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形態特征

玉竹條呈長(chang)圓柱形，略扁，少有(you)(you)分枝，長(chang)8至(zhi)20cm，直徑(jing)1.2至(zhi)1.6cm，表面黃白(bai)色(se)、金(jin)黃色(se)或(huo)黃棕色(se)，半(ban)透(tou)明(ming)，具有(you)(you)縱(zong)皺及微隆起(qi)的環節，節上殘留(liu)白(bai)色(se)圓點(dian)狀須根(gen)痕(hen)，一端較疏，一端較密，莖痕(hen)處較細呈結(jie)節狀，質(zhi)略柔潤，斷面黃白(bai)色(se)，微透(tou)明(ming)，富(fu)糖性，味(wei)(wei)甜，香味(wei)(wei)濃(nong)，嚼之有(you)(you)粘性。玉竹片肉(rou)質(zhi)白(bai)色(se)，無外皮，或(huo)有(you)(you)少許(xu)外皮，片寬6mm至(zhi)15mm。

主要價值

玉竹的干燥肉質呈根(gen)狀莖，為(wei)黃精屬多年(nian)生草本植物，是(shi)大宗中藥(yao)材。玉竹，以根(gen)入藥(yao)，性(xing)平(ping)味甘(gan)，具有養陰清熱(re)、生津(jin)止咳等(deng)(deng)功效(xiao)。主治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口燥咽干、干咳少痰、風濕咳嗽、發(fa)熱(re)血(xue)汗、心(xin)煩(fan)心(xin)悸(ji)、熱(re)病煩(fan)渴等(deng)(deng)癥。并可(ke)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)尿頻、遺精多汗、腰膝痛疼及糖尿病等(deng)(deng)癥。科學(xue)研究證明(ming)，玉竹具有降血(xue)壓(ya)、降血(xue)脂、改善心(xin)肌缺血(xue)、緩解(jie)動脈粥樣硬化斑形成的作用，而且(qie)對中風病有良好的預防(fang)和治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)作用。

生長環境

邵(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)市種植(zhi)藥材歷史悠久，自公(gong)元14世(shi)紀(ji)明代(dai)開始，已在該縣廉橋鎮、斫(zhuo)曹鄉、流澤鎮、雙鳳(feng)鄉等鄉鎮種植(zhi)玉竹(zhu)。據《邵(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)市志》記(ji)載，公(gong)元20世(shi)紀(ji)初，清末(mo)時期，該縣流澤、廉橋、光陂、界嶺、雙鳳(feng)等鄉鎮種植(zhi)玉竹(zhu)達(da)數千畝，年(nian)產量占全(quan)省四分之三。20世(shi)紀(ji)初，民國(guo)時期，廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)商人來境收購玉竹(zhu)，轉(zhuan)運廣(guang)州出(chu)口港澳、東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)亞、日、美、韓、加等地區和(he)國(guo)家(jia)，此時邵(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)市的豬屎尾參外貿出(chu)外商稱為“湘(xiang)玉竹(zhu)”。

21世(shi)紀初，邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構調整力度加(jia)大(da)、步伐加(jia)快，該縣中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材的種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積達(da)到(dao)12萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，種(zhong)植(zhi)品種(zhong)達(da)100余種(zhong)，年(nian)(nian)產(chan)值近(jin)(jin)3億元(yuan)，中(zhong)(zhong)經材種(zhong)植(zhi)分布全縣，各(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、場所，主(zhu)要有斫曹鄉(xiang)(xiang)、廉橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、流(liu)澤鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、雙(shuang)鳳(feng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、界嶺鄉(xiang)(xiang)、黑田(tian)鋪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、周官橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)、黃陂(po)橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)、流(liu)光嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、團山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、兩(liang)市鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、仙(xian)槎(cha)橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水東(dong)(dong)江鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、魏家(jia)橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等(deng)，其中(zhong)(zhong)玉竹(zhu)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積達(da)6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市的拳(quan)頭產(chan)品，從事玉竹(zhu)片(pian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的個(ge)體戶(hu)達(da)千(qian)戶(hu)，玉竹(zhu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)斷涌現。2002年(nian)(nian)又在邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市廉橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興建(jian)(jian)了一家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)GMP中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)生產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)——湖南省(sheng)松齡(ling)堂中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)飲(yin)片(pian)有限公司，年(nian)(nian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)玉竹(zhu)已(yi)出口(kou)創(chuang)匯(hui)80萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)美元(yuan)。同年(nian)(nian)在邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)流(liu)澤鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)興建(jian)(jian)東(dong)(dong)陽農(nong)產(chan)品加(jia)工(gong)(gong)廠，屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)GMP中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)生產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，年(nian)(nian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)玉竹(zhu)飲(yin)片(pian)3千(qian)噸(dun)，年(nian)(nian)產(chan)值5000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。2002年(nian)(nian)底完成(cheng)(cheng)產(chan)值2200萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)每年(nian)(nian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)玉竹(zhu)飲(yin)片(pian)5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)，年(nian)(nian)出口(kou)創(chuang)匯(hui)近(jin)(jin)1億美元(yuan)，產(chan)品出口(kou)遠銷東(dong)(dong)南亞、日、韓(han)、美、加(jia)、澳(ao)等(deng)20多(duo)個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)和地區，深受消費者青睞，產(chan)品供不(bu)應(ying)求。成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市優(you)勢農(nong)產(chan)品。邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)產(chan)的豬屎尾參產(chan)量大(da)、品質優(you)，2007年(nian)(nian)產(chan)量占(zhan)湖南省(sheng)的3/4，出口(kou)量中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)第一，享譽海內外。邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)為(wei)豬屎尾參的原產(chan)地，已(yi)得(de)到(dao)國(guo)家(jia)質量技(ji)術監督局的地域產(chan)品保(bao)護辦的認可。