一.產品介紹
洪(hong)井鄉(xiang)位于黎城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)部,距縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)僅8公(gong)(gong)里(li),扼(e)全縣(xian)(xian)南北(bei)(bei)(bei)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)之要(yao)沖,207國道縱貫(guan)全境,19條通(tong)(tong)村水泥路(lu)、柏油路(lu)整潔平坦,縱橫交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo),形成四通(tong)(tong)八達的交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)網(wang)絡(luo),交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)十分便利。該鄉(xiang)南北(bei)(bei)(bei)長16公(gong)(gong)里(li),東(dong)(dong)西寬5公(gong)(gong)里(li),總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積92平方公(gong)(gong)里(li),大(da)部分屬(shu)于丘(qiu)陵山區,自然地(di)理位置位于東(dong)(dong)經(jing)113°35′83″至113°39′93″北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯36°56′77″至36°62′07″,平均海拔800米左右,共(gong)轄24個(ge)行(xing)政村,共(gong)有2809戶,11800口(kou)人(ren)。三(san)皇米生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)主要(yao)分布在洪(hong)井鄉(xiang)的煙子村、白云村、洪(hong)河村、山窯頭村、吳家峧村、橫嶺村、劉家村、石橋背村、程家村等十多個(ge)山區村,區域(yu)內(nei)耕地(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積670公(gong)(gong)傾,主要(yao)推廣品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有晉谷21、晉谷35、沁(qin)州黃等品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),年平均單產(chan)(chan)(chan)250公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)左右,總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)75萬公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)左右。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史(shi)因素
三皇米(mi)(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)處于(yu)丘陵山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),土質(zhi)以(yi)紅(hong)土為(wei)主,保(bao)水、保(bao)肥力強,磷(lin)鉀等礦物(wu)質(zhi)含量(liang)豐富,所(suo)(suo)產(chan)(chan)谷(gu)(gu)子(zi)(zi)質(zhi)量(liang)上(shang)乘,自古就是(shi)我(wo)縣(xian)小米(mi)(mi)集中生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di),也(ye)是(shi)縣(xian)城居民餐桌上(shang)的(de)首選小米(mi)(mi)。該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)土壤(rang)PH值為(wei)8,有機質(zhi)含量(liang)加(jia)權(quan)平(ping)均(jun)值為(wei)1.43%,全(quan)氮量(liang)為(wei)0.083%,速效(xiao)磷(lin)為(wei)15ppm,速效(xiao)鉀為(wei)195ppm,代換量(liang)19.5me/100g土。有機質(zhi)加(jia)權(quan)平(ping)均(jun)值為(wei)1.43%,全(quan)氮量(liang)0.083%,速效(xiao)鉀195ppm,速效(xiao)磷(lin)15ppm,高于(yu)平(ping)均(jun)含量(liang)。耕種土壤(rang)肥力壯(zhuang)況為(wei)中等水平(ping),且(qie)土壤(rang)深(shen)厚,非常適宜(yi)谷(gu)(gu)子(zi)(zi)生(sheng)長。三皇米(mi)(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)位于(yu)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)丘陵地(di)(di)帶,農業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)以(yi)雨養(yang)為(wei)主,無河流渠系,且(qie)地(di)(di)下水位深(shen),基(ji)地(di)(di)農田完全(quan)屬(shu)自然雨養(yang)農業(ye),農業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)無污染,農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)符合無公害農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)標準。三皇米(mi)(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)氣(qi)候屬(shu)典型的(de)溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸性(xing)氣(qi)候,春(chun)夏秋冬四季分明,年(nian)降雨量(liang)450mm左右(you)(you),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)8.5℃左右(you)(you),無霜期(qi)(qi)170天(tian)左右(you)(you),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相對(dui)濕度60%,年(nian)日照數平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)2500小時左右(you)(you),農作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)長期(qi)(qi)晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差大于(yu)11℃,這種獨特的(de)氣(qi)候條件,決定了該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)所(suo)(suo)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)谷(gu)(gu)子(zi)(zi),具有生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)周期(qi)(qi)長,利于(yu)干物(wu)質(zhi)積(ji)累的(de)特點,形(xing)成了三皇小米(mi)(mi)色澤金黃米(mi)(mi)質(zhi)綿(mian)軟(ruan)、清香(xiang)怡(yi)人的(de)獨特品(pin)質(zhi)。
三.地域范圍
洪井鄉位(wei)于(yu)黎城縣(xian)縣(xian)城西北(bei)部(bu),距縣(xian)城僅8公(gong)里(li),扼(e)全縣(xian)南北(bei)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)要(yao)沖,207國道縱貫全境(jing), 19條(tiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)村水泥路(lu)(lu)、柏油(you)路(lu)(lu)整潔平(ping)坦(tan),縱橫交錯,形(xing)成四通(tong)(tong)(tong)八(ba)達的交通(tong)(tong)(tong)網絡(luo),交通(tong)(tong)(tong)十分(fen)便利。該(gai)鄉南北(bei)長16公(gong)里(li),東(dong)西寬5公(gong)里(li),總面積(ji)92平(ping)方公(gong)里(li),大部(bu)分(fen)屬于(yu)丘陵山區,自然地理(li)位(wei)置位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)經113°35′83″至(zhi)113°39′93″北(bei)緯36°56′77″至(zhi)36°62′07″,平(ping)均海(hai)拔(ba)800米左(zuo)右,共轄24個行政村,共有(you)2809戶(hu),11800口(kou)人。三(san)皇米生產基地主要(yao)分(fen)布(bu)在洪井鄉的煙子村、白云(yun)村、洪河村、山窯頭村、吳家峧村、橫嶺村、劉家村、石橋背(bei)村、程家村等十多個山區村,區域內耕地總面積(ji)670公(gong)傾,主要(yao)推廣品種有(you)晉谷21、晉谷35、沁州黃等品種,年(nian)平(ping)均單產250公(gong)斤左(zuo)右,總產75萬公(gong)斤左(zuo)右。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感官特征(zheng):三皇(huang)小米(mi),金(jin)黃透亮(liang),圓潤(run)飽滿(man),口(kou)(kou)感綿甜,粘糯(nuo)爽口(kou)(kou),清香(xiang)四溢;蒸(zheng)煮(zhu)(zhu)皆(jie)宜,釀酒清香(xiang);夕日皇(huang)宮(gong)貢品(pin)(pin),今(jin)朝桌上(shang)佳肴。三皇(huang)小米(mi),主(zhu)要原料品(pin)(pin)種是晉谷(gu)21號(hao),該品(pin)(pin)種單桿穗大(da),中晚熟,穗長34.6cm。長立錘(chui)形(xing),小穗較長,刺毛短,單穗重21.72g,千粒重3.54g。抗(kang)粟瘟(wen)病,對白發病免疫。晉谷(gu)21號(hao)系白谷(gu)黃米(mi),其(qi)米(mi)黃度(du)其(qi)它品(pin)(pin)種無法相(xiang)比,煮(zhu)(zhu)粥粘碗掛(gua)鍋(guo),適口(kou)(kou)性好。
2、內在品(pin)(pin)質指標:該(gai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)于二OO九年(nian)六月十(shi)二日經譜尼測(ce)試(shi)科技(北京(jing))有限公司品(pin)(pin)質檢(jian)測(ce),結(jie)果(guo)表(biao)明:氫基(ji)酸總(zong)量檢(jian)測(ce)結(jie)果(guo)約(yue)為(wei) 10.888g/100g,高(gao)于普(pu)通(tong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)均(jun)值(zhi)約(yue)10.4g/100g;本產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)含有維生素(su)C較高(gao)檢(jian)測(ce)值(zhi)為(wei)約(yue)3.17mg/100g;蛋(dan)白質檢(jian)測(ce)結(jie)果(guo)約(yue)為(wei)10.3g/100g,明顯高(gao)于普(pu)通(tong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)均(jun)值(zhi)。
3、安(an)全(quan)要求:產品質量安(an)全(quan)執(zhi)行NY5305---2005無公害食品粟米標準,衛生指標應符合GB2715規定。三皇(huang)小米不應使用(yong)添加劑,黃曲(qu)霉毒素≤5,六六六≤0.05mg/kg;甲基毒死(si)蜱≤50.05mg/kg,溴(xiu)氰菊酯≤0.5mg/kg,無機(ji)砷≤0.15 mg/kg,鉛≤0.2mg/kg ,汞(gong)0.02≤mg/kg,檸檬黃不得檢出。
五.特定(ding)生產方(fang)式
1、產地(di)選(xuan)擇:種植基地(di)選(xuan)擇在(zai)海拔800-900米左右,遠(yuan)離工(gong)業(ye)等(deng)污染區,地(di)勢平(ping)坦(tan),保水保肥,排水良好,肥力(li)中(zhong)等(deng)的(de)地(di)塊,避免選(xuan)擇重茬地(di)塊。
2、品種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇:品種(zhong)以晉(jin)(jin)谷(gu)21號、晉(jin)(jin)谷(gu)35號或沁州(zhou)黃為主(zhu),種(zhong)子應(ying)符合GB44041-1966《農作物種(zhong)子質量標準(zhun)》發芽率(lv)不(bu)低(di)(di)于90%,純度(du)(du)不(bu)低(di)(di)于94%,凈度(du)(du)不(bu)低(di)(di)于96%,水(shui)(shui)份不(bu)高于14%,播(bo)(bo)前(qian)一周,選(xuan)(xuan)晴天(tian)(tian)將種(zhong)子推放(fang)于適合涼曬的地方,厚度(du)(du)2-3公(gong)分(fen),翻曬2-3天(tian)(tian),亦(yi)可(ke)在播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)前(qian)3-5天(tian)(tian)將谷(gu)種(zhong)放(fang)在10%的鹽水(shui)(shui)沖泡10-15分(fen)鐘,撈出漂在水(shui)(shui)面上的秕谷(gu)和(he)雜物,再將種(zhong)子用清水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)2-3次,晾干備用或播(bo)(bo)前(qian)用0.3—0.5%的瑞毒霉粉劑拌種(zhong),防治(zhi)白(bai)發病。
3、生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)管理:嚴格執行(xing)國家NY/ T 5117-2002無(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)標準和(he)黎城(cheng)縣(xian)無(wu)公(gong)害谷(gu)子生(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)操作(zuo)(zuo)規(gui)程(cheng)。科學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)——底(di)肥(fei)(fei)使用(yong)充分腐(fu)熟(shu)的(de)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei),一般(ban)畝(mu)施(shi)2500—4000公(gong)斤,化肥(fei)(fei)每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)二銨15-20kg,尿素(su)10-15kg,硫酸(suan)鉀5kg。磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)二銨和(he)硫酸(suan)鉀作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)底(di)肥(fei)(fei)與(yu)有機肥(fei)(fei)一同施(shi)入,尿素(su)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)追肥(fei)(fei)在孕(yun)(yun)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)施(shi)用(yong),不得使用(yong)含有亞硝酸(suan)鹽的(de)無(wu)機化肥(fei)(fei)。適期(qi)(qi)播種——一般(ban)氣溫穩(wen)定(ding)在17℃,10厘米(mi)地(di)溫穩(wen)定(ding)在14℃,約5月15日—20日較(jiao)為(wei)適宜。采用(yong)木樓或(huo)機樓播種、畝(mu)播量0.5-0.75公(gong)斤,播深3-4cm,一般(ban)畝(mu)留(liu)苗(miao)2.5-3萬株(zhu)。間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)——“谷(gu)間(jian)(jian)寸(cun)、頂上(shang)糞(fen)”谷(gu)子長至(zhi)3-5葉時(shi)間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)最宜。中(zhong)耕除草——結合定(ding)苗(miao)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing),中(zhong)耕淺培土,孕(yun)(yun)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)鋤草高培土,深度5厘米(mi)左右。病蟲害防治(zhi)——谷(gu)子主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病害為(wei)白發(fa)病,可(ke)用(yong)瑞毒霉拌種,蟲害主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是粘蟲、玉米(mi)螟,可(ke) 用(yong)20%速滅殺丁乳油5000倍液噴霧防治(zhi)。收(shou)獲——谷(gu)子在臘熟(shu)末期(qi)(qi)或(huo)晚熟(shu)初期(qi)(qi)子粒(li)變硬,成熟(shu)“斷青”后,首(shou)先在田(tian)間(jian)(jian)去除病、殘、雜穗(sui)(sui),將整株(zhu)收(shou)割后連桿寄(ji)養2~3天,再切穗(sui)(sui)脫(tuo)粒(li)、晾曬、入庫。
4、生(sheng)產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要求(qiu)——詳細記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)生(sheng)產操作日(ri)期、施用農業投入品(pin)的(de)名稱(cheng)、生(sheng)產廠(chang)家(jia)、施用量(liang)等(deng)。產品(pin)加工記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要求(qiu)——記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)加工時(shi)間(jian)、負(fu)責人、數量(liang)、工藝流程、產品(pin)等(deng)級、自檢結果、產品(pin)包裝名稱(cheng)、規格(ge)、貼標人、成品(pin)入庫數量(liang)、時(shi)間(jian)等(deng)詳細記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)。