形態特征
玉(yu)竹條呈(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)圓柱形,略扁(bian),少有(you)分(fen)枝(zhi),長(chang)8至(zhi)(zhi)20cm,直徑(jing)1.2至(zhi)(zhi)1.6cm,表面黃白色(se)(se)、金(jin)黃色(se)(se)或(huo)黃棕色(se)(se),半透(tou)明(ming),具有(you)縱皺及微隆起的(de)環節,節上殘留(liu)白色(se)(se)圓點狀須根痕(hen),一端較(jiao)疏,一端較(jiao)密,莖痕(hen)處較(jiao)細呈(cheng)(cheng)結節狀,質略柔潤,斷面黃白色(se)(se),微透(tou)明(ming),富糖性(xing),味(wei)甜,香味(wei)濃,嚼之有(you)粘性(xing)。玉(yu)竹片(pian)肉質白色(se)(se),無外皮(pi),或(huo)有(you)少許(xu)外皮(pi),片(pian)寬6mm至(zhi)(zhi)15mm。
主要價值
玉竹的干(gan)(gan)燥肉(rou)質呈根狀莖,為黃精(jing)(jing)屬多(duo)年生(sheng)草本植(zhi)物,是大宗中藥材。玉竹,以根入藥,性平味甘,具(ju)有(you)養陰(yin)清(qing)熱、生(sheng)津止咳等功效。主(zhu)治口燥咽干(gan)(gan)、干(gan)(gan)咳少痰、風濕咳嗽、發熱血(xue)(xue)汗(han)、心煩(fan)心悸、熱病煩(fan)渴等癥。并可治療尿頻、遺精(jing)(jing)多(duo)汗(han)、腰膝痛(tong)疼及糖(tang)尿病等癥。科學(xue)研(yan)究證明(ming),玉竹具(ju)有(you)降(jiang)血(xue)(xue)壓、降(jiang)血(xue)(xue)脂、改善(shan)心肌(ji)缺血(xue)(xue)、緩解(jie)動(dong)脈粥樣硬化斑形(xing)成(cheng)的作用(yong),而且對(dui)中風病有(you)良好的預(yu)防和治療作用(yong)。
生長環境
邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)市種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥材歷(li)史悠久,自公元14世紀明代(dai)開始,已在該縣廉橋鎮(zhen)、斫曹鄉、流(liu)澤(ze)鎮(zhen)、雙(shuang)鳳鄉等(deng)鄉鎮(zhen)種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉竹(zhu)。據(ju)《邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)市志》記(ji)載(zai),公元20世紀初,清(qing)末時(shi)期,該縣流(liu)澤(ze)、廉橋、光陂、界(jie)嶺(ling)、雙(shuang)鳳等(deng)鄉鎮(zhen)種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉竹(zhu)達(da)數千畝,年產量占(zhan)全(quan)省(sheng)四(si)分之三。20世紀初,民(min)國(guo)時(shi)期,廣(guang)東(dong)商人來境收購玉竹(zhu),轉運廣(guang)州(zhou)出口港澳(ao)、東(dong)南亞、日、美、韓(han)、加等(deng)地(di)區和國(guo)家,此(ci)時(shi)邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)市的豬屎尾參外貿出外商稱為“湘玉竹(zhu)”。
21世(shi)紀初,邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市農業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)調整力度加(jia)(jia)大、步伐加(jia)(jia)快,該(gai)縣中(zhong)(zhong)藥材的(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)面積達(da)(da)到12萬(wan)(wan)畝,種(zhong)植(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)達(da)(da)100余種(zhong),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)近3億元(yuan),中(zhong)(zhong)經材種(zhong)植(zhi)分(fen)布全縣,各鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、場所,主要有斫曹(cao)鄉(xiang)、廉橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、流(liu)(liu)澤鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、雙鳳鄉(xiang)、界嶺鄉(xiang)、黑田鋪鄉(xiang)、周官橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)鄉(xiang)、黃陂(po)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)鄉(xiang)、流(liu)(liu)光嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、團(tuan)山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、兩市鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、仙(xian)槎橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水東(dong)(dong)江鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、魏家(jia)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等(deng),其中(zhong)(zhong)玉竹種(zhong)植(zhi)面積達(da)(da)6萬(wan)(wan)畝,已(yi)成為邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市的(de)拳頭(tou)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin),從事玉竹片加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)個體戶達(da)(da)千戶,玉竹加(jia)(jia)工(gong)龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)不(bu)斷(duan)涌現。2002年(nian)(nian)又在邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市廉橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興建了一家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)型GMP中(zhong)(zhong)藥生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye)——湖南(nan)省松齡堂中(zhong)(zhong)藥飲(yin)片有限公司,年(nian)(nian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)玉竹已(yi)出口(kou)創匯(hui)80萬(wan)(wan)美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)。同年(nian)(nian)在邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)流(liu)(liu)澤鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興建東(dong)(dong)陽農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)廠,屬中(zhong)(zhong)型GMP中(zhong)(zhong)藥生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye),年(nian)(nian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)玉竹飲(yin)片3千噸(dun),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)5000萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。2002年(nian)(nian)底完(wan)成產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)2200萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)每年(nian)(nian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)玉竹飲(yin)片5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),年(nian)(nian)出口(kou)創匯(hui)近1億美(mei)(mei)元(yuan),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)出口(kou)遠(yuan)銷東(dong)(dong)南(nan)亞(ya)、日、韓、美(mei)(mei)、加(jia)(jia)、澳等(deng)20多個國家(jia)和地區,深受消(xiao)費者青睞,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)供不(bu)應求。成為邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市優勢農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)豬屎(shi)(shi)尾參(can)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量大、品(pin)質優,2007年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量占湖南(nan)省的(de)3/4,出口(kou)量中(zhong)(zhong)國第一,享譽海內外。邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)為豬屎(shi)(shi)尾參(can)的(de)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地,已(yi)得(de)到國家(jia)質量技術監督局的(de)地域產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)保護辦的(de)認可。