥(zao)的黑(hei)(hei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)為角質,背(bei)面絨毛(mao)(mao)短而少,暗灰(hui)色,耳(er)(er)(er)面黑(hei)(hei)褐色,平滑有(you)光(guang)感(gan)。房(fang)(fang)縣(xian)(xian)黑(hei)(hei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)形似燕,狀(zhuang)如飛,它多為二片(pian)叢生,膠質狀(zhuang),半(ban)透明;肉厚,耳(er)(er)(er)片(pian)厚1.7mm左右,厚度是普通黑(hei)(hei)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)耳(er)(er)(er)的2倍;個大,直徑一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為10~12mm;膠質厚,膠質含量占耳(er)(er)(er)片(pian)質量的90%以(yi)上。
房縣黑木(mu)耳以花櫟、麻(ma)櫟等(deng)主(zhu)要樹種做(zuo)段木(mu),采用優育菌種人工點茵,在(zai)自然條件下生長而成,充它分利(li)用房縣獨(du)特(te)(te)的自然環境(jing),生產的黑木(mu)耳色鮮(xian)、肉(rou)厚(hou)、朵大、彈性好、口感潤滑,營養豐富,風(feng)味(wei)獨(du)特(te)(te),暢(chang)銷國內外,贏得"房耳"盛譽(yu)。
營養功效
黑木耳被(bei)譽為"素(su)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)葷"。據(ju)最新檢測數據(ju),每百克(ke)(ke)(ke)房縣黑木耳含(han)(han)水分11.1克(ke)(ke)(ke),蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)10.6克(ke)(ke)(ke),脂肪0.2克(ke)(ke)(ke),碳水化(hua)(hua)合物65克(ke)(ke)(ke),粗纖(xian)維(wei)7克(ke)(ke)(ke),灰(hui)分4.68克(ke)(ke)(ke)(其中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)鈣質(zhi)375毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),磷質(zhi)201毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),鐵質(zhi)185毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)),另外還含(han)(han)有(you)(you)胡蘿卜素(su)0。03毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)B10.15毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)B20.55毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)等,而(er)有(you)(you)害物質(zhi)鉛含(han)(han)量(liang)小于0.02毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),砷(shen)小于0.01毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),汞小于0.01毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)。同(tong)時,作(zuo)為中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)補(bu)品之(zhi)(zhi)一,明代醫(yi)學家李(li)時珍在《本草綱(gang)目(mu)》中(zhong)(zhong)說它(ta)能(neng)健身強志(zhi)、延(yan)年壽,治療(liao)痔痢(li)等癥。黑木耳味甘甜性平,具有(you)(you)克(ke)(ke)(ke)化(hua)(hua)絨毛(mao)、調(diao)節神經、補(bu)氣血、潤肺(fei)、止血之(zhi)(zhi)功能(neng),對高血壓、動脈硬化(hua)(hua)癥有(you)(you)良(liang)效,還能(neng)防(fang)治癌癥,提高機體免(mian)疫力,具有(you)(you)較高醫(yi)療(liao)價值。黑木耳的(de)膠質(zhi)有(you)(you)很大(da)的(de)吸引力,有(you)(you)助于清(qing)除消化(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統、呼吸系(xi)(xi)統的(de)灰(hui)塵(chen)、雜質(zhi),是(shi)營養、安(an)全的(de)綠色(se)食(shi)品、有(you)(you)機食(shi)品。