形態特征
玉(yu)竹條呈(cheng)長圓柱形(xing),略(lve)扁,少有分枝,長8至(zhi)20cm,直徑1.2至(zhi)1.6cm,表(biao)面黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)白(bai)色、金黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色或(huo)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)棕色,半透明,具有縱皺及(ji)微隆起的環節(jie),節(jie)上殘留白(bai)色圓點(dian)狀(zhuang)須根(gen)痕(hen),一(yi)端較疏(shu),一(yi)端較密,莖痕(hen)處較細呈(cheng)結節(jie)狀(zhuang),質略(lve)柔潤,斷面黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)白(bai)色,微透明,富糖(tang)性,味甜,香味濃,嚼(jiao)之有粘性。玉(yu)竹片(pian)肉(rou)質白(bai)色,無外皮,或(huo)有少許外皮,片(pian)寬6mm至(zhi)15mm。
主要價值
玉(yu)竹(zhu)的(de)干(gan)(gan)燥肉質(zhi)呈根(gen)狀莖,為黃精屬多年生草(cao)本(ben)植物,是大宗中藥材。玉(yu)竹(zhu),以根(gen)入藥,性平味甘,具(ju)有養陰(yin)清(qing)熱(re)、生津止咳等功效。主治口燥咽干(gan)(gan)、干(gan)(gan)咳少痰、風濕(shi)咳嗽、發熱(re)血汗(han)(han)、心(xin)煩心(xin)悸(ji)、熱(re)病(bing)煩渴等癥(zheng)。并可治療尿頻(pin)、遺(yi)精多汗(han)(han)、腰膝痛疼及糖尿病(bing)等癥(zheng)。科(ke)學研究證明,玉(yu)竹(zhu)具(ju)有降(jiang)血壓、降(jiang)血脂、改善心(xin)肌缺血、緩解(jie)動脈粥樣硬化(hua)斑形成的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),而且(qie)對中風病(bing)有良好的(de)預防和治療作(zuo)用(yong)。
生長環境
邵東(dong)(dong)市種(zhong)植藥材歷史悠久,自公元14世(shi)紀(ji)明代(dai)開始,已在該縣(xian)廉橋鎮(zhen)、斫曹鄉、流(liu)(liu)澤鎮(zhen)、雙鳳鄉等鄉鎮(zhen)種(zhong)植玉竹(zhu)(zhu)。據《邵東(dong)(dong)市志(zhi)》記載,公元20世(shi)紀(ji)初(chu)(chu),清末時(shi)期,該縣(xian)流(liu)(liu)澤、廉橋、光陂、界(jie)嶺、雙鳳等鄉鎮(zhen)種(zhong)植玉竹(zhu)(zhu)達數(shu)千畝,年產量占全(quan)省四分之(zhi)三。20世(shi)紀(ji)初(chu)(chu),民國(guo)時(shi)期,廣東(dong)(dong)商人來境收購玉竹(zhu)(zhu),轉運(yun)廣州出口(kou)港澳、東(dong)(dong)南(nan)亞(ya)、日、美(mei)、韓、加等地區和國(guo)家,此時(shi)邵東(dong)(dong)市的(de)豬屎(shi)尾參外貿出外商稱為(wei)“湘玉竹(zhu)(zhu)”。
21世紀初(chu),邵(shao)(shao)(shao)東(dong)市農業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)結構調整力度加大、步(bu)伐加快,該縣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)的(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)12萬畝,種(zhong)植(zhi)品種(zhong)達(da)(da)100余種(zhong),年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)近(jin)3億元(yuan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經材(cai)種(zhong)植(zhi)分(fen)布全縣,各(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮、場所,主要有斫曹鄉(xiang)(xiang)、廉橋(qiao)鎮、流澤鎮、雙鳳鄉(xiang)(xiang)、界嶺鄉(xiang)(xiang)、黑田鋪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、周官(guan)橋(qiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、黃(huang)陂橋(qiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、流光嶺鎮、團(tuan)山(shan)鎮、兩市鎮、仙槎(cha)橋(qiao)鎮、水東(dong)江鎮、魏(wei)家橋(qiao)鎮等,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)玉竹(zhu)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)(da)6萬畝,已成(cheng)為邵(shao)(shao)(shao)東(dong)市的(de)(de)拳(quan)頭產(chan)品,從事(shi)玉竹(zhu)片(pian)加工(gong)的(de)(de)個(ge)體戶達(da)(da)千(qian)戶,玉竹(zhu)加工(gong)龍頭企業(ye)不斷涌現(xian)。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)又在邵(shao)(shao)(shao)東(dong)市廉橋(qiao)鎮興建了(le)一(yi)家中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型GMP中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)——湖南省(sheng)松齡堂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)飲片(pian)有限公司,年(nian)(nian)(nian)加工(gong)玉竹(zhu)已出(chu)口(kou)(kou)創匯80萬美元(yuan)。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)在邵(shao)(shao)(shao)東(dong)流澤鎮興建東(dong)陽農產(chan)品加工(gong)廠(chang),屬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型GMP中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye),年(nian)(nian)(nian)加工(gong)玉竹(zhu)飲片(pian)3千(qian)噸(dun),年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)5000萬元(yuan)。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)底完(wan)成(cheng)產(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)2200萬元(yuan)。邵(shao)(shao)(shao)東(dong)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)加工(gong)玉竹(zhu)飲片(pian)5萬噸(dun),年(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)創匯近(jin)1億美元(yuan),產(chan)品出(chu)口(kou)(kou)遠銷東(dong)南亞、日、韓、美、加、澳(ao)等20多個(ge)國家和(he)地區(qu),深受消(xiao)費者青睞(lai),產(chan)品供不應求。成(cheng)為邵(shao)(shao)(shao)東(dong)市優勢農產(chan)品。邵(shao)(shao)(shao)東(dong)產(chan)的(de)(de)豬屎(shi)尾參產(chan)量(liang)大、品質(zhi)優,2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)占湖南省(sheng)的(de)(de)3/4,出(chu)口(kou)(kou)量(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國第一(yi),享譽(yu)海內外(wai)。邵(shao)(shao)(shao)東(dong)為豬屎(shi)尾參的(de)(de)原產(chan)地,已得到(dao)國家質(zhi)量(liang)技術監督局的(de)(de)地域產(chan)品保(bao)護辦的(de)(de)認可。