產品介紹
山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西蟒(mang)河(he)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)之一,因栽培山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)悠久,具有生(sheng)產(chan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)適宜條件(jian)和種植(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)的(de)(de)(de)豐富經(jing)驗。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西陽(yang)城,太行(xing)深(shen)處,有千(qian)年古樹,人稱“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)王”枝葉繁茂,果實(shi)累(lei)(lei)(lei)累(lei)(lei)(lei),雖歷千(qian)年之變,猶見無限生(sheng)機。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)陽(yang)城縣(xian)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)之一,因栽培山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)悠久,榮獲(huo)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)綠色生(sheng)態山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)示范縣(xian)”的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)譽,尤其(qi)是國(guo)(guo)(guo)家自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)——蟒(mang)河(he)地(di)區(qu)(qu),為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)城山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)的(de)(de)(de)發源地(di),具有生(sheng)產(chan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)適宜條件(jian)和種植(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)的(de)(de)(de)豐富經(jing)驗。據史(shi)料(liao)記(ji)載,漢代(dai)以前(qian)該地(di)區(qu)(qu)就有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)野生(sheng)資源,現在仍有許多明代(dai)所植(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)樹,其(qi)中(zhong)蟒(mang)河(he)村(cun)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)王”經(jing)專家鑒定已有400多年的(de)(de)(de)樹齡(ling),為(wei)(wei)明代(dai)所栽,目(mu)前(qian)仍郁郁蔥蔥,果實(shi)累(lei)(lei)(lei)累(lei)(lei)(lei),年平均掛果150——200公斤(jin)。陽(yang)城山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)茱(zhu)(zhu)萸(yu)榮獲(huo)中(zhong)華人名(ming)共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)農產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)保護(hu)產(chan)品。
形態特征
陽城山茱萸(yu)樹(shu)皮褐色(se),片(pian)狀剝落,小(xiao)枝四凌,干瘦枝散,一(yi)般(ban)高(gao)約(yue)2-10米左(zuo)右。花(hua)(hua)簇(cu)生于小(xiao)枝頂(ding)端(duan),先(xian)開花(hua)(hua)后出葉,葉子對長(chang)(chang)(chang)為橢(tuo)圓形,長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)5-7cm,寬約(yue)2-4.5cm。尖(jian)端(duan)窄(zhai)呈尖(jian)形。清明(ming)前開花(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)期為5-6月,花(hua)(hua)小(xiao),為黃(huang)綠色(se),立(li)秋(qiu)前掛(gua)果,果期在8-10月,果實為核果,呈長(chang)(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓形,長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1.2-1.5cm,直徑約(yue)0.7cm左(zuo)右。
產地環境
陽(yang)城山(shan)茱萸(yu)喜溫暖(nuan)濕(shi)潤(run)氣候(hou),對自然環境條件要求比較嚴格。要求腐殖質(zhi)豐富(fu)、疏(shu)松(song)的微(wei)酸(suan)性綜(zong)壤(rang)土(tu)或(huo)黃棕壤(rang)土(tu);氣候(hou)涼爽、濕(shi)潤(run),雨量充(chong)沛,陽(yang)光適宜。海拔在(zai)600-900米之(zhi)間(jian),陰(yin)坡(po)(po)或(huo)半陰(yin)坡(po)(po);年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣溫8-16℃。≥10℃積溫4000-5000℃,日照(zhao)年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)2571.3小(xiao)時(shi),全年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期170-195天。肥沃、濕(shi)潤(run)的土(tu)壤(rang)上(shang),PH一般在(zai)5-6.5時(shi)生長最佳。過(guo)酸(suan)、過(guo)堿的土(tu)壤(rang)不利于(yu)其生長發育。山(shan)茱萸(yu)從種子出苗(miao)到(dao)幼(you)樹結實,需(xu)要7-8年(nian)(nian)時(shi)間(jian),樹齡在(zai)10-20年(nian)(nian)以下者產量極低,20-50年(nian)(nian)進(jin)入盛果期,結果時(shi)間(jian)長達上(shang)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)。山(shan)茱萸(yu)根(gen)系分布淺,吸收(shou)根(gen)群多在(zai)13cm以上(shang)的土(tu)壤(rang)內。
品質特征
2006年(nian),經過中(zhong)國藥品生物制品檢定所、農業部農產(chan)品質量(liang)檢驗測(ce)試中(zhong)心,依據(ju)《中(zhong)國藥典(dian)》2005年(nian)標準(zhun)進行全(quan)檢,檢測(ce)結果顯示:蟒河山茱(zhu)萸的馬錢(qian)苷含量(liang)為1.332%,超過國家規(gui)定標準(zhun)的2.2倍(國家標準(zhun)不得少于0.6%),均高出(chu)陜西、四(si)川、河南、浙(zhe)江產(chan)區山茱(zhu)萸的含量(liang)。
陽城(cheng)山(shan)茱萸(yu)以防疫(yi)、治病、辟邪等特有(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)效著稱。山(shan)茱萸(yu)對免疫(yi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)具(ju)有(you)雙向(xiang)調節的(de)(de)作用(yong),山(shan)茱萸(yu)中的(de)(de)糖類有(you)明顯促(cu)進免疫(yi)反(fan)應的(de)(de)作用(yong).山(shan)茱萸(yu)總甙則明顯地抑制(zhi)免疫(yi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng),是免疫(yi)抑制(zhi)劑。熊果酸(suan)在體(ti)外(wai)具(ju)有(you)殺(sha)滅免疫(yi)細胞的(de)(de)作用(yong).腹腔注射卻能(neng)夠明顯提高免疫(yi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)。更有(you)意(yi)思(si)的(de)(de)是,山(shan)茱萸(yu)所含的(de)(de)某些化(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)分(fen).合適的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)具(ju)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)增強(qiang)免疫(yi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)作用(yong).而高濃(nong)度(du)(du)卻出現抑制(zhi)作用(yong),可(ke)見(jian)中藥的(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)分(fen)和藥理(li)作用(yong)的(de)(de)復(fu)雜性。
山茱(zhu)萸(yu)還可制(zhi)成藥酒、飲(yin)料(liao)、果醬、罐(guan)頭(tou)等多種保健休閑(xian)食(shi)品(pin)(pin),山茱(zhu)萸(yu)酒的釀造(zao)始于宋(song)代,由于它(ta)有極高(gao)的藥用價值和滋補功效,被歷代視(shi)為珍(zhen)奇異寶,列為貢品(pin)(pin)。