一.產品介紹
洪(hong)井鄉(xiang)位(wei)于(yu)黎城(cheng)縣縣城(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)部,距縣城(cheng)僅8公里,扼(e)全(quan)縣南北(bei)交(jiao)通之(zhi)要沖(chong),207國道縱(zong)(zong)貫全(quan)境,19條通村(cun)(cun)水泥路、柏油路整潔平(ping)(ping)坦,縱(zong)(zong)橫交(jiao)錯(cuo),形成四通八達(da)的交(jiao)通網絡(luo),交(jiao)通十(shi)分(fen)(fen)便利。該鄉(xiang)南北(bei)長16公里,東(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)5公里,總(zong)面積(ji)92平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里,大部分(fen)(fen)屬(shu)于(yu)丘陵山(shan)區(qu),自然(ran)地(di)(di)理位(wei)置(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)經113°35′83″至(zhi)113°39′93″北(bei)緯36°56′77″至(zhi)36°62′07″,平(ping)(ping)均海(hai)拔800米(mi)左右,共(gong)轄(xia)24個行政村(cun)(cun),共(gong)有2809戶(hu),11800口人(ren)。三皇米(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)(di)主要分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在洪(hong)井鄉(xiang)的煙子(zi)村(cun)(cun)、白云村(cun)(cun)、洪(hong)河村(cun)(cun)、山(shan)窯頭村(cun)(cun)、吳家峧(jiao)村(cun)(cun)、橫嶺村(cun)(cun)、劉(liu)家村(cun)(cun)、石橋(qiao)背村(cun)(cun)、程家村(cun)(cun)等(deng)十(shi)多個山(shan)區(qu)村(cun)(cun),區(qu)域內耕地(di)(di)總(zong)面積(ji)670公傾,主要推廣品種有晉(jin)谷21、晉(jin)谷35、沁州黃等(deng)品種,年平(ping)(ping)均單產(chan)250公斤(jin)左右,總(zong)產(chan)75萬(wan)公斤(jin)左右。
二(er).自(zi)然(ran)生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)和人文(wen)歷(li)史因素
三皇米(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)區(qu)處于(yu)(yu)丘陵(ling)山(shan)區(qu),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)以(yi)紅土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主,保水(shui)、保肥(fei)力強,磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)等(deng)礦物質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)豐富,所(suo)產谷(gu)子質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)乘,自(zi)古(gu)就是我縣小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)集中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基(ji)地(di),也是縣城居民(min)餐(can)桌(zhuo)上(shang)的(de)首選小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)。該區(qu)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)PH值(zhi)為(wei)8,有(you)機質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)加權平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)為(wei)1.43%,全氮量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)0.083%,速(su)(su)效(xiao)磷(lin)(lin)為(wei)15ppm,速(su)(su)效(xiao)鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)195ppm,代換量(liang)(liang)(liang)19.5me/100g土(tu)(tu)。有(you)機質(zhi)加權平(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)為(wei)1.43%,全氮量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.083%,速(su)(su)效(xiao)鉀(jia)(jia)(jia)195ppm,速(su)(su)效(xiao)磷(lin)(lin)15ppm,高(gao)于(yu)(yu)平(ping)均(jun)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)。耕種土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)力壯況為(wei)中等(deng)水(shui)平(ping),且土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)深(shen)厚,非常適(shi)宜谷(gu)子生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。三皇米(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產區(qu)域位于(yu)(yu)山(shan)區(qu)丘陵(ling)地(di)帶,農業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產以(yi)雨養(yang)為(wei)主,無河(he)流渠(qu)系,且地(di)下水(shui)位深(shen),基(ji)地(di)農田完全屬(shu)自(zi)然雨養(yang)農業,農業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產無污染,農產品(pin)符合無公害農產品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)標準。三皇米(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產區(qu)域氣(qi)候(hou)屬(shu)典型的(de)溫(wen)(wen)帶大(da)陸性氣(qi)候(hou),春夏秋冬四季分明,年(nian)降雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)450mm左右(you)(you),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)8.5℃左右(you)(you),無霜期(qi)170天左右(you)(you),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相對濕度60%,年(nian)日照數平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)2500小(xiao)(xiao)時左右(you)(you),農作物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da)于(yu)(yu)11℃,這種獨特(te)的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件,決(jue)定了該區(qu)域所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)谷(gu)子,具有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產周期(qi)長(chang),利于(yu)(yu)干物質(zhi)積累的(de)特(te)點(dian),形成了三皇小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)色澤金(jin)黃(huang)米(mi)質(zhi)綿(mian)軟、清(qing)香怡人的(de)獨特(te)品(pin)質(zhi)。
三.地域范圍
洪井鄉(xiang)位(wei)于(yu)黎城(cheng)縣縣城(cheng)西(xi)北部,距縣城(cheng)僅8公(gong)(gong)里,扼全縣南北交通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之要沖(chong),207國道縱貫全境, 19條(tiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)水泥路、柏油路整(zheng)潔平(ping)坦,縱橫交錯,形成四通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)八達的交通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)網(wang)絡,交通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)十(shi)分(fen)便(bian)利。該鄉(xiang)南北長16公(gong)(gong)里,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬5公(gong)(gong)里,總面(mian)積92平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里,大部分(fen)屬于(yu)丘陵山(shan)區,自(zi)然地理位(wei)置(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)(dong)經(jing)113°35′83″至113°39′93″北緯36°56′77″至36°62′07″,平(ping)均海拔800米(mi)左右(you)(you),共轄(xia)24個(ge)(ge)行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),共有2809戶,11800口人。三皇米(mi)生產(chan)基地主要分(fen)布在洪井鄉(xiang)的煙子村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、白云村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、洪河村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、山(shan)窯(yao)頭村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、吳(wu)家峧村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、橫嶺村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、劉家村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、石(shi)橋背(bei)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、程家村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)等十(shi)多個(ge)(ge)山(shan)區村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),區域內(nei)耕地總面(mian)積670公(gong)(gong)傾,主要推廣品(pin)種有晉(jin)谷21、晉(jin)谷35、沁州黃等品(pin)種,年平(ping)均單產(chan)250公(gong)(gong)斤左右(you)(you),總產(chan)75萬公(gong)(gong)斤左右(you)(you)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征(zheng)
1、外在感官(guan)特征:三皇小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi),金黃透亮,圓(yuan)潤(run)飽滿(man),口(kou)感綿甜,粘糯爽(shuang)口(kou),清香(xiang)四溢(yi);蒸煮皆宜,釀酒清香(xiang);夕日(ri)皇宮貢品(pin)(pin),今(jin)朝桌(zhuo)上佳(jia)肴(yao)。三皇小(xiao)(xiao)米(mi),主要原料品(pin)(pin)種是(shi)晉谷21號(hao),該品(pin)(pin)種單桿穗大,中(zhong)晚熟,穗長(chang)34.6cm。長(chang)立錘形,小(xiao)(xiao)穗較(jiao)長(chang),刺毛短,單穗重21.72g,千粒重3.54g。抗粟瘟病(bing),對白發(fa)病(bing)免疫(yi)。晉谷21號(hao)系白谷黃米(mi),其米(mi)黃度其它品(pin)(pin)種無法相比,煮粥粘碗掛鍋,適口(kou)性好。
2、內在(zai)品(pin)質指標:該產品(pin)于二(er)OO九年(nian)六月十二(er)日(ri)經(jing)譜尼測試(shi)科技(北(bei)京)有(you)限公司(si)品(pin)質檢測,結(jie)果表明:氫(qing)基(ji)酸總量(liang)檢測結(jie)果約為(wei)(wei) 10.888g/100g,高(gao)于普通(tong)產品(pin)均值(zhi)約10.4g/100g;本產品(pin)含有(you)維(wei)生素C較高(gao)檢測值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)約3.17mg/100g;蛋白質檢測結(jie)果約為(wei)(wei)10.3g/100g,明顯高(gao)于普通(tong)產品(pin)均值(zhi)。
3、安全要求:產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安全執行NY5305---2005無公(gong)害食品(pin)(pin)粟(su)米(mi)標準,衛生(sheng)指標應符合(he)GB2715規定。三皇小(xiao)米(mi)不應使用添加劑,黃曲霉毒素≤5,六六六≤0.05mg/kg;甲(jia)基毒死蜱≤50.05mg/kg,溴氰(qing)菊酯≤0.5mg/kg,無機(ji)砷≤0.15 mg/kg,鉛≤0.2mg/kg ,汞0.02≤mg/kg,檸檬(meng)黃不得檢出。
五.特定生產方式(shi)
1、產地(di)(di)(di)選擇:種(zhong)植基地(di)(di)(di)選擇在海拔800-900米左右,遠離工(gong)業(ye)等污染區,地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平坦,保(bao)水保(bao)肥,排水良好,肥力中等的地(di)(di)(di)塊,避(bi)免選擇重茬地(di)(di)(di)塊。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇:品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)以晉谷21號、晉谷35號或(huo)沁州(zhou)黃為主,種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)應符合GB44041-1966《農(nong)作物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質量標準(zhun)》發(fa)芽率不低(di)于(yu)90%,純度(du)(du)不低(di)于(yu)94%,凈度(du)(du)不低(di)于(yu)96%,水(shui)份不高于(yu)14%,播前(qian)一(yi)周,選晴天將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)推放(fang)于(yu)適合涼曬的地方,厚度(du)(du)2-3公分,翻(fan)曬2-3天,亦可在(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)3-5天將(jiang)谷種(zhong)(zhong)放(fang)在(zai)10%的鹽水(shui)沖泡10-15分鐘,撈(lao)出漂在(zai)水(shui)面(mian)上的秕谷和雜物(wu),再將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)用清水(shui)洗2-3次,晾干備用或(huo)播前(qian)用0.3—0.5%的瑞毒霉粉劑拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong),防治白發(fa)病(bing)。
3、生產過程管理(li):嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)國家NY/ T 5117-2002無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農(nong)產品標準(zhun)和黎城縣無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)谷(gu)子(zi)生產技術操(cao)作(zuo)規(gui)程。科(ke)學施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)——底(di)肥(fei)(fei)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)充分腐(fu)熟的農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei),一(yi)般畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)2500—4000公(gong)斤,化肥(fei)(fei)每畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)磷(lin)酸二銨15-20kg,尿(niao)素10-15kg,硫酸鉀5kg。磷(lin)酸二銨和硫酸鉀作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)底(di)肥(fei)(fei)與有機肥(fei)(fei)一(yi)同(tong)施(shi)入,尿(niao)素作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)追肥(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)孕穗期(qi)(qi)施(shi)用(yong)(yong),不得使(shi)用(yong)(yong)含(han)有亞硝酸鹽(yan)的無機化肥(fei)(fei)。適期(qi)(qi)播(bo)種(zhong)——一(yi)般氣溫穩(wen)定在(zai)(zai)17℃,10厘米地溫穩(wen)定在(zai)(zai)14℃,約5月15日(ri)—20日(ri)較為(wei)(wei)適宜。采用(yong)(yong)木樓(lou)或(huo)機樓(lou)播(bo)種(zhong)、畝(mu)(mu)播(bo)量0.5-0.75公(gong)斤,播(bo)深3-4cm,一(yi)般畝(mu)(mu)留苗(miao)(miao)2.5-3萬株。間苗(miao)(miao)——“谷(gu)間寸、頂上(shang)糞”谷(gu)子(zi)長至(zhi)3-5葉(xie)時間苗(miao)(miao)最宜。中耕除草(cao)——結合定苗(miao)(miao)時進行(xing),中耕淺培土(tu)(tu),孕穗期(qi)(qi)鋤(chu)草(cao)高(gao)培土(tu)(tu),深度(du)5厘米左右(you)。病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)——谷(gu)子(zi)主要病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)為(wei)(wei)白發病(bing)(bing),可用(yong)(yong)瑞毒(du)霉拌(ban)種(zhong),蟲害(hai)(hai)主要是(shi)粘蟲、玉米螟,可 用(yong)(yong)20%速(su)滅殺丁乳油5000倍液噴霧防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。收獲(huo)——谷(gu)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)臘熟末期(qi)(qi)或(huo)晚熟初期(qi)(qi)子(zi)粒變硬,成(cheng)熟“斷青(qing)”后,首(shou)先在(zai)(zai)田間去(qu)除病(bing)(bing)、殘、雜(za)穗,將整(zheng)株收割后連桿寄養2~3天,再切(qie)穗脫粒、晾曬、入庫。
4、生產記錄要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)——詳細記錄生產操作(zuo)日期、施用(yong)農業投入品(pin)(pin)的名(ming)稱(cheng)、生產廠家(jia)、施用(yong)量等(deng)。產品(pin)(pin)加工(gong)記錄要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)——記錄加工(gong)時間(jian)、負責人、數量、工(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程、產品(pin)(pin)等(deng)級、自檢結(jie)果、產品(pin)(pin)包裝名(ming)稱(cheng)、規格、貼標(biao)人、成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)入庫數量、時間(jian)等(deng)詳細記錄。