產品介紹
山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西蟒河為國家級山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)之一,因栽(zai)(zai)培山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)歷史悠(you)久,具(ju)有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)最(zui)適宜條件(jian)(jian)和種植山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)豐富經驗(yan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西陽(yang)城,太行深處,有千(qian)年古(gu)樹(shu),人稱“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)王”枝葉(xie)繁茂,果(guo)(guo)實(shi)累(lei)累(lei),雖歷千(qian)年之變,猶(you)見(jian)無限生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)陽(yang)城縣為國家級山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)之一,因栽(zai)(zai)培山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)歷史悠(you)久,榮(rong)獲“中國綠色生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)范縣”的(de)美譽,尤其是(shi)國家自然保護區(qu)——蟒河地(di)區(qu),為陽(yang)城山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)發源地(di),具(ju)有生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)最(zui)適宜條件(jian)(jian)和種植山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)豐富經驗(yan)。據史料記載,漢(han)代以(yi)前(qian)該(gai)地(di)區(qu)就有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資源,現在仍有許多明代所(suo)植山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)樹(shu),其中蟒河村內的(de)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)王”經專(zhuan)家鑒定(ding)已有400多年的(de)樹(shu)齡,為明代所(suo)栽(zai)(zai),目(mu)前(qian)仍郁郁蔥(cong)蔥(cong),果(guo)(guo)實(shi)累(lei)累(lei),年平均掛果(guo)(guo)150——200公斤。陽(yang)城山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)(yu)(yu)榮(rong)獲中華(hua)人名共和國農產(chan)品地(di)理標志(zhi)保護產(chan)品。
形態特(te)征(zheng)
陽城山茱萸(yu)樹皮褐(he)色,片狀剝落,小枝四(si)凌,干(gan)瘦枝散,一(yi)般高約(yue)2-10米左(zuo)右。花(hua)簇生于小枝頂(ding)端,先開(kai)花(hua)后出葉,葉子對長(chang)為(wei)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形,長(chang)約(yue)5-7cm,寬(kuan)約(yue)2-4.5cm。尖(jian)端窄(zhai)呈尖(jian)形。清明前(qian)開(kai)花(hua),花(hua)期為(wei)5-6月,花(hua)小,為(wei)黃綠色,立秋前(qian)掛(gua)果,果期在8-10月,果實為(wei)核果,呈長(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形,長(chang)約(yue)1.2-1.5cm,直徑約(yue)0.7cm左(zuo)右。
產地環境
陽城山(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)喜溫(wen)暖濕(shi)潤氣候,對自然環境條件要求比較嚴(yan)格。要求腐殖質豐富、疏松的(de)微酸(suan)性(xing)綜(zong)壤土(tu)(tu)或(huo)黃棕壤土(tu)(tu);氣候涼爽、濕(shi)潤,雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,陽光適宜(yi)。海拔(ba)在(zai)(zai)600-900米之間,陰坡或(huo)半陰坡;年(nian)(nian)平均氣溫(wen)8-16℃。≥10℃積(ji)溫(wen)4000-5000℃,日照(zhao)年(nian)(nian)平均2571.3小時,全年(nian)(nian)無霜期170-195天。肥沃(wo)、濕(shi)潤的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤上(shang),PH一般在(zai)(zai)5-6.5時生長(chang)(chang)最佳。過酸(suan)、過堿的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤不利于其生長(chang)(chang)發育。山(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)從(cong)種(zhong)子出苗到(dao)幼樹結實,需要7-8年(nian)(nian)時間,樹齡在(zai)(zai)10-20年(nian)(nian)以(yi)下者產(chan)量(liang)極低(di),20-50年(nian)(nian)進入盛果期,結果時間長(chang)(chang)達(da)上(shang)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)。山(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)根系分布淺,吸收根群多在(zai)(zai)13cm以(yi)上(shang)的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤內。
品質特征
2006年(nian),經過中國藥(yao)品生物制(zhi)品檢(jian)定(ding)所、農業部農產品質(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)驗測(ce)(ce)試中心,依據(ju)《中國藥(yao)典》2005年(nian)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)進行全檢(jian),檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)結果顯示:蟒河山茱萸(yu)的馬(ma)錢苷含量(liang)為1.332%,超(chao)過國家規定(ding)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的2.2倍(國家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)不得(de)少于(yu)0.6%),均高(gao)出陜西、四(si)川、河南(nan)、浙江產區山茱萸(yu)的含量(liang)。
陽(yang)城山茱萸(yu)以防疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、治病、辟邪等特有(you)功效著稱。山茱萸(yu)對免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功能(neng)具(ju)有(you)雙向調節的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),山茱萸(yu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)糖類有(you)明顯促進免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)反應的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong).山茱萸(yu)總甙(dai)則明顯地抑(yi)制免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功能(neng),是免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抑(yi)制劑。熊果(guo)酸在體外具(ju)有(you)殺(sha)滅(mie)免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)細胞的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong).腹腔注(zhu)射(she)卻(que)能(neng)夠明顯提高免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功能(neng)。更有(you)意思的(de)(de)是,山茱萸(yu)所含的(de)(de)某些化學成分.合適的(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)度具(ju)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)增強(qiang)免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功能(neng)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong).而高濃(nong)(nong)度卻(que)出現抑(yi)制作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),可見中(zhong)藥的(de)(de)化學成分和(he)藥理(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)復雜性。
山茱萸(yu)(yu)還可制成(cheng)藥(yao)酒、飲料、果醬、罐頭等(deng)多種(zhong)保健休閑食(shi)品,山茱萸(yu)(yu)酒的釀造始于(yu)宋代,由于(yu)它有(you)極高的藥(yao)用(yong)價值和滋補功效,被歷代視(shi)為(wei)珍奇異寶,列為(wei)貢品。