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形態特征

玉竹條(tiao)呈(cheng)長(chang)圓(yuan)柱形，略扁，少有分枝，長(chang)8至(zhi)20cm，直(zhi)徑1.2至(zhi)1.6cm，表(biao)面黃(huang)白色(se)、金(jin)黃(huang)色(se)或黃(huang)棕色(se)，半透(tou)明，具有縱皺(zhou)及微隆起的環節(jie)，節(jie)上殘留白色(se)圓(yuan)點狀(zhuang)須根痕，一端較疏，一端較密，莖痕處較細呈(cheng)結節(jie)狀(zhuang)，質略柔(rou)潤，斷面黃(huang)白色(se)，微透(tou)明，富(fu)糖性，味甜，香味濃，嚼之有粘性。玉竹片肉質白色(se)，無外皮，或有少許外皮，片寬6mm至(zhi)15mm。

主要價值

玉竹(zhu)(zhu)的(de)干燥(zao)肉(rou)質(zhi)呈(cheng)根(gen)(gen)狀(zhuang)莖，為黃精屬多年生(sheng)草本植物(wu)，是大宗中藥材(cai)。玉竹(zhu)(zhu)，以根(gen)(gen)入(ru)藥，性平味(wei)甘，具有養陰(yin)清熱(re)、生(sheng)津止咳(ke)等功效。主治口燥(zao)咽干、干咳(ke)少(shao)痰、風(feng)濕咳(ke)嗽、發熱(re)血(xue)汗(han)、心煩(fan)心悸、熱(re)病煩(fan)渴等癥。并可治療尿頻(pin)、遺精多汗(han)、腰膝痛疼及糖尿病等癥。科學研(yan)究證明(ming)，玉竹(zhu)(zhu)具有降(jiang)血(xue)壓、降(jiang)血(xue)脂、改善心肌缺血(xue)、緩(huan)解動脈粥樣硬化斑(ban)形成的(de)作用，而且(qie)對中風(feng)病有良好的(de)預防(fang)和(he)治療作用。

生長環境

邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市種植(zhi)藥材(cai)歷史悠久，自公元14世紀明(ming)代(dai)開始，已(yi)在該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)廉橋鎮、斫曹鄉(xiang)、流澤鎮、雙鳳鄉(xiang)等鄉(xiang)鎮種植(zhi)玉(yu)竹(zhu)。據《邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市志》記載，公元20世紀初，清末時(shi)期，該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)流澤、廉橋、光(guang)陂(po)、界嶺、雙鳳等鄉(xiang)鎮種植(zhi)玉(yu)竹(zhu)達數(shu)千(qian)畝，年產量占全省四分之三。20世紀初，民國時(shi)期，廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)商(shang)人來境收(shou)購玉(yu)竹(zhu)，轉運廣(guang)州出口(kou)港澳、東(dong)(dong)南(nan)亞(ya)、日、美、韓、加等地(di)區和(he)國家，此時(shi)邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)市的(de)豬屎尾參外貿出外商(shang)稱為“湘(xiang)玉(yu)竹(zhu)”。

21世紀初，邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)市(shi)(shi)農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)結構調整力度加大、步伐加快，該縣中藥材的(de)(de)(de)種植面積達(da)到12萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，種植品(pin)種達(da)100余(yu)種，年產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值近3億元(yuan)，中經材種植分布全縣，各鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、場所(suo)，主要有斫曹鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、廉橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、流(liu)澤(ze)(ze)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、雙鳳鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、界嶺(ling)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、黑田鋪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、周官橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、黃陂橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、流(liu)光嶺(ling)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、團山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、兩市(shi)(shi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、仙槎橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、水(shui)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)江鎮(zhen)(zhen)、魏家橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)等，其中玉竹(zhu)種植面積達(da)6萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)，已成(cheng)為邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)拳頭產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，從事玉竹(zhu)片(pian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)個體(ti)戶達(da)千戶，玉竹(zhu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)龍(long)頭企業(ye)不斷涌現(xian)。2002年又在邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)市(shi)(shi)廉橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)興建(jian)(jian)了一(yi)家中型GMP中藥生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)——湖(hu)南省松齡堂中藥飲(yin)片(pian)有限公司，年加工(gong)(gong)(gong)玉竹(zhu)已出口創(chuang)匯80萬(wan)(wan)美元(yuan)。同年在邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)流(liu)澤(ze)(ze)鎮(zhen)(zhen)興建(jian)(jian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陽農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠，屬中型GMP中藥生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)，年加工(gong)(gong)(gong)玉竹(zhu)飲(yin)片(pian)3千噸，年產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值5000萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。2002年底完成(cheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值2200萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)每年加工(gong)(gong)(gong)玉竹(zhu)飲(yin)片(pian)5萬(wan)(wan)噸，年出口創(chuang)匯近1億美元(yuan)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)出口遠(yuan)銷(xiao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南亞、日、韓、美、加、澳等20多個國(guo)(guo)家和地區，深受(shou)消費者(zhe)青睞，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)供不應求(qiu)。成(cheng)為邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)市(shi)(shi)優勢農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)豬屎(shi)尾參產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量大、品(pin)質優，2007年產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量占湖(hu)南省的(de)(de)(de)3/4，出口量中國(guo)(guo)第(di)一(yi)，享譽海內外。邵(shao)(shao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為豬屎(shi)尾參的(de)(de)(de)原產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地，已得到國(guo)(guo)家質量技(ji)術監督局的(de)(de)(de)地域(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)保護辦(ban)的(de)(de)(de)認可。